Project Proposal

on

MUNICIPAL GEOGRAPHIC
INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR
EVALUATION OF PROPERTY TAX

By:

Mr Sanjay Gupta
M: 09968339478
May 2009
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 MUNICIPAL GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR EVALUATION OF
PROPERTY TAX

INTRODUCTION

Geographic Information System (GIS) today is an indispensable tool in the planning for
tomorrows requirements, such as rail network, dam site location, urban development, land use
planning, watershed management etc. Until computers were available, geographic data were
drawn on a piece of paper, as points, lines and areas. With the advent of computers, accurate and
rapid analysis of diverse geographic data sets are perceived as a requirement for more effective
planning.

A GIS may be defined as a tool for management, analysis and manipulation of spatially
referenced data information in a problem solving environment. The technology of GIS has
developed so fast over the past one and a half decade that it is now accepted as an essential tool
for the effective use of geographic information. GIS offers the capability of collection,
compilation, storage retrieval, analysing, manipulation, displaying an integrating environmental,
economic and social data in a single system. It is able to analyse and manipulate spatial
information as well as to integrate different types of data at a high speed.

GIS requires data/information from multiple sources such as maps, fields, organisations, remote
sensing images etc., and converts them into useful results through various analysis tools (Fig. 1).
This data/information are converted into digital form by digitizing or scanning. The advantage of
digital database is that it can be easily updated, integrated on the basis of criteria, and used in
various other studies. In India, the updated data/information required for GIS study might not be
readily available, and thus the technology is presently expensive. For example, runoff and
rainfall data/information for entire Ganges and Yamuna basins are restricted. Similarly,
topographic maps for more than 25% of the country are restricted. Many other data/information
used in policy making are also not available to individual for technical or research study.

APPLICATIONS OF GIS

GIS has been found to be useful to planners, policy makers and decision-makers. It enables
decision-makers, planners, project mangers and development practitioners to improve
management of natural resources and overall development of a region. The information about the
resources, thus collected from the real world, is converted into digital form, and is integrated and
anlaysed in a GIS to make quick decisions as well as their implementation on the real world
(Fig. 2). In addition, GIS is a useful tool for monitoring and management of various resources.

GIS allows entry of many types of data in a single spatial framework. It facilitates the
following :

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 Fig. 1 Sources of Input to GIS

Data retrieval &

query for
planning &

Data management Data analysis

Data Data
I transformatio
n and

Data sources Users

Data Decision
gat making

Surveying Validation

Resources
from the
real world

Fig. 2 GIS as a Planning and Management Tool

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1. Integration of physical, demographic and socio-economic data sets.
2. Updating of information to illustrate change in urban pattern over time.
3. Derivation of new data through manipulation of known factors
4. Overlays of data for the purpose of comparison
5. Incorporation of information about the buildings from remote sensing images
6. Maintenance and retrieval of large quantities of digital data at a greater speed and lower cost
7. Ability to manipulate and integrate different types of data in a single analysis
8. Ability to perform complex spatial analysis rapidly providing both qualitative and
quantitative advantage
9. Planning scenarios, decision models and interactive process are normal functions of GIS.

GIS is now-a-days being used for a wide range of applications, such as transportation routes,
developmental planning, etc. Some of the potential applications include (United Nations, 1996).

1. Cadastral Information System – land ownership database required for tax and revenue
planning; demographic analysis; social services planning, etc.
2. Utilities Mapping and Management – electric; water; telecommunication; road; drainage;
sewer, etc.
3. Land use Planning – potential for development; suitability assessment for crops, industrial
and for a particular land use; siting of important structures, such as nuclear plants, power
stations, etc.
4. Agricultural Development – identify developmental needs in agriculture at village level, etc.
5. Environmental Condition Assessment – environmental impact assessment, environmental
sensitive zones, etc.
6. Wasteland Development – suggest an optimum plan considering people’s needs, etc.
7. Natural Resource Management – forest; soil; water, etc.
8. Integrated Development Planning - based on resource potential, existing settlement
pattern and population; suggest developmental planning in resources and services in a
sustainable manner, etc.

Applications for planners provide systematic collection, updating, processing, and distribution of
land-related data. Information about zoning, properties, roads, schools and parks, all pertain to
geographic location. The capability to handle large quantity of land survey data is a common
requirement of a GIS.

Overlay of various thematic maps is quickly done using the capabilities of GIS. Thematic maps
can be prepared and updated using high-resolution spatial and temporal remote sensing data.
The advantages of GIS shift quite rapidly from manual analysis, particularly if the data sets to be
analysed are very large. GIS has also been found to be extremely useful for complex modelling
if the data sets of are to be combined using different weightages.

SCOPE OF WORK

1. Procurement of cloud free latest (preferably 2005) high-resolution, natural true-colour

satellite imagery data (IKONOS/Quick Bird) or downloading free from Google Earth
site.
2. Establishment of GCPs using either DGPS survey or available toposheets.
3. Geo-referencing of the images using actual GCP generated.
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 4. Creation of GIS database map of one ward of Dehradun District at 1:2000 scale
a. Administrative boundaries of AoI .
b. Position/location of all geographical data (points, lines and polygons) (as per
Annexure A).
5. Collection of attribute data associated with the existing geographical features.
6. Development of a query based system
7. Updation of existing spatial and Non-spatial database after every one year, based on
satellite images and field visits

Municipal Corporation will provide all the area/tax related available information about the
built-up area to be incorporated in the GIS database.

DEHRADUN REGION AND THE STUDY AREA

The Dehradun city, the capital of newly formed Uttaranchal state, is situated in the south-central
part of Dehradun District, and is one of the major urban center of the region. It is located 250
km. north of New Delhi. The Dehradun region lies between 77o 57 24’ E to 78o 07 44’ E and 30 o
06 27’N to 30 o 27 40’ N latitude. Presently, one of the wards in the municipal region of
Dehradun has been selected to undertake the study.

Surrounded by lush green forests and hills, Dehradun has always been a favorite destination with
the tourists. It is endowed with a pleasant, moderate, climate and is well connected with other
important places such as Delhi, Haridwar. Dehradun is a gateway and base camp for tourists and
pilgrims headed for Gangotri- Jamunotri- Kedarnath- badrinath- valley of flowers and famous
hill queen Mussoorie. Dehradun is one of the beautiful towns in the northern India. It boasts of a
number of reputed educational institutions such as the Forest Research Institute, Wildlife
Institute of India, Forest Survey of India, Indian Military Academy, The Doon School etc. The

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entire Dehradun Valley has numerous places of scenic beauty and picnic spots such as Robbers
Cave, Rajaji National Park, etc.

Dehradun is strategically located in the foothills of the Himalayas in the north, the Shiwalik hills
in the south, the Ganga in the east and Yamuna River in the west. The Doon valley is a
longitudinal valley, which extends about 80 km in the length and 20 km in width, lie between the
rivers Ganga and Yamuna. The pre-tertiary rocks of the mid Himalayan range rise up to 2200 m.
above MSL bounded the north and the Shiwalik range, which rises up to 900 m above MSL,
bound Doon valley in the south.

For about two decades till 1815 the city was under the occupation of the Gorkhas. In April 1815,
Gorkha rulers were ousted from Garhwal and Garhwal was annexed by the British. In the
decades that followed, the British Government felt that the material progress of Dehradun and
adjoining hill towns of Mussoorie and Landour was dependent upon colonization and
reclamation of the wastelands. This led the government to encourage capitals. The growth of tea
industry and the extended operations of forest department, the establishment of two military
Cantonments (in 1872 and 1908), increasing popularity of Mussoorie and Landour, as a retreat of
well to do pensioners and opening of the railway in 1900 have all contributed towards growth of
Dehradun.

Later on, the construction of 1.6 km long Paltan Bazar (from Clock Tower to Gurudwara) led to
the trade transaction and thus led to a very rapid growth of the city. This development was
further aggravated after the second world war, through the establishment of new Cantonment,
Ordinance Factory, Indian Institute of Petroleum, Indian Photo Interpretation Institute (renamed
as Indian Institute of Remote Sensing), Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, Survey of India, Doon
School and many other institution, offices and the growth of ancillary activities and other
infrastructure facilities have contributed considerably to the growth and physical expansion of
the city.

Thus, this unprecedented growth of institutions, offices, large and small scale industries, lime
based industries at Dehradun have triggered the problems of congestion in the central core of the
city and crippled the transportation system have resulted in overall environmental degradation.
However, till 1960, there was no effort to channelise the haphazard growth of the city. Under this
circumstances the city at present is suffering from a number of problems of uncontrolled and
haphazard development, severe traffic congestion, rapid growth of slums on low lands,
particularly at the beds of the seasonal streams and encroach of commercial activities.

METHODOLOGY PROPOSED

1. Collection of data/information including information on one ward under study.

2. Procurement of high resolution IKONOS satellite images/Downloading free from Google
Earth site.
3. Geo-referencing of high resolution IKONOS satellite images with respect to GCPs.
4. Design of format and structure of Tabular data for various features of whole town.
5. Interpretation of all physical features from satellite images.
6. Digitisation of various features and revenue boundaries.
7. Digitization and interpolation of elevation contours at 20m interval.
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 8. Generation of large scale base maps with necessary spatial and non-spatial data inputs
under different layers, such as administrative boundaries, buildings, some utilities, roads,
rails, canal, river, important landmarks, land use, forest cover etc.
9. Ground verification survey of the digitized layers as well establishment of GCPs for
geocoding of satellite images and other layers.
10. Verifying the various features identified through the satellite imageries and
superimposing them with the revenue boundaries.

It is proposed to carry out the work as follows:

IKONOS PAN sharpened colour digital data will be acquired and processed for atmospheric and
geometric errors. Analysed maps shall be generated at 1: 2,000 scale on hardcopy. All available
data including list of wards, list of properties in each ward, property codes and ward boundary
maps from Municipal Commissioner, will be supplied which will be updated using field survey.
GPS ground control survey shall be carried out for the entire municipal boundary for providing
about 10 or more control points evenly distributed over the area. . This would require extensive
ground survey. These control points will be post-processed to get the ground coordinates of
ground control data. Third order polynomial shall be used for the registration of images.

Other maps and thematic information shall be digitized for planimetric data captures. Survey of
India, Topographic maps and other thematic maps prepared by NATMO, Kolkata and GSI maps
shall also be used for the creation of various spatial layers. Extensive ground survey shall also be
carried out to collect other physical and terrain information required for GIS based study.

The digitisation process shall include vectorisation, symbolization, layering, edge matching,
topological integrity, and data base linking. All the available maps shall be scanned for
conversion into digital raster form. On-screen digitization will be carried out to create vector
layers for GIS database creation. It requires the use of well known GIS software such as ARC
GIS.

IKONOS images shall be classified digitally for the extraction of landuse and landcover maps at
1:2000 scale maps. It is proposed to use well known image processing package, such as ERDAS
for the classification of IKONOS images. First of all geo-referencing and geocoding of IKONOS
images and other data shall be carried out on WGS-84 with projection on UTM. Image
processing work will be undertaken to remove atmospheric and radiometric errors. Images shall
be rectified for further use. Control points shall be used for the registration of images. Mosaic of
images shall be prepared for landuse and landcover classification.

Other layers which shall be extracted from the IKONOS images include buildings, road network,
rail network, river network, canal network, ponds, tanks, reservoirs, plantation, orchards,
wasteland, saline land, alkaline land, waterlogged, agricultural land, habitation, bushy area,
riverine, grassy land etc. Each theme will be extracted from the raster classified IKONOS
images. Ground truth information shall be collected, digitized and compiled to prepare final
maps at 1:2000 scale. Ground truth information shall also be used for establishment of accuracy
of analysed maps. For this purpose GPS survey shall also be undertaken.

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DELIVERABLES:

1. Digital Data Products:

 A mosaiced and seamless, true color, high resolution image, providing complete
coverge across the entire area of AoI.
 Base maps showing the high-resolution imagery with landmarks and location
names, organized so as to provide a legible map without obscuring the satellite
image. These maps will be composed as:
i. One single A-0 size map sheet at approved scale, covering all of
the project area.
ii. One set of A-0 size map sheets at 1:2,000 scale, covering all built-
up areas within the project area.
 Digital data format compatible with ESRI data format

The work will be completed in one month time.

BUDGET

Consultants will develop a pilot project for a ward of Dehradun Municipal region, on “No-
profit No-loss” basis. However, the tentative budget and timeframe to carry out the work for
one ward of municipal corporation limit of Dehradun is given below.

S.No. Item Unit Cost (Rs.) Cost (Rs.)

1 Manpower
(a) Field Staff 15Nos 8,000.00 1,20,000.00
(b) Digitization work 06 Nos 10,000.00 60,000.00
(c) Image Analyst 1 No 15,000.00 15,000.00
(d) Database entry 5 No 8,000.00 40,000.00
(e) Integration 2 No 15,000.00 30,000.00
2 Satellite Image/Maps 40,000.00 40,000.00
3 Travel/Field Visits 20,000.00 20,000.00
4 Telephone/Fax/Stationery 20,000.00 20,000.00
5 Misc. 15,000.00 15,000.00
TOTAL 3,60,000.00

Note: For all the wards of Dehradun Municipal region, the cost of one ward as given above is
not to be directly multiplied by the number