Centrifugal Pumps Bearings Part 2

Centrifugal Pumps Bearings
Bearing Assembly Design

Shaft and Housing Fits:
As a general rule, a rolling element bearing should be
installed so that its inner race is a tight fit on the rotating
shaft and the outer race is an interference fit in the
stationary housing. The tolerances for shafts and bearing
housings should be established using the recommendations
of bearing manufacturers or ISO standards.

Thermal Expansion:
Shaft

Thermal Expansion:
Shaft
Free Bearing Held Bearing


Types of Mounting:
Shaft Nut and Locking Washer:
This is one of the most common
arrangements and can be used
for both single and double row
radial bearings. After tightening
the nut, the tab washer is bent
against one of the flats on the
nut, so preventing it turning.

Types of Mounting:
Slotted Nut and Pin :
A castle nut or slotted nut may
be used with a split pin or cotter
pin in order to provide
adjustment for tapered roller
bearings .

Types of Mounting:
End Plate and Locking Screws :
This arrangement may be used
as an alternative to the slotted
nut and pin.
Each screw has a small hole
drilled through the head, through
which a wire is passed and its
ends twisted together. The wire
thus prevents the screws from
becoming loose.

Types of Mounting:
End Cap and Shims :
This arrangement may be used
for tapered roller bearings or for
angular contact bearings where
pre-load has to be set with
adjusting shims.

Types of Mounting:
Snapring :
When it is not suitable for the
housing to contain a shoulder,
then a snapring can be used to
locate the bearing in the housing .
This requires a special bearing
with a recess machined in the
outer race to enable the snapring
to be fitted.

Types of Mounting:
Adaptor Sleeve :
Some types of bearing are made
with a tapered bore and are
mounted as "floating" bearings on
an adaptor sleeve .
`
Typical Pump Bearing Arrangements:

Ball Radial and Ball Thrust :
For shaft diameters up to about
55 mm and speeds up to 3600
rpm, anti-friction double-row
angular-contact bearings may
be used for both radial loads
and thrust loads in either
direction.

Because of the rolling action of
the balls between the races,
the heat generated is not as
great as a plain bearing. Most
of the heat which is produced is
due to the sliding action of the
balls against their retaining
cage which maintains equal
ball spacing.

Lubrication is usually provided
by an oil ring which hangs from
the shaft with its lower part
dipped into an oil reservoir in
the bearing housing. As the
shaft rotates, the oil ring
splashes oil to the bearings.

Sleeve Radial and Ball Thrust :
For shaft diameters and
speeds which are above the
limits for ball radial and ball
thrust construction, cylindrical
sleeve bearings are used to
carry the radial loads.
Axial loads in either direction
are taken by two ball bearings
mounted back-to-back.

Sleeve Radial and Ball Thrust :
The sleeve bearings are steel
or bronze lined with Babbitt and
are split parallel to the shaft.
Lubrication may be by oil rings
and cooling coils may be built
in to the oil reservoirs through
which either cold water or the
pumped product may be
circulated to remove excess
heat from the oil. mounted
back-to-back.
Bearing Lubrication:
The choice of lubricant is determined by the following
factors:
Load - The load on the bearing will determine the pressure against
which the lubricant must work.
Speed - The lubricated surfaces will wear faster at higher speeds.

Temperature - The properties of the lubricant may be affected by
the operating temperature.
Environment - The lubricant may have to cope with the presence
of water or corrosive substances.
Lubricant selection should normally be in accordance with
the recommendations of the equipment manufacturer.
However, as a general rule, the following guide is useful to
remember:
For light loads and high speeds, use a lubricant of low viscosity.
For heavy loads and low speeds, use a lubricant of high viscosity.
The decision whether to use oil or grease as the lubricant
will depend upon operating conditions. The following
comparative advantages may be useful to consider when
making a choice:
Oil:
Assists cooling.
Absorbs less torque.
Feeds more easily and form a central supply.
Washes away dirt.
Can also lubricate other elements such as gears.
Grease:
Permits simpler bearing designs.
Provides better sealing against foreign matter.
Is easier to contain and seal.
Allows longer periods without attention.
The following basic principles govern the application of
lubricants:
Cleanliness is vital. Lubricating equipment must be kept free from
dirt and other foreign matter.
Lubricants of different brand or grade should never be mixed.

If it is necessary to change the type of lubricant, then the
equipment should first be drained and cleaned out.
An excess of lubricant, especially grease, will cause heat to

build up. This will eventually break down the lubricant and bearing
failure will result.
Lubricant filters and strainers should always be changed at the

recommended time intervals.
The selection of lubricant for a given application should be as

recommended by the equipment manufacturer.
Inadequate lubrication can often be identified by the operating

condition of the bearing, such as excessive noise or temperature.
In general, if a bearing feels too hot to touch with a hand, then its
lubrication may not be correct and should be checked.
Lubricants are potentially hazardous materials and should be

properly stored with regard to safely and effect on the environment.
Oil:
Oil lubrication is often used for light to moderate duty in
high-speed applications.
The oil should be changed at regular specified intervals
and this should be done sooner if the oil has become dirty
or contaminated.
When changing oil, it is good practice to thoroughly clean
the bearing housing or sump with flushing oil before
adding the new lubricant. This ensures that all foreign
matter is removed.
Grease :
Grease lubrication is generally used for heavy loads at low
to moderate speeds.
When grease is used in pump bearings, make sure it is of
the type specified by the pump manufacturer.
Usually, soda-soap-compounded grease that has a
mineral oil base is acceptable.
All greases used for bearings should be free from fillers
such as clay, mica or talc. These mineral fillers are highly
abrasive, even when finely ground and mixed with oil or
grease.
Grease :
Pumps are greased at around 3 monthly intervals and this
may be extended to 6 months if the pump is not operated
frequently.
When the pump is running, however, the bearings should
be checked daily for noise, cleanliness and operating
temperature.
Methods of Lubrication:
Lubrication methods include:
Oil reservoirs.
Constant-level oilers .
Drip-feed .
Ring type oilers .
Pressurized systems.
Whatever method is used, daily checks should be made to

ensure that the correct amount of lubricant reaches the
bearings.
The constant-level oiler is a combination drip feed and ring
type oiler.
The ring used to distribute the oil is the same as any other
ring oiler.
Its purpose is to maintain a constant oil level in the sump
by replacing the oil that leaks out.
Some pumps are fitted with grease cups . Lubrication is
carried out by turning the cap or handle one or two turns at
regular intervals.
Bearing Seals:
There are two main types of bearing seals:
Contacting type seals (rubbing).
Clearance type seals (no rubbing).
Bearing Seals:
A G
D F
Bearing Seals:
The simplest type of clearance seal is obtained
by providing a relatively long close-clearance fit
between the shaft and housing. One or more
grooves may be arranged in the housing to
help prevent the escape lubricant.
Slingers are often fitted

B to clearance seals
when they are used for oil-lubricated bearings.
The slingers help to prevent the escape of any
oil which may have passed the seal by flinging
it into a groove in the seal housing, from where
it can drain back into the bearing housing .
Bearing Seals:
Another type of clearance seal is the
labyrinth type . In a labyrinth seal, the long
and staggered close-clearance path is filled
with lubricant and offers a high resistance
to flow in either direction.
Clearance type seals can operate without B

any restrictions regarding speed or
operating temperature, but they do permit
more leakage of lubricant than rubbing
contact seals and also are not as effective
in keeping out dirt and other foreign matter.

Centrifugal Pumps Bearings Part 2

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Centrifugal Pumps Bearings Part 2

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Centrifugal Pumps Bearings

Bearing Assembly Design

Bearing Assembly Design

Bearing Assembly Design

Free Bearing Held Bearing

Bearing Assembly Design

Bearing Assembly Design

Bearing Assembly Design

Bearing Assembly Design

Bearing Assembly Design

Bearing Assembly Design

Typical Pump Bearing Arrangements:

Typical Pump Bearing Arrangements:

Typical Pump Bearing Arrangements:

Typical Pump Bearing Arrangements:

Typical Pump Bearing Arrangements:

Speed - The lubricated surfaces will wear faster at higher speeds.

Lubricants of different brand or grade should never be mixed.

An excess of lubricant, especially grease, will cause heat to

Lubricant filters and strainers should always be changed at the

The selection of lubricant for a given application should be as

Inadequate lubrication can often be identified by the operating

Lubricants are potentially hazardous materials and should be

Whatever method is used, daily checks should be made to

Slingers are often fitted

Clearance type seals can operate without B

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