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HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF A COMPUTER

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THE DARK AGE (3000BC ± 1890AD):

1) Abacus(2)Napier bones.(3)Pascal¶s calculator.(4)Leibniz

calculator.(5)Jacquard¶s loom.(6)Babbages analytical
engine(7)Babbage¶s difference engine

Abacus was probably developed in China simplest manual device it

calculate faster then a person using a digital calculator. In 1617, John
napier designed a device called Napier bonesit contains 11 rods in it
which can get large numbers of product and quotient easily. One more
mechanical device Oughtered slides rule were developed in 1632. It was
made by William Oughtered¶s use logarithm concepts. In 1642 blaise
pascal invented a calculator called Pascal¶s calculator it has a cog wheel
gear system in it. In 1673 Leibniz much improved Pascal¶s calculator
that now it can do multiplication and division.punch card mechanism was
first made by Joseph marie jacquard in 1801and it was called as
Jacquard¶s loom. In 1823 Babbage¶s difference engine was constructed
this is for the business organizations.after its ten years babbages
consructedanother device called Babbage¶s analytical engine 15feet tall
20 feet long vertical axis and thousand¶s of gear engines.

THE MIDDLE AGES (1890AD-1944AD):

1) Holherith cards (2)Ada lovelace invention (3) 20 coloumn punching
machine.

Census data was the biggest problem in this age Hollerith statistician
developed a 3x5 inch punch card to record data it also constructed a
box to sort data.in 1908 Dr James powers developed 20-coloumn
punching machine.In same year hollrith sort a machine which
processed 200 cards.in 1911 he invent a 275 cards machine.
Adalovelace was the assistant of Charles babbage she was the first
programmer of the computer.until 1940 no majors inventions have
been done. But the capabilities and speed of the system¶s were
improved.

THE MODERN AGES (SINCE 1944):

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1946 to 1959 is the first generation
ENIAC,EDSAC,EDVAC,UNIVAC1,UNIVAC2,VACCUMTUBES,IBM65
0,IBM-702,IBM-705,IBM-709 most of the inventions are of military
use.and its major invention is vaccum tubes.

 
 
1959 to 1964 is the period of second generation
inventions TRANSISTORS,FORTRAN LANGUAGE, COBOL
LANGUAGE,IBM-1401,IBM1400,IBM-1600,UNIVAC3,NCR300 etc
transistor are the main generations of invention.

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1965 to 1970 is the third generation integerated
circuits are the main inventions of it

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SSI and LSI means small and large integeration
circuits are developed floppy disk and cray-I,cp/m were introduced in
this generation.

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electrn beam,Xrays or Laser rays,VLSI , PC,MS-
DOS,CD ROM,FLOPPY DISK 3.5 INCH and PROLOG,LISP,SQL are
the languages designed and MARK 1.One of the more inventions on
which we don¶t talk about it are the MACHINTOSH inventions the first
successful mouse driven computer made by APPLE company.

TYPES OF COMPUTER: è V 

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temperature,pressure,circularmotion,distance, velocity of
sound,voltage etc digitals are used for alphabetic and numeric data.it
is more good for business application.hybrid is the mixture of digital

Classifications of computers:   


   
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laptop computers,micro,mini,macro and
super computers.

 
   

live ware,firm ware hardware,software.

This is all the process that how the computer¶s that we are using is
come in the form¶s of pocket PC¶s,desktop PC¶s, laptop,s ,IPOD¶s
and other form¶s of computer¶s. this is all the history and evolution.
Πere will be t e computer in future?
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