BAB 1 - FLUID AND PROPERTIES (BENDALIR DAN SIFATNYA)

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Membincangkan tentang bendalir (gas atau cecair)
 Bendalir statik kaitan jisim, tenaga, daya, momentum dari
sifat-sifat biasa bendalir 4.Specific volume, v is defined as the reciprocal of mass density. It is used to mean
 Bendalir dinamik volume per unit mass. (SI units, m3/kg ).
- Fluid Mechanics is a section of applied mechanics, concerned with the
static and dynamics of liquids and gases. or
Fluid/Bendalir
Bendalir ≡ suatu bahan yang mengalami perubahan bentuk berterusan atau 5.Viscosity - A fluid at rest cannot resist shearing forces but once it is in motion,
mengalir apabila dikenakan daya ricih. Ianya terdiri drp gas dan cecair. shearing forces are set up between layers of fluid moving at different velocities. The
 Bentuk bendalir berubah bila dikenakan daya, ia bergerak atau
viscosity of the fluid determines the ability of the fluid in resisting these shearing
mengalir. Bentuknya sentiasa berubah selagi daya dikenakan
 Perubahan bentuk berlaku kerana daya ricih yang bertindak tangen stresses.
kepada permukaan Pekali kelikatan dinamik - daya ricih bg satu unit luas yg diperlukan utk
menggerakkan satu lapisan bendalir.
PRESSURE (TEKANAN) :-
i. Atmosphere P. (Atmosfera), Po or Patm- ialah tekanan yang disebabkan Kelikatan Kinematik - nisbah diantara kelikatan dinamik dan ketumpatan jisim.
oleh atmosfera dipermukaan bumi. Ia adalah bersamaan dengan 10.35m
turus air atau 101.3kN/m2 atau 769mmHg (turus raksa) dari aras laut.
ii. Vaccum (Hampagas), Pv – ialah ruang yang kosong di mana tekanan
adalah sifar.
iii. P.Gauge(Tolok), PG – ialah keamatan tekanan diukur berbanding dengan
tekanan atmosfera. 1. What is the mass density (ketumpatan jisim), ρ of fluid (in kg/m3) if mass is 450 g
iv. Absolute P.(Mutlak), PA – ialah keamatan tekanan diukur dari sifar mutlak, and the volume is 9 cm3.
yakni hampagas sebenar. 2. What is the specific volume, v of fluid
Tekanan Mutlak = Tekanan Tolok + Tekanan Atmosfera. Solution
1.Berapakah nilai tekanan Tolok, PG di dalam selinder udara, jika tekanan
atmosfera, Po ialah 101.3 kN/m2 dan tekanan Mutlak, PA ialah 460 kN/m2. 1.
pA = 460 kN/m2 patm = 101.3 kN/m2 pG = ?
Absolute pressure, PA = Gauge pressure, PG + atmospheric pressure, Po
pG = pA – pO
2.
= 460 – 101.3
= 358.7kN/m2

Solve the problems below: 3. What is the specific weight,  of fluid (in kN/m3) if the weight of fluid is 10 N and the
1. A Bourdon pressure gauge attached to a boiler located at sea level shows volume is 500 cm2.
a reading pressure of 7 bar. If atmospheric pressure is 1.013 bar, what is the
= 20 000 N/m3
absolute pressure in that boiler (in kN/m2) ? 801.3kN/m 2

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUID (SIFAT-SIFAT FIZIKAL BENDALIR)

Untuk mengukur perbezaan kelakuan sifat-sifat bendalir tertentu digunakan.
Sifat-sifat bendalir adalah ketumpatan jisim, berat tentu, graviti tentu, isipadu 4. What is the specific gravity of fluid in Example 1.2
tentu dan kelikatan.
Sifat-sifat bendalir
1. Ketumpatan 2. Kelikatan 3. Tekanan wap
4. Kebolehmampatan 5. Tegangan permukaan 6. Kererambutan
(capillarity)
Bahan, ρ (kgm-3)
Air 1000
Raksa 13.6
Udara 1.23 x 10-3
Paraffin oil 0.8

1.Mass density, ρ is defined as the mass per unit volume.( SI units, kg/m3 )

ASSESSMENT TASK
Q1.Januari 2004
a). Define the physical properties of the following;
2.Specific weight,  is defined as the weight per unit volume.( SI units, N/m3 ) i. Mass density
ii. Specific gravity
, , (where iii. Specific weight
iv. Specific volume
g = 9.81m/sec2) (10 markah)
b). Tekanan tolok bendalir di dalam sebuah silinder ialah 350 kN/m2.
In SI units the specific weight of water is 9.81 x 1000 = 9810 N/m3
i. Cari tekanan di dalam ungkapan turus air dan turus raksa
3.Specific gravity or relative density, s is the ratio of the weight of the ii. Tentukan tekanan mutlak di dalam silinder jika tekanan
substance to the weight of an equal volume of water at 4 ºC. atmosfera ialah 101.3 kN/m2.
(10 markah)
Q2. Julai 2004
a). If the mass and the respective volume of air is 5.11 kg and 650
cm3, calculate:
i. Mass density
ii. Specific gravity of air
iii. Specific weight
iv. Specific volume (14markah)
c). Define three (3) of the following pressure measurements:-
i. Atmospheric Pressure
ii. Pressure Gauge
iii. Absolute Pressure (6 markah)

Q3. Januari 2005

a). State definitions for the following;
i. pressure gauge
ii. absolute pressure
iii. atmospheric pressure
iv. vacuum pressure (10markah)
b). If the volume, mass and the dynamic viscosity of oil are 7.3 m3, 6500 kg
and 10-3 N s/m2 respectively. Determine :
i. mass density
ii. Specific gravity
iii. specific weight
iv. Kinematic viscosity, v (10markah)
Q4. Julai 2005
a). Define the gauge pressure, atmospheric pressure and absolute
pressure. (4markah)
b). Tinggi turus sejenis gas yang diambil dari sebuah tolok tekanan
ialah 68mm air, manakala tinggi turus raksa akibat tekanan
atmosfera ialah 750mm raksa. Berapakah nilai tekanan mutlak
gas tersebut dalam unit kN/m2. (6markah)
c). Berat isipadu 1 liter air suatu bendalir adalah 7.05N.
Berdasarkan kepada data-data tersebut, hitungkan ;
i. Ketumpatan jisim,
ii. Berat tentu,
iii. Ketumpatan bandingan, S.G
iv. Isipadu tentu, (10markah)
v.
Q5.
a) If 5.6 m3 of oil and weighs 46000N, determine :
a) Mass density
b) Specific weight
c) Specific gravity of oil
(10 markah)
b) Calculate the specific weight of fluid in kN/ m3 if the weight is 10N
and volume of fluid 500 cm3 and determine mass density of fluid?
(6markah)
c). Determine the specific volume of steam, if given the mass of
steam 500g and the volume is 400 cm3.
(4markah)

Q6.
a) Given specific weight of fluid is 6.54 kN/m3 and its mass is 8.3 kg,
calculate the following:volume of fluid
a) specific volume of fluid
b) density of fluid
(10 markah)
b) Given oil specific gravity is 0.89, find :
a) density of oil
b) specific weight of oil
c) specific volume of oil
(10 markah)

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