Yarway Turbo-Cascade®

High Pressure Control Valve

Designed and constructed to accept pressure drops

of the highest magnitude.

General Description
• Incorporates three separate
functions of (1) positive fluid shut-off,
(2) regulation and, (3) pressure
letdown.
• Designed and constructed to
accept pressure drops of the
highest magnitude.
• Assured disc-seat alignment through
above and below seat guiding
element.
• Suitable for modulating or on-off
services.
• Can be provided with pneumatic,
hydraulic, or electric actuators.
• Choice of forged body materials.
• Rigorously tested and proven
successful.
• Successful performance record in
scores of utility steam plants.
• Need for reducers can be eliminated.
Normally, inlet and outlet end
connections can match existing line
sizes.
• Quiet operation resulting from
velocity control.

Yarway is either a trademark or registered trademark of Tyco International Services AG or its affiliates in the
Flow Control United States and/or other countries. All other brand names, product names, or trademarks belong to their
respective holders.

Copyright © 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved. YAWMC-0401-US-0910

 Yarway Turbo-Cascade®
High Pressure Control Valve
Potentially destructive erosive forces
exist in high velocity flow through a
valve. Their effects can show up as
grooves cut into the valve’s internal
surfaces by an erosive process called
wiredrawing.
Or the pressure drop can cause
cavitation damage which occurs as a
consequence of the collapse of vapor
bubbles in the fluid flow stream. The
bubbles are formed when the fluid
pressure is reduced below its vapor
pressure at a given temperature. When
the system pressure again rises above
the vapor pressure, the bubbles
collapse or implode. Accompanied
by a cracking noise, the implosions
release vast amounts of energy which
can tear holes in the walls of the valve
body and destroy internal parts.
The Need for High
Pressure Valves
Control of erosive and cavitational
forces is a primary objective of the
design of high pressure valves.
Various stacked disc designs, for
instance, operate on the principle of
fixed orifices, or flow paths, in parallel.
As such a valve opens, the fixed flow
areas are progressively uncovered by
the valve plug. Individual flow area
does not increase.
These small flow areas act as fluid
strainers and the valve can become
clogged with debris causing a loss
of both flow and control.
Other designs take an approach based
on multiple orifices only one of which is
variable. But this means that the single
variable orifice must handle the entire
pressure differential across the valve.
Copyright © 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved.
Yarway’s Design Approach
Yarway’s Turbo-Cascade control valve,
on the other hand, is based on the
principle of multiple variable orifices in
series. In this design, which has the
benefit of more than a decade of
refinement by Yarway engineers, the
total flow area increases as the valve
modulates toward the open position.
Angular passages or flutes, in a
bushing, direct the fluid through the flow
areas or stages which increase in area
toward the valve outlet, thus providing
higher pressure drop on the inlet stages
of the valve and a decreasing pressure
drop in each stage toward the valve
outlet.
In this design, all pressure drops and
pressure recovery occur above the
vapor pressure, so no cavitation will
occur within the valve.
Turbo-Cascade valves are
manufactured from forged steel bar
to assure homogeneity. Connections
are available to match inlet and outlet
line sizes. In many applications,
pipeline reducers or expanders
can be eliminated.
YAWMC-0401
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 Yarway Turbo-Cascade®
High Pressure Control Valve

Stem for pneumatic,

hydraulic, or electric
actuator

Inlet Nozzle

Inlet Nozzle
Seat

Bushing Seal

Cascade Shaft
Cascade Bushing

Piston Lobe

Body

Copyright © 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved. YAWMC-0401

3
 Yarway Turbo-Cascade®
High Pressure Control Valve

Typical Applications

Liquid Service
Desuperheating Spray Water Control System
1. Centrifugal pump
Steam flow from
recirculation systems.
superheater outlet 2. Pressurizer relief valves.
To H.P.
Heater Controller 3. Pressure reducing systems.
positioner
How it Works
Desuperheater
sprayhead The valve divides the fluid flow into
Turbo-
multiple streams and breaks down the
Manual Manual
isolation cascade isolation high pressure in separate stages by
valve valve valve Thermal inducing 90 degree changes in flow
Gate shield
valve direction to dissipate energy.
Manual bypass
valve As shown in Figure 2, the total pressure
Check Temperature drop of 2800 psi is broken down into four
valve Temperature sensor
transmitter
successive breakdowns of 1297 psi (first
stage), 793 psi (second stage), 465 psi
(third stage), and 245 psi (fourth stage).
B.F. Pump
To steam turbine Because the reducing pressure spike at
no time goes below the vapor pressure
Boiler Feed Pump Recirculation Control System of 35 psia, cavitation will not occur.
Each stage of pressure letdown is
Gate at right angles to the following stage.
valve Deaerator This causes the fluid passing through
the valve to change flow direction as
Turbo- 3-way air it cascades down through the valve,
cascade solenoid
valve valve dissipating additional energy. In
To H.P. Heater
addition, each Turbo-Cascade valve
has a fixed orifice in its outlet to provide
yet another stage of pressure drop that
Flow- eliminates the possibility of cavitation
meter in the last stage.
As shown in the cutaway illustration
Flow sensor orifice
(Figure 3), the cage or bushing through
which the cascade piston travels has
cast grooves which provides an
increase in flow area as the fluid passes
Application Conditions
Pi = Qb = 600 gpm
through the valve. The cascade shaft
3100 has precisely machined lobes that
psig Pi = 3100 psig
move up and down inside the fluted
Pd = 300 psig
bushing. Varying the position of the
DP = 2800 psi lobes within the fluted bushing varies
ΔP1 = 1297 psig T = 260°F the area exposed to flow and thus
#1
Stage Pv = 35 psia controls valve capacity.
1803 psig G = 0.94
P
To increase flow area further, the
Cv = 11 (4 stages)
(psig) #2 ΔP2 = 793 psig diameter of the cascade shaft between
Stage the lobes decreases toward the valve
1010 psig
ΔP3 = 465 psig outlet.The increasingly larger flow area
#3 forces higher pressure drop on the
Stage 545 psig ΔP4 = 245 psig
P d = 300 psig upper inlet stages. This is to assure that
#4
P v = 35 psia Stage the pressure at all points within the
valve remains above the vapor pressure
of the liquid, thus preventing cavitation.
Valve
Inlet

Figure 2 - Controlled pressure reduction in Yarway valves helps prevent cavitation, which
can occur if pressure drops below the vapor pressure of the liquid. Consult Yarway if the
pressure at the outlet of the Turbo-Cascade valve is near liquid vapor pressure.

Copyright © 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved. YAWMC-0401

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 Yarway Turbo-Cascade®
High Pressure Control Valve

Seatless Valves for Pressures to 935 psi – Class 250 to 600

Pressure Reduction Capacity

The Turbo-Cascade valve’s pressure- Fig. 3a Fig. 3b Fig. 3c
reduction capability depends on the
number of pressure-reduction stages
incorporated into the valve for a given
set of conditions. Normally, 600 psi
is the upper limit for one stage, two
stages are used for 1500 psi, four
stages for 3000 psi and six stages
for pressures over 3000 psi.
The cutaway section of the bushing
(Figure 3) shows the fluid flow passages
that provide staged pressure
breakdown. Three stages are illustrated,
but up to six can be provided for very
high pressure differentials. With the
cascade shaft in the closed position in
the bushing (Fig. 3a), drop-tight shut-off
can be achieved. Throttling position and
a full open position are shown in Figs.
3b and 3c.
With the cascade shaft in the full open
position, the lobes are at mid-point of
the flutes in the bushing and maximum Figure 3 – Yarway technique for pressure letdown.
flow occurs.

Valve Actuation
The valve is designed for compatibility
with a variety of actuators and
positioners – pneumatic, hydraulic or
electric. A simple form of actuator is
a cylinder for on-off operation. The
position of the actuator is controlled
by a solenoid valve that opens or closes
the Turbo-Cascade on signal. Valves
requiring flow modulation are equipped
with cylinder or diaphragm actuators
and appropriate positioners.
A hydraulic balancing technique is used
in larger Turbo-Cascade valves for very
high pressures to provide automatic
operation. Smaller valves, with up to 2"
intervals, are unbalanced and can
easily be operated by pneumatic piston
or diaphragm actuators. In larger sizes,
most have balanced pistons so that
pneumatic actuators can be used.
Turbo-Cascade valves are quiet by
design. The fluted flow configuration
of the internals effectively limits fluid
velocity at all points within the valve,
thus preventing a high operating sound-
pressure level in even the most severe
pressure letdown situations.
The design of the valve places the
seating surfaces on the upstream or
high pressure side with flow over the
seat. A slight deadband protects the
seating surfaces, allowing them to
separate before appreciable flow
begins. These features combine to
provide tight shut-off in high pressure
service over extended periods of time.

Copyright © 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved. YAWMC-0401

5
 Yarway Turbo-Cascade®
High Pressure Control Valve

Basic Calculations for Sizing Turbo-Cascade Valves

Maximum DP per stage is 750 psi. A sample calculation follows:

1. Flow coefficient or Cv is calculated Flow Q = 248 gpm
using the basic equation:
Inlet Pressure P1 = 1500 psia
Q Outlet Pressure P2 = 250 psia
Cv = √ DP
Shut-off Pressure Pso = 1500 psia
SG
Temperature T = 364°F
where:
Vapor Pressure Pv = 164 psia
Cv = Flow Coefficient
Specific Gravity SG = 0.88
DP = Pressure Drop,
Critical Pressure
Inlet to Outlet
Ratio rc = 0.88
SG = Fluid Specific Gravity
Recovery Factor FL = 0.93
(since a 2 stage is chosen for 1250DP)
2. Choked flow due to flashing and/or
cavitation must also be considered
True DP = P1 - P2
using the equation:
= 1500 - 250
DPallowable = FL2 [P1 - (rc x Pv)]
= 1250 psi
where:
DPallowed = FL2 [P1 - (rc x Pv)]
FL = Valve Recovery
= [1500 - (0.88 x 164)]
Coefficient
(2 stage = 0.93, = 1168 psi
4 stage = 0.96,
6 stage = 0.98) Use the smaller of DPtrue or DPallowed in
rc = Critical Pressure Ratio the above equation.
(Use Specific Gravity)
Q
P1 = Inlet Pressure (psia) Cv = √ DP
Pv = Vapor Pressure (psia) SG
P2 = Outlet Pressure (psia)
248
DPtrue = P1 - P2 Cv = √ 1168
0.88
In sizing, use the smaller of the DP
which will result in a larger Cv required. Cv = 6.8

Select Class 900 ANSI Valve with

2 stages, Trim Number 0903 (Cv = 7.6).
Select desired end connections.

How to Specify Turbo-Cascade Valves

Control valve for ____________________
service, Tag No. ____________________ ,
in accordance with data sheet attached,
shall be a Yarway Turbo-Cascade valve,
Series 5400, forged steel body,
incorporating separate elements for
tight shut-off and throttling.
Pressure reduction shall be
accomplished in stages to dissipate
pressure and control velocity by
directing the fluid through a series of
variable orifices whose individual flow
area increases as the valve is opened.
The fluid pressure breakdown shall take
place through a series of characterized
passages between the stem and the
bushing whose flow area will be of
sufficient cross-sectional area to
preclude the possibility of obstruction
by foreign particles. Valve shall operate
with a sound pressure level of 90 dBA
or less measured three feet from the
valve, three feet downstream.

Copyright © 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved. YAWMC-0401

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 Yarway Turbo-Cascade®
High Pressure Control Valve

Flow Coefficients

Flow Coefficients (Unbalanced Valve) Flow Coefficients (Balanced Valve)

Class, Trim Cv Kv Stages End Connections1 Class, Trim Cv Kv Stages End Connections
ANSI No. Standard Inlet/Outlet ANSI No. Inlet Outlet
900 0941 3.8 3.3 1 1, 11/2 900 946 94 80.69 1 3,4,6 3,4,6,8
900 0942 7.3 6.3 1 1, 11/2, 2 900 947 140 120.17 1 3,4,6,8 3,4,6,8,10
900 0943 15.9 13.6 1 11/2, 2 900 948 190 163.10 1 4,6,8 4,6,8,10
900 0944 31.0 26.6 1 2, 3 900 949 255 218.88 1 6,8,10 6,8,10,12
900 0945 43.0 36.9 1 2, 3 900 950 360 309.01 1 6,8,10 6,8,10,12
900 0951 94.5 81.1 1 3, 4 900 916 53 45.49 2 3,4,6 3,4,6,8
900 0901 2.3 2.0 2 1, 11/2 900 917 78 66.95 2 3,4,6,8 3,4,6,8,10
900 0902 4.4 3.8 2 1, 11/2, 2 900 918 112 96.14 2 4,6,8 4,6,8,10
900 0903 7.6 6.6 2 11/2, 2 900 919 148 127.04 2 6,8,10 6,8,10,12
900 0904 18.0 15.5 2 2, 3 900 920 190 163.10 2 6,8,10 6,8,10,12
900 0905 26.5 22.7 2 2, 3 1500 1516 53 45.49 2 3,4,6 3,4,6,8
900 0930 56.0 48.1 2 3, 4 1500 1517 78 66.95 2 3,4,6,8 3,4,6,8,10
1500 1501 2.3 2.0 2 1, 11/2 1500 1518 112 96.14 2 4,6,8 4,6,8,10
1500 1502 4.4 3.8 2 1, 11/2, 2 1500 1519 148 127.04 2 6,8,10 6,8,10,12
1500 1503 7.6 6.6 2 11/2, 2 1500 1520 190 163.10 2 6,8,10 6,8,10,12
1500 1504 18.0 15.5 2 2, 3 1500 1521 27.5 23.61 4 3,4,6 3,4,6,8
1500 1505 26.5 22.7 2 2, 3 1500 1522 42 36.05 4 3,4,6,8 3,4,6,8,10
1500 1506 1.1 0.9 4 1, 11/2 1500 1523 58 49.79 4 4,6,8 4,6,8,10
1500 1507 2.2 1.9 4 1, 11/2, 2 1500 1524 81 69.53 4 6,8,10 6,8,10,12
1500 1508 4.8 4.1 4 11/2, 2 2500 2516 53 45.49 2 3,4,6 3,4,6,8
1500 1509 9.0 7.7 4 2, 3 2500 2517 78 66.95 2 3,4,6,8 3,4,6,8,10
1500 1510 16.5 14.2 4 2, 3 2500 2518 112 96.14 2 4,6,8 4,6,8,10
2500 2501 2.3 2.0 2 1, 11/2 2500 2519 148 127.04 2 6,8,10 6,8,10,12
2500 2502 4.4 3.8 2 1, 11/2, 2 2500 2520 190 163.10 2 6,8,10 6,8,10,12
2500 2503 7.6 6.6 2 11/2, 2 2500 2521 27.5 23.61 4 3,4,6 3,4,6,8
2500 2504 18.0 15.5 2 2, 3 2500 2522 42 36.05 4 3,4,6,8 3,4,6,8,10
2500 2505 26.5 22.7 2 2, 3 2500 2523 58 49.79 4 4,6,8 4,6,8,10
2500 2506 1.1 0.9 4 1, 11/2 2500 2524 81 69.53 4 6,8,10 6,8,10,12
2500 2507 2.2 1.9 4 1, 11/2, 2 2500 2526 21 18.03 6 3,4,6 3,4,6,8
2500 2508 4.8 4.1 4 11/2, 2 2500 2527 31 26.61 6 3,4,6,8 3,4,6,8,10
2500 2509 9.0 7.7 4 2, 3 2500 2528 42 36.05 6 4,6,8 4,6,8,10
2500 2510 16.5 14.2 4 2, 3
2500 2511 0.87 0.75 6 1, 11/2
2500 2512 1.6 1.4 6 1, 11/2, 2
2500 2513 3.5 3.0 6 11/2, 2
2500 2514 7.0 6.0 6 2, 3
2500 2515 13.0 11.2 6 2, 3

Note: 1. Standard inlet and outlet 1" through 2 " flanged or socketweld,
3" and larger buttweld end. Nominal Line Size – Inches.

Copyright © 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved. YAWMC-0401

7
Yarway Turbo-Cascade®
High Pressure Control Valve

Unbalanced Turbo-Cascade Valve

Minimum
Minimum E
E
12" removal
12” Removal
clearance
Clearance Piping
Piping
clearance
Clearance

D
9

16, 17
16, 17

24
4

18

15

19

11, 12
13, 14
C
11
2

21

22
Flow 7
8

27 20

A 26

6
F
5
23
23
Nominal
Nominal 10
27
Pipe O.D.
Pipe O.D.
B
B

Copyright © 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved. YAWMC-0401

8
 Yarway Turbo-Cascade®
High Pressure Control Valve

Unbalanced Turbo-Cascade Valve

Parts and Materials

Item Part Material
1 Body/Inlet Connection ASME SA105
2 Actuator Adapter ASME SA105
3 Packing Gland ASME SA105
41 Gland Bushing ASTM A479 Type S21800
51 Cascade Shaft ASME SA479 Gr. 410
6 Cascade Seat ASTM A747 CB7 CU-1 (17-4PH)
7 Spacer Sleeve AISI Type 416 SST
81 Pin Type 18-8 SST
91 Stem ASME SA564 Gr. 630 (17-4)
10 Orifice AISI Type 316 SST
11 Stud ASME SA193 Gr. B7
12 Hex Nut ASME SA194 Gr. 2H
13 Name and Date Plate Type 18-8 SSTl
14 Drive Screws Type 18-8 SST
15 Pipe Plug ASME SA182 Gr. F316
16 Gland Stud ASME SA193 Gr. B7
17 Hex Nut ASME SA194 Gr. 2H
18 Lantern Ring AISI Type 416 SST
191 Packing Carbon Yarn and Graphite
201 Seal TFE/Egiloy
211 Upper Gasket Spiral Wound Inconel® w/GRAFOIL®
221 Piston Ring AISI Type 410 SST
231 O-ring Fluoraz® (TFE-Propylene)
24 Locknut Carbon Steel
261 Vent Ring 17-4PH SST
271 Belleville Washer 15-7Mo SST AMS5657
Notes:
1. Recommended spare parts for service inspection (on hand).
2. Valve constructed in accordance with ANSI B.16.34 and B.16.5 with tolerances per B.16.11
3. Temperature limitation: 500°F.
4. Install any valve with minimum straight piping 6" upstream, 18" downstream. Install any reducers at
end of straight runs.

Dimensions, in. [mm]

Nominal
Valve Sizes A B C D E
1 [25] 14 1/16 [357] 6 1/2 [165] 913/16 [250] 28 7/16 [722] 9 1/2 [241]
1 1/2 [40] 14 1/16 [357] 7 3/4 [197] 101/2 [267] 42 5/16 [1074] 12 1/2 [318]
2 [50] 17 [432] 8 1/4 [210] 111/ 6 [281] 42 5/16 [1074] 12 1/2 [318]

Note: Actuator height depends on application and accessories required.

Contact your sales representative.

Copyright © 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved. YAWMC-0401

9
Yarway Turbo-Cascade®
High Pressure Control Valve

Balanced Turbo-Cascade Valve

Minimum
Minimum Piston
Pistonoperator
Operator 44
12" removal 44
Removal
12” clearance
Clearance 23
23
H Piping
H Piping
clearance
Clearance
45
45

46
46
23
23

34
40

39
39
32
32 38

D 29
29
30
30

9 14

16, 17
4
33

15 19

18 8, 13

37
11, 12
2

C
C 11

21
35, 36

Flow 7
20
20
33
33
22

43 5
A
6
25

31

42
42
B

Copyright © 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved. YAWMC-0401

10
 Yarway Turbo-Cascade®
High Pressure Control Valve

Balanced Turbo-Cascade Valve

Parts and Materials

Item Part Material Item Part Material
1 Body/Inlet Connection ASME SA105 221 Venting Ring 17-4PH SST
2 Actuator Adapter ASME SA105 231 Piston Ring Type 420 SST
3 Packing Gland AISI 4140 251 O-ring Fluoraz® (TFE-Propylene)
4 Gland Bushing ASTM A479 Type S21801 291 Gasket Graph-Lock
51 Cascade Shaft ASME SA479 Gr. 410 301 Pilot Seat AISI Type 410 SST
61 Cascade Seat ASTM A747 CB7 CU-1 (17-4PH) 31 Orifice AISI Type 316 SST
7 Spacer Sleeve AISI Type 416 SST 32 Actuator —
8 Nameplate Type 18-8 SST 331 Bellville Washer 15-7Mo SST AMS5657
8A Nameplate Type 18-8 SST 341 Pin Type 304 SST
91 Valve Stem ASME SA564 Gr. 630 351 Cap Screw Type 18-8 SST
11 Stud ASME SA193 Gr. B7 361 Lockwasher Type 410 SST
12 Hex Nut ASME SA194 Gr. 2H 371 O-ring Fluoraz® (TFE-Propylene)
13 Drive Screws Type 18-8 SST 381 Collar ASTM A583 Type 416 SST
14 Jam Nut Carbon Steel 391 Pilot Valve AMS 5385 Stellite
15 Pipe Plug ASME SA105 401 Spacer ASME SA479 Gr. 410
16 Gland Stud ASME SA193 Gr. B7 41 Warning Label —
17 Hex Nut ASME SA194 Gr. 2H 42 Pipe Plug Type 18-8 SST
18 Lantern Ring AISI Type 416 SST 43 Nozzle Stellite
191 Packing Carbon Yarn and Graphite 441 Piston Type 17-4PH SST
201 Seal TFE/Egiloy 451 Locknut Type 18-8 SST
211 O-ring Fluoraz® (TFE-Propylene) 461 Stem Retainer ASME SA564 Gr. 630 (17-4)

Notes:
1. Recommended spare parts for service inspection (on hand).
2. Valve constructed in accordance with ANSI B.16.34 & B.16.5 with tolerances per B.16.11
3. Temperature limitation: 500°F.
4. Install any valve with minimum straight piping 6" upstream, 18" downstream. Install any reducers at end of straight runs.

Dimensions, in. [mm]

Dimensions, in [mm]
Nominal A A B
Valve 1&2 4 Stages 4 Stages 6 1&2 4 6 C D H
Size Stages 1500 2500 Stages Stages Stages Stages
21 3/4 21 3/4 21 3/4 28 13 3/8 13 3/8 13 3/8 17 33 9/16 10 1/4
3"
[552] [552] [552] [711] [340] [340] [340] [432] [852] [260]

4" 25 5/8 25 5/8 25 1/8 32 1/ 2 13 13 14 7/8 17 1/ 2 33 9/16 10 1/4

[651] [651] [638] [826] [330] [330] [378] [445] [852] [260]
20 3/8 Contact 12 3/8 Contact 16 3/4 33 9/16 10 1/4
6" — — —
[518] Sales [314] Sales [426] [852] [260]

Actuator height depends on application and accessories required. Contact your sales representative for more information.

Copyright © 2009 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved. YAWMC-0401

11
 Yarway Turbo-Cascade®
High Pressure Control Valve

Tyco Flow Control (TFC) provides the information herein in good faith but makes no representation as to its comprehensiveness or accuracy. This data sheet is intended only as a guide to TFC products and services.
Individuals using this data sheet must exercise their independent judgment in evaluating product selection and determining product appropriateness for their particular purpose and system requirements. TFC MAKES NO
REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE WITH RESPECT TO
THE INFORMATION SET FORTH HEREIN OR THE PRODUCT(S) TO WHICH THE INFORMATION REFERS. ACCORDINGLY, TFC WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR DAMAGES (OF ANY KIND OR NATURE, INCLUDING
INCIDENTAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES) RESULTING FROM THE USE OF OR RELIANCE UPON THIS INFORMATION. Patents and Patents Pending in the U.S.and foreign countries. Tyco
reserves the right to change product designs and specifications without notice. All registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Printed in the USA.

Copyright © 2005 Tyco Flow Control. All rights reserved. YAWMC-0401 www.tycoflowcontrol.com
12