Anda di halaman 1dari 118

Cerberus®

Security guide «Fire protection»

Introduction and basic principles


Extract of sections 1 to 9 for the «CRPĆB» manual

Fire & Security Products


Siemens Building Technologies Group
Data and design subject to change
without notice. / Supply subject to
availability.
E Copyright by
Siemens Building Technologies AG

Wir behalten uns alle Rechte an


diesem Dokument und an dem in ihm
dargestellten Gegenstand vor. Der
Empfänger anerkennt diese Rechte
und wird dieses Dokument nicht ohne
unsere vorgängige schriftliche
Ermächtigung ganz oder teilweise
Dritten zugänglich machen oder
ausserhalb des Zweckes verwenden,
zu dem es ihm übergeben worden ist.

We reserve all rights in this document


and in the subject thereof. By
acceptance of the document the
recipient acknowledges these rights
and undertakes not to publish the
document nor the subject thereof in
full or in part, nor to make them
available to any third party without our
prior express written authorization,
nor to use it for any purpose other
than for which it was delivered to him.

Nous nous réservons tous les droits


sur ce document, ainsi que sur l'objet
y figurant. La partie recevant ce
document reconnaît ces droits et elle
s'engage à ne pas le rendre
accessible à des tiers, même
partiellement, sans notre autorisation
écrite préalable et à ne pas
l'employer à des fins autres que
celles pour lesquelles il lui a été
remis.

Ci riserviamo ogni diritto relativo al


presente documento e sull'oggetto
illustrato in esso. La parte che riceve
il documento si impegna a non
renderlo accessibile a terzi, né per
intero né in parte, senza la nostra
previa autorizzazione scritta ed a non
usarlo per altri scopi di quello per il
quale è stato rilasciato.
Section 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Section 2 Fire protection planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3


1 Fire protection objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 Types of fire protection measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1 Structural fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Technical fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2.1 Fire detection and gas warning systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2.2 Fire extinguishing systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2.3 Smoke control systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2.4 Emergency and rescue facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2.5 Fire fighting systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3 Fire protection management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.4 Supporting fire protection measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3 Overall fire protection concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4 Cerberus fire detection systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.1 Basic design of a fire detection system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.2 Technical requirements of the fire detection system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.2.1 System requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.2.2 System building and operation requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5 Fixed fire extinguishing systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.1 Water extinguishing installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.1.1 Sprinkler systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.1.2 Deluge system / water curtain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.1.3 Foam extinguishing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.2 Gas extinguishing systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.2.1 FM200 gas extinguishing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.2.2 CO2 extinguishing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.3 Special extinguishing systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.3.1 Dry chemical extinguishing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.3.2 Inerting systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6 Fire risk assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
7 Reducing the risk of arson with an intruder detection system . . . . . . . . 23

Section 3 Fire detection systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25


1 Basic principle of a fire detection system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2 Scope of monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3 AlgoRex) fire detection system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.2 System overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.3 AlgoRex fire detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.4 Detection intelligence at three levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.5 AlgoRex evaluation and operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.6 The right combination of AlgoRex system versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Fire & Security Products 07.2001


Siemens Building Technologies Group
Section 4 Fire detectors and accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1 Fire phenomena and detector types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2 Detection principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.1 Smoke detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.2 Flame detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.3 Heat detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3 Sensor signal evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4 Scope of monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5 Zones with fixed extinguishing systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
6 Choosing a suitable detector system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6.1 Choosing a detector for normal applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6.2 Choosing the appropriate AlgoRex detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
6.3 Suitability by application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
7 Number and arrangement of point-type detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
7.1 Monitoring area per smoke detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
7.2 Monitoring area for point-type heat detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
7.3 Monitoring area for point-type flame detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
8 Number and arrangement of manual call points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
9 Number and arrangement of linear smoke detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
10 Air sampling smoke detection systems (ASD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
10.1 Air sampling smoke detection system ASD Duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
10.2 Air sampling smoke detection system ASD Mono . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
10.3 Air sampling smoke detection system ASD Flex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
10.4 Air sampling smoke detection system ASD Modular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
10.5 Typical applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Section 5 Fire detection control units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65


1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
2 Siting the control unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3 Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
4 AlgoControl fire detection system control unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
4.1 Evaluation – Alarm – Operation – Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4.2 Configuration and structure of the fire detection system control unit . . . . . . . 71
4.2.1 System overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
4.2.2 System structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
4.2.3 Product range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
4.2.4 Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5 Alarm concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
5.1 Cerberus alarm concept (CAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
6 Fire control facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
6.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
6.1.1 Activation of fire control facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
6.1.2 Activating the external control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
6.1.3 Test mode of the fire detection system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
6.1.4 Testing the fire control facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
6.1.5 Safety precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

II

Fire & Security Products 07.2001


Siemens Building Technologies Group
Section 6 Line network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
1 Installation of a fire detection system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
2 Installation of the detection line network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
2.1 Basic information on the detection line network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
2.2 Fire detectors in explosion hazard areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
3 Electromagnetic environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Section 7 Standards and approval institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89


1 Standards for fire detection systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
1.1 European standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
1.2 UL standards (Underwriters’ Laboratories Inc. USA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
2 Testing laboratories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
3 Certification and approval institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4 IP protection categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
5 Explosion protection types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Section 8 Danger management systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95


1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
2 Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
2.1 Main functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
2.2 Other important functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
3 System concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
3.1 System structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
3.2 Specific security features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
4 Examples of danger management systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
4.1 Example 1: DMS7000 danger management system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
4.2 Example 2: System type LMSmodular (Local Monitoring System) . . . . . . . . . 103

Section 9 Evacuation and voice communication systems . . . . . . . . . . 105


1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
2 Main functions of an emergency voice communication system . . . . . . . 107
3 System concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
3.1 Autonomous system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
3.2 Centralized system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
3.3 Decentralized system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

III

Fire & Security Products 07.2001


Siemens Building Technologies Group
IV

Fire & Security Products 07.2001


Siemens Building Technologies Group
Section 1 Introduction

This security guide is intended to:


Provide general basic principles.
Assist in the selection of risk-specific fire protection concepts.
As a means of planning fire detection systems.
As a work of reference.
The information in this security guide is based on half a century of worldwide experience
in the planning and installation of detection systems, and the capabilities of Cerberus fire
detection products.
For more detailed information on the general planning of fire detection systems refer to
CRP manual, section 2.

In all cases, local and national codes, standards and regulations that govern the
planning and installation of detection systems take precedence.

Fire & Security Products sect1


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
2

Fire & Security Products sect1


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Section 2 Fire protection planning

1. Fire protection objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4


2. Types of fire protection measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1. Structural fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2. Technical fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3. Fire protection management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.4. Supporting fire protection measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3. Overall fire protection concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4. Cerberus fire detection systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.1. Basic design of a fire detection system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.2. Technical requirements of the fire detection system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5. Fixed fire extinguishing systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.1. Water extinguishing installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.2. Gas extinguishing systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.3. Special extinguishing systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6. Fire risk assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
7. Reducing the risk of arson with an intruder detection system . . . . . . . . 23

Fire & Security Products sect2


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
1 Fire protection objectives
The basic objective of effective fire protection measures is to protect human lives, mate-
rial assets and the environment from dangers and the effects of fire.
Specifically this means:
1. Preventing danger to life and health (personnel protection)
2. Preventing material damage (asset protection)
3. Preventing ecological damage (environment protection)
To ensure adequate fire safety most countries have enacted national and regional regula-
tions that allocate the responsibility as follows:
Personnel protection is normally governed by laws and ordinances.
Asset protection is usually governed by insurance companies which publish correspond-
ing guidelines and regulations.
Such laws, ordinances, guidelines and standards have in all cases precedence over the
recommendations in this security guide and must be conscientiously taken into consider-
ation when planning a fire protection system.
In cases where no laws and ordinances exist, the fire detection system should be planned
in accordance with sound fire protection engineering practice.

Fire & Security Products sect2


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
2 Types of fire protection measures
The purpose of fire protection measures is to prevent fires and to limit the extent of fire
damage. These basically relate to the structural, technical and organizational concepts
and are summarized below:

2.1 Structural fire protection


Structural fire protection is a fire prevention measure. Its purpose is to prevent the out-
break of fires and the spread of incipient fires.
The most important elements of structural fire protection are
Accessibility for the fire department,
Protective gaps between individual buildings and installations,
Fire walls between adjoining buildings,
Building materials and interior finishes of materials that are non-combustible or self-ex-
tinguishing,
High fire resistance of the structural elements,
Fire compartmentation for limiting the spread of smoke and heat,
Fire-proof sealing of shafts and ducts,
Short, fire-proof escape and rescue paths,
Storage of combustible materials in separate compartments, to isolate them from igni-
tion sources,
Lightning protection in areas with high lightning expectancy,
miscellaneous supporting measures.

2.2 Technical fire protection


Technical fire protection includes facilities and systems which in the event of a fire contrib-
ute to personnel safety and damage limitation.

2.2.1 Fire detection and gas warning systems

Automatic fire detection systems


An automatic fire detection system is designed to detect a fire in its incipient stage and to
automatically initiate preprogrammed control functions.
For example:
Alarming persons who are in danger,
Calling the fire fighting forces and rescue teams,
Activating devices for restricting smoke and fire propagation, for example, closing fire
doors, fire dampers, and the like,
Activating fixed extinguishing systems,
Activating smoke and heat venting systems, escape route pressurization,
De-energizing technical systems (installations),
Controlling building services systems, particularly heating and ventilation systems and
elevators,
Activating the emergency lighting,
Activating the evacuation systems,
and the like.

Fire & Security Products sect2


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Non-automatic fire detection systems
In non-automatic fire detection systems the alarm is initiated manually. This is only pos-
sible if a person is on the premises.
A non-automatic fire detection system can also be part of an automatic fire detection sys-
tem.
The control functions that are initiated in the event of an alarm are the same as for auto-
matic fire detection systems.

Gas warning systems


Gas warning systems detect hazardous concentrations of combustible gases or vapors
in the air. When the threshold concentration is exceeded they automatically:
Activate audible and/or visual alarm devices for warning persons,
Call intervention squads
Reduce the explosion hazard by:
Switch on the ventilation
Shut off the gas supply, pumps and motors,
Close valves,
and the like.

2.2.2 Fire extinguishing systems

Sprinkler systems
Sprinkler systems are automatic extinguishing systems that respond to flaming fires and
spray water within the area of the fire. There are two basic types of sprinkler systems:
Wet pipe systems for frost-free rooms,
Dry pipe systems for rooms with frost hazard.
For special applications there are also mixed systems as well as host (fire detection sys-
tem) controlled systems, and systems with foam generators.
Their functions are:
Preventing the outbreak of a total fire,
Limiting the fire spread,
Limiting the heat spread,
Calling the fire fighting and rescue squads,
Activation of fire protection equipment.

Special cooling and extinguishing systems


These extinguishing systems use extinguishing agents in the form of water, foam or
chemicals. They are activated manually or automatically by a fire detection system.
The following system types exist:
Water spray systems/irrigation installations
Water atomizing system
Foam extinguishing system
Dry powder extinguishing system.

Fire & Security Products sect2


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Gas extinguishing systems
Gas extinguishing systems are automatic extinguishing systems that are normally con-
trolled by the fire detection system. To extinguish the fire they use inert gases such as
CO2, N2, Ar and formerly halons which are now prohibited in most countries. The extin-
guishing effect is based on oxygen starvation and in the case of halons and „halon re-
placements” on the inhibition effect that impedes the chemical reaction between the com-
bustion material and the oxygen.

Explosion suppression systems


Explosion suppression installations are extremely fast responding extinguishing sys-
tems. Their function is to prevent dangerously high pressures (explosion pressure) re-
sulting from the ignition of gas or dust in a room that is not of sufficient size. The equip-
ment comprises a sensor system and an extinguishing system.

2.2.3 Smoke control systems

Smoke and heat venting systems


The function of smoke and heat venting systems is to extract smoke and heat in the event
of a fire.
The smoke and heat extraction reduces smoke logging and heat accumulation which
simplifies the rescue of persons and the work of the fire fighting crew. The heat relief also
enhances the stability of structural elements. These systems are controlled either manu-
ally or automatically by the fire detection system.

Pressurization systems to keep areas free of smoke


These systems are used to keep safety staircases, escape routes and rescue zones free
of smoke. They are controlled either by smoke detectors of the fire detection system or
manually.

2.2.4 Emergency and rescue facilities

Emergency lighting
The emergency lighting is activated as soon as the normal lighting fails. The light intensity
must be adequate so that safe walking though rooms and escape routes and locating of
exits is possible.

Signalization of escape routes and exits


Signs and escape route markings make it easier to locate the exits in the event of danger
or a malfunction.

Evacuation and public address systems


Evacuation and public address systems are alarm systems for announcing alarm and
evacuation messages through a speaker network.

Fire & Security Products sect2


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
2.2.5 Fire fighting systems

Extinguishing equipment and extinguishing installations for manual fire fighting


Manual extinguishing equipment and installations are the most simple means for com-
bating a fire quickly.
This category includes:
Wall hydrants,
Extinguishing water mains (dry/wet),
Hydrants,
Portable fire extinguishers.
This equipment can only be used if persons or fire fighting crews are on the premise.

Firemen’s lifts
Firemen’s lifts have to fulfil stringent requirements. They are used for transporting fire-
men and their equipment, and for evacuating handicapped or injured persons. Under nor-
mal circumstances they are also available for other users.

Emergency communications equipment


Communications facility that enables the fire department to communicate with the per-
sonnel responsible for the building and the fire fighting.

2.3 Fire protection management


The objective of fire protection management is to prevent fires through organizational
measures and personnel training.
These include:
Normal building maintenance,
Good housekeeping,
Periodic operational tests and corrective maintenance,
Preparation of an emergency plan,
Instructions to the personnel concerning,
operational fire hazards,
existing fire protection installations,
fire prevention rules,
behavior in case of fire,
Monitoring of repair work,
Inspection and maintenance of fire protection and fire detection installations,
Utilization of safe equipment and machinery,
Keeping all traffic and escape routes free from obstructions,
Clearing out all unnecessary removable fire loads,
Enforcement of no-smoking regulations or creation of smoker zones,
Conducting fire drills,
Conducting evacuation exercises,
and the like.

Fire & Security Products sect2


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
2.4 Supporting fire protection measures
These include concepts that prevent arson based on supplementary facilities and sys-
tems from intrusion protection applications. For the development of an intrusion protec-
tion concept please consult the special Cerberus security guide „Intrusion”.

Fire & Security Products sect2


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
3 Overall fire protection concept
The overall fire protection concept for any building is based on the following protection
objectives:
Protection of human life
Protection of material assets
Prevention of business interruption.
Fire risks are defined in a multilevel fire protection concept that defines specific protection
objectives. This means that each likely fire location is to be protected by adequate mea-
sures so that no incipient fire can grow up to a serious fire.

5. Structural fire protection / containment

4. Automatic and manual suppression systems

3. Evacuation of building occupants

2. Automatic and manual fire detection

1. Fire protection measures

Area of protection

Buildings, room, process, etc.

Smoking prohibition, fire load reduction, etc.

Smoke detection, occupant warning,


calling the fire department
Exit signs, emergency lighting, intercom etc.

Automatic extinguishing systems or fire brigade intervention

Fire resistive architecture, compartmentation

Fig. 1 Multilevel fire protection concept

Note that fire detection is only one part of a complete fire protection concept.
A fire protection concept for a specific installation should always take into consideration
all available fire protection measures because each individual measure is subject to pos-
sible malfunction.
Examples:
Protective measure Risk
Night watchman Falls asleep, gets injured
Remove ignition source Welding during repair work
Fire detection system System being serviced
Hose cabinet Inadequate water supply, late intervention
In-house fire brigade Off hours, vacation, etc.
Compartmentation Door left open, unsealed duct openings
Automatic extinguishing system Pipes blocked, insufficient water supply

10

Fire & Security Products sect2


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Only by employing a series of different protection measures is it possible to re-
duce the fire danger to such an extent that the required level of safety is achieved.
Which protection measures and how many of them should be implemented requires
great skill on the part of the fire protection engineer, both in evaluating the protection
needs and prescribing adequate protection measures. Chapter 6 „Fire risk assessment”
has been provided to the fire protection engineer as an aid in solving this problem.

11

Fire & Security Products sect2


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
4 Cerberus fire detection systems

4.1 Basic design of a fire detection system


The objective of a fire detection system is to reliably detect incipient fires based on phe-
nomena such as smoke, flames, heat, etc. by means of suitable detectors.
When a fire has been detected the system automatically generates an alarm and initiates
the preprogrammed control functions.

Detection of Evaluation
fire phenomena and operation Intervention

Suppression of
deceptive variables

Fig. 2 Basic design of a fire detection system

4.2 Technical requirements of the fire detection system


The function of a fire detection system is to protect human life and material assets and
therefore may not have any weak points. As a consequence such a system must satisfy
very stringent requirements.
The requirements can be classified as follows:
System requirements
and
System building and operation requirements

12

Fire & Security Products sect2


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
4.2.1 System requirements
All parts of the system must conform to sound engineering principles as well as the rele-
vant standards and safety regulations.
The requirements relate to
System technology,
Product quality,
Functionality,
Compliance with standards
etc.
The system technology requires characteristics such as
High detection reliability (alarm plausibility),
High immunity to deceptive phenomena
High system availability
Maximum system design flexibility
Simple logical operation
High installation flexibility
Easy service and maintenance
etc.
Key requirements are the high detection reliability and immunity to deceptive phenom-
ena. This is one of the principal weaknesses of conventional fire detection systems. As a
consequence fire fighting and intervention squads are frequently confronted with the
question: Is it a real alarm or a false alarm?
High alarm validity (plausibility) is just as important as quick system response in the event
of a fire. This insight is not new, but for its practical implementation, no suitable technol-
ogy has in the past been available. Is a fire detection system that is immune to deceptive
alarms, an unrealistic ideal?
No, Cerberus has found the solution. It is called AlgoRex a completely new fire detec-
tion system. AlgoRex is the result of many years of experience and systematic re-
search and development in the field for fire detection and sensor technology. The system
is based on state-of-the-art electronics and advanced data processing (see Section 3).

13

Fire & Security Products sect2


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
4.2.2 System building and operation requirements
The reliability of the fire detection system is largely influenced by the quality and planning
of the installation. For this reason a high quality standard must be applied also in these
areas and conformity with the relevant standards, safety and installation regulations is
required.

Planning phase
In this phase the designer defines a fire protection concept based on the risk assessment.
This concept is an optimized combination of selected structural, technical, and organiza-
tional fire protection measures. The design of a fire detection system must always be
matched to other fire protection measures.
The technical planning of a fire detection system comprises
System planning: Defining the detector types, detector locations, monitoring areas and
possible sources of interference, etc.
Alarm organization planning: Preparing an alarm concept that is tailored to the utiliza-
tion and activities on the premises. Its purpose is to alert endangered persons and to
call the fire fighting and intervention squads, etc.
Incorporation of other technical fire protection measures as listed in chapter 2.2
Installation planning for the detectors, system control unit, operator terminal, controls,
etc., including choice of installation material, line routing, etc.

Implementation phase
This phase comprises
Installation of the system,
Testing and commissioning,
Handover of the fire detection system to the user,
Training of all users, including fire fighting and intervention crews.

Operational phase
The operational phase comprises
Supervision and operation of the system,
Regular re-instruction of the users,
Fault remedy,
Maintenance, that is, inspection, service, repair.

14

Fire & Security Products sect2


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
5 Fixed fire extinguishing systems

5.1 Water extinguishing installations

5.1.1 Sprinkler systems


A sprinkler system is appropriate wherever rapid fire growth and temperature rise are to
be expected, where water is suitable as an extinguishing agent, were fire fighting is diffi-
cult, and where the building occupants can escape only with a delay.
Typical applications are:
High-rise buildings
Large sales rooms, for example, department stores,
Warehouses and factories with a large fire load,
Unprotected steel building structures,
Underground garages.
In this system the heat generated by the fire activates the sprinkler head (bursts the glass
bulb, melts the fusible link, etc.). Water is released only in the immediate vicinity of the
fire. This localized application of water controls the fire in such a way that water and fire
damage is minimized.

1 Water supply
2 Control valve (monitored)
3 Valve station
4 Pipe network with sprinkler
heads
7 5 Alarm transmission (often to
5 the fire detection system con-
3 trol unit)
6 6 External alarm to fire depart-
ment
7 Audible alarm
2
1

Fig. 3 Sprinkler system

The system can be „wet” or „dry” (also called pre-action sprinkler). In a wet system the
pipe network is always filled with water. Water is released as soon as a sprinkler head
opens.
In a dry system there is only compressed air in the pipe network under normal conditions.
Water fills the pipes only after a preliminary alarm, for example, when a smoke detector
has responded. Water is released only if the fire grows large enough to activate a sprin-
kler head.

15

Fire & Security Products sect2


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
5.1.2 Deluge system / water curtain
A deluge system is suitable where early and rapid extinguishing with large quantities of
water is essential.
Possible applications are:
Wood chip silos,
Covered loading docks with doors that are not fire-resistive,
Tanks used for storage of combustible liquids,
Transformers,
Paint shops,
Cable ducts,
Water curtains for sectioning-off fire compartments.
These system can be actuated manually and/or by means of a separate detection
system. The detection system could comprise a pipe network containing compressed air
and control sprinklers, or smoke or heat detectors that are connected to a fire detection
system from which the control valve can be activated automatically or manually, etc.
In these systems all sprinkler heads are normally open and water flows from all
sprinklers heads when the system is activated.

1 Water supply
2 Control valve (monitored)
3 Quick-opening valve (electrical
actuation mechanism)
5 6
4 Pipe network with sprinkler
nozzles
5 Manual call point
7 9
6 Automatic fire detectors
3 7 Fire detection system control unit
(extinguishing control unit)
8
8 Alarm remote transmission
9 Audible alarm
2
1

Fig. 4 Deluge system

16

Fire & Security Products sect2


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
5.1.3 Foam extinguishing system
Foam extinguishing systems are water based systems that combine with foam
concentrate for smothering a fire.
Typical applications for such systems are:
Outdoor tanks containing combustible liquids,
Internal foam flooding for fixed-roof storage tanks,
Perimeter ring foam flooding for floating-roof storage tanks,
Foam flooding for tanks with a sump
Tank storage areas inside of buildings
Foam flooding of rooms with foam sprayer,
Aircraft hangars,
Solvent storage areas (light foam).
These systems are normally actuated manually unless they are part of a sprinkler system
(e.g. aircraft hangar, etc.).

7 8

1 Water supply
6 2 Control valve
3 Main pump
9 4 Foam extract container
2 5 Foam pump
5
6 Non-return valve
7 Mixer
3
8 Foam generator, foam pipe
2
2
4

1 2

Fig. 5 Low-expansion foam extinguishing system

6 8

9
5 7 1 Water supply
2 Control valve
2 3 Main pump
4 4 Foam pump
5 Non-return valve
3 6 Mixer
2 7 Blower
2 8 Water/foam extract atomizers
10 9 Foam expansion mesh
10 Foam extract container

1 2

Fig. 6 High-expansion foam extinguishing system

17

Fire & Security Products sect2


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
5.2 Gas extinguishing systems

5.2.1 FM200 gas extinguishing system


Extinguishing systems on the basis of FM200 are suitable for risks where a dry, clean
and non-toxic extinguishing agent is required (the concentrations of the decomposition
products that arise during extinguishing are harmless) that does not damage the material
to be protected (no chemical reaction).
Such fires include:
Liquids and other materials which in the event of a fire behave like combustible liquids,
Gases (provided no ignitable gas/air mixtures can form after the fire has been
extinguished),
Electrical or electronic cables and equipment,
Computer and telecommunications equipment,
Possible applications for FM200:
Paintworks, paint shops, powder coating systems,
Oil baths,
Electrical plant rooms,
Computer rooms and data storage archives,
Telecommunications equipment.
To prevent development of hazardous concentrations of combustion products an
FM200 extinguishing system must be activated in the incipient stage of a fire.
For this reason only sensitive fire detectors should be installed in such fire compartments
(i.e. smoke detector rather than heat detector).
FM200 is not suitable for locations in which deep-seated fires can be expected. In these
cases the gas cannot completely extinguish the fire before the gas is diluted to the point
where the combustion process continues.
Examples for which FM200 is not suitable:
Deep-seated fires (smoldering fires) involving wood, paper, textiles, foams,
Material that can burn rapidly without supply of air (for example, nitrocellulose,
gunpowder),
Combustible metals (for example, sodium, potassium, magnesium, titanium, uranium,
zirconium, plutonium),
Metal hydrides,
Self-decomposing substances, for example, certain peroxides, hydrazine, etc.
Such fires can be expected in:
Hardening plants, drying systems,
Shops where arcing can occur,
Cardboard and paper warehouses.

18

Fire & Security Products sect2


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
9

1 FM200cylinders
6 2 Electromechanical or pyroelectrical valve
actuator
3 Extinguishing nozzles
2 3 7 4 Fire detection system control unit
5 Manual call point
5 6 Automatic fire detectors
7 Illuminated warning panel
8 Alarm sounder
1 9 Piping network
4 8

Fig. 7 FM200 extinguishing system with central gas cylinder manifold

5.2.2 CO2 extinguishing system


In the right concentration CO2 has a smothering effect and can be an efficient fire
extinguishing agent. However, CO2 is toxic which means that evacuation must take place
before the extinguishing agent is released.
CO2 extinguishing systems are suitable for:
Electrical installations of all kinds where no personnel is present,
Inside storage tanks containing combustible liquids,
Oil baths (dip tanks),
Paint shops,
Rolling mills,
Furrier’s warehouse
etc.
These systems are normally actuated by hand and/or automatically by fire detectors (or
in rare cases by fusible links).
5 1 CO2 cylinder
2 Cylinder valve
2 4 3 Balance
8 4 Electromechanical or pyroelect-
10 rical actuator
9
5 Pipe network
7 6 Fire detection system control
1 unit (extinguishing control unit)
7 Alarm device
8 Automatic fire detectors
3 6 9 Manual call point
10 CO2 nozzle

Fig. 8 CO2 extinguishing system

19

Fire & Security Products sect2


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
5.3 Special extinguishing systems

5.3.1 Dry chemical extinguishing system


In this type of system extinguishing agents in the form of powders are used. The primary
extinguishing mechanism is smothering, and in some cases chemical reaction. These
systems should not be used where chemical reaction or residues affect the object to be
protected.
Such systems are suitable for:
Kitchens (grease fires),
Certain drying ovens,
Distillation towers,
Tanker cars/loading terminals,
Aircraft hangars,
Aircraft engine test bays,
Oil separators,
etc.
These systems are actuated manually and/or automatically by fire detectors (including
fusible links).

1 Dry chemical storage container


9 6
2 Compressed gas (nitrogen) cylinder
7 5 3 Main valve
4 Actuator
5 Pipe network with nozzles
4 12 6 Fire detection system control unit
(extinguishing control unit)
7 Automatic fire detectors
10 8 Manual call point
8 9 Alarm sounder
2 1 3
10 Pressure reducer
11 11 Booster valve
12 Filling opening with safety valve
13 13 Test and rinsing port

Fig. 9 Dry chemical extinguishing system

20

Fire & Security Products sect2


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
5.3.2 Inerting systems
Like CO2 also inerting systems prevent the build-up of ignitable gas concentrations by
displacing the oxygen with inert gas such as nitrogen or Argon. Such systems are used in
chemical process systems where an explosion hazard is present.

1 Inert-gas cylinder
6 2 Special feeder valve for
dosed release of inert gas
4 3 Control unit
2 2 4 Alarm sounder
5 Concentration sensor
6 Open nozzle
5 7 Explosion hazard room
3
8 Spare cylinder of inert gas
8 1
7

Fig. 10 Inerting system

21

Fire & Security Products sect2


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
6 Fire risk assessment
The term fire risk indicates the relative level of the fire hazard: High fire safety corre-
sponds to a low fire risk, whereas low fire safety or high exposure to fire hazard means
high fire risk. The magnitude of the risk can be assessed as follows: For each room (or
object) the event probability of an incipient fire and its loss potential is defined based
on the following scale:
The following table shows how these parameters can be defined:
Event probability (E) Loss potential (L)
1 = highly improbable 1 = low or none Danger to life
2 = improbable 2 = medium and/or property
(material or im-
3 = probable 3 = large material assets)
4 = frequent 4 = very high
5 = continuous 5 = catastrophic

The magnitude of the risk is calculated as the product of the event probability times the
loss potential:

Risk = Event probability x Loss potential

R = E (1...5) x L (1...5)

In a first step the urgency of the required protective measures can be assessed based on
the following risk levels:
Risk level Description Priority level Urgency of protective
measures
16, 20, 25 Catastrophic risk 1 Immediate
8, 9. 10, 12, 15 Large risk 2 Short term
4, 5, 6 Medium risk 3 Medium term
1, 2, 3 Small risk 4 Long term

The risk levels that have to be reduced by suitable protection measures depend on the
risk that can be tolerated. They must be assessed individually for each installation. For
example, a relative risk of level 8 can be obtained by two different scenarios:
1. Low event probability with very high loss potential,
2. Frequent event probability with medium loss potential.
The second scenario is more frequent than the first one.

22

Fire & Security Products sect2


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
7 Reducing the risk of arson with an intruder
detection system
In most cases an arsonist has to break into a building before he can start a fire. Burglars
often become arsonists in order to destroy evidence, or out of frustration when they find
nothing of value.
The following countermeasures are feasible as protection against arson:
Enclosing the premises or grounds with a fence or wall. The enclosure must be
continuous and not allow intruders to climb over.
Guarding the entrances with security personnel.
Installation of an access control system.
Surveillance of the premises and grounds by a combination of security patrols,
watchdogs, and CCTV system.
Lighting of the grounds (floodlights, motion-activated lights, etc.).
Building windows that directly overlook public roads and therefore cannot be fenced in,
must be protected against intrusion and projectiles (for example, with wire-reinforced
glass, steel bars, etc.).
Entrance doors must be fitted with safety locks.
Installations and components that form a vital part of daily operations must be
monitored by automatic intruder alarm devices.

23

Fire & Security Products sect2


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
24

Fire & Security Products sect2


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Section 3 Fire detection systems

1. Basic principle of a fire detection system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26


2. Scope of monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3. AlgoRex fire detection system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.2. System overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.3. AlgoRex fire detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.4. Detection intelligence at three levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.5. AlgoRex evaluation and operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.6. The right combination of AlgoRex system versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

25

Fire & Security Products sect3


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
1 Basic principle of a fire detection system
Automatic fire detection systems detect a fire by identifying one of the fire phenomena
such as invisible products of combustion, smoke, flames, or heat. In response the fire
detection system control unit initiates an alarm and the preprogrammed control func-
tions.
In this way it is possible to alarm the building occupants, the fire department, and to mini-
mize the overall damage.

Detection / signaling Signal processing Alarm / intervention

Fire detection control unit

Automatic fire
detector

F
Manual call
point

Contacts of
extinguishing
systems

Automatic fire detectors The fire detection system Visual and/or audible alarm
monitor the rooms of a build- control unit – the brain of a signals as well as the fire
ing for fire and respond to the detection system – processes alarm transmission to the fire
presence of smoke, heat, and the signals it receives from department are actuated by
flames, by transmitting a sig- the detectors. the control unit.
nal to the control unit. Cerberus fire detection con- The control unit also carries
Manual call points allow im- trol units incorporate the lat- out a number of additional
mediate alarm initiation. est technology. Due to their functions such as
Contacts of extinguishing modular design and individual – Activation of fire control
systems initiate the normal programming they can be installations,
alarm procedure in the control continually adapted to chang- – Activation of fixed extin-
unit so that additional fire ing system requirements. guishing systems,
fighting measures can be – Transmission of fault sig-
taken. nals

Fig. 1 Principle of a fire detection system

26

Fire & Security Products sect3


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
2 Scope of monitoring
Each room in a building should be monitored by a fire detector to ensure early response
by the fire detection system. Complete monitoring is always recommended because one
can never predict when or where a fire will break out. It has been shown that approxi-
mately one third of all fires occur in rooms that are seldom frequented.
Selective monitoring as illustrated in Figs. 3.to 5 should only be chosen in special cases
and only with the approval of the fire protection engineer who is responsible for the proj-
ect.

Fire detector

Manual call point

Fig. 2 Complete monitoring of all fire compartments

Fig. 3 Selective complete monitoring, that is, complete monitoring of one or several
fire compartments

27

Fire & Security Products sect3


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Fig. 4 Selective monitoring for property protection. The dark shaded area must be
monitored and the lightly shaded area surrounding it is included in the monitor-
ing concept for greater overall safety.

Fig. 5 Selective monitoring for life safety through continuous monitoring of the es-
cape routes.

28

Fire & Security Products sect3


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Fig. 6 Plant and machinery monitoring

Plant and machinery can be monitored with point-type detectors that are installed in close
proximity to the equipment to be protected.
Plant and machinery monitoring is also possible with air sampling smoke detectors (see
Section 4, Chapter 10).

Fig. 7 Monitoring of important electrical control systems

Important electrical control systems can be monitored with detectors that are installed in
the room, in the equipment itself, or in the plenum of the raised floor.
Also in this application monitoring with air sampling smoke detectors is possible (see
Section 4, Chapter 10).

29

Fire & Security Products sect3


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
3 AlgoRex fire detection system

3.1 Introduction
True or false alarm? This is the question that each automatic fire detection system must
be able to answer quickly and reliably. This task is getting more difficult because the fire
phenomena and deceptive variables from the environment and work processes are in-
creasingly becoming more similar. However, the alarm reliability is the yardstick by which
all fire detection systems are measured. With the aid of modern communications technol-
ogy and higher computer intelligence combined with lower space requirement (VLSI,
Very Large Scale Integration) it is possible to successfully master this critical problem.
With AlgoLogic Cerberus is able to incorporate these technological advances into its
new AlgoRex product range of interactive fire detection systems. To the relief of the spe-
cialists working in fire protection engineering, Cerberus has created a system that dis-
criminates exceptionally well between true fire phenomena and deceptive variables from
the environment, and this without and significant degradation of the detection sensitivity.

Control unit intelligence

ALARM

AlgoPilot CT11

Evaluation and detec- Parameter setup


tion logic (algorithms) Interactive data exchange (predefined detec-
tion behavior)

Detector intelligence

Fig. 8 AlgoLogic

The outstanding feature of the system is the AlgoLogic. The term AlgoLogic is a (acro-
nym) contracted form of „Algorithm” and „Signal evaluation Logic”. It describes the over-
all function of the system with respect to data acquisition, evaluation, communication,
and processing. AlgoLogic is distributed in the detectors and in the fire detection system
control unit. AlgoLogic combines the entire Cerberus know-how and experience as the
bases for an unprecedented detection and diagnostic capability in the AlgoRex system.

30

Fire & Security Products sect3


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
3.2 System overview
AlgoRex is more than an evolutionary refinement of a conventional technology. The
system is based on a comprehensive data base of scientific test results and the
application know-how of the world’s most experienced fire detection system
manufacturer.
Although the basic architecture with detectors, control unit and operator terminal remains
unchanged, already the external design demonstrates that AlgoRex is a totally new
development. In addition to the three detector types
PolyRex Neuronal smoke detector DOT with AlgoLogic,
OptoRex  Wide spectrum smoke detector DO with AlgoLogic,
ThermoRex  Heat detector DT with AlgoLogic.
the system comprises the AlgoControl fire detection control unit and the AlgoPilot
operator terminal.

PolyRex

AlgoPilot

OptoRex

AlgoControl
ThermoRex

Fig. 9 AlgoRex interactive fire detection system with AlgoLogic

ALARM

AlgoPilot CT11

Detection capability
H Detection and evaluation at place of
installation H Signal checking
H 4 Dynamic danger levels H Logical combination of signals
Detection reliability H Alarm verification
H Correct algorithm at the right place
H Display
Emergency operation
H Operation
H Detection capability is preserved

Detection and evaluation Alarm initiation

Fig. 10 Distributed data processing and system intelligence

31

Fire & Security Products sect3


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
3.3 AlgoRex fire detectors
The function of the fire detectors is to reliably detect and signal fires in their incipient
stage.
Due to the individual programming the 3 standard detectors of the AlgoRex series cover a
broad spectrum of possible fire hazards.

Neuronal smoke detector PolyRexR


Equipped with multicriteria sensors that ensure reliable response behavior for all types
of fires.
Dynamic analysis of the smoke and heat sensor signals.
Neuronal network in the detector.

Wide spectrum smoke detector OptoRexR


Reliably responds to a large variety of fires.
New, high-quality opto-electric sensor system.
Dynamically analyzes the „smoke” sensor signal within the detector itself.

Heat detector ThermoRexR


Reliable heat detector for demanding requirements.
Selectable, standardized response categories.
Deception-proof response behavior for fast and slow temperature rise.

°C °C

PolyRex OptoRex ThermoRex

Fig. 11 AlgoRex fire detectors

32

Fire & Security Products sect3


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
3.4 Detection intelligence at three levels

Interactive detectors
Detector series with maximum detection reliability achieved through AlgoLogic, the eval-
uation and detection logic with interactive signal processing based on programmable al-
gorithms. These detectors can be parameterized: they can be optimally programmed to
suit the requirements of the installation location.
Interactive AlgoRex detectors are used wherever demanding environmental conditions
and high fire risks require maximum alarm validity, that is, detection reliability and false
alarm immunity.

AnalogPlus detectors
Addressable smoke and heat detectors with multilevel, intelligent signal evaluation. Ana-
logPlus detectors achieve high detection reliability through centrally selectable but detec-
tor-specific sensitivity settings, alarm verification and multicriteria logic.
Ideal for applications where a medium risk level and moderate environmental interfer-
ence potential coincide.

Collective detectors
The smoke and heat detectors of the conventional limit comparator technology are ma-
ture and reliable products.
They are suitable for areas with low fire risks and unproblematic environmental condi-
tions.

Three detector types

PolyRexR
Neuronal smoke detectors for dynamic multicriteria analysis of smoke and heat. Avail-
able in interactive and addressable versions.

OptoRex R
Wide-band smoke detector for dynamic analysis of smoke. Available in interactive, ad-
dressable and collective versions.

ThermoRexR
Heat detector for deception-proof response to fast and low temperature rise. Available in
interactive, addressable and collective versions.

33

Fire & Security Products sect3


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
3.5 AlgoRex evaluation and operation

AlgoControl fire detection system control unit


The AlgoControl communicates in interactive mode with all devices connected to the sys-
tem. It analyzes the incoming signals and compares them with stored values. In accor-
dance with the program it activates the corresponding fire alarm and control devices.
All events and data are stored by AlgoControl in such a way that they can be retrieved at
any time.
AlgoControl is available in several versions that are matched to the size of the installation,
the field of application, and the various detector types.

System operation
The AlgoPilot information and operating panel serves as the display and control unit for
the entire system. Through AlgoPilot the system provides information on what it has de-
tected and what measures were initiated. Particular attention has been given to:
Simple and logical operation
Plain text information that is specific to the installation
Action text for supporting the intervention squads

ALARM

AlgoRex

Acknowledge

Reset

Information Isolation Alarms Faults


7 8 9 F1
Premises Alarm device Alarm device Alarm device
manned off active fault 4 5 6 F2
Alarm delay Remote alarm Remote alarm Remote transmission
off off active fault 1 2 3 ok
Detector Control function System System
test mode off on fault 0 C

AlgoPilot CT11

Fig. 12 Operating panel

34

Fire & Security Products sect3


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Alarm and control devices
For alarming and informing internal and external intervention squads a number of visual
and audible alarm devices is available. The programmed urgent measures are initiated
by corresponding control signals. For example:
Alarm sounders
Horns, sirens and staff paging systems.

Signal lamps
Rotating and flashing beacons.

Remote transmission
Automatic communication devices for transmitting alarm and fault mes-
sages to various emergency control centers.

Fire control installations


Programmable, automatic emergency control facilities, for example, for
controlling ventilation units, fire doors, smoke dampers, elevators.

Interfaces
For serial connection to danger management systems.

Remote diagnosis
Password-protected remote diagnosis and parameter setup.

35

Fire & Security Products sect3


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
3.6 The right combination of AlgoRex system versions
Sometimes a simple collective detector is adequate for the fire risk involved. But in many
cases more sophisticated equipment is required, for example, an addressable detector.
And sometimes only the best is good enough: an interactive detector with intelligent, al-
gorithmic signal evaluation.
For this reason Cerberus has developed the AlgoRex range of detectors. It comprises
detectors with different „IQs” that can be combined within the same system.
The most effective solutions is to tailor the fire detection system to the corresponding fire
risk and the complexity of the installation, and to select the appropriate detectors.
It certainly does not make sense to install the most intelligent fire detector in rooms with
low risk and low interference.
On the other hand it is not logical to install a simple, collective detector in rooms with high
fire risk and strong interference.
With AlgoRex it is possible to configure fire detection systems that are tailored exactly to
the risks, interference factors and individual requirements of an installation.

AlgoRex product concept


Product range Technology Special features Applications
– Completely modular – Production locations
system concept with – Nuclear power stations
High fire risk Interactive system
highly developed orga- – Parking garages
Strong interference nizational intelligence
with AlgoLogic Future oriented – Areas with high hazard
– Fire risk relatively high technology – High detection intelli- potential
– Interference factors exist A gence for true fire
– False alarms with severe effects phenomena and – Complex objects
excellent immunity to – Buildings with mixed
deceptive phenomena utilization
– Completely modular – Industry
system concept with – Warehouses
selected organizational – Shopping centers
intelligence, designed
Medium fire risk Standard system for efficient system – Hotels
Medium interference AnalogPlus operation – Hospitals
– False alarm with relatively weak Latest technology
– Reliable detection – Administrative
effects B capability and high buildings
– Little interference immunity to – Senior citizen homes
interference allow a etc.
broad range of
applications
Basic system, – Simple system concept – Small hotels
collective for conventional ap- – Children’s homes etc.
Proven technology plication
C – Reliable detection
– Completely modular, – All applications are
Low fire risk adaptable system con- covered
Low interference cept that comprises all – Can be tailored to
– Low to medium fire risk three technologies, specific application
– First line alarm intervention by Future-oriented with highly developed requirements
internal staff Combination system
organizational intelli-
– Little interference Interactive, AnalogPLUS gence
(A+B+C) and collective combined – Comprehensive system
configuration capabili-
ties that satisfy all
application
requirements

36

Fire & Security Products sect3


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Section 4 Fire detectors and accessories

1. Fire phenomena and detector types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38


2. Detection principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3. Sensor signal evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4. Scope of monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5. Zones with fixed extinguishing systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
6. Choosing a suitable detector system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6.1. Choosing a detector for normal applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6.2. Choosing the appropriate AlgoRex detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
6.3. Suitability by application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
7. Number and arrangement of point-type detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
7.1. Monitoring area per smoke detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
7.2. Monitoring area for point-type heat detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
7.3. Monitoring area for point-type flame detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
8. Number and arrangement of manual call points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
9. Number and arrangement of linear smoke detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
10. Air sampling smoke detection systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
10.1. Air sampling smoke detection system ASD Duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
10.2. Air sampling smoke detection system ASD Mono . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
10.3. Air sampling smoke detection system ASD Flex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
10.4. Air sampling smoke detection system ASD Modular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
10.5. Typical applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

37

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
1 Fire phenomena and detector types
The following table lists the fire phenomena and the appropriate detector types.

Standard detectors Supplementary detectors


DOT115. DOT113. DO11.. ASD... DT11.. D24.. S... S24..
Neuronal Multisensor Wide- Air sampling Rate of rise/ Rate of rise Infrared flame Infrared flame
smoke smoke spectrum smoke fixed temperature detector detector
detector with detector smoke detector temperature detector, (standard) (2-channel)
dynamic detector (scat- detector 2 criteria,
analysis tered light (standard) fixed
principle) temperature
detector

Smoke detectors Heat detector Flame detector


Smoke and/or Smoldering Fire that gen- Early stage of Flaming fire, for example, Flaming fire of carbonaceous
heat from fire that erates visible a smoke involving wood, solvents, materials, for example,
flaming fires produces smoke, for ex- generating plastics, mineral oil products, involving wood, plastics,
or from light-colored, ample, flam- fire etc. alcohol, mineral oil products,
visible smoke, ing fire of but excluding the combustion
smoldering for example, plastics, oil, of phosphorus, sodium,
fires involving electrical fire, etc. magnesium, hydrogen, etc.
wood, paper, etc.
plastics, etc.

TEMPERATURE
SMOKE HEAT RADIATION
INCREASE

38

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
2 Detection principles

2.1 Smoke detector

Scattered-light smoke detector


The light source, the light stop and the light receiver are arranged in such a way that no
light is transmitted from the source to receiver along a direct path. Only when smoke
particles are present in the labyrinth is some of the light scattered on receiver.
The light source transmits brief, intensive light pulses of a specific frequency into the laby-
rinth. The receiver signal is evaluated only if the light pulse frequency is synchronous with
the transmitter frequency.
Light receiver
Light stop

Light source

Smoke particles
Transmitter optics

Fig. 1 Principle of the scattered light measurement

Light source

Labyrinth
Labyrinth
Light stop

Smoke particle
Light receiver

Fig. 2 Detector design

39

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Linear smoke detector
The linear smoke detector is based on the extinction principle, that is, the attenuation of
light by smoke is measured. The transmitter emits a strongly focused, infrared light beam
across the optical measuring section. If no smoke is present, a large part of the light
reaches the reflector and is returned to the point of origin via the same path. The incoming
light produces an electrical signal in the photodiode of the receiver.
Detector Reflector

Receiver

Transmitter

Measuring section

Fig. 3 Linear smoke detector without presence of smoke

If smoke penetrates the measuring section, part of the light is absorbed and part of the
light is scattered by the smoke particles, that is, the light rays simply change their direc-
tion. The residual light reaches the reflector, traverses the measuring section again, and
is attenuated again. As a result only a small portion of the light reaches the receiver. The
signal becomes smaller and the receiver circuit initiates an alarm.

Scattering Scattering

Light beam Absorption

Scatter Smoke
particles

Fig. 4 Measuring principle of the linear smoke detector with smoke


Extinction = Absorption + Scattering

40

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
2.2 Flame detector

Sensor „A” (4,1 – 4,7µm)


Sensor „B” (5 – 6µm)

Fig. 5 Flame detector S2406

The detector has two pyroelectric sensors that are sensitive in two different wave lengths.
The first sensor „A” responds to infrared-active flame gases in the characteristic CO2-
spectral range from 4,1 to 4,7µm, which is produced by the combustion of carbon
containing materials.
The second sensor „B” measures the infrared energy in the wave length region 5 to 6µm,
that are emitted by interference sources (for example, sunlight, artificial light, radiant
heaters).
Signals with a typical flame flicker frequency of 2 to 20Hz are compared in the electronic
circuit for amplitude and phase coincidence. When the infrared energy is emitted by
flames, the signal amplitude of the first sensor is much greater than in the second sensor,
and an alarm is actuated.
By contrast, a vibrating, hot body (for example, motor) produces a synchronous signal in
channels „A” and „B”. Because in this case the signal amplitude in channel „A” is smaller
than in channel „B”, no alarm is actuated. If a flame occurs at the same time, a non-
synchronous signal is generated on channel „A” which immediately initiates an alarm.
The sensitivity and response integration time can be adapted to local conditions in two
steps by means of a switch.

A B
Spectral radiation intensity

A Sensitivity range „A”


B Sensitivity range „B”

Flames
Artificial light
Sunlight
Hot body

2,5 3 4 5 6 µm
Wave lenght

Fig. 6 Relative spectra of flames and spurious radiation

41

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Conditions for alarm initiation:
Ratio channel A:B >> 1 (signals synchronous or asynchronous)
Ratio channel A:B ≥ 1 (signals asynchronous)
Chan- Signal strength Synchronous Ratio
Radiation source nel Alarm
(with modulation 2-20 Hz) signal? A:B
Artificial light
A
~1 no
B
Sunlight
A
~1 no
B
Hot body
A
~1 no
B
Flame with
A
>>1 yes
carbonac. material B
A
+ >>1 yes
B
A ≥1
+ yes
B
Fig. 7 Detector logic

42

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
2.3 Heat detectors

Fixed temperature detectors


Fixed temperature detectors evaluate the maximum temperature at which an alarm is to
be actuated.
Temperature

Alarm
Alarm Alarm Alarm
threshold threshold

No
Normal alarm
Time

Fig. 8 Operating principle of a fixed temperature detector

Such detectors are designed to operate either with a thermistor, a fusible link, bimetal
strip or expansion fluid. They frequently do not comply with EN54 standards.
Heat detectors detect flaming fires that actuate an alarm when a predetermined maxi-
mum temperature is exceeded at the detector. They are suitable for detecting open fires
where a rapid increase in the temperature can be expected, and in areas where a faster
responding detector cannot be used.

Rate-of-rise temperature detectors


Rate-of-rise temperature detectors evaluate the rate of temperature increase per unit of
time (°C/min) at which an alarm is to be actuated.
Rate-of-rise temperature detectors are designed to operate with a thermistor, electrical
resistance cable, or expansion liquid.
Temperature
Alarm
NTC1 No
measuring resistor alarm

NTC2
reference resistor Normal

Time

Fig. 9 Operating principle of a rate-of-rise temperature detector with thermistors


(NTC resistors)

The detector sensor consists of two NTC resistors which form part of a Wheatstone
bridge. NTC1 is exposed to the ambient air immediately in front of the detector, whereas
NTC2 is located inside the detector housing. If in the event of a fire the ambient
temperature increases relatively rapidly, the resistance value of NTC1 falls faster than
that of NTC2. If a predetermined threshold is exceeded, an alarm is actuated.
If as a result of a very slow rise in temperature the resistance of NTC1 and NTC2
decreases equally, an alarm is actuated when the maximum temperature determined by
a third resistor is reached.
Rate-of-rise detectors detect flaming fires that cause a temperature rise within a given
unit of time and are, therefore, suited to the detection of flaming fires.

43

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
3 Sensor signal evaluation

Detectors with collective address


Collectively addressed detectors are usually designed with a single sensor.
The sensor signal is amplified and if the alarm threshold is exceeded, the alarm is trans-
mitted either directly or with a fixed delay to the system control unit where they are
processed.
The system control unit can identify only the line on which the alarming detector is lo-
cated. The responding detector can be identified only by observing the response indica-
tor on the detector itself.
Sensor signal
Alarm

Alarm
threshold
No alarm

Time

Fig. 10 Sensor signal evaluation

Detectors with individually identifiable address


Addressable detectors can be equipped with either a single or multiple sensors.
The sensor contains the necessary electronics for evaluating the sensor signal and for
transmitting it as an analog value to the system control unit. The signals are transmitted
sequentially, that is, one detector after another on a given line.
The sensitivity is automatically adjusted to compensate for increasing sensor contamina-
tion.
In the control unit the analog signals of each detector are evaluated and compared with
preprogrammed values. In this way different detector states can be defined such as pre-
alarm, alarm, fault, contamination, etc.
With individual detector addressing the control unit can determine the status and location
of each detector.

Alarm
(normal sensitivity) Danger information
Centrally selectable / detector specific
H Sensitivity
Alarm H Alarm verification
Detector signal

(high sensitivity) H Logical combination of multiple detectors

Warning Drift signal


Normal (contamination)

Diagnostic information

Fault
(defect)

Seconds Detector life Years

Fig. 11 Signal evaluation principle

44

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Neuronal detectors with algorithms
A neuronal detector is a multicriteria detector.
With the aid of algorithms the phenomena detected by the sensor are broken down into
mathematical components and compared with the programmed standard values.
The algorithm’s characteristic is defined by means of parameters. By choosing a suitable
parameter the detector is specifically adapted to the fire phenomena and environmental
influences to be expected.
This results in a dynamic detection behavior. The signal response is monitored and
compared over the entire period of time during which the fire phenomena are present.
The signal response refers to the totality of all measurable variables:
Measured value Sensor-signal (amplitude, for example, smoke signal).
Gradient Change of the measured value per unit of time (dynamic
behavior, ∆ of the smoke concentration).
Fluctuation Small but rapid changes, static fluctuations of the measured
value (noise, transient phenomena).
Algorithms Arithmetic rules adapted to the situation by means of
parameters.
Each detector is equipped with a microprocessor that controls the signal responses.
Traditional sequential data processing is not fast enough for this purpose. For the com-
plex signal analysis large quantities of data must be processed in short intervals.
This can be achieved with the aid of a neuronal network. All logical combinations are con-
tinually linked to all others which means that the incoming data can be processed simulta-
neously at many levels.
A neuronal detector achieves a high detection reliability and extreme deception
immunity.

Sensor signals Typical Analysis, interpretation


Result
characteristics & sample comparison

Signal strength

%/m

Rate of rise
Optical sensor
t
Smoke density Danger
development Signal
fluctuation level

Signal strength

°C Diagnostic
level
Rate of rise
Heat-sensor
t
Temperature
development Signal
fluctuation

Algorithms

Fig. 12 Signal processing in the neuronal smoke detector PolyRex

45

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
4 Scope of monitoring
Basically complete monitoring of all fire compartments should be aimed at. Limiting the
monitoring to specific fire compartments (some with complete monitoring) or specific
rooms or groups of rooms (partial monitoring) is only sensible in exceptional cases.
For complete (or partial) monitoring also the following areas must be monitored:
Elevator, transport and light shafts which due to their structure or accumulation of
combustible material represent a fire risk.
Cable ducts and shafts if these are accessible or if they are located close to other
sectors that have no fire seal 1 ).
Supply shafts of sanitary and heating installations if these are accessible or if they are
located close to other sectors that have no fire seal 1 ).
Rooms for ventilation and air-conditioning systems, as well as air intake and exhaust ducts.
Chutes and shafts for materials and waste and their collection containers.
Cabinets and structures that are large enough that a person can crawl in.
Covered loading docks with protruding roof if these have no fire seal to the monitored
sector 1 ).
Storage areas under a protruding roof if these have no fire seal to the monitored sector 1 ).
Areas below galleries.
Hollow spaces above suspended ceilings and below raised floors (as shown in the
following table).
Hollow spaces above suspended ceilings with uniformly distributed openings that
make up over 50% of the total ceiling surface and can consequently be regarded as part
of the room below.
Zones created in rooms by racks and other installations if the remaining clearance to
the ceiling is less than 0.5m.

Exceptions to the monitoring rules


Sanitary installations, washrooms, toilets, if no combustible material or waste is stored
there and if the walls are constructed from non-combustible material.
Cable shafts with cable seals at each floor, provided no electrical switching elements or
emergency-off switches are located in these shafts.
Rooms that are protected by automatic extinguishing systems, that have at least a fire-
resistive insulation, and where no special benefit is gained from automatic monitoring.
Hollow spaces above suspended ceilings and below raised floors that are constructed
as a zone without monitoring.
Depending on the situation (to be decided on a case-by-case basis) the following
elements may be precluded from the monitoring:
Separate storage tank rooms that are isolated by fire walls.
Civil defense rooms which in time of peace are not used for any other purpose.
Separate, private living quarters that are isolated by fire walls.
Freezing chambers and cold storage rooms with an area of less than 50m2.
Separate battery rooms that are isolated by fire walls 1 ).

1) = Structural compartmentation is considered to be fire-resistive if it can withstand a fire for at least 30 to 90


minutes.

46

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Monitoring in hollow spaces

Characteristic of hollow space Type of monitoring in this secondary area


Inaccessible or accessible but containing no
combustible material or source of ignition or None
few and fire-protected electrical installations
(at least self-extinguishing)
Accessible, containing electrical installations Selective monitoring along the electrical
with cable troughs that are concentrated in a installations
specific location
or or
Built-in electrical equipment (for example, Equipment monitoring of the built-in electrical
servo motors) equipment
Accessible and containing a large number of Room monitoring (complete monitoring of the
distributed electrical installations hollow space)
Other/additional hollow-space characteristics To be determined in each case based on the
that influence the fire hazard fire risk (probability of a fire break-out and its
consequences)

47

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
5 Zones with fixed extinguishing systems
Fixed extinguishing systems should be installed in zones where:
Rapid fire development and spread is highly likely (storage areas for solvents and
plastics, etc..
The building structure has inadequate fire resistance (for example, danger of collapse
due to unprotected steel structures).
There is a high concentration of valuable property, or where costly damage can occur
and additional risk-reducing measures are needed (EDP systems, switchgear, etc.).
In such zones a fire detection systems should also be installed:
if the automatic extinguishing system alone cannot achieve the protection objectives,
if called for by the type of extinguishing system (pre-action sprinkler system, deluge
system, gas extinguishing system etc.).
Depending on the fire development there can be a considerable difference in the time
between the response of the fire detection system and the sprinkler system. In order to
reduce the fire risk and fire damage it is often advisable to employ both systems in such
zones.

48

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
6 Choosing a suitable detector system
Which detectors need to be specified where, depends on the
Monitoring category or the general monitoring objectives of the fire detection system,
Room height,
Environmental conditions, including deceptive phenomena.

6.1 Choosing a detector for normal applications


Normally a smoke detector can be chosen based on the following table, provided that
disturbance variables are minor and occur only rarely. The principal criteria for choosing a
detector and parameter set or sensitivity are the monitoring objective and the assess-
ment of the fire risk exposure.

Projection / Detectors
Monitoring monitoring objective
category Thermo-
Detection of: OptoRex PolyRex Rex

I – Flaming incipient fire w l l

– Flaming incipient fire


II – Smoldering incipient fire l l m
(desired)

– Flaming incipient fire


III – Smoldering incipient fire
l w –

l Optimally suited w Suited m Conditionally suited – Unsuited

Influence of the room height


With increasing room height the influence of the fire phenomena weakens which means
that more sensitive detectors must be installed.
Room Suitable detector type Suitability
height Flaming fire Smoldering fire
≤6m Heat detector (cl. 2) l –
≤7,5m Heat detector (cl. 1) l –
≤12m Smoke detector l l
12–20m Smoke detector with „increased” sensitivity l w
or
Linear smoke detector l l
≤20m Flame detector l –

l Optimally suited w Suited – Unsuited

49

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
6.2 Choosing the appropriate AlgoRex detector
Three different detector series are available:
DS115.. Interactive detector system
DS113.. AnalogPLUS detector system
DS110.. Collective detector system
Each of these systems has its own special characteristics and is suited to specific
applications.

System Characteristics Applications

Interactive – Freely programmable adjustment of – Demanding system engineering of


the response behavior any size
– Optimum detection reliability – Where transient or continuous in-
– Also usable under critical ambient terference is present which could
conditions cause a false alarm
– High immunity to soiling – With direct alarm link to the fire
– Immune to electromagnetic, electrical department
and optical interference signals – Wherever the prevention of false
– Individual addressing alarms has top priority
– Microprocessor controlled electronics
– Transmits 4 danger levels
– Automatic self test
– Remote diagnostic capability
– Loop line with T branches

AnalogPLUS – Evaluation of two response – Normal system engineering


sensitivities – Large systems
– Very good detection reliability – For rarely occurring deceptive
– Immune to ambient influences phenomena that can cause false
– Electronics with integrated circuit alarms
(ASIC) – Alerting of the fire department with
– Individual addressing CAC
– Drift signal
– Detector monitoring
– Loop line with module for T branch

Collective – One response sensitivity for a wide – Easy system engineering


application range – Small, easily manageable
– Good detection reliability systems
– Monitored line – Few potential interferences that
– Compatible with existing CERBERUS could cause false alarms
control units – No direct alerting of the fire de-
– Electronics with integrated circuit partment
(ASIC)
– Stub line
– Favorably priced

50

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
6.3 Suitability by application
Application Collective AnalogPLUS Interactive
Offices l l l
Residential premises w 1) w 2) l
Conference rooms w 1) w 2) l
Hospital rooms w 1) w 2) l
Smoker’s corners, smoker’s rooms w 1) w 2) l
Cleaning closets l l l
Corridors w 1) w 2) l
Staircases l l l
Attics, unheated l l l
Sales rooms, large w 1) w 2) l
Sales rooms, small w 1) w 2) l
Museum rooms l l l
Exhibition halls w l l
Restaurants – w 2) l
Kitchens – w 4) w 4)
Pantries w l l
Cold storage rooms w 5, 6) w 5, 6) w 5, 6)
Cheese ripening rooms, cheese cellars w 5, 6) w 5, 6) w 5, 6)
Telephone exchanges w l l
EDP rooms w l l
Switchgear rooms w l l
Power supply ducts, dry w l l
Power supply ducts, moist w 5, 6) w 5, 6) w 5, 6)
Heating rooms w l l
Print shops – w l
Spinning mills – w l
Weaving mills – w l
Carpentry shops – w l
Clean industrial buildings and warehouses l l l
(for example, electronics, foodstuffs)
Dusty industrial buildings and warehouses – w l
(for example, paper, textile)
Dirty industrial buildings and warehouses – – w
(for example, tires, foundry, steel)
Warehouse with electrical and/or gas l l l
operated vehicles
Warehouse with diesel operated vehicles – – w
Passenger car garages w 1) w 2) l
Truck/bus garages – w 2, 3) w 3)
Legend:
l Optimally suited 1) Alarm reconfirmation (Pulse memory) required
w Suited 2) Integration required
– Unsuited 3) Switch-off during cold start
4) Recommendation: ThermoRex, max. temperature 80°C
5) Detector heating
6) Other detection systems may possibly have to be used,
for example, air sampling smoke detectors, heat cables, etc.

51

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Examining the environmental influences
Detectors may not be exposed to inadmissible environmental influences. The following
influences are particularly critical for
Smoke detectors: Smoke, dust, steam and other aerosols produced by work processes
Heat detector: All heat sources
Flame detector: Modulated heat radiation, sunlight

52

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
7 Number and arrangement of point-type
detectors
In many countries the number and arrangement of point-type detectors is regu-
lated by specific guidelines. This must be given priority in all cases.

All Detector types


The fire phenomena evaluated for an alarm (smoke, heat, radiation) have different
spreading properties. For this reason the number of detectors required (or the monitoring
area per detector) is largely influenced by the spreading characteristics of the corre-
sponding fire phenomena.
Heat
(convection)

Smoke

Radiation

Seat of fire

Fig. 13 Different spreading characteristics of different fire phenomena

Each room to be monitored must contain at least one automatic detector. Smoke and
heat detectors are mounted on the ceiling or wherever the fire phenomena are expected
to spread and accumulate. Flame detectors require a direct line of sight to every likely fire
source and are preferably installed high up in the corners of a room.
The detector arrangement must be adapted to the prevailing features of the room such as
ceiling construction, room division (wall recesses, etc.), furnishings, fittings, etc.
Other aspects to be taken into account:
The corresponding fire phenomenon (smoke/heat/radiation) must be able to reach the
detector
Foreseeable deceptive phenomena
Foreseeable mechanical influences (vibration, etc.)
Correct testing and replacement

53

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
7.1 Monitoring area per smoke detector
The monitoring area (AM) is determined as a function of the room height and the fire hazard.
Room height
h [m]

25
20
15
12
9
7
6
5
4
3

3 2 1 AM [m2]
1 Monitoring area per smoke
detector
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

Fire hazard levels / areas: 1 Low fire hazard


2 Medium fire hazard
3 High fire hazard

Fig. 14 Monitoring area per smoke detector as a function of the room height and fire
hazard level

Area 2 can be chosen for most applications.


Area 1 should only be chosen if
all danger to life can be precluded,
no valuable or irreplaceable property is stored in the corresponding room,
the fire risk is low,
other fire protection measures virtually preclude fire spread,
no smoke logging, in particular by corrosive fission products, can occur in adjacent areas.
Area 3 is recommend if
serious danger to life exists,
valuable and/or irreplaceable property is stored in the corresponding room,
the loss of material property and installations would threaten the economic existence of
the owner of the premises,
the fire risk is classified as „high”.

7.2 Monitoring area for point-type heat detectors


The monitoring area depends on the size of the room to be monitored and the slope of the
ceiling. Typical values are 20m2 to 40m2 per heat detector.

54

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
7.3 Monitoring area for point-type flame detectors
The flame detector should always be mounted in the high corner of the room at an angle
of 45°. It monitors a cube with a side length a.
The room to be monitored is subdivided into one or several cubes. These are monitored
by a detector that is installed in an angle of 45° on a vertical axis. The side length a of the
cube depends on the expected conditions such as flame size, room height, visibility
conditions, etc. For detailed planning please consult your national or regional Cerberus
office.

max. mounting height = a

45°

45°

Fig. 15 Monitored cube with side length a

55

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
8 Number and arrangement of manual call points
Manual call points must be installed in intervals of not more than 40m in clearly visible
locations along the escape routes, for example, in corridors, staircases, lift foyers, en-
trance halls, hose cabinets, and particularly hazardous areas.

Manual call point ≤40m ≤40m


Hose cabinet

>40m

Fig. 16 Arrangement of manual call points along escape routes

56

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
9 Number and arrangement of linear smoke
detectors
Between the transmitter and the reflector there must be a continuous line of sight.

Detector Reflector
5m ... 100m

Fig. 17 Admissible monitoring distances

To ensure that smoldering fires with weak thermal convection can be detected in tall
rooms, the detector must be installed in such a way that the IR beam is at the height at
which the smoke will presumably spread.

Detector Reflector

Detector Reflector
3m up to 60%
of room hight

Fig. 18 Arrangement of detectors at two different levels for detecting flaming and
smoldering fires in tall rooms

Maximum monitoring width


With increasing room height the monitoring width can be increased.
(m) Room height or installation height
20
15
12 If the monitoring beam is set at a low level
10 so that smoldering fires can be detected,
8 the distance from the floor to the detector
rather than the room height is the width
6 controlling factor. For higher risks also a
smaller monitoring width may be se-
lected.
4

3
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 (m)
Max. monitoring width

Fig. 19 Monitoring width as a function of the room height

57

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
10 Air sampling smoke detection systems (ASD)
ASD-Duct ASD-Mono

ÌÌ
HSD

Ñ Ó
Ó

Ñ
Ñ Ñ
ASD-Flex
ASD-Mono

Ñ ÌÌ
Fig. 20 Application example of an air sampling smoke detection system

An air sampling smoke detection system can detect even the smallest fires in equipment
before serious damage occurs. To stop the spread of fire it often suffices to switch off the
equipment. Air sampling smoke detectors are a valuable supplement to conventional
room detectors because they are an efficient means for preventing fire damage and inter-
ruption of operations.
Possible applications are
Telephone exchanges,
Computer rooms,
Switching and control installations,
Clean rooms and the like.
Other applications include room monitoring.

58

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
10.1 Air sampling smoke detection system ASD Duct
The air sampling smoke detection unit ASD Duct is a passive system without its own fan.
It is designed for monitoring existing ventilation systems for traces of smoke. However,
monitoring is only possible as long as the ventilation remains in operation and the air is
circulating. For this reason an ASD Duct can supplement but not replace a conventional
fire detection system. Due to the strong dilution of the smoke the response sensitivity is
usually far below that of a point-type detector.
Only one smoke detector can be installed in the ASD Duct.

Fig. 21 Principle of the air sampling smoke detection unit ASD Duct.

10.2 Air sampling smoke detection system ASD Mono


The air sampling smoke detection system ASD Mono is an active unit that is equipped
with its own fan. The air samples are transported via a fixed pipe network to the sampling
chamber. ASD Mono is an ideal supplement to conventional fire detection systems. It is
particularly suitable for monitoring individual pieces of equipment and smaller rooms.
Activation of the extinguishing system and shut-down of the power to the equipment is
controlled by the fire detection system control unit.
Only one smoke detector can be installed in the ASD Mono system.
The preferred fields of application for ASD Mono are individual switching and control
cabinets, EDP equipment including closed machines and ceiling voids, as well as other

ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
not easily accessible rooms and areas with a small volume.

ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
Pipe system

ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ Sampling holes

ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
Airflow sensor

ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
Smoke detector

ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
Active detector AD1

ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
Fan

ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
Fig. 22 Air sampling smoke detection system ASD Mono (AD1)

59

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
10.3 Air sampling smoke detection system ASD Flex
The air sampling smoke detection system is also an active system with built-in fan. It is
especially designed for the varied requirements of ventilated equipment. Preferred
applications are the monitoring of forced ventilated electronic cabinets, computer
equipment, and similar installations.
The detection unit is installed directly above or on top of the equipment to be monitored.
The suction funnels are connected to the detection unit by a flexible tube. Due to their
flexible design they can be installed without any modification to the equipment to be moni-
tored. The electrical connection of the detection unit to the system control unit is estab-
lished via a distribution box and special, flexible cables. This system is highly adaptable
and can be easily modified if the equipment configuration or location changes. The air-
flow within the flexible tube is monitored.
The detection unit is equipped with two optical smoke detectors, one of which can be set
to a different response sensitivity. An integrated heat detector (rate of rise and maximum
temperature) is available as an option. This makes the ASD flex a universal detection
system with accurate status and fire location indication and differentiated alarm evalua-
tion capability. Power switch-off to the monitored equipment can be initiated directly by
the detection unit whereas the extinguishing system is activated by the fire detection
system control unit.
BD5

EDP equipment

ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
Fig. 23 Air sampling smoke detection system ASD flex (BD5)

Fire detection control unit Detection units BD5

Zone distribution box GVK- . . under the raised floor

Fig. 24 Air sampling smoke detection system ASD Flex

60

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
10.4 Air sampling smoke detection system ASD Modular

The air sampling smoke detection system ASD modular is also an active system with its
own fan. It is a very efficient system that is available in various capacity stages. The air
samples are transported via fixed suction tubes to the sampling chamber. In addition to
the fire detectors in the air sampling chamber, detection equipment can be installed di-
rectly in suitable locations of the air sampling tubes. With this arrangement it is possible to
divide large monitoring areas into smaller areas that are easier to keep under surveil-
lance. This makes it easier to locate the seat of the fire which is advantageous for system-
atic shutdown of power to the monitored equipment. It also allows the automatic extin-
guishing system to be activated precisely where needed.

Air sampling measurement chamber MP2424

3 3 3 3

6
5 ø 25

4 4 6
5 ø 32
∅ 40 ∅ 40 5
ø 25

6 6
5 ø 25

7
6xø6

1 Display / operation and connections


2 Airtight metal housing with fan
3 Main smoke detector
4 Main tubes
5 Air sampling tubes with suction openings
6 Detection unit BDA2400 with smoke detector
7 Detection unit BDA2410 with smoke detector

Fig. 25 Air sampling smoke detection system ASD modular

61

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
A multistage alarm concept can be implemented by installing the detection equipment in
different locations. In addition smoke detectors with different response sensitivities can
be installed in the detection units, that is, standard smoke detectors with normal or in-
creased sensitivity, or high-sensitivity smoke detectors. In each of the four main tubes the
airflow is monitored separately.
For special applications a detection unit equipped with an HSD (high sensitivity detector)
can be used.
Due to its modular design the air sampling smoke detection system ASD modular is
suited to a broad range of applications. Typical applications are EDP systems and rooms,
including infrastructure equipment, telephone exchanges and control centers, electrical
distribution systems, measurement, control and regulation systems, clean rooms, etc.

BDA2400
BDA2400

MP2424

Single detector
monitoring

Dual detector
monitoring

BDA2400
ÍÍÍÍ
ÍÍÍÍ
ÍÍÍÍ BDA2400

BDA2400

BDA2400

Fig. 26 Typical monitoring of control cabinets with ASD modular

62

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
10.5 Typical applications
System ASD Duct ASD Mono ASD Flex ASD Modular
Application Standard HSD
Ventilation systems (supply air, exhaust air, circulation ducts of air-condi-
tioning and ventilation systems)
Electrical and electronic cabinets, EDP equipment, printer systems and
the like
– cabinet/equipment1), not ventilated
– cabinet/equipment1), with forced ventilation2)
EDP installations (medium to large)
EDP power supply
EDP air-conditioning system
EDP rooms (room monitoring) 3)
EDP-automated data filing systems
Raised floors, suspended ceilings
– small volume
– large volume
Telephone exchanges and control centers 3)
Power distribution systems
Measurement, control and regulation systems
CNC machines / industrial robots
Machines / equipment / devices
– in closed housings
Inaccessible rooms / zones
– small volume
– large volume
Clean rooms, for example, for semiconductor production
Tall rooms, e.g.:
– covered courts / buildings with atrium
– aircraft hangars
– machine rooms (highly sensitive processes)
Automatic parking garages 5)
High bay storage systems 4)
Operating theaters (hospitals) 5) 5)
Highly sensitive electrical equipment such as flight simulators, high-per-
formance computers
Historic buildings with valuable exhibitions or galleries 5) 5)
Archives, warehouses containing valuable works of art or documents 5) 5)
Vital installations in nuclear power stations 5) 5)
Rooms with electromagnetic sources of interference (EMI) 5) 5)
Sterile rooms
Rooms with high levels of radioactivity
Anechoic rooms (acoustics) 5)
Rooms with no possibility of installing point-type detectors
Rooms with heavy condensation (possibly with additional equipment)

1) Equipment: Unit within a housing, possibly with own power supply


2) Forced ventilation: Removal of the heat produced by the equipment by means of exhaust fan or positive pressure in the room air-conditioning
system
3) In addition to point-type detectors on the ceiling, for example, in case of high air change rates
4) If smoke sensitive products are stored such as foodstuffs, textiles, medicines, etc.
5) If point-type detectors cannot be used

63

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
64

Fire & Security Products sect4


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Section 5 Fire detection control units

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
2. Siting the control unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3. Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
4. AlgoControl fire detection system control unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
4.1. Evaluation – Alarm – Operation – Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4.2. Configuration and structure of the fire detection system control unit . . . . . . . 71
5. Alarm concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
5.1. Cerberus alarm concept (CAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
6. Fire control facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
6.1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

65

Fire & Security Products sect5


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
1 Introduction
The fire detection system control unit offers a variety of fire control and operating facili-
ties. It has an alarm organization that can be optimally adapted to any situation. Due to its
modular design the system can be configured to specific application requirements.

Control unit with integrated operating facility

Control unit with remote control console

Fig. 1 Operation of the fire detection system control unit

66

Fire & Security Products sect5


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
2 Siting the control unit
The control unit should be installed in a room near the main entrance of the area to be
monitored, or at the entrance used for access by the fire department. If this is not feasible
for technical reasons, the remote display and operating terminals can be used and placed
accordingly.
If, due to the system size, several control units are required, they are usually
decentralized in order to keep the line network to the fire detectors and to the alarm and
control equipment as short as possible. Each control unit functions autonomously. The
signals of autonomous fire detection control units can be combined in a danger manage-
ment system (see Section 8).

3 Power supply
Two independent power sources must be available and both be calculated in such away
that if one source fails, full operation of the system and the alarm equipment can be main-
tained for a specific length of time.
One of the two power sources must be a permanent mains supply, the other a battery or
comparable source.
Power from the mains (primary source) must be supplied from a separate, fuse-protected
feeder.
Equipment that is not part of the fire detection system may not be connected to the
system’s power supply.
The battery autonomy must be sufficient to permit full operation of the fire detection
system during the emergency operation time (according to local regulations), as well as
full operation of the alarm devices for at least 30 minutes.
In view of the requirements of fault signal detection and troubleshooting we recommend
the following emergency power autonomy:
Emergency power
Emergency power criterion
autonomy
– Without fault signal transmission 72 h
– With fault signal transmission, but with continually staffed 12 h
in-house signal receiving station
– With fault signal transmission, line not monitored 24 h
– With fault signal transmission, line monitored 12 h
– Uninterruptible mains connection (for example, emergency die- 4h
sel generator for 24 h operation) and fault signal transmission

67

Fire & Security Products sect5


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
4 AlgoControl fire detection system control unit
The control unit is the interaction point between the operator and the AlgoRex system.
The allocation of the „competence” between the fire detectors and the control unit is
clearly defined in AlgoRex.
Via the detector bus or detector line the AlgoControl unit receives the signals from auto-
matic fire detectors, manual call points, and input modules, and performs the
decentralized control functions, for example, via the output modules.
The following detector systems can be connected to the control units of the CS1140 family:
Interactive smoke detectors with AlgoLogic, series DS1150
Addressable fire detectors AnalogPLUS, series DS1130
Collective fire detectors, series DS1100
It is also possible to integrate existing system components with detectors of the series
MS7, MS9, MS24.

AlgoRex fire detectors with AlgoLogic, DS1150 series


AlgoLogic is a unique evaluation and decision logic that is based on algorithms. It
achieves maximum detection reliability and is able to clearly distinguish between true fire
phenomena and deceptive phenomena.

Interactive detector bus for fire detectors


with AlgoLogic, Series DS1150

AlgoRex fire detectors AnalogPLUS, DS1130 series


Addressable detector system with centrally selectable detector sensitivity and intelligent
signal processing (alarm verification, comparison and evaluation of signals from several
detectors).

Addressable detector bus for fire


detectors AnalogPLUS, Series DS1130

AlgoRex fire detectors, collective, DS1100 series


Conventional technology with respect to communication and signal evaluation (one
address per detection line, only alarm signaling). The detectors have the same high-
quality sensor system as the other AlgoRex detectors.

Collective detection line for fire detec-


tors series DS1100

68

Fire & Security Products sect5


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
AlgoControl „black box” and AlgoPilot terminals
In the operation of the AlgoRex system the AlgoControl signal processing unit plays an
important role even though it does not have to be installed in a prominent place. As an
electronic black box it is usually put into the electrical control center or another technical
room.
The user works with the convenient AlgoPilot terminal which can be installed in the most
convenient location, for example, at the fire department access road, so that the arriving
fire fighting squad can immediately obtain an accurate picture of the situation.
Depending on the risk and protection concept more than one AlgoPilot terminal can be
connected to the AlgoControl signal processing unit via a communications loop. This
data bus between AlgoControl and AlgoPilot consists of a highly fail-save and supervised
data transmission channel that is immune to short circuits and interruptions.

ALARM

AlgoPilot control console

AlgoPilot CT11

C-Bus Alarm devices

Alarm receiving center (for example,


fire department)
CPU

Fire control installations


I-Bus

Line Control
module module Autonomous extinguishing sector

Mains Fire detection control unit AlgoControl


Periphery according to VdS:
FBF Fire department control panel
FSK
HM Fire department key box
Main fire alarm box
Service PC Printer

Fig. 2 Principle of the AlgoControl fire detection system control unit with AlgoPilot con-
trol console

69

Fire & Security Products sect5


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
4.1 Evaluation – Alarm – Operation – Control
The AlgoControl fire detection system control unit can be configured either with an inte-
grated or a remotely installed AlgoPilot control console.
The principal functional characteristics of the control unit are:
Parameter driven organization logic
Complete freedom in the adaptation of the control unit organization to changing cus-
tomer requirements is ensured.
Programmable control outputs
For fire control operations user-programmable control outputs are available in the con-
trol unit. Driver and/or relay outputs are available.
Reliable emergency power supply
Optimum charging and extended life of the emergency power batteries by using
manufacturer-specific, parameter-driven charging characteristics.
Real-time clock
Automatic summer/winter changeover by the integrated real-time clock that has its own
buffer battery.
Event memory
Up to 1000 events can be stored and retrieved chronologically and by information cate-
gory.
Integrated emergency operation function
Emergency operation functions are integrated in the main function modules. This
means that in the event of a component failure the system is still able to signal a fire
alarm.
Extinguishing section activation
An extinguishing section can be activated via the „extinguishing” control module. A con-
trol unit can handle several extinguishing sections.
The concept of decentralized intelligence has also been systematically implemented in
the design of the signal processing unit and the operator terminal; both are completely
autonomous with respect to the functions they fulfil. For this reason each unit can be
installed wherever it best fulfils its functions.
This clear concept of functional segregation greatly increases the reliability and availabil-
ity of the system. The main criteria for the design of the user interface of AlgoRex or Algo-
Pilot were the user and operator requirements. Due to the diversity of data and the visual-
ization of the information contents such a man-machine interface requires sophisticated
communications capabilities.

70

Fire & Security Products sect5


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
4.2 Configuration and structure of the fire detection system control unit
The AlgoControl unit is configured largely in accordance with the logical system struc-
ture. Detailed planning and configuration information can be found in the Cerberus con-
trol unit manual CS11.

4.2.1 System overview

AlgoRex S11

DS11 Detector system CS1140 Control unit system

OptoRex

AlgoControl AlgoPilot
DO11..

PolyRex

Communication bus
Detector bus

DOT11..
Planning and
ThermoRex maintenance

DT11..

AlgoWorks

Characteristics
High selective detection capability,
Menu-driven operator guidance,
Distributed intelligence,
Independent bus systems (detector bus / communications bus),
Individual evaluation algorithms,
Parameter downloading,
Automatically recognizable detector replacement,
Unrestricted address assignment,
High configuration flexibility,
Manufactured according to ecologically compatible principles,
Compatibility with existing installations,
High system availability and quality,
Simple maintenance.

71

Fire & Security Products sect5


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
4.2.2 System structure
AlgoRex has a logical and a physical structure. The logical structure is completely sepa-
rate from the physical structure which allows greater flexibility. The display and operation
are governed by geographic and organizational aspects and are consequently indepen-
dent of the actual hardware installation of the detector network.

Logical structure

(e.g. main building)


Area

e.g. 1st floor

Section

Zone e.g. room 104

address e.g. interactive, collective


Element point in room

Device e.g. DO1151

72

Fire & Security Products sect5


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Logical and physical structure
As the following example shows the AREA (alarm organization level, usually a building) is
the highest logical level.

Geographic features (building structure)

2nd floor

1st floor

ground floor
Main building 1st floor Room 104

Logical structure:
The logical structure is an
Area Main
building image of the geographic fea-
tures of an installation. It can

Logical structure
be flexibly adapted to the
building structure, room uti-
Section Ground 1st floor 2nd floor
floor
lization, etc.
The logical structure is inde-
pendent of the line routing
Ware- Recep- Room Room Room EDP- within the detector network.
Zone house tion 102 103 104
Canteen
Room

Element Linking:
The lowest levels of the two
structures are logically linked
Linking to each other. This linking de-
termines which physical de-
vices (e.g. detectors) are
Device installed in which geographic
(e.g. detector) location.
D-Bus
Physical structure

Function unit
(e.g. line module) Physical structure:
The physical structure is an
I-Bus image of the hardware. It re-
sults from the hardware instal-
lation.
Station C-Bus
Operator terminal Control unit

73

Fire & Security Products sect5


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
4.2.3 Product range
With AlgoRex fire detection systems can be tailored to the user’s requirements. Three
different detector series and 2 different fire detection system control units are available.
The fire detector series and control unit are selected on the basis of the application re-
quirements and/or the system size.

Detector series DS11 Control units CS11


Collective DS110. Stand-alone CS1110 / CS1115
DO1101 DT1101 / DT1102
AlgoControl

– Collective-signal
– Limit comparator technology
CI1110 /
CI1115
AnalogPLUS DS113.

DO1131 DOT1131 DT1131 – For small to medium systems


– With collective or analog addressable detectors

Network compatible CS1140

– Single-detector signal AlgoControl


– Multi-detector logic
– Drift signal

AlgoPilot
Interactive DS115.

DO1151 DOT1151 DT1152 CC1141 /


CC1142

CT1141 / CT1142

– Single-detector signal
– Individual evaluation algorithms
– Multicriteria detectors with neuronal – For small to large systems comprising one or several
network control units
– Automatic application suitability check – For collective, AnalogPLUS or interactive detectors
– Multidetector logic – Remotely installable control console

74

Fire & Security Products sect5


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
4.2.4 Topology
Depending on the detector series either stub lines, loop lines, or T-taps are possible.
Two types of control units are available: stand-alone and network compatible. In large
systems the data line between the local control console and the danger management
system is implemented as a loop line.

Stand-alone
Control unit
AnalogPLUS CS1110 / CS1115

collective CI1110 /
CI1115

Network compatible
CS1140

interactive

Control console

CC1141 / CT1141 /
CC1142 CT1142
AnalogPLUS

collective

Gateway
CK1141 /
CK1142

CI1141 /
CI1142

ÉÉ
Danger management
system terminal
ÉÉ

75

Fire & Security Products sect5


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
5 Alarm concept

General
The alarm concept must be defined individually for each installation.
Important is the quick transmission of alarm messages to the appropriate group of recipi-
ents.
Audible and visual alarm devices must generate a signal that is clearly identifiable as a
fire alarm.
The alarm devices must be connected to the emergency power supply of the fire detec-
tion system control unit and controlled via the corresponding alarm outputs.
The fire department must be alerted via a direct line that should preferably be monitored.

5.1 Cerberus alarm concept (CAC)


The Cerberus alarm concept prevents calling of the fire department for minor incidents.

The concept differentiates.:


1. Responsible personnel is present ⇒ „Day organization”
2. Responsible personnel is absent ⇒ „Night organization”

Day organization (personnel present)


When the day organization is active an alarm is initially transmitted to the responsible
personnel that investigates the situation.
If it is a serious incident the fire department is called immediately from the nearest manual
call point.
If it is a minor incident the fire is extinguished with the resources available locally and the
alarm is reset.

Night organization (personnel absent)


When the night organization is active all alarms immediately trigger an „External alarm”.

Day and night organization


When either the day or night organization is active the actuation of a manual call point or
the activation of an extinguishing system immediately triggers an „External alarm”.

Monitored sequences
The reaction of the personnel is monitored by 2 independent timer circuits. The first timer
circuit monitors the presence of the personnel, the second circuit the duration of the re-
connaissance. If no personnel is present or if the reconnaissance time is exceeded, an
„External alarm” is transmitted immediately to the fire department and the prepro-
grammed control functions are initiated.

Additional security provided by AlgoLogic


Based on the experience accumulated from a large number of fire tests, detection algo-
rithms have been created and integrated in the AlgoRex detectors. Each detector con-

76

Fire & Security Products sect5


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
tains the data for the algorithm that is optimally suited for fire detection. The detector au-
tonomously evaluates the existing danger level and transmits the result to the system
control unit. The latter validates the incoming signals based on stored values and initiates
preprogrammed decisions.
In addition the detection behavior of AlgoRex detectors is dependent on the day/night
organization state. The same applies to multidetector zones. The result of this technology
is an incomparably high alarm validity.

F
Alarm

Day / Night Day


Night organization organization

Algorithms

Supplementary benefit
Multidetector zones in alarm concept with
AlgoRex

Highest alarm validity

Local
alarm

Presence

yes Recon- yes no


Acknowledg- nais- Reset
sance Investigating Emergency
ment
no no yes

General
internal External alarm
alarm

Fig. 3 Flow diagram „Cerberus Alarm Concept” (CAC)

77

Fire & Security Products sect5


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Alarm organization and means of alarm
The operational constraints must be taken into account when specifying the alarm orga-
nization and means of alarm because the group of persons responsible for responding to
a fire alarm may vary in each case. The alarm organization and means of alarm must be
recorded in the system log book.

Alarm Purpose Means of alarm


Local specific, discreet alarm for per- – Staff paging system
alarm sons who have to investigate – Audible alarm devices in the rooms where
the alarm location the reconnaissance squad is stationed
– Coded bell signal, possibly also via staff
paging system
– System buzzer on the display and the con-
trol panel of the fire detection system
– Mobile telephone
General Specific alarm for calling out – Same as for local alarm
internal the required fire fighting crews – Generally alarm devices that are distributed
alarm all over the building through which the
members of the in-house fire brigade can
be called
– Telephonic transmission facilities for alert-
ing the fire department
Initiation of the evacuation – Separate evacuation speaker system
alarm, frequently only after through which specific instructions are
careful deliberation, in order to given
avoid panic

Specific warnings to persons in – Separate evacuation signal, e.g. intermit-


danger, e.g. floor-by-floor tent alarm signal, in case trained personnel
are present

78

Fire & Security Products sect5


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
6 Fire control facilities

6.1 General
Equipment that is part of the fire protection concept and which can be automatically con-
trolled by the fire detection system.
This includes, for example:
Switching off air-conditioning and ventilation system,
Closing fire dampers,
Closing fire doors,
Activating smoke and heat extraction systems,
Activating emergency lighting systems,
Commanding elevators to the ground floor and blocking them there,
Switching of machines and equipment of all types.
The control of such equipment must not adversely affect the fire detection system.

6.1.1 Activation of fire control facilities


The activation of fire control facilities depends on the situation prevailing in the monitored
area and must be determined individually for each installation.
In smaller fire detection systems all fire control facilities are normally activated in the
event of an alarm.
In larger fire detection systems the fire control facilities are frequently controlled on a
zone-by-zone basis and activated selectively in case of a minor alarm or general internal
alarm.
Vital installations can be controlled through multidetector zones. All controlled facilities
should move to their safe position in the event of a power failure.
For example:
Fire doors and fire dampers should close.
The functions of the fire control facilities must be documented in the system folder.

79

Fire & Security Products sect5


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
6.1.2 Activating the external control
On the switch panel of the controlled facility a signal must indicate that the fire control has
been activated by the fire detection system.
The activated facility must be restored to its normal operating state independently of the
fire detection system.

Example:
Relay contact closes in alarm condition, opens
when the alarm is reset, in exceptional cases
Fire detection system when the audible fire alarm is switched off

External control

Control voltage for ventilation


N

Fig. 4 Switching off the ventilation

6.1.3 Test mode of the fire detection system


If the fire detection system is in TEST mode, the fire control facilities may respond only if
an alarm is overriding e.g. from a manual call point.

6.1.4 Testing the fire control facility


It must be possible to test the function of the fire control operation without activating the
corresponding facility.
Switch-off button
External control
Initiation
– +

ON indicator
– +
OFF indicator

Fig. 5 OFF state indication of a fire control facility

6.1.5 Safety precautions


Depending on the type of facility or equipment, activation of the fire control operation that
can have consequences that may possibly negate the benefits of automatic initiation.
In case of doubt, manual control should be given preference over automatic control.

80

Fire & Security Products sect5


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Section 6 Line network

The following section describes the planning of the line network of a fire detection system.
National regulations must in all cases be followed even if they are not explicitly mentioned
here.

1. Installation of a fire detection system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82


2. Installation of the detection line network
2.1. Basic information on the detection line network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
2.2. Fire detectors in explosion hazard areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
3. Electromagnetic environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

81

Fire & Security Products sect6


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
1 Installation of a fire detection system

High installation flexibility


AlgoRex allows complete freedom in the design of the line network. Loop lines, stub lines
or both are feasible. It is also possible to connect different detector types to the same line.
If existing detector networks are to be integrated or expanded, unshielded twisted pairs
suffice in most cases.

Example:
Existing detector network
Modernization of existing systems with
AlgoRex; connection of existing „collec-
tive” systems:
H Loop line
H Stub line
H T-tab
Existing installations can be integrated.

Example:
New detector network
With
H Interactive detectors
H Input/output (I/O) modules
H Special detectors
H Loop lines
H Stub lines
H T-tabs
Lines: unshielded twisted pair

I O I

Fig. 1 AlgoRex fire detection system: installation and connection versions

82

Fire & Security Products sect6


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Complete freedom in the design of the interactive detection line net-
work
T-taps with individual addresses can be connected to the loop at any time (without addi-
tional equipment). This means that the line network can be designed as required by the
building structure and based on economic considerations rather than the limitations of
the system. Later additions, extensions or utilization changes are consequently easy to
implement.

Very important:
If AlgoRex is used to upgrade an existing system, no new cabling is required. Even the old
installation wires of 220V detection systems can in most cases still be used, provided the
quality of the installation conforms to current standards. AlgoRex requires shielded
cables only in very extreme situations.

Ex

I I I I/O I

Fig. 2 Complete freedom in the design of the installation network with interactive de-
tectors

83

Fire & Security Products sect6


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
2 Installation of the detection line network
Particularly important for the AlgoRex system is the reliable function of the detection net-
work. This means reliability also in case of line interruptions and short circuits which can
occur when building work is performed. With line separators in the detector and other
modules the control unit can automatically isolate the injured line segment while main-
taining the functionality of the remaining detector network. On the two-wire detector bus
the microprocessor-equipped output modules supply the decentralized fire control func-
tions; input modules allow direct connection of collective fire detectors on an interactive
line, as well as non-AlgoRex fire detectors and other signal outputs (e.g. sprinkler con-
tacts). As a rule neither the output modules nor the input modules require an external
power source.
Also shunt-Zener-diode barriers can be integrated in the detector line so that explosion
hazard rooms can be monitored with explosion-proof detectors connected to a normal
detector line.
The detector line routing capabilities for the AlgoRex system have been completely rede-
signed; priority was given to the requirements of the electrical engineer and the installer.
For example parallel branches (T-taps) which were previously not allowed, are now pos-
sible with the AlgoRex system and they are also monitored. Depending on the selected
intelligence level, ring and stub lines can be implemented as desired so that the detector
line needs to be installed only in accordance with the building requirements rather than
system limitations.
Also new with AlgoRex interactive is that the external (additional) response indicator of
the detector does not have to be connected to the corresponding detector itself; it can be
installed anywhere on the detector line or be fed by another detector. The assignment of
the indicator to the detector is programmed in the system control unit. A response indica-
tor can also be controlled by multiple detectors (e.g. multidetector zones).

2.1 Basic information on the detection line network

Separate line network


Fire detection systems must be operated via a separate line network.

Separation of signal and power lines


Despite the very high immunity of new detector systems, detector lines should preferably
be routed separately from other lines and systems in order to prevent electromagnetic
influences, (e.g. low-voltage and high-voltage cables, transmitter and high-frequency
equipment, pulse controls, lightning protection systems, etc.).

Ambient influences
The line network (dry, wet, or explosion proof) must conform to the same standard as for
electrical lighting.

Cable and wiring material


As protection against electromagnetic influences twisted cables should be used. Com-
mercially available material that is suitable for telephone or low-voltage systems
(<1000V) can be procured locally.

84

Fire & Security Products sect6


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Lines to the alarm devices
The following factors must be taken into consideration:
Maximum load rating of the alarm output in the control unit,
Maximum voltage loss 10%.

Detection line network


The fire detectors of a line are connected in series with a 2-wire line. Parallel wiring is only
possible for addressable systems (except MS9i).

Serial wiring T-taps are only possible in systems with ad-


dressable detectors

Fig. 3 Detector network

2.2 Fire detectors in explosion hazard areas


Fire detection equipment is normally installed in an intrinsically safe version.

Principle of intrinsic safety


EN50020 defines an intrinsically safe circuit as follows:
A circuit in which no sparks and no thermal effects occurring under the testing conditions
defined in this standard (which comprise normal operation and certain fault conditions)
are able to ignite a certain explosible atmosphere.
Within a system, circuits that are intrinsically safe must be separated from those which
are not intrinsically safe by means of suitable protective measures that satisfy certain re-
quirements.

Intrinsically safe installation


In general explosion hazard areas constitute only a small part of a fire detection system.
The control unit, operator terminals, etc. and large portions of the system wiring can,
therefore, be installed in accordance with normal regulations, that is, they do not have to
be intrinsically safe. Within the explosion hazard area, however, the line network and all
equipment must be intrinsically safe.
The separation between system components that are or are not intrinsically safe requires
the installation of shunt-zener-diode barriers that limit the voltage, current, and power in
the intrinsically safe circuit to non-hazardous values. We differentiate between:
Shunt-zener-diode barriers category ib: these are only applicable for zones 1 and 2
Shunt-zener-diode barriers category ia: these are applicable for zones 0, 1 and 2
At least for applications in zones 0 and 1 potential compensation is required, that is, con-
tinuous grounding of all larger construction elements that can be touched. Shunt-zener-
diode barriers without electrical isolation are to be connected on one side to the potential
compensation which in case of multiple grounding can lead to undesirable compensation
currents.

85

Fire & Security Products sect6


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Often a correct solution is only possible through electrical isolation (line coupler with
shunt-zener-diode barrier).

Typical installation of a fire detection system in an „Ex” area

Non hazardous area Explosion hazard area


Danger zones 1 and 2

Response Response
indicator Ex 1) indicator Ex

terminator Ex
FD control unit

Line
+ Ex Ex Ex
Shunt-zener-
diode barrier

System ground

Potential compensation

No detectors allowed max. 57nF / 4mH / 25 fire detectors

max. 50Ω

1) Depending on the application an evaluation shunt may be needed

Fig. 4 Fire detection system in an „Ex” area

86

Fire & Security Products sect6


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
3 Electromagnetic environment

Definition
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) means that an electrical or electronic system can
be operated within the prescribed electromagnetic environment without interference ei-
ther from or to other systems.
Particular precautions apply to the immunity of the AlgoRex system to electromagnetic
influences which in modern buildings tend to occur more frequently and more strongly.
The detector, detector base and control unit are designed in such a way that – also in the
case of AlgoRex interactive – shielding against EMI (electromagnetic influence) is re-
quired only in exceptional cases. In normal situations and in environments without EM
pollution twisted conductors suffice. Care has also been taken that the AlgoRex itself
does not emit any inadmissible electromagnetic radiation.

Sources of interference
Fire detection systems must be protected against the following sources of interference:
Strokes of lightning,
Interference pulses caused by the switching of inductive loads,
Electromagnetic influences,
Inductive and capacitive coupling,
Earth loops,
Electrostatic charging or discharging,
Radio communications,
RF interference, e.g. from RF generators, transmitters, therapy rooms, radiology de-
partments, etc.

Primary protection
Basically, each Cerberus product (detector, base, control unit) is tested during the devel-
opment stage for immunity to interference, and optimized accordingly. By means of the
built-in primary protection a large portion of possible sources of interference are elimi-
nated. However, trouble-free operation is only ensured if the equipment is installed ac-
cording to the rules of electromagnetic compatibility.

Type of Source of interference Interference location


premises
Buildings ex- Thunderstorms Complete building, especially top
posed to light- – Direct strike floors, mains leads to the control unit
ning – Strike via mains and terminals.
Hospitals and Short wave therapy and X-ray Electronic therapy rooms, radiology
nursing Microwave equipment departments, laboratories, repair
shops
Microwave oven Kitchens, snack corners
Power stations, High-voltage switchgear, Open-air high-voltage switches
substations, On/off switching of large trans- High-voltage lines
transformer formers,
stations flashover in high voltage lines
Electronics in- High-frequency generators Assembly of switching devices and ra-
dustry Impulse generators dio equipment; Insulation tests
Metal industry Large motors Metal working machines
Induction furnaces Rolling mills
Timber and pa- Induction furnace Chipboard production
per industry Motors Paper coating

87

Fire & Security Products sect6


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
88

Fire & Security Products sect6


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Section 7 Standards and approval
institutions

1. Standards for fire detection systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90


1.1. European standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
1.2. UL standards (Underwriter’s Laboratories Inc. USA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
2. Testing laboratories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
3. Certification and approval institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4. IP protection categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
5. Explosion protection types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

89

Fire & Security Products sect7


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
1 Standards for fire detection systems
The requirements to be satisfied by fire detection systems are defined in relevant
standards.

1.1 European standards


In Europe the standards are defined by CEN (European Committee for standardization)
and CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization).
The following member countries support CEN through active participation:
– Austria – Greece – Norway
– Belgium – Ireland – Portugal
– Denmark – Island – Spain
– Finland – Italy – Sweden
– France – Luxembourg – Switzerland
– Germany – Netherlands – United Kingdom

The following table lists the standards that have either been published by the European
Technical Committee CEN TC72, or are in preparation or planned. These EN standards
will be adopted by the member states as national standards:

ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
Number ÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁ
Title ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ Status Comments Time

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
schedule

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
EN54–1 Components of automatic fire detection systems: Published: Revision in preparation E95
Introduction October 76

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
EN54–2 Control and indicating equipment Voting B96

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
Á
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁ
EN54–3 Audible fire alarm devices In preparation

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
EN54–4 Power supplies Voting B96

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
EN54–5 Heat sensitive detectors – Published: Revision in preparation M96
point detectors containing a static element October 76

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
EN54–6
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
Heat sensitive detectors – Published: Will be retracted as soon as the revision –

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
rate or rise point detectors without static element of Part 5 is published
EN54–7 Smoke detectors – Published: Revision in preparation M96

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
point detectors using scattered light, transmitted July 82
light, or ionization

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
EN54–8
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
High temperature heat detectors Published: Will be retracted as soon as the revision –

ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
July 82 of Part 5 is published

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
EN54–9 Fire tests for smoke detectors Published: Will be retracted as soon as the revision –
July 82 of Part 7 is published

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
EN54–10
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
Flame detectors
ÁÁÁ In preparation M96

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
EN54–11
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
Manual call points
ÁÁÁ In preparation E96

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
EN54–12 Optical beam detectors In preparation E97

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
EN54–13 System requirements In preparation 97

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
EN54–14 Guidelines for planning, design, installation, In preparation 97
commissioning, use and maintenance

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
EN54–15
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
Point type multi-sensor fire detectors In preparation Work done in ISO / TC21 / SC23 / WG9 97

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
incorporating a smoke sensor in combination with to be submitted to parallel voting under
a heat sensor the Vienna agreement

Notes to the table:


The dates for the scheduled publications are non-binding approximate values (as of December 1995). B = beginning, M = middle, E = end of
corresponding year.

In addition to these EN standards there are country-specific standards which must also
be taken into consideration.

90

Fire & Security Products sect7


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
1.2 UL standards (Underwriters’ Laboratories Inc. USA)
UL521: Heat detectors for fire protection signalling systems
UL268: Smoke detectors for fire protection signalling systems
UL268A: Smoke detectors for duct application
UL38: Manual call points
UL864: Control units for fire protection signalling systems
UL827: Central stations for watchman, fire-alarm and supervisory systems
UL217: Single and multiple-station smoke detectors
UL985: Household fire warning system unit

91

Fire & Security Products sect7


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
2 Testing laboratories
Adherence to the standards is verified by the fire detection system industry through
performance tests in laboratories. The major testing laboratories are:
ANPI: Association Nationale pour la Protection contre l’incendie (Belgium)
CNPP: Centre National de Prévention et de Protection (France)
DELTA: DELTA Electronics Testing (Denmark)
LPC Lab: Loss Prevention Council Laboratories (UK)
VdS-Lab: Verband der Schadenversicherer e.V. (Germany)
ULI: Underwriters’ Laboratories Inc. (USA)
ULC: Underwriters’ Laboratories of Canada
FMRC: Factory Mutual Research Corporation (USA)

3 Certification and approval institutions


The certification and approval institutions are organizations that work at the national
level. Their number is correspondingly large. On request we gladly supply you with an
approval list for Cerberus products and systems.

92

Fire & Security Products sect7


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
4 IP protection categories
The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) standard 529 describes the types
of protection against penetration of water and solid objects into the housing of electrical
devices.
The following table summarizes the most frequently specified protection categories
IP = International Protection.
No
Water penetration protection
protection
<15° <60°
IP protection categories for
electrical devices according to
IEC 529
Overview

Drip water
Protection against — Spray Splash Water jet Flooding Immer- Submer-
perpen- water water sion sion
dicular inclined

IEC IP .0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8
No protection

0. IP 00

max. ø 50 mm

1. IP 10 IP 11 IP 12

Large foreign objects

max. ø 12 mm
oreign objects

2. IP 20 IP 21 IP 22 IP 23

Medium foreign objects


by fo

max. ø 2,5 mm
nst contact and penetration

3. IP 30 IP 31 IP 32 IP 33 IP 34

Small foreign objects


p

max. ø 1 mm

4. IP 40 IP 41 IP 42 IP 43 IP 44

Granular foreign obj.


Protection again

5. IP 50 IP 54 IP 55

Dust deposition

6. IP 60 IP 65 IP 66 IP 67 IP 68

Dust penetration

93

Fire & Security Products sect7


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
5 Explosion protection types
If fire detection systems are installed in explosion hazard areas, the equipment to be
installed must satisfy certain safety requirements.
For this purpose CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization)
has published the standards summarized in the table below.

Diagrams and applications for the types of protection

Types of protection / Symbol Diagram Application


Standard
Flame proof enclosure d Heavy current engineering:
EN50018 (commutator) motors,
transformers,
switching devices, lighting units, alarm
devices and other sparking devices
Pressurized enclosure p See above,
EN50016 but especially for large devices
p

ÎÎÎÎÎÎ
Oil immersion o Switching devices,
EN50015 transformers
Sand-filled enclosures
EN50017
Encapsulation
q

m
ÎÎÎÎÎÎ
ÎÎÎÎÎÎ
Transformers,
capacitors
Sealed devices
EN50028
Increased safety e Squirrel cage induction motors, termi-
EN50015 nal and connection boxes,
lighting units, current transformers,
measuring and control devices

Intrinsic safety i Low-voltage engineering:


EN50020 L Measuring and control devices,
U C ingnitable Fire detectors
atmosphere (apparatus and circuits)

94

Fire & Security Products sect7


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Section 8 Danger management systems

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
2. Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
2.1. Main functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
2.2. Other important functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
3. System concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
3.1. System structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
3.2. Specific security features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
4. Examples of danger management systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
4.1. Example 1: DMS7000 danger management system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
4.2. Example 2: System type LMSmodular (Local Monitoring System) . . . . . . . . . 103

95

Fire & Security Products sect8


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
1 Introduction
Due to the growing complexity and size of buildings and the increasing concentration of
persons and property, the building owner is confronted with ever higher risks. This re-
quires better and more comprehensive protection. In most cases larger buildings and in-
frastructures are equipped with complex security systems which comprise, for example
Fire detection systems,
Extinguishing systems,
Security systems,
Gas warning systems,
Access control,
CCTV monitoring.
Control of a building must be possible also under the most complex conditions with re-
spect to security, technical equipment, and maintenance, but with a minimum of person-
nel costs. How can this be accomplished?
In such cases a master control center or danger management system for the control of
all security related equipment is recommended.
The following criteria and their combination constitute the basis for deciding on the instal-
lation of such a management system:
Size and structure of the building (e.g. high-rise, industrial complex)
Concentration of persons (e.g. airports, high-rise buildings, road tunnels)
Concentration of assets (e.g. computer centers, historical buildings)
Installation with high risk potential (e.g. nuclear power stations, chemical plants)
Building operation costs
For a comprehensive solution also the organization of the security and service personnel
as well as their role in the event of an emergency must be taken into consideration. This
organizational part of the concept is playing an increasingly important role.

96

Fire & Security Products sect8


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
A typical application of such a danger management system is shown in the diagram be-
low. Each of these buildings contains one or several systems of various sizes. For moni-
toring and operating the entire complex these systems are connected to a central danger
management system.

Public tele-
phone network

Fig. 1 Danger management system

97

Fire & Security Products sect8


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
2 Functions

2.1 Main functions


In order to fulfil the requirements described in chapter 1 the danger management system
must perform the following functions:
Reception of alarm messages from the systems,
Evaluation of the alarm messages,
Logical and easy-to-interpret representation of the events,
Execution of pre-programmed control sequences,
Control of the subsystems from the security control center: e.g. acknowledgment
and reset of alarms.
The reception, evaluation, display and process of messages are, of course, not limited to
alarm situations: The above functions also apply to the processing of fault and status
messages output by the subsystems.

2.2 Other important functions


Additional important functions must be available:

Display of alarms and other status messages


Type of alarm, date and time, event location (with structure geographic designations),
Supplementary text information,
Graphic display of the alarm location,
Printout of the alarm list and texts.

Operation of the subsystems


Acknowledgment, processing, and resetting of messages by means of function keys,
mouse, or light pen,
Expanded operation for special events,
Access to password-protected (multilevel) system operation.

Control
Transmission of alerts to call fire department, police, service personnel, etc.,
Control of fire dampers, ventilators, elevators, video cameras, etc.,
Control of specific display panels (mimic panels).

Interfaces
Interfaces to the building automation and management systems,
Interfaces to staff paging systems, PLCs, etc.

History file
Saving the events in a permanent file,
Selection and evaluation of the messages.

98

Fire & Security Products sect8


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Logging
Chronological recording of all events,
Causes of alarm.

Subsystem integration
Integration of all subsystems (fire protection, intrusion, security, gas warning, etc.) in a
security control center.

Other functions
Software tools for user data such as texts and graphics,
Software tools for configuring the danger management system,
Access to the danger management system via the public switched telephone network
for diagnostic purposes (remote diagnosis).

99

Fire & Security Products sect8


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
3 System concept
MA
System console
CC
1

CC MD MC
2 Gateway
or
central
processing
unit
CC
8

Control units Communication Central management station


Á
MA
CC System console
1

CC MC
2 Central
processing
unit

CC
8

Control units Central management station


Á
Fig. 2 Block diagrams of two possible system structures

3.1 System structure


The danger management system is based on clear system structures. Data acquisition
and processing is performed at four levels:

Data acquisition level, peripheral devices


This level comprises all peripheral devices such as sensors, detectors, control ele-
ments, alarm devices, etc.

Subsystem level
Describes the subsystems and comprises the satellite control units.
The required availability of the danger management system can only be achieved if the
satellite control units function completely autonomously. Their functions such as signal
indication, operation, activation of the alarm devices, control of fire doors and elevators
must also be possible in the event of complete communications failure with the security
control center.

100

Fire & Security Products sect8


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Communications level
The communications level comprises all network components required for data transmis-
sion between the satellite control units and the security control center.
For adaptation to the physical conditions of the installation, the transmission network can
be designed with point-to-point connections or loop lines (CERLOOP) or a combination
of both. The CERLOOP corresponds to wiring class A which due to its immunity to short
circuits and interruptions on the data line achieves a high reliability.

Management level
Includes all functions and equipment required for monitoring, operating and controlling
the satellite control units by a security control center. Although the satellite control units
are normally controlled from the system main terminal in the security control center, they
can also be operated locally at any time.
The security control center consists principally of a gateway, a central processing unit, an
system console, and printers.

3.2 Specific security features


The security control center is designed specifically for the demanding requirements of
danger management systems:
The satellite control units are completely autonomous in their function and are indepen-
dent of the security control center.
The system behavior is largely standardized but allows sufficient flexibility for adapting
the functions to specific installation requirements.
The system console is designed for clear and simple display of the events and provides
comprehensive operator prompts.
Clear and easy-to-interpret priority structure of the event display as an aid to efficient
processing and intervention.
Multilevel, password protected operator access prevents manipulations by
unauthorized persons.
All system components are monitored and malfunctions are indicated on the corre-
sponding subsystem as well as on the system console.
High system availability is achieved by equipping all subsystems with a separate power
supply and emergency batteries.

101

Fire & Security Products sect8


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
4 Examples of danger management systems
There are various types of danger management systems. All of them are based on the
principle of central monitoring and control of satellite control units that are used for a
variety of functions.
Two possible system types are described below.

4.1 Example 1: DMS7000 danger management system


In this system the priorities are largely tailored to the aforementioned security aspects.
The DMS7000 is a control system that is developed and manufactured by Cerberus. It is
equipped with appropriate interfaces for communication with the satellite units.
Two different operating consoles are available: A color monitor for displaying text and
graphics, and an LCD screen as a text-only display; the latter is backed up by a 24V
emergency operation battery.
With supplementary components such as MUX/DMX units, data concentrators, and
communication interfaces it is possible to build very large systems comprising up to 64
satellite control units. These offer flexible configuration possibilities for adapting the
system to the physical characteristics of a zone.

MA
CC System console
Fire
protection

CC
Security MC
Central
processing
unit

CC

Á
Gas

Satellite control units Central management station

Fig. 3 Example of a typical DMS7000 configuration

102

Fire & Security Products sect8


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
4.2 Example 2: System type LMSmodular (Local Monitoring System)
LMSmodular is a monitoring system for the integration of danger detection systems that
operates under Windows. Since LMS is designed as a danger monitoring system certain
functions that can normally be executed under Windows are inhibited by the system. A
typical capability of this system is to integrate all Cerberus subsystems as well as various
non-Cerberus systems such as CCTV and PLC systems.
The system architecture supports a so-called „one-level network configuration” and „two-
level network configuration” with different gateways.

Evaluation

Á
Gateway

Fire
protection ...
Gateway

Local area

Satellite control units


Fire
protection Security Gas

External area

Fig. 4 Example of a typical LMS configuration

103

Fire & Security Products sect8


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
104

Fire & Security Products sect8


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Section 9 Evacuation and voice
communication systems

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
2. Main functions of an emergency voice communication system . . . . . . . 107
3. System concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
3.1. Autonomous system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
3.2. Centralized system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
3.3. Decentralized system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

105

Fire & Security Products sect9


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
1 Introduction
The primary functions of the fire detection system is the timely alert of building occupants
in the event of a fire so that safe and orderly evacuation is possible. In most cases the
evacuation alarm is initiated by means of bells and horns installed in the building. This
method has proven itself and shown to be effective for smaller buildings, provided the
responsible security personnel and the evacuation has been properly planned and the
building occupants adequately instructed.
As a result of today’s trend to ever larger buildings, conventional alarming methods can
no longer be regarded as adequate.
Audible signals from alarm devices are often ignored and may possibly be misinter-
preted. A much more reliable method is the transmission of a spoken announcement.
To enhance the safety of the building occupants a voice transmission system is installed
which distributes a spoken message via loudspeakers in order to:
Supply information on dangerous situations and their development,
Give instructions on the escape routes to be used in certain building sections,
Evacuate the entire building,
Reassure the building occupants if there is no (longer any) danger.
A supplementary emergency telephone system installed throughout the building sup-
ports the fire brigade in its task of evacuating the building, preventing panic, and estab-
lishing contact with the fire fighting squads.
Today such emergency voice communication systems are increasingly considered to be
an essential addition to fire detection systems in medium to large buildings. Cerberus has
extensive experience and know-how in the planning and delivery of evacuation and
public address (PA) systems.

106

Fire & Security Products sect9


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
2 Main functions of an emergency voice
communication system
Signal generators

Audio signals
Alert
Evac
Microphone
Page

Selection
(automatic and manual)

Alert Amplifier Amplifier


Evac
Page 1 2

Loudspeakers

Loudspeakers
Zone 1 Zone 2

Fig. 1 Functional diagram of a voice communications system

In medium and larger systems three different signals or channels are normally available:

Alert
In order to alert the building occupants a pulsed tone (e.g. low pulse frequency) is trans-
mitted throughout the building. This signal has the lowest priority (depending on the local
regulations the alert signal can also be a synthesized voice message).

Evac
An evacuation signals (e.g. high pulse frequency) is transmitted via the speakers to those
parts of the building that are directly affected by the danger. This signal clearly has a
higher priority than the alert signal (depending on the local regulations the evac signal
can also be a synthesized voice message).

Page Signal
Whenever necessary the fire brigade can give specific instructions through the micro-
phone which are transmitted either throughout the entire building or only portions thereof.
This signal has a higher priority than the evac signal.
The required signal (channels) can be selected automatically (via the fire alarm system),
and or manually by the fire brigade.
The voice communication system should be designed in such a way that all 3 signals
(channels) described above can be simultaneously selected for different areas (zones),
that is, all three signals are available throughout the building to each amplifier (audio
bus). If this important function exists the system is a true 3-channel system.

107

Fire & Security Products sect9


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Example: high-rise building with 20 floors
ü Fire on the 8th floor
Automatic alert signal to all 20 floors,
Automatic evac signal to floors 7, 8, and 9 (the evac signal overrides the alert signal for
these 3 floors).
After it has become clear that the fire is spreading also to the 9th floor, the fire brigade
working on this floor contacts the control center via the emergency telephone system
and orders the immediate evacuation of the 10th floor.
The control center manager then transmits a page signal (live or prerecorded an-
nouncement) to the 10th floor and requests the occupants to immediately leave the
building via the staircase. (The page signal overrides the alert signal for this floor).
In the future additional independent channels will become necessary, for example for
transmitting pre-programmed messages for elevators and staircases.

108

Fire & Security Products sect9


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
3 System concepts
The practical requirements to be met by such systems can vary considerably. The system
selection must be based on the size and structure of the building, the panic risk, the
technology of the fire detection system, and the desired convenience. Three basic con-
cepts are described below:

3.1 Autonomous system


The EVAC systems comprises speaker lines that are distributed throughout the building.
The speaker system is fed with corresponding signals (alert, evac, page, see above).
Alarm and warning tones (evac, alert) are synthesized by a special circuit. A switching
matrix allows the routing of the signals to specific building sections (speaker zones) by
pressing the corresponding zone keys on the operator console in the fire protection room.
A live announcement (page) can be fed through the microphone on the operator console.
Such announcements automatically override the alert or evac signal.
In this system all modules, including the audio amplifiers, are installed centrally, that is,
the speakers are „hardwired”, from the fire detection system to the corresponding
speaker terminals in the building.
Normally the entire system is powered by an emergency battery so that it can be kept in
operation also in the event of a general power failure.

3.2 Centralized system


The principal advantage of the centralized evacuation and emergency voice communica-
tion over the above autonomous system is the automatic announcement control. In this
system the audio signal as well as the speaker zones are activated automatically by the
fire detection system. For this reason the evacuations and emergency voice communica-
tion system will be installed in close proximity to the fire detection system control unit or
the security control center.
Manual intervention overrides the automatic operation of the system. The highest priority
has the push-to-talk button on the microphone (page); it overrides all other signals (in-
cluding fire brigade announcements).
As the system designation shows, all equipment is installed in a central location and the
speaker lines in the building are „hardwired”. For smaller objects this is certainly a practi-
cal solution; for larger buildings or objects (distances) a more economical solution should
be chosen.

109

Fire & Security Products sect9


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
3.3 Decentralized system
In larger buildings a decentralized system is used.
In this concept the audio amplifiers as well as the supplementary modules are installed in
the corresponding satellite control units of the fire detection system. This means that also
the loudspeakers of the corresponding zones are connected to the satellite control units
which significantly reduces the wiring costs.
A bus system for the audio signals is installed throughout the entire system so that the fire
detection, evacuation and speaker system can be operated and controlled from a single
location (security control center).
The typical requirements of an integrated system is shown in the diagram below.
The main advantages of an integrated system are the programmable control between a
fire detector zone and an evacuation zone, as well as the autonomous functions of de-
centralized units. Other benefits are the lower costs resulting from the optimization of the
switching interfaces, the power supply, the space requirement for the equipment cabi-
nets, as well as the lower cabling costs throughout the entire building.
Typical applications for such integrated systems are medium to large buildings such as
hotels, office tracts, hospitals, airports, etc.
The typical arrangement of a decentralized, integrated system is shown in the following
diagram:

Fig. 2 Decentralized system

110

Fire & Security Products sect9


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
111

Fire & Security Products Back


Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Siemens Building Technologies AG
Alte Landstrasse 411
CHĆ8708 Männedorf
Tel. +41 1 - 922 61 11
Fax +41 1 - 922 64 50
www.cerberus.ch

112

Fire & Document


Security Products
no. e1490a Back
Manual CRP-B
Siemens Building Technologies Group 07.2001
Edition 07.2001 Section 1

Anda mungkin juga menyukai