BAHAN AJAR

SPLDV

MATA KULIAH KAPITA SELEKTA MATEMATIKA

PENDIDIKAN DASAR

Oleh:

Fista Cahyani Ramadhan 212151039

Tami Ayu Khotimah Shofary 212151060
Edix Muhammad Lizar 212151065
Tri Nuryanti 212151071

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

UNIVERSITAS SILIWANGI
 SISTEM PERSAMAAN LINEAR DUA VARIABEL
1. Pengertian PLDV dan SPLDV
Persamaan linear dua variabel dalam matematika biasa disingkat PLDV,
sedangkan sistem persamaan linear dua variabel biasa disingkat SPLDV.
Apa yang kalian ketahui pengenai PLDV dan SPLDV? Jelaskan!
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SPLDV memiliki ciri-ciri :
 Terdiri dari …… variabel
 Kedua variabel pada SPLDV hanya memiliki …… atau ……
 Menggunakan relasi tanda …….
 Tidak terdapat ……………. dalam setiap persamaannya.

2. Variabel, Koefisien, dan Konstanta

Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel (SPLDV) memiliki bagian-bagian
yang harus diketahui, yaitu sebagai berikut :
1) Variabel,yaitu ........................................................................................
2) Koefisien, yaitu .....................................................................................
3) Konstanta, yaitu
.....................................................................................

3. Penyelesaian SPLDV
Terdapat 4 cara atau metode untuk menyelesaikan sistem persamaan linear
dua variabel, yaitu menggunakan metode eliminasi. Substitusi, gabungan dan
grafik.

1) Selesaikan permasalahan berikut dengan menggunakan metode

eliminasi!

Rara dan Citra merupakan siswa kelas X Perhotelan. Pada mata pelajaran
Tata Hidang mereka diharuskan membuat rangkaian bunga sebagai tugas
akhir. Oleh karena itu, Rara dan Citra pergi ke sebuah took bunga untuk
membeli bunga dan vas bunga sekaligus membelikan beberapa untuk
temannya juga. Rara membeli 3 paket bunga dan 4 vas seharga Rp.
65.000,00 dan Citra membeli 2 paket bunga dan 3 vas seharga Rp. 45.000,00
. Jika Shinta ingin membeli 1 paket bunga dan 1 vas bunga, maka berapakah
uang yang harus dibayarkan Shinta?

Penyelesaian:

Diketahui :

Harga 3 paket bunga dan 4 vas = .........

Harga 2 paket bunga dan 3 vas = .........

Ditanya :
Harga 1 paket bunga dan 1 vas = ?

Jawab :
Langkah 1 : Pemisalan variabe
Misalkan :
Harga 1 paket bunga ; x
Harga 1 vas bunga ; y

Langkah 2 : Membuat model matematika

Diperoleh model matematika, yaitu :
Persamaan I ........................................
Persamaan II ........................................
Langkah 3 : Menyelesaikan dengan metode eliminasi
 Eliminasi variabel x
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
Diperoleh y = ................
 Eliminasi variabel y
.....................................................................................
 .....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
Diperoleh x = ................

Dapat disimpulkan harga 1 paket bunga adalah ................ dan harga 1

buah vas adalah ................ . Sehingga Shinta harus membayar sebesar
................ + ................ = ................

Kesimpulan
Metode eliminasi adalah ·························································
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2) Selesaikan masalah berikut dengan menggunakan metode substitusi!
Seseorang membeli 4 buku gambar dan 3 spidol warna, ia membayar Rp.
19.500,00. Jika ia membeli 2 buku gambar dan 4 spidol warna, ia harus
membayar Rp. 16.000,00. Tentukan harga sebuah buku gambar dan
sebuah spidol warna!
Penyelesaian :

Langkah 1 : Pemisalan variabel

Misalkan :
Harga 1 buku gambar ; x
Harga 1 spidol warna ; y

Langkah 2 : Membuat model matematika

Diperoleh model matematika, yaitu :
Persamaan I ........................................
Persamaan II ........................................

Langkah 3 : Menyelesaikan dengan metode substitusi

Ubah persamaan I atau II ke bentuk ( x=…)
Persamaan ......
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
Diperoleh x=¿ ....................... (Persamaan III)
Untuk x=¿ ....................... di substitusi ke persamaan ......
 .....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................

Diperoleh y=¿.......................
Untuk nilai y=¿....................... disubstitusi ke persamaan III
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................

Jadi, harga sebuah buku gambar adalah ....................... dan harga sebuah
spidol warna adalah .......................

Kesimpulan
Metode substitusi adalah ·························································
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3) Selesaikan masalah berikut dengan menggunakan metode gabungan!
Penyelesaian :
Bu Susi dan Bu Indah pergi ke pasar membeli lauk pauk untuk keperluan
sehari-hari. Bu Susi membeli 2 ikan nila dan 4 ikat bayam seharga Rp.
28.000,00 dan Ibu Indah membeli 3 ikat bayam dan 3 ikan nila seharga
Rp.36.000,00 pada penjual yang sama. Kemudian dating pembeli lagi
membawa uang Rp. 100.000,00 dan ia membeli 2 ikan nila dan 2 ikat
bayam di tempat itu. Berapakah sisa uang yang dimiliki orang tersebut?
Penyelesaian :

Bu Susi membeli … dan …

Bu Indah membeli … dan …
Misalkan
Harga ikan nila : …
Harga bayam ikat …

Model matematika :
Bu Susi : ···· x ···· + ···· x ···· = 28.000
Bu indah : ···· x ···· + ···· x ···· = ····
 Menyelesaikan persamaan dengan cara eliminasi dan substitusi

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Harga untuk ikan nila = ····

Harga untuk ikan bayam = ····
Jumlah uang yang dikeluarkan jika membeli 2 ikat bayam dan 2 ikan
nila
Sisa uang orang tersebut = 100.000−¿harga 2 ikat bayam dan 2 ikan nila
= 100.000−¿ (.. x … + .. x …)
= ·········
Jadi sisa uang tersebut adalah ·········
4) Selesaikan masalah berikut dengan menggunakan metode grafik!
Perhatikan bunga yang tumbuh pada hari pertama dan hari berikutnya
seperti grafik di bawah.

Prediksikan berapa bunga yang tumbuh pada hari ke-n ?

Penyelesaian :
Perhatikan sumbu x dan sumbu y
Jika x=· ·· maka y=¿ … = … x 1 + …
Jika x=· ·· maka y=¿ … = … x 2 + …
Jika x=· ·· maka y=¿ … = … x 3 + …
Jika x=· ·· maka y=¿ … = … x 4 + …
Jika x=· ·· maka y=¿ … = … x n + …
Bunga yang tumbuh pada hari ke-n adalah …