Buku Ajar Fisiologi Tumbuhan
Buku Ajar Fisiologi Tumbuhan
Disusun oleh:
Neni Hasnunidah, S.Pd. , M.Si.
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DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
KULIT ............................................................................................................. i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ………….……………………………………………………................. ii
KATA PENGANTAR ..……………………..……………………………………………………......... iii
DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................... iv
I. FISIOLOGI TUMBUHAN DAN SEL TUMBUHAN .……………………………................. 1
A. Pendahuluan …………………………..…...…………………………………………….......... 1
B. Fisiologi Tumbuhan .………………………………………….…………………….............. 1
C. Sel Tumbuhan ………………………………………………………………………….......... 2
D. Rangkuman ........................................................................................... 11
E. Latihan Soal .......................................................................................... 11
F. Rujukan ................................................................................................ 11
II. TUMBUHAN DAN AIR …………………………………………….………………………………… 12
A. Pendahuluan .................................................................................…….. 12
B. Arti Penting Air Bagi Tumbuhan …………………………………………………………… 12
C. Sifat Fisika dan Kimia Air ………………………………………………………………........ 13
D. Difusi ................................................................................................... 16
E. Osmosis ................................................................................................ 20
F. Imbibisi ................................................................................................ 24
G. Transpirasi ........................................................................................... 25
H. Naiknya Air Pada Tumbuhan .................................................................. 27
I. Rangkuman ......................................................................................... 30
J. Latihan Soal ......................................................................................... 31
K. Rujukan ................................................................................ ..... 31
III. Nutrisi Tumbuhan .……….……………..........…………..…….…………………….…....... 32
A. Pendahuluan ………………………………..........….………………………….……......... 32
B. Hara Mineral ………….………………………...............………………………….…....... 32
C. Penyerapan Hara Mineral ……………………………...……………………………........ 38
D. Sirkulasi Zat Hara dalam Tumbuhan ……………………………………………......... 42
E. Rangkuman ………………………………………................................................. 42
F. Latihan Soal …………………………………..........…………………………………......... 43
G. Rujukan …………………………………………………………………........................... 43
IV. ENZIM ………….………......................................……………………………............. 44
A. Pendahuluan …..………………………………..………………………………………....... 44
B. Sifat dan Struktur Enzim .…………………………………………...………………....... 44
C. Tatanama Enzim .................................................................................. 44
D. Mekanisme Kerja Enzim ………………………….........……………………………...... 46
E. Denaturasi .......................................................................................... 47
F. Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Laju Reaksi Enzimatis ....................... 47
G. Enzim Alosterik dan Pengendalian Balik ................................................. 50
H. Rangkuman .......................................................................................... 51
I. Latihan Soal ......................................................................................... 51
J. Rujukan ............................................................................................... 51
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V. FOTOSINTESIS .......................................................................................... 52
A. Pendahuluan .……………………………………………………………………………......... 52
B. Definisi dan Arti Penting ………………………………………………….…………........ 52
C. Struktur Kloroplas ................................................................................ 52
D. Penyerapan Cahaya Oleh Klorofil .......................................................... 54
E. Fotofosforilasi ...................................................................................... 57
F. Fiksasi CO2 .......................................................................................... 64
G. Sintesis Sukrosa dan Pati ...................................................................... 64
H. Rangkuman ......................................................................................... 65
I. Latihan Soal ......................................................................................... 66
J. Rujukan ............................................................................................... 66
VI. RESPIRASI ………………………………………...........................…………….............. 67
A. Pendahuluan ……………………………………………………......……………………...... 67
B. Pengertian dan Arti Penting ..………………………………………………………........ 67
C. Kuosien Respirasi ................................................................................. 68
D. Mekanisme Respirasi ............................................................................ 69
E. Sistem Transport Elektron dan Fosforilasi Oksidatif ................................. 72
F. Lintasan Pentose Fosfat ........................................................................ 73
G. Rangkuman ......................................................................................... 75
H. Latihan Soal ......................................................................................... 75
I. Rujukan ............................................................................................... 75
VII. METABOLISME NITROGEN DAN SULFUR ...………………………………................ 76
A. Pendahuluan ………………………………………………………….............…….......... 76
B. Metabolisme Nitrogen ……………………………...……………………………….......... 76
C. Metabolisme Sulfur ............................................................................... 81
D. Rangkuman .......................................................................................... 83
E. Latihan Soal .................................................................................. ....... 84
F. Rujukan ............................................................................................... 84
VIII. PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN ..…………………………………................ 85
A. Pendahuluan ..…………………………………………………………………………........... 85
B. Definisi Pertumbuhan …………………………………………………………………......... 85
C. Pengamatan Pertumbuhan ..................................................................... 86
D. Kinetika Pertumbuhan ............................................................................ 88
E. Perkembangan ...................................................................................... 90
F. Diferensiasi ............................................................................................ 91
G. Faktor Dalam Yang Mempengaruhi Perkembangan ................................... 93
H. Rangkuman ............................................................................................ 95
I. Latihan Soal ............................................................................................ 95
J. Rujukan ................................................................................................. 95
IX. HORMON DAN PENGATUR TUMBUH ............................................................. 96
A. Pendahuluan ........................................................................................... 96
B. Definisi Hormon....................................................................................... 96
C. Cara Kerja Hormon................................................................................... 96
D. Macam-macam Hormon............................................................................ 97
E. Rangkuman.............................................................................................. 113
F. Latihan Soal ............................................................................................ 114
G. Rujukan................................................................................................... 114
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X. GERAK PADA TUMBUHAN ............................................................................. 115
A. Pendahuluan ........................................................................................... 115
B. Gerak Tropisme ....................................................................................... 115
C. Gerak Nasti ............................................................................................. 119
D. Rangkuman.............................................................................................. 123
F. Latihan Soal ............................................................................................ 123
G. Rujukan................................................................................................... 123
XI. FOTOPERIODISME DAN VERNALISASI .......................................................... 124
A. Pendahuluan ......................................................................................... 124
B. Jam Biologi: Irama Kehidupan ................................................................ 124
C. Fotoperiodisme ...................................................................................... 126
D. Fitokrom ................................................................................................ 128
E. Florigen ................................................................................................ 131
F. Vernalisasi ............................................................................................ 132
G. Rangkuman.............................................................................................. 133
H. Latihan Soal ............................................................................................ 133
I. Rujukan................................................................................................... 133
XII. DORMANSI ..................................... .......................................................... 134
A. Pendahuluan ......................................................................................... 134
B. Konsep dan Tatanama Dormansi ............................................................ 134
C. Masa Hidup dan Perkecambahan Biji ....................................................... 135
D. Dormansi Biji ........................................................................................ 136
E. Dormansi Kuncup ................................................................................... 137
F. Dormansi Organ Penyimpanan Bawah Tanah ........................................... 138
G. Rangkuman.............................................................................................. 139
H. Latihan Soal ............................................................................................ 139
I. Rujukan................................................................................................... 139