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Learning disability and learning difficulties are used in the US and sometimes elsewhere to denote educational problems of a specific nature, such as dyslexia. Living with a learning disability can have an ongoing impact on friendships, school, work, self-esteem and daily life. New insights will help pinpoint therapies and improve treatment.
Learning disability and learning difficulties are used in the US and sometimes elsewhere to denote educational problems of a specific nature, such as dyslexia. Living with a learning disability can have an ongoing impact on friendships, school, work, self-esteem and daily life. New insights will help pinpoint therapies and improve treatment.
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Learning disability and learning difficulties are used in the US and sometimes elsewhere to denote educational problems of a specific nature, such as dyslexia. Living with a learning disability can have an ongoing impact on friendships, school, work, self-esteem and daily life. New insights will help pinpoint therapies and improve treatment.
Hak Cipta:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Format Tersedia
Unduh sebagai DOC, PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
disability and their families have always been much
affected by the way they are perceived and treated by the communities they live in.
There is confusion regarding the use of the
terminology used. This varies from country to country and also whether the perspective is medical, social or educational.
Learning disability and learning difficulties are used in
the US and sometimes elsewhere to denote educational problems of a specific nature, such as dyslexia. In Great Britain, the Department of Health adopted learning disability as the preferred alternative to mental handicap. However it has been argued that intellectual disability is a more accurate term. This is used by the World Health Organization (WHO) as well as in Australasia. However in the United Kingdom, moderate/severe learning
• Learning Disabilities refers to a variety of
disorders that affect the acquisition, retention, understanding, organization or use of verbal INTRODUCTION and/or non-verbal information.
Learning disability can affect the way in which a
Dyslexia the learning disability or the hidden person takes in, remembers, understands and problem expresses information. People with learning disability are intelligent and have abilities to learn despite difficulties in that process written language differently than those processing information. without the disorder. Living with a learning disability can have an ongoing Dyslexia is a persistent, lifelong condition. There's no cure impact on friendships, school, work, self-esteem and for it, but there are ways to approach learning and be daily life. successful. People with learning disability can succeed when individualised self-management skills and strategies What is Dyslexia? are developed and relevant accommodation is provided. Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is The learning disability dyslexia, which centers on neurological in origin. It is characterized by difficulties difficulties in reading, once stumped scientists. Since with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor dyslexics often have good intelligence and even may be spelling and decoding abilities. These difficulties typically gifted in some areas, it was thought that a little motivation result from a deficit in the phonological component of could get them on the right track. Now researchers not language that is often unexpected in relation to other only know that dyslexia is born of biology, but they also cognitive abilities and the provision of effective classroom are getting closer to confirming the key brain areas that are instruction. Secondary consequences may include affected. New insights will help pinpoint therapies and problems in reading comprehension and reduced reading improve treatment. experience that can impede growth of vocabulary and background knowledge. Albert Einstein was a genius. And a dyslexic. The fact that the reading disability, dyslexia - often A person with dyslexia is someone whose problem in marked by deficits in the decoding of words - can affect reading is not the result of emotional problems, lack of smart people, even some famously knowledgeable, once motivation, poor teaching, mental retardation, or vision or perplexed scientists. Many assumed that laziness was the hearing deficits. Dyslexia is a persistent, lifelong cause. condition. There's no cure for it, but there are ways to Now research confirms that more than a kick in the approach learning and be successful. butt is needed to jumpstart dyslexics' stall in reading. Studies show a biological basis for this disability that Although kids with dyslexia have language processing and affects millions of American children and adults. One line learning difficulties in common, the symptoms and of research indicates that dyslexics use the brain regions severity can be quite different. Kids learn some academic skills at a level lower than others their same age and Has difficulty remembering what he just intellectual peers, but they can do other things quite well. read They may be talented in the arts, skilled in technology, or Has difficulty concentrating when reading adept with spatial relationships. These strengths and talents or writing need to be encouraged and reinforced. Is unable to tell important information from unimportant details Most kids have problems in school at one time or another. Spells poorly; misspelling is not phonetic Ask yourself and the teacher if your child has shown these Has problems taking notes accurately characteristics to a greater degree than normal over a Has difficulty organizing and completing period of time and in different environments, e.g., school, written projects home, child care. What if I Suspect My Child Has Dyslexia? Ages 6-11 Prepare to talk with your child's teacher about the Has difficulty pronouncing words, may problems you've observed at home and learn how your reverse or substitute parts of words child is doing in the classroom. Rest assured: There are Has difficulty carrying out a sequence of many techniques that may help your child succeed, either directions by gaining new skills or by using bypass strategies. Doesn't hear fine differences in words; e.g., writes "pin" for "pen" • Take notes on the types of errors your child makes, Has problems stating thoughts in an how often they occur, and where you've noticed organized way them. Confuses the order of letters in words Doesn't recognize words previously learned • Keep copies of her work and results from group Spells a word several different ways; tests. doesn't recognize the correct version Has poor reading comprehension • Conference with her teacher to get a sense of how she's doing in comparison with her peers. Ages 12-adult • Ask the teacher if she thinks your child might have • Tell her you know she tries hard, but you and her a learning disability. (Remember that's the term teachers are going to help her find ways to succeed. most schools use instead of dyslexia.) If you feel • Work in collaboration with school staff; let your your child's problems are significant and she may child see you functioning as a team. need special education services to benefit from the • Look into private tutoring through community general academic curriculum, you can make a agencies or privately if you can afford it. written request for assessment and send it to the • Encourage her to use her strengths and talents. school and/or district administrator. You’ll need to • Be patient with her and support her efforts. be specific about her problems, so the information you gathered earlier will come in handy.
What Can the School Do to Help My Child?
Your child’s teachers and other school professionals will
want to identify the specific skills your child already has and those she needs to master in developmental sequence, e.g., hearing differences in sounds, learning letter names, spelling words that don't follow the rules, etc. This will allow you and the teacher to plan the next steps of your child's instructional program by building on what she already knows.
What Can I Do to Help My Child?
• Depending on your child’s age and language skills,
speak with her about the difficulties you've observed. • Ask her how she feels about school and what she feels she needs help with.
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