APPROVAL
NEW PAGE ITEM CORRECTION DATE
Î Chapter 6 Update variable symbol and definition according to changes 10/13/2004
made in Equation 20-16.
7-3 Last sentence on Change the last sentence to read “The space mean speed is 1/13/2003
page 38.3 mi/h, calculated as (60)[3 ÷ (2.0 + 1.5 + 1.2)].”
7-6 4th paragraph Change first sentence to read "The slope of any ray line 6/29/2002
drawn from the origin of the speed-flow curve represents the
inverse of density, based …"
8-2 Pedestrian Change the third sentence to read “An average walking speed 1/13/2003
Characteristics of 4.0-ft/s is appropriate…”.
8-12 Exhibit 8-12 Change Facility descriptions for Detroit, MI to be “I-96 1/13/2003
Jeffries Freeway at Warren” and “Lodge at W. Grand Blvd.”
10-10 Exhibit 10-7 Correct service volumes (see attached tables). 6/29/2002
10-11 Exhibit 10-8 Delete middle yellow interval and associated dotted line to 7/26/2003
reflect a standard green-yellow-red phasing sequence (see
attached revised exhibit)
10-24 Correct chapter Change the third sentence following Exhibit 10-19 to read: 1/12/2004
reference “Chapter 16 provides…”
10-36 Reference 6 Add at the end, “…1982, specifically citing Mekky, A., On 1/13/2003
Estimating Turning Flows at Road Junctions, Traffic
Engineering and Control Journal, Vol. 20:10, October 1979,
pp. 486-487.
10-45, Equations A10-1 Correct equations A10-1 and A10-3 and associated text and 1/13/2003
10-46 and A10-3, Exhibit A10-9 for the Quick Estimation Method for
Exhibit A10-9 Signalized Intersections in Appendix A (see attached
material)
Î 12-15 Replace Exhibit Replace with Figure 7, NCHRP Project 20-7 (160). (See 10/13/2004
12–7b attached material.)
13-18 1st paragraph Revise first sentence to read "Procedures in Chapter 24 6/29/2002
generally apply to weaving segments between 500 to 2,500 ft
long." For the metric version, "…segments between 150 to
750 m long."
15-2 Exhibit 15-1 Revise first item in Input box to read “Define segments” 6/29/2002
15-8 Equation 15-6 Replace with Equations 15-6a and 15-6b and redefine terms 6/29/2002
(see attached material). For the U.S. Customary version of
the manual, substitute English units for the metric units
shown.
15-16 Example Prob. 1 In the table under Step 1, column two, change PF = 0.0 to PF 6/29/2002
= 1.0.
15-19 Example Prob. 2, Revise worksheet numbers, metric version (see revised 6/29/2002
Worksheet material)
Page 1 of 7
Updated 7/8/2005
Previous update 2/27/2004
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15-20 Correct appendix Change the fourth checked sentence under The Facts to read: 1/12/2004
reference “Segment lengths…described in Appendix B,”
15-22, Example Prob. 4, Revise value in Step 4 for k = 0.4. Revise calculated values 6/29/2002
15-23 solution steps and based on this change in other steps and worksheet on next
worksheet page (see revised material).
15-24, Example Prob. 5, Revise formula in Step 3 for d. Revise value in Step 4 for 6/29/2002
15-25 solution steps k = 0.4. Revise subsequent values in other steps based on
these changes (see revised material).
15-25 Appendix A Revise step 3 under LOS analysis to be: 6/29/2002
Page 2 of 7
Updated 7/8/2005
Previous update 2/27/2004
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NEW PAGE ITEM CORRECTION DATE
16-73 Capacity Add flow ratios:
worksheet NBpro = 0.084
NBper =0.000
SBper = 0.418
SBThRt = 0.322
EBper = 0.237
EBThRt = 0.170
WBThRt = 0.233.
16-144 Correct Equation The last part of Equation F16-3 should read: 1/12/2004
[1 − min(1, X )]
F16-3 (both cT
versions) ...u = 1 −
Qb
16-151, Equations G16-2 Replace NLG in the denominator of each equation with 1/14/2002
16-152 through G16-5 (fLU*NLG)
16-153 Equation G16-9 All places where (XL−1) appears should be replaced with 1/14/2002
(XL−1) + QbL/(cL*T). All places where kBXL appears should
be replaced with kBX. The results should be expressed in its
simplest form.
16-153 Terms under Define kB as "second-term incremental factor" 1/14/2002
Equation G16-9
17-7 1st paragraph and Change the third sentence in top paragraph to read "Base 7/28/2001,
sidebar values of tc and tf are shown for two- and four-lane major 6/29/2002
streets. Due to limitations in the available data, this
procedure is not applicable to intersections with six-lane
major streets."
v C P g q1
g q2 = (17-19)
s geff − v C P
Page 3 of 7
Updated 7/8/2005
Previous update 2/27/2004
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NEW PAGE ITEM CORRECTION DATE
17-16 Exhibit 17-12 Replace with two figures (see attached figures). 6/29/2002
17-16 Redefining f “f = the proportion of through and protected left turn traffic 6/29/2002
which departs the upstream signalized intersection and
subsequently arrives at the subject two-way stop-
controlled intersection with respect to the through and
protected left turn traffic departing the upstream
signalized intersection. If there are no opportunities for
vehicles to leave the roadway between the upstream
signalized intersection and the TWSC intersection, then
f is equal to 1.”
17-16 Add Equation 17- “The downstream flow after a period equal to the green time 6/29/2002
21b and text after the platoon reaches the unsignalized intersection is vc,g
and is given by:
g −gq
v c, g = vR p f + ( v c, max − vR p f )(1 − F)
17-17 Equation 17-22 Replace with the multi-part equation and following text (see 6/29/2002
attached material).
17-19 Equation 17-28 The equation 17-28 should read 6/29/2002,
modified
7/26/2003
⎧ v c , x − 1.5v c , min (1 − p x )
⎪ if v c , x > 1.5v c , min (1 − p x )
v c ,u , x = ⎨ px
⎪0
⎩ otherwise
Remove the definition “s” under equation 17-28 and add
Page 4 of 7
Updated 7/8/2005
Previous update 2/27/2004
APPROVAL
NEW PAGE ITEM CORRECTION DATE
17-19 New Equation Below equation 17-28 and the references to the 7/26/2003
17-28a variables in the equation, insert the following:
⎧ vc , x − vblock (1 − p x )
⎪ if vc , x > vblock (1 − p x )
v c ,u , x =⎨ px
⎪0
⎩ otherwise
Page 5 of 7
Updated 7/8/2005
Previous update 2/27/2004
APPROVAL
NEW PAGE ITEM CORRECTION DATE
20-3 Correct sentence Change the second sentence, sentence paragraph, under 1/12/2004
LEVELS OF SERVICE to read: “Exhibit 20-2 reflects the
boundary maximum values of percent…”
Î 20-10 Equation 20-7 To reduce the potential for misunderstanding, HCM Equation 10/13/2004
(20–7) should be rewritten using the exp function, as shown
below, rather than as e raised to a power:
BPTSF = 100 (1 – exp (–0.000879vp))
Î 20-20 Replace Equation Replace with Equation 7, NCHRP Project 20-7 (160). (See 10/13/2004
20–16 attached material.)
20-22 Equation 20-17 To reduce the potential for misunderstanding, HCM Equation 10/13/2004
(20–17) should be rewritten using the exp function, as shown
below, rather than as e raised to a power:
BPTSFd = 100 (1 – exp (avdb))
Î 20-23 Replace Exhibit Replace with Table 10, NCHRP Project 20-7 (160). (See 10/13/2004
20–20 attached material.)
Î 20-24 Replace Exhibit Replace with Table 9, NCHRP Project 20-7 (160). (See 10/13/2004
20–21 attached material.)
Î 20-39 to Update Example According to changes in Exhibit 20-20 and 20-21, and 10/13/2004
20-41 Problem 3 Equation 20-16.
20-41 Correct exhibit In the fourth box under “Average Travel Speed,” change the 1/12/2004
references references to “(Exhibit 20-7 or 20-13)”
Î 20-42 Correct equation Change the coefficient to 2 as the multiplier for 1.7 in the 7/24/2004
in Step 2 denominator (numerator not shown) of the ATSpl calculation
as follows:
⎛ 1 ⎞ 2(1.7)
1 + 2 .3 + ⎜ ⎟+
⎝ 1.11 ⎠ 1 + 1.11
Î 20-42 to Update Example According to changes in Exhibit 20-20 and 20-21, and 10/13/2004
20-43 Problem 4 Equation 20-16.
22-19, Correct box In the hexagonal box titled “Adjust HCM capacities?” delete 1/12/2004
22-46 numbering the number 5 reference to a step.
Î 22-56 Correct term in Revise the last term in the equation to read: 10/13/2004
equation A22-3 …− OFRD (i − 1,p)
23-5 Exhibit 23-3 Correct Exhibit 23-3 figure to comply with Exhibit 23-2 6/29/2002
values [no curves going beyond max flow rate of 2400
pc/h/ln nor dropping below 50mph; LOS A density line
angled to the left to intersect the 55mph curve at 600 pc/h/ln]
(see revised figure)
24-8 Exhibit 24-7 Correct the Nw equation for Type C configuration: the 6/29/2002
middle term should be … 0.00011L … and not 0.00011.
25-3 2nd paragraph Revise first bullet to read "Maximum total flow approaching 6/29/2002
a merge or diverge area on the freeway (vF)"
25-6 Exhibit 25-5 Correct Equation 2 under 6-lane freeways: the third term 6/29/2002
should be …–0.003296SFR … and not –0.003296.
25-17 Equation 25-12 Change the units in the definition for vF to (pc/h) from 6/29/2002
(pc/h/ln)
Page 6 of 7
Updated 7/8/2005
Previous update 2/27/2004
APPROVAL
NEW PAGE ITEM CORRECTION DATE
27-10 Top paragraph Revise last sentence of top paragraph to read, “For certain 1/13/2003
special conditions, users should multiply the base values by
1.2 (12) for heavy two-way flow (25-50% of passengers
moving in the opposite direction) through a single door
channel, and by 0.9 (16) for a low-floor bus. For primarily
single-direction flow through either double-stream doors or
two single-stream doors, the exhibit reduces the base values
for a single door channel by a factor of 0.6 (14,15).”
27-38 Correct chapter In the first checked sentence under “Comments” change the 1/12/2004
reference last reference to “(from Chapter 16);”
30-6 to Equations 30-5, Correct equations and exhibit under section titled 6/29/2002
30-8 30-6, 30-7, 30-8, “Determining Link Speed” (see attached material)
Exhibit 30-4
30-35 Correct Equation Correct Equation A30-15 by adding brackets as shown: 1/12/2004
A30-15 (both
3600 X ⎡ 8X2 ⎤
versions) D=5+ + 900T ⎢( X − 1 ) + ( x − 1 ) 2 + ⎥
v ⎢⎣ Tv ⎥⎦
Î 31-31 Add a reference Add an additional reference after number 1: 10/13/2004
1a. Elefteriadou, L., G. List, J. Leonard, H. Lieu, M.
Thomas, R. Giguere, R. Brewish, G. Johnson. Beyond
the Highway Capacity Manual: A Framework for
Selecting Simulation Models in Traffic Operational
Analyses. In Transportation Research Record 1678,
TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.,
1999, pp. 96−106.
Page 7 of 7
Highway Capacity Manual 2000
100
90
70
Percent Time-Spent-Following
60
40
30
20
10
0
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000
Directional Flow Rate (pc/h)
7/7/2005
Replace Exhibit 20-12 with the following:
Exhibit 20-12. Adjustment (fnp) To Percent Time-Spent Following for Percentage of No-
Passing Zones in Directional Segments
7/7/2005
Replace Exhibit 20-21 with the following:
⎛ Vd ⎞
PTSFd = BPTSFd + f np ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ d
V + V0 ⎠
where:
7/7/2005
Highway Capacity Manual 2000
EXHIBIT 23-3. SPEED-FLOW CURVES AND LOS FOR BASIC F REEWAY SEGMENTS
80
Free-Flow Speed, FFS = 75 mi/h
70 mi/h 1300
70
65 mi/h 1450
Average Passenger-Car Speed (mi/h)
60 mi/h 1600
60
55 mi/h 1750
LOS A B C D E
50
40
ln
mi/
pc/
30 n
i/l
11
p c/m i/ln
ty =
m
20 18 6 pc/ /mi/ln
nsi
2 5 pc
3 pc/mi/ln
De
45
10
0
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400
Flow Rate (pc/h/ln)
Note:
Capacity varies by free-flow speed. Capacity is 2400, 2350, 2300, and 2250 pc/h/ln at free-flow speeds of 70 and greater, 65,
60, and 55 mi/h, respectively.
For 70 < FFS ≤ 75
(3400 – 30FFS) < vp ≤ 2400
2.6
160 vp + 30FFS − 3400
S = FFS − FFS −
3 30FFS − 1000
For 55 ≤ FFS ≤ 70 and for flow rate (vp )
(3400 – 30FFS) < vp ≤ (1700 + 10FFS),
v + 30FFS − 3400
2.6
1
(
S = FFS − 7FFS − 340 p
9 )
40FFS − 1700
For 55 ≤ FFS ≤ 75 and
vp ≤ (3400 – 30FFS),
S = FFS
BFFS
Estimation of FFS for an existing or future freeway segment is accomplished by
adjusting a base free-flow speed downward to reflect the influence of four factors: lane
width, lateral clearance, number of lanes, and interchange density. Thus, the analyst is
required to select an appropriate BFFS as a starting point.
where
c = capacity (veh/h),
PHF = peak-hour factor, and
g/C = effective green time per cycle.
Refer to Equation 16-4 for definitions of all other factors.
See Chapter 16, “Signalized Intersections,” for the adjustment factor values. See
Chapter 10, “Urban Street Concepts,” for default values and approximation procedures
for adjustment factors.
For arterials with all-way stops controlling the link capacity, procedures in Chapter
17, “Unsignalized Intersections,” should be used to estimate the through movement
capacity at each intersection.
Capacity Tables
The accuracy of the speed estimates are highly dependent on the accuracy of the
estimated capacity for the facility. Consequently, it is recommended that each analyst use
capacities that are specific to each link whenever possible. However, it is recognized that
this procedure is not always feasible. The analyst may select sets of default values for the
various capacity adjustment factors that vary by functional class (freeway, highway,
arterial, collector, local), area type (downtown, urban, suburban, rural), terrain type
(level, rolling, mountainous), and other conditions. These default values may be
substituted into the above capacity equations to develop tables of link capacity values that
vary by functional class, area type, general terrain, and number of lanes.
2
( X − 1) 2 16 J ∗ X * L
R = Ro + Do + DM + 0.25 NT (X − 1) + +
N 2T 2
where: [add the following]
The link traversal time for free-flow conditions (Ro) is computed from the FFS,
using Equation 30-6.
L
Ro = (30-6)
So
where
Ro = FFS link traversal time (h),
L = link length (mi), and
So = link FFS (mi/h).
Place "Note that the free flow speed..." text on the following page here.
The zero-flow control delay for signalized intersections (if any) on the link is
computed using Equation 30-7.
2
N C g
Do = * DF * 1 − (30-7)
3600 2 C
where
Do = zero-flow control delay at signal (h),
N = number of signals on link,
3600 = conversion from seconds to hours,
g/C = average effective green time per cycle for signals on link (see Exhibit
10-12 for default values) (s),
C = average cycle length for all signals on link (see Exhibit 10-12 for
default values) (s), and
DF = adjustment factor to compute zero-flow control delay (0.9 for
uncoordinated traffic-actuated signals, 1.0 for uncoordinated fixed-time
signals, 1.2 for coordinated signals with unfavorable progression, 0.90
for coordinated signals with favorable progression, and 0.60 for
coordinated signals with highly favorable progression).
Place "Insert 1" text here
Calibration parameter J is
The calibration parameter J is selected so that the traversal time equation will predict used to arrive at a predicted
the mean speed of traffic when demand is equal to capacity. Substituting x = 1.00 in the mean speed when demand
equals capacity
traversal time equation and solving for J yields Equation 30-8:
See new equation for 30-8 (R − R )2
J = c o
(30-8)
L2
where
J = calibration parameter,
Rc = link traversal time when demand equals capacity (h),
Ro = FFS link traversal time (h), and
L = link length (mi).
Note that the free flow speed (SO) for signalized streets is defined as the mid-block free flow
speed between signals. For this reason a zero flow control delay (DO) and a segment delay (DM )
are added to the link travel time at zero flow.
(30-7)
Insert 1:
The segment delay between signals (DM) is computed by subtracting the Segment Running Time
per mile (TR) (obtained from Exhibit 15-3) from the free flow travel time per mile for the
signalized urban street and multiplying the result by the total length of the street. DM equals zero
if there are no signals on the street or if they are so far apart that they do not affect the speed of
traffic between signals.
The running time per mile (TR) is obtained from Exhibit 15-3 according to the urban street class,
free flow speed, and the average distance between signals on the link.
The running time per mile at free flow speed (TO) is computed according to Equation 30-7b.
To = L S o (30-7b)
where:
L = Link length (mi)
TO = running time per mile at free flow speed (sec)
SO = free flow speed (mi/h)
(30-8)
(Rc − Ro − Do − DM ) 2
J=
L2
Intensity
The possible performance measures for measuring the intensity of congestion on one
of the highway subsystems (freeway, rural highway, and arterial) are computed from one
or more of the following: person-hours of travel, person-hours of delay, mean trip speed,
and mean trip delay. If average vehicle occupancy (AVO) data are not available, the
performance measures are computed in terms of vehicle-hours rather than person-hours.
Equation 30-9 is used to compute person-hours of travel.
Li
PHT = AVO i * v i * (30-9)
Si
where
PHT = total person-hours of travel,
vi = vehicle demand on Link i,
AVOi = average vehicle occupancy on Link i,
Li = length of Link i (mi), and
Si = mean speed of Link i (mi/h).
This table is provided for the convenience of the analyst and should be considered approximate.
Precise values of “J” can be computed using Equation 30-8.