• Circular Coil
• Magnetic field lebih luas dan
dalam
• Non fokal (presisi
neuroanatomi rendah)
• Pemeriksaan klinis atau
diagnostik
RESTING ACTIVE
MOTOR MOTOR
THRESHOLD (RMT) THRESHOLD Faktor yang mempengaruhi:
VS
(AMT) • Usia
• Status kesadaran,
mengantuk, tidur
• Posisi tubuh dan postur
• Obat
• Agen psikoaktif ↓
• Benzodiazepine,
Barbiturate, OAE ↑
Metode Pengukuran Motor Threshold
RMT with EMG
Single-pulse stimulator output intensity, yang menimbulkan MEP dengan amplitudo peak
to peak minimal 50 µV ≥50% percobaan (metode Rossini-Rothwell : ≥5/10)
Pengukuran Motor Threshold
• Intensitas 35% dan lakukan single pulse stimulation
• Dinaikkan 5% sampai MEP (+) dan berikan beberapa stimulasi (untuk
memastikan respons)
• Rekam 10 MEP
• Turunkan intensitas 1% sampai ≥5/10 percobaan menunjukkan MEP ≥50µV.
Alternatif : ≥3/6
• Motor Hotspot : area dengan motor threshold terendah
Sistem Navigasi pada TMS
Phosphene Threshold
METODE
STIMULASI TMS
Letak Coil TMS
Interval
Time course
Conditioning Test
The amplitude is
CS TS compared with TS only
Interval between CS
and TS is 2ms
Short-Interval Intracortical Inhibition &
Facilitation (SICI & SICF)
TS CS
1ms 2ms 3ms 4ms 5ms 6ms 8ms 10ms
Amplitude 1.38 0.7 0.66 0.56 0.85 0.86 0.81 1.54 1.51
Ratio CS:TS 0.5 0.48 0.41 0.62 0.62 0.59 1.11 1.09
Short-Interval Intracortical Inhibition
(SICI)
PHYSIOLOGY
❖ GABAergic mechanism.
❖ Lorazepam (GABAA agonist) increase the inhibition on SICI
test.
❖ The mechanism is on the cortical level. The Conditioning
stimulus suppressing the recruitment of descending volleys by
the Test stimulus.
Kujirai T, et al. J Physiol. 1993. Di Lazzaro V, et al. Clin. Neurophysiol. 2003; 2004
Short-Interval Intracortical Facilitation
(SICF)
PHYSIOLOGY
❖ The inhibiton is produced by input from somatosensory
cortex/ other connecting pathways.
❖ Mediated by excitatory cholinergic input onto GABAergic
interneurons in M1 and the alpha 1 GABAA receptor subunit
Depression Potentiation
rTMS
TBS
PAS
tDCS
Quartarone et al., 2006
Metode Stimulasi TMS
rTMS
10 20 30 40 50 60 minutes
Intervention
Baseline
10 20 30 40 50 60 minutes
Intervention
Baseline
Metode Stimulasi TMS
rTMS
cTBS
QPS_50
• Electrical stimuli on
peripheral nerve at 300%
perceptual threshold.
• Paired with TMS at 1mV
threshold.