Burden Chapter 1

Chapter 1 – The burden of disease in Malawi
The burden of disease in Malawi

Cameron Bowie
Department of Community Health, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
1. Background 2.1.1 Deaths
This chapter provides an overview of the 2.1.1.1 Overall mortality

epidemiology of Malawi. It offers estimates For member states without a vital registration
of incidence and prevalence of all major system as is Malawi, WHO uses other sources
diseases and disease specific death rates. It of adult mortality such as survey and census
also ranks the top diseases according to these data to estimate the level of adult mortality.
rates and provides an estimate of the risk For under-five mortality, again, all available
factors involved. survey and census data are assessed, adjusted
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has and averaged to estimate the probable trend in
developed the use of a measure [1], Disability child mortality over the past few decades. For
Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), to help Malawi WHO used data from Census 77,
calculate the burden of disease, and has Census 87, Census 98, Demographic and
produced estimates for individual countries Health Survey 92, Demographic and Health
within sub-regions of the world [2]. These Survey 2000, Family Formation Survey 84,
calculations are based on best estimates of National Demographic Survey 82 and the
incidence, prevalence and mortality data of Population Change Survey 70. A life table
the country in question. for Malawi is then constructed providing the
number of deaths by age and sex in 2002 [3].
A study of the contribution of diseases to the
burden of disease in a resource scarce country 2.1.1.2 Cause specific mortality
such as Malawi can also assist priority setting
and the choice of an essential health care The number of deaths, by age and sex,
package (EHP). provides an essential “envelope” which
constrains individual disease and injury
This chapter reports on the WHO results and estimates of deaths. Competing claims for the
compares WHO estimates with known local magnitude of deaths from various causes must
surveys of mortality and morbidity. The be reconciled within this envelope. The sum
chapter discusses the limitations of the of deaths from all specific causes for any sex-
estimates. The results can help to prioritise age group must sum to the total number of
public health interventions. The incidence deaths for that age-sex group.
and prevalence rates can provide health
professionals with “best available” estimates The World Health Organization contacts
for Malawi. member states directly on a routine basis to
obtain their latest data on cause-of-death from
their vital registration sources. In the absence
2. Methods of a vital registration system, countries are
requested to submit data from other reliable
2.1 WHO methodology sources. Those data submitted by member
states become part of WHO’s unique
Estimates are available from the World
historical data base on causes of death which
Health Organisation (WHO) for 2002 of
contains data as far back as 1950.
DALYs, years of life lost (YLLs), years lost
due to disability (YLDs) and death rates for In the case of WHO African region where
Malawi and the sub-region, AFRO E, which good vital registration data is existent for only
includes Malawi as well as other countries in three countries, a regional model pattern of
southern and central Africa [3]. specific causes of deaths is constructed using
Page 1 of 42
vital registration data from urban and rural reduced to zero, and is calculated by equation
South Africa. Based on this model WHO P( RR − 1)
then uses data provided by member states, AF =
P( RR − 1) + 1
together with all available other sources of
information on causes of death, to estimate The fraction of burden from a cause (disease
death rates by age and sex for underlying or injury) that is attributed to a risk factor
causes of death as defined by the ICD (AF) can be multiplied by the total burden (B)
classification rules. These death rates are due to that cause to obtain the attributable
applied to the UN Population Division burden (AB), i.e. AB = AF x B.
estimates of the de-facto resident population This has been done by WHO for developing
for 2002 to give numbers of expected deaths countries including Malawi and these AFs
by cause for each Member State. (Annex 1 have been used to calculate the proportion of
provides a table of population estimates and a the overall burden of disease to which
population pyramid for Malawi). common risk factor contribute.
(www.who.int/whr/2002/annex/en/index.html
2.1.3 Morbidity ).
WHO uses disease registers, population
studies, epidemiological surveys and health 2.2 Local data
facility data, adjusted for each country using
estimates from WHO/UN programmes such 2.2.1 Deaths
as HIV/AIDS and child nutrition. Local mortality data for maternal and
perinatal death rates have been taken from the
2.1.4 Calculation of DALYs Demographic Health Survey (DHS)
DALYs have been calculated using the undertaken in 2000 [5]. Road traffic accident
standard formula and central assumptions death rates have been taken from the Africa
used by WHO [4]. The formula calculates the Road Safety Review of 2000 [6]. The most
YLLs from the number of deaths for each age recent (2003) HIV antenatal surveillance
group and sex for each main disease using a prevalence rates have been adjusted for the
discount rate of 3% and weighting each year differences found between antenatal testing
of life lost according to age. YLDs are and community surveys in Karonga, a district
calculated using a similar age weighting and in Malawi [7]. These have been used to
discount rate of 3% and disability weights calculate HIV deaths using projections
published by WHO. A combination of YLLs produced by UNAID’s EPP and Spectrum
(representing premature deaths) and YLDs software [8].
(representing years with a disability) produce To avoid double counting, it has been
the total burden of disease for each age group assumed that a sixth of maternal deaths as
and disease expressed in DALYs. estimated in the Demographic and Health
Survey of 2000 (DHS2000) are HIV/AIDS
2.1.5 Risk factors
deaths. This proportion has been estimated in
The standard approach in epidemiology and the following way. Up to a third of
used by WHO for estimating the health pregnancies are HIV positive so this can be
effects of a risk factor such as poor sanitation, considered the upper limit of HIV related
is to calculate the attributable fraction of a maternal deaths. A maternal mortality audit
disease or injury due to the risk factor as a in the southern region of Malawi has found a
function of the prevalence of exposure (P) and third of maternal deaths are indirect (not
the relative-risk (RR) compared to the non- directly caused by obstetric problems) of
exposed group. The basic statistic in such an which a quarter are thought to be HIV related.
“exposure-based” assessment is the The lower limit of HIV related maternal
attributable fraction (AF), defined as the deaths is therefore a twelfth. A sixth, used in
percentage reduction in disease or death that this chapter, is midway between these two
would occur if exposure to the risk factor was
Page 2 of 42
limits. These have been included as HIV fact that only 21% of fever cases are actually
deaths and excluded as maternal deaths. due to malaria as found in a local survey in
Deaths in health institutions are recorded Blantyre, Malawi.
routinely in the Health Management DHS2000 reports rates for childhood
Information System (HMIS) [9]. malnutrition and diarrhoea prevalence [5].
WHO estimates of deaths are compared to the Recent prevalence surveys are available for
National Statistics Office projections for schistosomiasis [10], filariasis associated
2002, found on the NSO website. hydrocoele and lymphoedema [11], anaemia
[12], soil transmitted helminths [10] and
2.2.2 Morbidity blindness [13].
The Integrated Disease Surveillance and
Response (IDSR) reporting system provides 3. Results
data on the incidence of immunization related 3.1 Comparing WHO and local data
and other diseases. Malawi has high 3.1.1 Deaths
immunisation programme coverage. Very
few measles, pertussis or polio cases have The rates of the common causes of death as
been reported. Estimates of new HIV cases recorded in HMIS have been compared to
are derived from the antenatal surveillance those provided by WHO and none are found
surveys using EPP and Spectrum. HMIS to be in excess of these, so the WHO death
reports on disease specific patient attendances rate estimates have been used on the premise
and admissions. The rates for malaria that most deaths in Malawi occur outside a
reported as attending a health facility have health facility.
been used (national incidence of 730/1000 for WHO estimates of deaths for Malawi in 2002
under 5 year olds) and adjusted upwards to are higher than projections provided by the
take into account the fact that only a National Statistics Office (NSO) based on the
proportion (26%) of fever cases reported in 1998 census and projected forward to 2002
the DHS2000 are taken to a health facility and (Table 1).
adjusted downwards to take into account the
Table 1. A comparison of WHO and National Statistics Office estimates of deaths in Malawi 2002
Malawi 2002 National Statistics Office WHO
Number of deaths – all ages 223110 257510
Deaths under 5 years of age 80874 99133
3.1.2 Incidence and prevalence higher than data from local sources (Table 2).
The discrepancy concerning AIDS deaths and
The estimates used by WHO can be compared
maternal mortality are particularly high. See
to recent surveys conducted in Malawi. WHO
individual chapters for possible explanations.
estimates are either very similar or somewhat
Page 3 of 42
Table 2. A comparison of Malawi 2002 incidence and prevalence rates used by Global Burden of
Disease (GBD) WHO Unit and estimates from local surveys
Age
Disease group GBD Local Local Source (reference) Comment
Incidence per
1000
Diarrhoea 0-4 5154 4570 DHS2000 (4)
Nkhoma blindness prevention
Cataract all ages 2.7 3.8 survey (13) 1
Measles 0-4 0.05 0.06 EPI report
Diphtheria all ages 0.002 0.02 HMIS (9) 2
Pertussis 0-4 0.14 0 EPI report
Road traffic
deaths all ages 0.29 0.14 NRSMC (6)
Spectrum adjusted for age, sex and
HIV 15-44 24 24 rurality (7,8)
AIDS 15-44 9.89 13 rurality (7,8)
AIDS deaths 15-44 11.53 12 rurality (7,8)
DHS2000 (less 1/6th due to AIDS)
Maternal mortality 15-49 3.3 2.4 (4) 3
Perinatal
mortality 0-4 24.3 10.2
DHS2000 (4)
HMIS adjusted for non specificity of
Malaria 0-4 944 1050 fever and non-attenders (4,9)
Prevalence per 1000
TB All 4.7 2.1 TB Control programme 4
Wasting 0-4 81 55 DHS2000 (4)
Stunting 0-4 491 490 DHS2000 (4)
Syphilis in
females 15-44 161 27 NAC antenatal surveillance 2003 5
Schistosomiasis 5-14 605 69 National survey 2002 (10)
Filariasis adult 81 40 National survey 2004 (11)
Comments
1. Nkoma study reporting number needing surgery
2. HMIS diagnosis suspect
3. DHS2000 uses sisterhood method
4. TB Control programme estimates about 50% unidentified
5. Antenatal surveillance will underestimate due to syphilis causing infertility
3.2 WHO estimates

of Medicine website. The tables and charts
Numbers of deaths and incidence and
that follow show the top ten diseases ranked
prevalence rates for males and females are
by deaths, DALYs, YLLs and YLDs.
found in Annexes 2-4 to this chapter. Age
HIV/AIDS is the most important disease by
and sex specific rates are available on the
each measure (Table 3).
College
Page 4 of 42
Table 3. Top ten diseases in Malawi in 2002 ranked by estimates made by WHO of the number of
deaths, the burden of disease (DALYs), the proportion of disability (YLDs) and years of life lost
(YLLs)
Leading causes of mortality and disability

Malawi, 2002
Mortality (YLL) Disability (YLD)

% total % total
Rank Disease or injury YLL Rank Disease or injury YLD
1 HIV/AIDS 35.8 1 HIV/AIDS 10.1
2 Lower respiratory infections 13.1 2 Cataracts 5.6
3 Malaria 9.7 3 Malaria 5.4
4 Diarrhoeal diseases 9.1 4 Unipolar depressive disorders 4.7
5 Conditions arising during the perinatal period 4.1 5 Protein-energy malnutrition 3.7
6 Tuberculosis 2.2 6 Abortion 3.1
7 Road traffic accidents 1.4 7 Conditions arising during the perinatal period 2.7
8 Protein-energy malnutrition 1.3 8 Lymphatic filariasis 2.5
9 Maternal haemorrhage 0.9 9 Asthma 2.5
10 Drownings 0.8 10 Iodine deficiency 2.4
Distribution of deaths by major cause group

Malawi and region, 2002
100%
90%
80%
70%
Injuries
60%
Non-communicable
50%
40% Communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional
conditions
30%
20%
10%
0%
Malawi, 2002 Sub S Africa developed developing
countries countries
Malawi has a similar distribution of communicable, non-communicable disease and injury as other
African countries (Figure 1). The distribution in developed countries is starkly different.
Page 5 of 42
Figure 1. WHO estimates of proportions of deaths in Malawi 2002 causes by infectious and non-
communicable diseases compared to other countries
Deaths by selected causes and sex

Neuropsychi Malawi, 2002
atric
conditions
CVD
1%
7%
Other Neuropsychi Other
Cancer atric
19% 23%
3% conditions Perinatal
Perinatal
Intentional 0% conditions
conditions Cancer
injuries 2%
4% 3% CVD
1% 9%
Intentional
Unintentional
injuries
injuries
0%
5%
Unintentional
injuries
2%
Infectious
Infectious
diseases
diseases
61%
60%
Total deaths in males: 128,124 Total deaths in females: 129,386
Figure 2. WHO estimates of deaths in Malawi 2002 by disease category
DALYs by selected causes and sex

Malawi, 2002
Neuropsychia
tric conditions Neuropsychiat
Other ric conditions
4% Other
Cancer 22%
3% 28%
1% CVD Perinatal
2% Perinatal CVD
conditions conditions
2%
Intentional 5% 2%
injuries
Cancer
1%
1%
Unintentional Intentional
injuries injuries
6% 0%
Unintentional
injuries
3%
Infectious Infectious
diseases diseases
59% 61%
Total DALYs in males: 4,003,865 Total DALYs in females: 4,275,291
Page 6 of 42
Figure 3. WHO estimates of burden of disease in Malawi 2003 by disease category
Number of deaths by cause, age & sex

Malawi, 2002
Perinatal conditions Infectious diseases Unintentional injuries

Intentional injuries Cancer CVD
Neuropsychiatric conditions Other
Males Females
60,000 60,000
50,000 50,000
Number of deaths
Number of deaths
40,000 40,000
30,000 30,000
20,000 20,000
10,000 10,000
0 0
80+
0-4
5-14
15-29
30-44
45-59
60-69
70-79
80+
0-4
5-14
15-29
30-44
45-59
60-69
70-79
Age group Age group
Infectious disease remains the biggest contributor to the burden of disease (Figure 3) and the
biggest cause of death (Figure 2 and 6). Young children have the greatest mortality (Figure 4) and
carry the biggest disease burden (Figure 5).
Figure 4. WHO estimates of number of deaths in 8 disease categories in Malawi 2002
Number of DALYs by cause, age & sex

Malawi, 2002

Males Females
2,500,000 2,000,000
1,800,000
2,000,000 1,600,000
1,400,000
Number of DALYs
Number of DALYs
1,500,000 1,200,000
1,000,000
1,000,000 800,000
600,000
500,000 400,000
200,000
0 0
0-4
5-14
15-29
30-44
45-59
60-69
70-79
80+
80+
0-4
5-14
15-29
30-44
45-59
60-69
70-79
Age group
Age group
Page 7 of 42
Figure 5. WHO estimates of burden of disease (DALYS) in 8 disease categories in Malawi 2002
Percent of DALYs by cause, age & sex

Malawi, 2002

Males Females
100% 100%
Proportion of total DALYs

80% 80%
60% 60%
40% 40%
20% 20%
0% 0%
0-4
5-14
15-29
30-44
45-59
60-69
70-79
80+
80+
0-4
5-14
15-29
30-44
45-59
60-69
70-79
Age group Age group
Figure 6. WHO estimates of proportion of burden of disease (DALYs) in 8 disease categories in

Malawi 2002 by age and sex
Percent of DALYs by cause, age & sex

Malawi, 2002

Males Females
100% 100%
80% 80%
60% 60%
40% 40%
20% 20%
0% 0%
0-4
5-14
15-29
30-44
45-59
60-69
70-79
80+
80+
0-4
5-14
15-29
30-44
45-59
60-69
70-79
Age group Age group
On account of the magnitude of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the incidence of STIs unsafe sex is the
most important of the risk factors selected (Table 4). Malnutrition and water and sanitation come
next in importance.
Page 8 of 42
Table 4. WHO estimates of leading risk factors in Malawi 2002
Leading 10 selected risk factors & diseases or injuries

Malawi, 2002
Mortality (deaths) Mortality (deaths)
% total % total
Rank Risk factor deaths Rank Disease or injury deaths
1 Unsafe sex 34.4 1 HIV/AIDS 33.6
2 Childhood and maternal underweight 16.5 2 Lower respiratory infections 11.3
3 Unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene 6.7 3 Malaria 7.8
4 Zinc deficiency 4.9 4 Diarrhoeal diseases 7.6
5 Vitamin A deficiency 4.8 5 Conditions arising during the perinatal period 3.2
6 Indoor smoke from solid fuels 4.8 6 Cerebrovascular disease 2.8
7 High blood pressure 3.5 7 Ischaemic heart disease 2.6
8 Alcohol 2.0 8 Tuberculosis 2.4
9 Tobacco 1.5 9 Road traffic accidents 1.3
10 Iron deficiency 1.3 10 Protein-energy malnutrition 1.0
that reason the WHO are likely to be more

4. Discussion accurate. Individual chapters will list the
The ranking of the top diseases in Malawi local data in more detail.
allows an assessment of priority diseases and
which might be included in The Ministry of 5. Conclusions
Health’s EHP if cost effective interventions
HIV/AIDS has overtaken malaria as the
are available. The leading cause of disease
number one disease in Malawi. The two
burden in Malawi in the early years of the
prominent diseases not included in the
millennium is HIV/AIDS by a huge margin.
Malawi EHP are mental illness and road
This is followed by lower respiratory
traffic accidents. The incidence, prevalence
diseases, malaria, diarrhoeal diseases and
and death rates found in the annex tables to
perinatal conditions. The EHP includes
this chapter provide the best contemporary
antiretroviral drugs and treatment of
available estimates.
opportunistic infections and antimalarial
treatment. It also targets cheap effective
interventions for lower respiratory diseases
and diarrhoea (for which a rotavirus vaccine
is a new potential intervention). Safe
motherhood is a national priority. However
there is a huge burden of disease attributable
to psychiatric disease, although there is no
local mental health survey is available to
confirm this. Thought needs to be given to
the possible inclusion of practical low cost
interventions to alleviate mental illnesses,
which are disabling but not usually mortal
conditions, in the EHP [14]. The need to
prioritise the prevention of road traffic
accidents is apparent.
How accurate are these estimates? There are
some differences, sometimes small and
insignificant, some significantly different,
between the local surveys and local
population projections and the WHO
estimates. On the whole the WHO estimates
take into account more recent surveys and
consider trends in incidence and deaths. For
Page 9 of 42
References
1. Murray CJL: Quantifying the burden of disease: the technical basis for disability — adjusted life
years. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 1994, 72: 429-45
2. WHO Global Burden of Disease Project
3. Mathers CD, Bernard C, Iburg KM, Inoue M, Fat DM, Shibuya K, Stein C, Tomijima N, Xu H
(ed.): Global Burden of Disease in 2002: data sources, methods and results. Global Programme on
Evidence for Health Policy Discussion Paper No. 54. World Health Organization, December 2003
(revised February 2004)
4. Mathers CD, Vos T, Lopez AD, Salomon J, Ezzati M (ed.): National Burden of Disease Studies:
A Practical Guide. Edition 2.0. Global Program on Evidence for Health Policy. Geneva: World
Health Organization, 2001
5. National Statistical Office [Malawi] and ORC Macro: Malawi Demographic and Health Survey
2000. Zomba, Malawi and Calverton, Maryland, USA: National Statistical Office and ORC Macro,
2001
6. Jacobs G, Aeron-Thomas A: Africa Road Safety Review Final Report. U.S. Department of
Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Publication No. FHWA-SA-01-008, Dec 2000.
7. Crampin AC, Glynn JR, Ngwira BMM, Mwaungulua FD, Ponnighaus JM, Warndorffa DK, Fine
PEM: Trends and measurement of HIV prevalence in northern Malawi. AIDS 2003, 17:1817–25
8. Ghys PD, Brown T, Grassly NC, Garnett G, Stanecki KA, Stover J, Walker N: The UNAIDS
Estimation and Projection Package: a software package to estimate and project national HIV
epidemics. Sex Transm Infect 2004 80: i5-i9.
9. Ministry of Health: Malawi Health Management Information Bulletin Special Issue 2002,
Lilongwe
10. Bowie C, Purcell B, Shaba B, Makaula P, Perez M: A national survey of the prevalence of
schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminths in Malawi. BMC Infectious Diseases 2004, 4:49
11. Ngwira B. Malawi National Filariasis Survey 2004. To be published.
12. Brabin BJ, Prinsen-Geerligs PD, Verhoeff FH, Fletcher KA, Chimsuku LH, Ngwira BM, Leich
OJ, Broadhead RL: Haematological profiles of the people of rural southern Malawi: an overview.
Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2004 Jan; 98(1):71-83
13. Eloff J, Foster A: Cataract surgical coverage: results of a population-based survey at Nkhoma,
Malawi. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2000 Sep;7(3):219-21
14. Ustun TB, Ayuso-mateos JL , Chatterji S, Mathers C, Murray CJL: Global burden of
depressive disorders in the year 2000. British J Psychiatry 2004, 184, 386-92
Page 10 of 42
Annex 1– UN population division estimates for Malawi 2002

Source – WHO Global Burden of Disease Malawi tables.
Population
estimates
Malawi 2002
total 0 1-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+
Males
5,598, 235,4 857,6 842,3 665,1 583,2 520,1 390,5 319,6 256,4 203,2 168,8 150,3 119,7 98,30 76,34 54,26 33,03 17,44 6,510
828 89 50 45 08 42 44 88 47 62 73 71 75 31 6 7 4 4 2
Femal
es 5,771, 231,4 842,6 839,2 670,7 593,6 526,7 418,3 353,0 283,8 228,5 188,9 161,2 124,2 101,1 77,60 59,76 39,38 21,68 9,067
389 84 88 08 42 02 55 63 08 04 91 83 39 77 41 4 6 5 2
Page 11 of 42
Malawi - 2002
1.Population by Age and Sex
Male 85+ Female

80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
Population
Page 12 of 42
Annex 2– Incidence and prevalence rates for Malawi 2002 estimated by WHO Global
Burden of Disease Unit
Incidence per 1000 Prevalence per 1000
Malawi 2002 WHO Estimates
population population
se all all
Gbd GBD cause M+F all all M+F all all
qu GBD sequela name Female Female
code name ages Males ages Males
ela s s
W003 Tuberculosis 1 Cases 2.80 3.46 2.16 4.72 5.84 3.64
W005 Syphilis 1 Congenital syphilis 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.55 0.56 0.53
W005 Syphilis 2 Primary 3.77 3.36 4.17 0.19 0.17 0.21
W005 Syphilis 3 Secondary 1.72 1.54 1.91 0.17 0.15 0.19
W005 Syphilis 4 Tertiary -- Neurologic 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.49 0.44 0.54
W006 Chlamydia 1 Cervicitis 2.97 0.00 5.86 0.15 0.00 0.29
W006 Chlamydia 2 Neonatal pneumonia 0.23 0.24 0.23 0.12 0.12 0.11
Ophthalmia
W006 Chlamydia 3 1.27 1.30 1.23 0.05 0.05 0.05
neonatorum
Pelvic inflammatory
W006 Chlamydia 4 3.51 0.00 6.91 0.11 0.00 0.21
disease
W006 Chlamydia 5 Ectopic pregnancy 0.05 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.01
W006 Chlamydia 6 Tubo-ovarian abscess 0.11 0.00 0.22 0.01 0.00 0.02
W006 Chlamydia 7 Chronic pelvic pain 0.56 0.00 1.11 1.68 0.00 3.32
W006 Chlamydia 8 Infertility 0.31 0.06 0.56 3.32 0.00 6.54
W006 Chlamydia 9 Symptomatic urethritis 6.31 12.81 0.00 0.25 0.51 0.00
W006 Chlamydia 10 Epididymitis 0.38 0.77 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.00
W007 Gonorrhoea 1 Cervicitis 5.13 0.00 10.10 0.26 0.00 0.50
Corneal scar –
W007 Gonorrhoea 2 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.37 0.37 0.37
Blindness
Ophthalmia
W007 Gonorrhoea 3 0.72 0.74 0.71 0.03 0.03 0.03
neonatorum
Pelvic inflammatory
W007 Gonorrhoea 4 1.72 0.00 3.40 0.05 0.00 0.10
disease
W007 Gonorrhoea 5 Ectopic pregnancy 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00
W007 Gonorrhoea 6 Tubo-ovarian abscess 0.08 0.00 0.16 0.01 0.00 0.01
W007 Gonorrhoea 7 Chronic pelvic pain 0.28 0.00 0.54 0.83 0.00 1.63
W007 Gonorrhoea 8 Infertility 0.19 0.11 0.28 3.46 1.69 5.19
W007 Gonorrhoea 9 Symptomatic urethritis 8.20 16.65 0.00 0.33 0.67 0.00
W007 Gonorrhoea 10 Epididymitis 0.74 1.50 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.00
Corneal scar – Low
W007 Gonorrhoea 11 0.12 0.13 0.12 2.59 2.65 2.53
vision
W007 Gonorrhoea 12 Stricture 0.49 1.00 0.00 1.03 2.09 0.00
W008 Other STDs 1 Cases 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W009 HIV/AIDS 1 HIV cases 9.38 8.64 10.11 68.82 57.86 79.47
W009 HIV/AIDS 2 AIDS cases 6.63 6.07 7.18 5.79 5.19 6.38
Diarrhoeal 1408.1 1434.6 1382.4
W010 1 Episodes 24.83 25.30 24.37
diseases 5 5 5
W012 Pertussis 1 Episodes 9.19 9.35 9.03 0.74 0.75 0.72
W012 Pertussis 2 Encephalopathy 0.04 0.04 0.04 1.00 0.99 1.00
W013 Poliomyelitis 1 Cases - lameness 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.15 0.12
W014 Diphtheria 1 Episodes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Neurological
W014 Diphtheria 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
complications
W014 Diphtheria 3 Myocarditis 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W015 Measles 1 Episodes 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.00 0.01 0.00
W016 Tetanus 1 Episodes 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.01 0.01 0.01
Streptococcus
W017 Meningitis 1 pneumoniae – 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.01
Episodes
Haemophilus
W017 Meningitis 2 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.01
influenzae – Episodes
Neisseria meningitidis
W017 Meningitis 3 0.09 0.12 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.01
– Episodes
Meningococcaemia
W017 Meningitis 4 without meningitis -- 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.00
Episodes
W017 Meningitis 5 Deafness 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.58 0.59 0.58
W017 Meningitis 6 Mental retardation 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.30 0.30 0.30
W017 Meningitis 7 Motor deficit 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.39 0.39 0.38
W017 Meningitis 8 Seizure disorder 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.34 0.35 0.33
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W018 Hepatitis B 1 Episodes 0.24 0.42 0.06 0.22 0.38 0.06
W019 Hepatitis C 1 Episodes 0.11 0.19 0.03 0.10 0.17 0.03
W020 Malaria 1 Episodes 392.74 399.53 386.16 4.32 4.39 4.25
W020 Malaria 2 Neurological sequelae 0.43 0.44 0.42 9.66 9.50 9.81
W020 Malaria 3 Anaemia 58.59 59.40 57.81 58.59 59.40 57.81
Trypanosomiasi
W022 1 Episodes 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.29 0.36 0.22
s
W023 Chagas disease 1 Infection 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cardiomyopathy with
W023 Chagas disease 2 congestive heart 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
failure
Cardiomyopathy
W023 Chagas disease 3 without congestive 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
heart failure
W023 Chagas disease 4 Megaviscera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W024 Schistosomiasis 1 Infection 336.86 404.29 271.45 332.73 399.62 267.83
W025 Leishmaniasis 1 Visceral 0.15 0.18 0.12 0.43 0.51 0.34
W025 Leishmaniasis 2 Cutaneous 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Lymphatic
W026 1 Hydrocele > 15cm 1.09 2.22 0.00 23.18 47.08 0.00
filariasis
Lymphatic Bancroftian
W026 2 0.54 0.42 0.66 11.23 8.38 13.99
filariasis lymphoedema
Lymphatic
W026 3 Brugian lymphoedema 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
filariasis
W027 Onchocerciasis 1 Blindness 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.36 0.45 0.28
W027 Onchocerciasis 2 Itching 0.12 0.15 0.10 3.25 4.07 2.46
W027 Onchocerciasis 3 Low vision 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.61 0.75 0.48
W028 Leprosy 1 Cases 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.14 0.14 0.14
W028 Leprosy 2 Disabling leprosy 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.15 0.15
Dengue haemorrhagic
W029 Dengue 1 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
fever
Japanese
W030 1 Episodes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Encephalitis
Japanese
W030 2 Cognitive impairment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Encephalitis
Japanese
W030 3 Neurological sequelae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Encephalitis
W031 Trachoma 1 Blindness 0.70 0.35 1.04 4.29 2.10 6.42
W031 Trachoma 2 Low vision 0.52 0.26 0.77 4.89 2.45 7.25
W033 Ascariasis 1 High intensity infection 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.06 15.36 14.76
Contemporaneous
W033 Ascariasis 2 1.21 1.23 1.19 2.85 2.91 2.79
cognitive deficit
W033 Ascariasis 3 Cognitive impairment 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
W033 Ascariasis 4 Intestinal obstruction 0.45 0.46 0.44 3.89 3.89 3.90
W034 Trichuriasis 1 High intensity infection 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.97 15.22 14.72
Contemporaneous
W034 Trichuriasis 2 1.77 1.80 1.74 3.65 3.72 3.59
cognitive deficit
Massive dysentery
W034 Trichuriasis 3 0.49 0.50 0.48 1.01 1.03 0.99
syndrome
W034 Trichuriasis 4 Cognitive impairment 0.46 0.47 0.45 5.44 5.42 5.45
Hookworm
W035 1 High intensity infection 20.83 20.77 20.89 29.69 29.68 29.71
disease
Hookworm
W035 2 Anaemia 3.73 3.69 3.77 4.91 4.86 4.95
disease
Hookworm
disease
Other intestinal
W036 1 Cases 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
infections
Other infectious
W037 1 Cases 10.79 9.93 11.63 15.91 14.88 16.92
diseases
Lower
W039 respiratory 1 Episodes 190.79 193.99 187.68 5.23 5.31 5.14
infections
W039 Lower 2 Chronic sequelae 0.45 0.45 0.45 12.60 13.05 12.16
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respiratory
infections
Upper
W040 respiratory 1 Episodes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
infections
Upper
W040 respiratory 2 Pharyngitis 45.99 46.30 45.68 0.63 0.63 0.63
infections
W041 Otitis media 1 Episodes 188.10 191.91 184.40 14.47 14.76 14.18
W041 Otitis media 2 Deafness 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.23 0.23 0.24
Maternal
W043 1 Episodes 7.99 0.00 15.74 0.00 0.00 0.00
haemorrhage
Maternal
W043 2 Severe anaemia 1.35 0.00 2.67 2.60 0.00 5.11
haemorrhage
W044 Maternal sepsis 1 Episodes 3.35 0.00 6.60 0.00 0.00 0.00
W044 Maternal sepsis 2 Infertility 0.79 0.00 1.55 11.63 0.00 22.91
Hypertensive
W045 disorders of 1 Episodes 5.54 0.00 10.91 0.00 0.00 0.00
pregnancy
Obstructed
W046 1 Episodes 1.50 0.00 2.96 0.00 0.00 0.00
labour
Obstructed Caesarean section for
W046 2 0.82 0.00 1.62 0.03 0.00 0.06
labour OL
Obstructed
W046 3 Stress incontinence 0.33 0.00 0.65 7.29 0.00 14.37
labour
Obstructed
W046 4 Rectovaginal fistula 0.03 0.00 0.06 0.70 0.00 1.39
labour
W047 Abortion 1 Episodes 4.20 0.00 8.28 0.00 0.00 0.00
W047 Abortion 2 Infertility 1.43 0.00 2.82 20.73 0.00 40.83
Reproductive tract
W047 Abortion 3 4.77 0.00 9.40 0.19 0.00 0.38
infection
Other maternal Other maternal
W048 1 34.24 0.00 67.46 37.45 0.00 73.79
conditions conditions
Other maternal
W048 2 Stress incontinence 2.38 0.00 4.69 49.87 0.00 98.24
conditions
W050 Low birth weight 1 All sequelae 0.23 0.28 0.19 10.47 12.38 8.62
Birth asphyxia
W051 1 All sequelae 0.26 0.33 0.20 12.33 15.15 9.59
and birth trauma
Other perinatal
W052 1 Cases 0.08 0.10 0.07 4.02 4.72 3.35
conditions
Protein-energy
W054 1 Wasting 3.09 3.17 3.02 15.41 15.80 15.04
malnutrition
Protein-energy
W054 2 Stunting 18.73 19.20 18.27 93.64 95.98 91.37
malnutrition
Protein-energy Developmental
W054 3 4.68 4.80 4.57 120.71 120.75 120.68
malnutrition disability
Total goitre rate (G1 +
W055 Iodine deficiency 1 0.53 0.01 1.03 259.66 224.53 293.74
G2)
Mild developmental
W055 Iodine deficiency 2 0.24 0.24 0.23 5.45 5.45 5.45
disability
W055 Iodine deficiency 3 Cretinoidism 0.08 0.08 0.08 1.81 1.81 1.81
W055 Iodine deficiency 4 Cretinism 0.18 0.18 0.18 2.48 2.57 2.40
Vitamin A
W056 1 Xerophthalmia 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.10 8.13 8.07
deficiency
Vitamin A
W056 2 Corneal scar 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.26 0.27 0.26
deficiency
Iron-deficiency
W057 1 Mild 8.40 4.15 12.51 113.78 103.17 124.07
anaemia
Iron-deficiency
W057 2 Moderate 9.30 10.07 8.56 140.73 142.57 138.95
anaemia
Iron-deficiency
W057 3 Severe 2.77 2.16 3.36 9.61 8.07 11.10
anaemia
Iron-deficiency
anaemia
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Other nutritional
W058 1 Cases 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02
disorders
Mouth and
W061 oropharynx 1 All sequelae 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.03
cancers
Oesophagus
W062 1 All sequelae 0.24 0.29 0.19 0.42 0.47 0.37
cancer
W063 Stomach cancer 1 All sequelae 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.00
Colon and
W064 1 Cases 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.07 0.09 0.04
rectum cancers
Colon and Long-term sequelae
W064 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00
rectum cancers after cure
W065 Liver cancer 1 All sequelae 0.06 0.08 0.04 0.09 0.12 0.07
Pancreas
W066 1 All sequelae 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02
cancer
Trachea,
W067 bronchus and 1 All sequelae 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.00
lung cancers
Melanoma and
W068 other skin 1 All sequelae 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.03 0.10
cancers
W069 Breast cancer 1 Cases 0.05 0.00 0.11 0.19 0.00 0.38
Long-term sequelae
W069 Breast cancer 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.10
after cure
Cervix uteri
W070 1 Cases 0.17 0.00 0.33 0.34 0.00 0.67
cancer
Cervix uteri Long-term sequelae
W070 2 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.00 0.11
cancer after cure
Corpus uteri
W071 1 Cases 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.03
cancer
Corpus uteri Long-term sequelae
W071 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
cancer after cure
W072 Ovary cancer 1 Cases 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.05
Long-term sequelae
W072 Ovary cancer 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01
after cure
W073 Prostate cancer 1 Cases 0.09 0.18 0.00 0.10 0.21 0.00
Long-term sequelae
W073 Prostate cancer 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.00
after cure
W074 Bladder cancer 1 Cases 0.08 0.12 0.05 0.27 0.38 0.17
Long-term sequelae
W074 Bladder cancer 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.03
after cure
Lymphomas and
W075 multiple 1 All sequelae 0.07 0.08 0.06 0.18 0.19 0.18
myeloma
W076 Leukaemia 1 All sequelae 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.04
Other malignant
W077 1 All sequelae 0.09 0.10 0.08 0.20 0.19 0.20
neoplasms
Other
W078 1 Cases 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
neoplasms
Diabetes
W079 1 Cases 0.44 0.44 0.45 4.40 4.65 4.16
mellitus
Diabetes
W079 2 Diabetic foot 0.17 0.16 0.18 0.08 0.08 0.09
mellitus
Diabetes
W079 3 Neuropathy 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.80 0.79 0.80
mellitus
Diabetes Retinopathy –
W079 4 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.06
mellitus blindness
Diabetes
W079 5 Amputation 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00
mellitus
Endocrine
W080 1 All sequelae 9.40 9.49 9.30 10.30 10.31 10.30
disorders
Unipolar
W082 depressive 1 Episodes 30.02 24.18 35.70 15.01 12.09 17.85
disorders
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Unipolar
W082 depressive 2 Dysthymia 0.59 0.39 0.77 3.50 2.33 4.64
disorders
Bipolar affective
W083 1 Cases 0.28 0.29 0.26 3.56 3.67 3.46
disorder
W084 Schizophrenia 1 Cases 0.23 0.22 0.24 2.84 2.64 3.03
W085 Epilepsy 1 Cases 0.75 0.77 0.72 9.74 9.79 9.69
Alcohol use
W086 1 Cases 0.62 1.13 0.12 2.55 4.62 0.55
disorders
Alzheimer and
W087 1 Cases 0.30 0.26 0.34 1.01 0.91 1.11
other dementias
Parkinson
W088 1 Cases 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.20 0.19 0.22
disease
Multiple
W089 1 Cases 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.23 0.16 0.29
sclerosis
Drug use
W090 1 Cases 1.50 2.27 0.76 6.49 9.74 3.34
disorders
Post-traumatic
W091 1 Cases 0.75 0.39 1.10 3.09 1.64 4.49
stress disorder
Obsessive-
W092 compulsive 1 Cases 0.90 0.85 0.94 6.08 5.06 7.07
disorder
W093 Panic disorder 1 Cases 0.51 0.34 0.68 4.13 2.74 5.48
Insomnia
W094 1 Cases 0.63 0.77 0.50 3.34 3.90 2.80
(primary)
W095 Migraine 1 Cases 0.78 0.49 1.07 18.06 11.01 24.90
Mild mental
retardation
W096 1 Cases 0.25 0.26 0.25 6.14 6.14 6.13
attributable to
lead exposure
Other
W097 neuropsychiatric 1 Cases 22.99 24.36 21.67 23.07 24.83 21.36
disorders
W099 Glaucoma 1 Low vision 0.24 0.22 0.26 3.14 2.87 3.41
W099 Glaucoma 2 Blindness 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.99 0.94 1.05
W100 Cataracts 1 Low vision 2.67 2.22 3.10 16.62 14.32 18.85
W100 Cataracts 2 Blindness 0.81 0.73 0.89 5.51 4.82 6.18
Vision disorders,
W101 1 Low vision 0.23 0.22 0.24 2.90 2.73 3.06
age-related
Vision disorders,
W101 2 Blindness 0.15 0.13 0.17 1.01 0.87 1.14
age-related
Hearing loss, Mild or greater hearing
W102 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.78 24.47 25.08
adult onset loss
Hearing loss, Moderate or severe
W102 2 1.05 1.13 0.97 16.17 16.93 15.43
adult onset hearing loss
Hearing loss,
W102 3 Severe hearing loss 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.87 4.76 4.98
adult onset
Hearing loss,
W102 4 Profound hearing loss 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.24 0.27
adult onset
Hearing loss, Mild or greater,
W102 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 53.66 53.55 53.76
adult onset childhood onset
Hearing loss, Moderate or greater,
W102 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.93 34.96 38.83
Hearing loss, Severe or greater,
W102 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.07 2.07 2.06
Hearing loss, Profound hearing loss,
W102 8 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.03 1.03 1.03
Other sense
W103 1 Cases 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
organ disorders
Rheumatic heart
W105 1 Cases 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.04
disease
Hypertensive
W106 1 Cases 0.14 0.10 0.19 0.43 0.30 0.56
heart disease
W107 Ischaemic heart 1 Acute myocardial 0.42 0.49 0.35 0.02 0.03 0.02
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disease infarction
Ischaemic heart
W107 2 Angina pectoris 0.16 0.19 0.13 1.36 1.57 1.15
disease
Ischaemic heart Congestive heart
W107 3 0.08 0.09 0.06 0.26 0.26 0.26
disease failure
Cerebrovascular First-ever stroke
W108 1 1.47 1.25 1.69 0.04 0.03 0.05
disease cases
Cerebrovascular Long-term stroke
W108 2 0.96 0.80 1.11 2.39 1.92 2.86
disease survivors
Inflammatory
W109 1 All sequelae 0.28 0.37 0.19 0.83 1.10 0.56
heart disease
Other
W110 cardiovascular 1 Cases 0.88 1.30 0.47 1.52 1.97 1.09
diseases
Chronic
obstructive
W112 1 Symptomatic cases 0.29 0.43 0.16 1.40 2.33 0.50
pulmonary
disease
W113 Asthma 1 Cases 5.27 6.25 4.31 48.03 51.00 45.15
Other
W114 respiratory 1 Cases 3.89 4.75 3.06 4.69 5.58 3.82
diseases
Peptic ulcer Cases with antibiotic
W116 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
disease treatment
Peptic ulcer Cases not treated with
W116 2 0.24 0.36 0.12 1.15 1.69 0.62
disease antibiotic
Cirrhosis of the
liver
W118 Appendicitis 1 Episodes 0.50 0.66 0.35 0.02 0.03 0.01
Other digestive
W119 1 Cases 22.34 24.37 20.36 25.86 28.04 23.75
diseases
Nephritis and Acute
W121 1 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.17 0.18 0.15
nephrosis glomerulonephritis
Nephritis and End-stage renal
W121 2 0.27 0.30 0.23 1.98 2.71 1.27
nephrosis disease
Benign prostatic
hypertrophy
Other
W123 genitourinary 1 Cases 4.89 4.52 5.26 5.39 5.26 5.51
system diseases
W124 Skin diseases 1 Cases 19.63 22.73 16.63 19.63 22.73 16.63
Rheumatoid
W126 1 Cases 0.19 0.15 0.23 1.64 1.28 2.00
arthritis
W127 Osteoarthritis 1 Hip 0.18 0.19 0.17 1.92 2.08 1.77
W127 Osteoarthritis 2 Knee 0.90 0.76 1.04 12.72 10.29 15.07
W128 Gout 1 Cases 0.06 0.10 0.02 0.66 1.19 0.16
Episode of limiting low
W129 Low back pain 1 2.01 2.10 1.92 0.02 0.02 0.02
back pain
Episode of
intervertebral disc
W129 Low back pain 2 4.21 5.05 3.39 0.24 0.29 0.20
displacement or
herniation
Chronic intervertebral
W129 Low back pain 3 0.20 0.21 0.19 2.06 2.11 2.00
disc
Other
W130 musculoskeletal 1 Cases 4.82 5.33 4.32 5.01 5.57 4.47
disorders
Abdominal wall
W132 1 Cases 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
defect
W133 Anencephaly 1 Cases 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Anorectal
W134 1 Cases 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
atresia
W135 Cleft lip 1 Cases 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.27 0.30 0.25
W136 Cleft palate 1 Cases 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.11 0.11 0.11
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Oesophageal
W137 1 Cases 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
atresia
W138 Renal agenesis 1 Cases 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W139 Down syndrome 1 Cases 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.65 0.73 0.57
Congenital heart
W140 1 Cases 0.12 0.13 0.11 4.17 4.35 4.00
anomalies
W141 Spina bifida 1 Cases 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.14 0.14 0.14
Other congenital
W142 1 Cases 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
anomalies
W144 Dental caries 1 Episodes 250.45 254.07 246.94 10.41 10.57 10.26
Periodontal
W145 1 Cases 28.73 28.19 29.25 57.20 56.03 58.33
disease
W146 Edentulism 1 Cases 0.45 0.43 0.48 7.71 7.08 8.33
Other oral
W147 1 Cases 0.30 0.22 0.39 0.78 0.68 0.88
diseases
Road traffic Fractured skull - short-
W150 1 0.19 0.24 0.14 0.02 0.03 0.02
accidents term
Road traffic
W150 2 Fractured face bones 0.27 0.39 0.16 0.03 0.05 0.02
accidents
Road traffic Fractured vertebral
W150 3 0.15 0.19 0.11 0.02 0.03 0.01
accidents column
Road traffic Fractured rib or
W150 4 0.16 0.21 0.11 0.02 0.02 0.01
accidents sternum
Road traffic
W150 5 Fractured pelvis 0.14 0.17 0.10 0.02 0.02 0.01
accidents
Road traffic Fractured clavicle,
W150 6 0.40 0.52 0.28 0.04 0.06 0.03
accidents scapula or humerous
Road traffic Fractured ulna or
W150 7 0.45 0.58 0.33 0.05 0.06 0.04
accidents radius
Road traffic
W150 8 Fractured hand bones 0.17 0.25 0.09 0.01 0.02 0.01
accidents
Road traffic Fractured femur -
W150 9 0.62 0.80 0.43 0.11 0.14 0.08
accidents short-term
Road traffic Fractured patella, tibia
W150 10 0.59 0.80 0.39 0.07 0.10 0.05
accidents or fibula
Road traffic
W150 11 Factured ankle 0.19 0.24 0.14 0.02 0.03 0.02
accidents
Road traffic
W150 12 Fractured foot bones 0.17 0.25 0.10 0.01 0.02 0.01
accidents
Road traffic
W150 13 Other dislocation 0.07 0.10 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00
accidents
Road traffic Dislocation of sholder,
W150 14 0.07 0.11 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00
accidents elbow or hip
Road traffic
W150 15 Sprains 0.14 0.18 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.00
accidents
Road traffic Intracranial injury -
W150 16 1.74 2.21 1.28 0.12 0.15 0.09
accidents short-term
Road traffic
W150 17 Internal injuries 0.40 0.51 0.29 0.01 0.01 0.01
accidents
Road traffic
W150 18 Open wound 0.88 1.20 0.58 0.03 0.05 0.02
accidents
Road traffic Injury to eyes - short-
W150 19 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00
accidents term
Road traffic
W150 20 Crushing 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00
accidents
Road traffic Burns <20% - short-
W150 21 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00
accidents term
Road traffic Burns >20% and
W150 22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
accidents <60% - short-term
Road traffic Burns >60% - short-
W150 23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
accidents term
Road traffic
W150 24 Poisoning 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
accidents
W150 Road traffic 25 Fractured skull - long- 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.28 0.34 0.22
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accidents term
Road traffic Spinal cord injury -
W150 26 0.09 0.13 0.05 0.56 0.78 0.34
accidents long-term
Road traffic Fractured femur -
W150 27 0.13 0.17 0.09 1.73 2.14 1.34
accidents long-term
Road traffic Intracranial injury -
W150 28 0.09 0.11 0.06 0.76 0.95 0.58
accidents long-term
Road traffic Injury to eyes - long-
W150 29 0.04 0.06 0.02 1.35 1.81 0.90
accidents term
Road traffic Amputated thumb -
W150 30 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.32 0.34 0.30
accidents long-term
Road traffic Amputated finger -
W150 31 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.77 0.88 0.66
accidents long-term
Road traffic Amputated arm - long-
W150 32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.13 0.09
accidents term
Road traffic Amputated toe - long-
W150 33 0.04 0.04 0.03 1.51 1.62 1.40
accidents term
Road traffic Amputated foot - long-
W150 34 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.18 0.20 0.16
accidents term
Above knee and
Road traffic
W150 35 bilateral leg 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.26 0.29 0.23
accidents
amputation - long-term
Road traffic Burns <20% - long-
W150 36 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.84 1.02 0.67
accidents term
Road traffic Burns >20% and
W150 37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.06 0.04
accidents <60% - long-term
Road traffic Burns >60% - long-
W150 38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
accidents term
Road traffic Injured nerves - long-
W150 39 0.03 0.04 0.02 1.20 1.52 0.89
accidents term
Fractured skull - short-
W151 Poisonings 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W151 Poisonings 2 Fractured face bones 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.00
Fractured vertebral
W151 Poisonings 3 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
column
Fractured rib or
W151 Poisonings 4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
sternum
W151 Poisonings 5 Fractured pelvis 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fractured clavicle,
W151 Poisonings 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
scapula or humerous
Fractured ulna or
W151 Poisonings 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
radius
W151 Poisonings 8 Fractured hand bones 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fractured femur -
W151 Poisonings 9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
short-term
Fractured patella, tibia
W151 Poisonings 10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
or fibula
W151 Poisonings 11 Factured ankle 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W151 Poisonings 12 Fractured foot bones 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W151 Poisonings 13 Other dislocation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Dislocation of sholder,
W151 Poisonings 14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
elbow or hip
W151 Poisonings 15 Sprains 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Intracranial injury -
W151 Poisonings 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
short-term
W151 Poisonings 17 Internal injuries 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W151 Poisonings 18 Open wound 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Injury to eyes - short-
W151 Poisonings 19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W151 Poisonings 20 Crushing 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Burns <20% - short-
W151 Poisonings 21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
Burns >20% and
W151 Poisonings 22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
<60% - short-term
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Burns >60% - short-
W151 Poisonings 23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W151 Poisonings 24 Poisoning 0.31 0.37 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fractured skull - long-
W151 Poisonings 25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
Spinal cord injury -
W151 Poisonings 26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
long-term
Fractured femur -
W151 Poisonings 27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
long-term
W151 Poisonings 28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
long-term
Injury to eyes - long-
W151 Poisonings 29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.03
term
Amputated thumb -
W151 Poisonings 30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
long-term
Amputated finger -
W151 Poisonings 31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
long-term
Amputated arm - long-
W151 Poisonings 32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
Amputated toe - long-
W151 Poisonings 33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.06 0.03
term
Amputated foot - long-
W151 Poisonings 34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
Above knee and
W151 Poisonings 35 bilateral leg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01
Burns <20% - long-
W151 Poisonings 36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.09 0.06
term
Burns >20% and
W151 Poisonings 37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
<60% - long-term
Burns >60% - long-
W151 Poisonings 38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
Injured nerves - long-
W151 Poisonings 39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.05 0.03
term
W152 Falls 1 0.10 0.12 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.01
term
W152 Falls 2 Fractured face bones 0.06 0.08 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01
Fractured vertebral
W152 Falls 3 0.09 0.12 0.07 0.01 0.02 0.01
column
Fractured rib or
W152 Falls 4 0.06 0.08 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.00
sternum
W152 Falls 5 Fractured pelvis 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.00
Fractured clavicle,
W152 Falls 6 0.36 0.43 0.29 0.04 0.05 0.03
scapula or humerous
Fractured ulna or
W152 Falls 7 0.60 0.74 0.47 0.07 0.08 0.05
radius
W152 Falls 8 Fractured hand bones 0.07 0.09 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00
Fractured femur -
W152 Falls 9 0.40 0.45 0.34 0.07 0.08 0.06
short-term
W152 Falls 10 0.21 0.26 0.15 0.02 0.03 0.02
or fibula
W152 Falls 11 Factured ankle 0.25 0.29 0.21 0.03 0.03 0.02
W152 Falls 12 Fractured foot bones 0.07 0.10 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.00
W152 Falls 13 Other dislocation 0.10 0.14 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
W152 Falls 14 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00
elbow or hip
W152 Falls 15 Sprains 0.16 0.23 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.00
W152 Falls 16 0.89 1.13 0.66 0.06 0.08 0.04
short-term
W152 Falls 17 Internal injuries 0.10 0.13 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
W152 Falls 18 Open wound 0.29 0.36 0.21 0.01 0.01 0.01
W152 Falls 19 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W152 Falls 20 Crushing 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
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Burns <20% - short-
W152 Falls 21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
Burns >20% and
W152 Falls 22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
<60% - short-term
Burns >60% - short-
W152 Falls 23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W152 Falls 24 Poisoning 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00
W152 Falls 25 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.16 0.21 0.12
term
W152 Falls 26 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.22 0.32 0.13
long-term
Fractured femur -
W152 Falls 27 0.08 0.09 0.07 0.68 0.83 0.54
long-term
W152 Falls 28 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.48 0.63 0.33
long-term
W152 Falls 29 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.37 0.47 0.28
term
Amputated thumb -
W152 Falls 30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.06 0.04
long-term
Amputated finger -
W152 Falls 31 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.20 0.25 0.15
long-term
W152 Falls 32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.03
term
W152 Falls 33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.10 0.07
term
W152 Falls 34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02
term
Above knee and
W152 Falls 35 bilateral leg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.05 0.03
Burns <20% - long-
W152 Falls 36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.15 0.10
term
Burns >20% and
W152 Falls 37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01
<60% - long-term
Burns >60% - long-
W152 Falls 38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W152 Falls 39 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.90 1.15 0.66
term
W153 Fires 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W153 Fires 2 Fractured face bones 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fractured vertebral
W153 Fires 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
column
Fractured rib or
W153 Fires 4 0.07 0.10 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.00
sternum
W153 Fires 5 Fractured pelvis 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fractured clavicle,
W153 Fires 6 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00
scapula or humerous
Fractured ulna or
W153 Fires 7 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
radius
W153 Fires 8 Fractured hand bones 0.14 0.22 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.00
Fractured femur -
W153 Fires 9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
short-term
W153 Fires 10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
or fibula
W153 Fires 11 Factured ankle 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W153 Fires 12 Fractured foot bones 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W153 Fires 13 Other dislocation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W153 Fires 14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
elbow or hip
W153 Fires 15 Sprains 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
W153 Fires 16 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
short-term
W153 Fires 17 Internal injuries 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
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W153 Fires 18 Open wound 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W153 Fires 19 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W153 Fires 20 Crushing 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Burns <20% - short-
W153 Fires 21 1.00 1.53 0.49 0.12 0.18 0.06
term
Burns >20% and
W153 Fires 22 0.06 0.09 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01
<60% - short-term
Burns >60% - short-
W153 Fires 23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W153 Fires 24 Poisoning 0.07 0.11 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00
W153 Fires 25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W153 Fires 26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.01
long-term
Fractured femur -
W153 Fires 27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
long-term
W153 Fires 28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
long-term
W153 Fires 29 0.02 0.04 0.01 1.05 1.61 0.51
term
Amputated thumb -
W153 Fires 30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
long-term
Amputated finger -
W153 Fires 31 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.20 0.31 0.09
long-term
W153 Fires 32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W153 Fires 33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.02
term
W153 Fires 34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.01
term
Above knee and
W153 Fires 35 bilateral leg 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.78 1.20 0.37
Burns <20% - long-
W153 Fires 36 1.00 1.53 0.49 43.11 65.82 21.07
term
Burns >20% and
W153 Fires 37 0.06 0.09 0.03 2.47 3.76 1.21
<60% - long-term
Burns >60% - long-
W153 Fires 38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.14 0.04
term
W153 Fires 39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.06 0.02
term
W154 Drownings 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W154 Drownings 2 Fractured face bones 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fractured vertebral
W154 Drownings 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
column
Fractured rib or
W154 Drownings 4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
sternum
W154 Drownings 5 Fractured pelvis 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fractured clavicle,
W154 Drownings 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
scapula or humerous
Fractured ulna or
W154 Drownings 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
radius
W154 Drownings 8 Fractured hand bones 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fractured femur -
W154 Drownings 9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
short-term
W154 Drownings 10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
or fibula
W154 Drownings 11 Factured ankle 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W154 Drownings 12 Fractured foot bones 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W154 Drownings 13 Other dislocation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W154 Drownings 14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
elbow or hip
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W154 Drownings 15 Sprains 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W154 Drownings 16 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
short-term
W154 Drownings 17 Internal injuries 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W154 Drownings 18 Open wound 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W154 Drownings 19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W154 Drownings 20 Crushing 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Burns <20% - short-
W154 Drownings 21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
Burns >20% and
W154 Drownings 22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
<60% - short-term
Burns >60% - short-
W154 Drownings 23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W154 Drownings 24 Poisoning 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W154 Drownings 25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W154 Drownings 26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
long-term
Fractured femur -
W154 Drownings 27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
long-term
W154 Drownings 28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
long-term
W154 Drownings 29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
Amputated thumb -
W154 Drownings 30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
long-term
Amputated finger -
W154 Drownings 31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
long-term
W154 Drownings 32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W154 Drownings 33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W154 Drownings 34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
Above knee and
W154 Drownings 35 bilateral leg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Burns <20% - long-
W154 Drownings 36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
Burns >20% and
W154 Drownings 37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
<60% - long-term
Burns >60% - long-
W154 Drownings 38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W154 Drownings 39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01
term
Other Fractured skull - short-
W155 1 0.16 0.23 0.10 0.02 0.02 0.01
unintentional term
W155 injuries 2 Fractured face bones 0.36 0.50 0.23 0.04 0.06 0.03
Fractured vertebral
W155 3 0.50 0.69 0.32 0.07 0.10 0.04
column
Fractured rib or
W155 4 0.10 0.14 0.07 0.01 0.02 0.01
sternum
Fractured clavicle,
W155 6 0.21 0.27 0.15 0.02 0.03 0.02
scapula or humerous
Fractured ulna or
W155 7 0.39 0.52 0.27 0.04 0.06 0.03
radius
Fractured femur -
W155 9 0.57 0.79 0.36 0.10 0.14 0.06
short-term
W155 10 0.57 0.79 0.35 0.07 0.09 0.04
or fibula
W155 11 Factured ankle 0.48 0.66 0.32 0.05 0.07 0.04
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W155 14 0.10 0.13 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
elbow or hip
W155 15 Sprains 0.91 1.23 0.61 0.03 0.05 0.02
W155 16 1.24 1.75 0.74 0.08 0.12 0.05
short-term
W155 18 Open wound 2.73 3.74 1.75 0.11 0.15 0.07
W155 19 0.31 0.40 0.22 0.01 0.01 0.00
term
W155 20 Crushing 0.16 0.23 0.10 0.02 0.02 0.01
Burns <20% - short-
W155 21 0.49 0.65 0.33 0.06 0.08 0.04
term
Burns >20% and
W155 22 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01
<60% - short-term
Burns >60% - short-
W155 23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W155 24 Poisoning 0.33 0.40 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00
W155 25 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.24 0.35 0.13
term
W155 26 0.08 0.12 0.05 0.62 0.92 0.33
long-term
Fractured femur -
W155 27 0.12 0.16 0.07 1.50 2.13 0.89
long-term
W155 28 0.06 0.09 0.04 0.60 0.88 0.32
long-term
W155 29 0.31 0.40 0.22 11.86 15.56 8.26
term
Amputated thumb -
W155 30 0.06 0.09 0.04 2.25 3.19 1.33
long-term
Amputated finger -
W155 31 0.22 0.32 0.13 7.99 11.18 4.91
long-term
W155 32 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.68 0.94 0.43
term
W155 33 0.03 0.04 0.02 1.10 1.49 0.71
term
W155 34 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.38 0.52 0.24
term
Above knee and
W155 35 bilateral leg 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.18 0.24 0.12
Burns <20% - long-
W155 36 0.49 0.65 0.33 19.58 26.31 13.06
term
Burns >20% and
W155 37 0.03 0.04 0.02 1.12 1.50 0.75
<60% - long-term
Burns >60% - long-
W155 38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.06 0.03
term
W155 39 0.51 0.72 0.31 17.82 25.04 10.82
term
Self-inflicted Fractured skull - short-
W157 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries term
Self-inflicted
injuries
Self-inflicted Fractured vertebral
W157 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries column
Self-inflicted Fractured rib or
W157 4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries sternum
Self-inflicted
injuries
Self-inflicted Fractured clavicle,
W157 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries scapula or humerous
Self-inflicted Fractured ulna or
W157 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries radius
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Self-inflicted
injuries
Self-inflicted Fractured femur -
W157 9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries short-term
Self-inflicted Fractured patella, tibia
W157 10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries or fibula
Self-inflicted
W157 11 Factured ankle 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries
Self-inflicted
injuries
Self-inflicted
injuries
Self-inflicted Dislocation of sholder,
W157 14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries elbow or hip
Self-inflicted
W157 15 Sprains 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries
Self-inflicted Intracranial injury -
W157 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries short-term
Self-inflicted
injuries
Self-inflicted
W157 18 Open wound 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries
Self-inflicted Injury to eyes - short-
W157 19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries term
Self-inflicted
W157 20 Crushing 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries
Self-inflicted Burns <20% - short-
W157 21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries term
Self-inflicted Burns >20% and
W157 22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries <60% - short-term
Self-inflicted Burns >60% - short-
W157 23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries term
Self-inflicted
W157 24 Poisoning 0.25 0.26 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries
Self-inflicted Fractured skull - long-
W157 25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries term
Self-inflicted Spinal cord injury -
W157 26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries long-term
Self-inflicted Fractured femur -
W157 27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries long-term
Self-inflicted Intracranial injury -
W157 28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries long-term
Self-inflicted Injury to eyes - long-
W157 29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.02
injuries term
Self-inflicted Amputated thumb -
W157 30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries long-term
Self-inflicted Amputated finger -
W157 31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01
injuries long-term
Self-inflicted Amputated arm - long-
W157 32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02
injuries term
Self-inflicted Amputated toe - long-
W157 33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.06
injuries term
Self-inflicted Amputated foot - long-
W157 34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.04 0.08
injuries term
Above knee and
Self-inflicted
W157 35 bilateral leg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01
injuries
Self-inflicted Burns <20% - long-
W157 36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.07 0.06
injuries term
Self-inflicted Burns >20% and
W157 37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries <60% - long-term
Self-inflicted Burns >60% - long-
W157 38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
injuries term
W157 Self-inflicted 39 Injured nerves - long- 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.07 0.03
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injuries term
W158 Violence 1 0.05 0.09 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00
term
W158 Violence 2 Fractured face bones 0.25 0.41 0.09 0.03 0.05 0.01
Fractured vertebral
W158 Violence 3 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
column
Fractured rib or
W158 Violence 4 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
sternum
W158 Violence 5 Fractured pelvis 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fractured clavicle,
W158 Violence 6 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
scapula or humerous
Fractured ulna or
W158 Violence 7 0.04 0.07 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00
radius
W158 Violence 8 Fractured hand bones 0.04 0.07 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fractured femur -
W158 Violence 9 0.04 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00
short-term
W158 Violence 10 0.03 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00
or fibula
W158 Violence 11 Factured ankle 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
W158 Violence 12 Fractured foot bones 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W158 Violence 13 Other dislocation 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W158 Violence 14 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
elbow or hip
W158 Violence 15 Sprains 0.05 0.09 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00
W158 Violence 16 0.25 0.41 0.10 0.02 0.03 0.01
short-term
W158 Violence 17 Internal injuries 0.43 0.76 0.11 0.01 0.01 0.00
W158 Violence 18 Open wound 0.82 1.42 0.23 0.03 0.06 0.01
W158 Violence 19 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W158 Violence 20 Crushing 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Burns <20% - short-
W158 Violence 21 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
Burns >20% and
W158 Violence 22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
<60% - short-term
Burns >60% - short-
W158 Violence 23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W158 Violence 24 Poisoning 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W158 Violence 25 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.10 0.02
term
W158 Violence 26 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.17 0.30 0.04
long-term
Fractured femur -
W158 Violence 27 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.10 0.17 0.04
long-term
W158 Violence 28 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.10 0.16 0.03
long-term
W158 Violence 29 0.03 0.05 0.01 1.02 1.69 0.37
term
Amputated thumb -
W158 Violence 30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.06 0.02
long-term
Amputated finger -
W158 Violence 31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.13 0.03
long-term
W158 Violence 32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.14 0.03
term
W158 Violence 33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01
term
W158 Violence 34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01
term
Above knee and
W158 Violence 35 bilateral leg 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.11 0.20 0.03
Burns <20% - long-
W158 Violence 36 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.31 0.46 0.16
term
W158 Violence 37 Burns >20% and 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.01
Page 27 of 42
se all all
ela s s
<60% - long-term
Burns >60% - long-
W158 Violence 38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W158 Violence 39 0.06 0.10 0.02 1.94 3.34 0.58
term
W159 War 1 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.01
term
W159 War 2 Fractured face bones 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
Fractured vertebral
W159 War 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
column
Fractured rib or
W159 War 4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
sternum
W159 War 5 Fractured pelvis 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fractured clavicle,
W159 War 6 0.03 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
scapula or humerous
Fractured ulna or
W159 War 7 0.03 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
radius
W159 War 8 Fractured hand bones 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fractured femur -
W159 War 9 0.04 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00
short-term
W159 War 10 0.05 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00
or fibula
W159 War 11 Factured ankle 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00
W159 War 12 Fractured foot bones 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W159 War 13 Other dislocation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W159 War 14 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
elbow or hip
W159 War 15 Sprains 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
W159 War 16 0.12 0.18 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.01
short-term
W159 War 17 Internal injuries 0.12 0.19 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00
W159 War 18 Open wound 0.37 0.58 0.18 0.02 0.02 0.01
W159 War 19 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W159 War 20 Crushing 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Burns <20% - short-
W159 War 21 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.01
term
Burns >20% and
W159 War 22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
<60% - short-term
Burns >60% - short-
W159 War 23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W159 War 24 Poisoning 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W159 War 25 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.07
term
W159 War 26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00
long-term
Fractured femur -
W159 War 27 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.12 0.24 0.00
long-term
W159 War 28 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.07 0.03
long-term
W159 War 29 0.04 0.06 0.02 1.71 2.27 1.17
term
Amputated thumb -
W159 War 30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.12 0.00
long-term
Amputated finger -
W159 War 31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.00
long-term
W159 War 32 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.35 0.72 0.00
term
W159 War 33 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.46 0.94 0.00
term
W159 War 34 0.03 0.04 0.02 1.23 1.28 1.17
term
Above knee and
W159 War 35 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.74 1.31 0.18
bilateral leg
Page 28 of 42
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ela s s
Burns <20% - long-
W159 War 36 0.07 0.07 0.07 2.58 2.26 2.90
term
Burns >20% and
W159 War 37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.13 0.17
<60% - long-term
Burns >60% - long-
W159 War 38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01
term
W159 War 39 0.06 0.11 0.02 2.03 3.45 0.65
term
W160 Other intentional 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
injuries
Fractured vertebral
W160 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
column
Fractured rib or
W160 4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
sternum
Fractured clavicle,
W160 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
scapula or humerous
Fractured ulna or
W160 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
radius
Fractured femur -
W160 9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
short-term
W160 10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
or fibula
W160 11 Factured ankle 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W160 14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
elbow or hip
W160 15 Sprains 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W160 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
short-term
W160 18 Open wound 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W160 19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W160 20 Crushing 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Burns <20% - short-
W160 21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
Burns >20% and
W160 22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
<60% - short-term
Burns >60% - short-
W160 23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W160 24 Poisoning 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
W160 25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W160 26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
long-term
Fractured femur -
W160 27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
long-term
W160 28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
long-term
W160 29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
Amputated thumb -
W160 30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
long-term
Amputated finger -
W160 31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
long-term
W160 32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W160 33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
Page 29 of 42
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ela s s
W160 34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
Above knee and
W160 35 bilateral leg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Burns <20% - long-
W160 36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
Burns >20% and
W160 37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
<60% - long-term
Burns >60% - long-
W160 38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
W160 39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
term
Page 30 of 42
Annex 3 – Estimates of deaths in Malawi 2002 by sex, age and cause – Global Burden of Disease Unit – All persons totals and males
Deaths by age, sex and cause in Malawi for the year 2002 All persons Male
Code Cause Total 0-4 5-14 15-29 30-44 45-59 60-69 70-79 80+ Total
506
W000 All Causes 257510 51087 7118 10854 23220 14477 7990 8318 128124
0
Communicable, maternal, perinatal and
W001 204232 49584 5473 8011 20211 10136 3029 1691 572 98707
nutritional conditions
W002 A. Infectious and parasitic diseases 154029 30397 4642 7677 19779 9370 2163 976 389 75394
W003 1. Tuberculosis 6106 235 129 975 1317 966 357 165 55 4200
W004 2. STDs excluding HIV 1007 87 0 39 127 360 73 0 0 685
W005 a. Syphilis 962 83 0 37 121 344 69 0 0 654
W006 b. Chlamydia 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W007 c. Gonorrhoea 4 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 3
W008 d. Other STDs 38 4 0 2 5 14 3 0 0 28
W009 3. HIV/AIDS 86509 7251 2863 6059 17441 6432 436 41 1 40524
W010 4. Diarrhoeal diseases 19506 9036 25 49 111 158 166 211 227 9983
W011 5. Childhood-cluster diseases 2546 1219 40 5 4 3 1 1 0 1274
W012 a. Pertussis 812 406 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 406
W013 b. Poliomyelitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W014 c. Diphtheria 20 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12
W015 d. Measles 611 278 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 306
W016 e. Tetanus 1102 524 12 5 4 3 1 1 0 551
W017 6. Meningitis* 462 67 91 27 25 36 16 8 0 269
W018 7. Hepatitis B 600 36 157 25 70 62 46 11 0 406
W019 Hepatitis C 269 16 71 11 31 28 21 5 0 183
W020 8. Malaria 20008 9185 106 151 160 160 107 107 70 10046
W021 9. Tropical-cluster diseases 1761 37 155 123 170 218 145 72 11 930
W022 a. Trypanosomiasis 813 25 127 83 62 54 7 4 0 362
W023 b. Chagas disease 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W024 c. Schistosomiasis 809 0 0 11 96 161 135 68 11 481
W025 d. Leishmaniasis 139 11 28 29 12 3 3 1 0 87
W026 e. lymphatic filariasis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W027 f. Onchocerciasis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W028 10. Leprosy 22 0 0 0 0 13 0 4 0 17
W029 11. Dengue 11 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
W030 12. Japanese encephalitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W031 13. Trachoma 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W032 14. Intestinal nematode infections 108 0 12 7 4 8 7 4 2 45
Page 31 of 42
W033 a. Ascariasis 19 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
W034 b. Trichuriasis 13 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
W035 c. Hookworm disease 74 0 0 7 4 8 7 4 2 32
W036 Other intestinal infections 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
W037 Other infectious diseases 15115 3227 992 206 320 926 789 347 22 6828
W038 B. Respiratory infections 29350 11939 685 326 414 691 776 665 169 15665
W039 1. Lower respiratory infections 29018 11887 615 319 401 688 754 653 169 15486
W040 2. Upper respiratory infections 286 52 35 4 6 3 22 12 0 133
W041 3. Otitis media 46 0 36 2 7 0 0 0 0 46
W042 C. Maternal conditions 8554 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W043 1. Maternal haemorrhage 2168 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W044 2. Maternal sepsis 1583 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W045 3. Hypertensive disorders* 1132 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W046 4. Obstructed labour 772 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W047 5. Abortion 1401 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W048 Other maternal conditions 1497 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W049 D. Perinatal conditions* 8252 5726 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5726
W050 1. Low birth weight 3432 2382 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2382
W051 2. Birth asphyxia and birth trauma 3528 2448 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2448
W052 Other perinatal conditions 1292 896 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 896
W053 E. Nutritional deficiencies 4048 1522 146 9 17 76 90 49 13 1922
W054 1. Protein-energy malnutrition 2615 1139 83 3 6 39 54 33 13 1370
W055 2. Iodine deficiency 118 37 6 1 1 4 3 2 0 53
W056 3. Vitamin A deficiency 727 199 33 3 6 19 19 8 0 287
W057 4. Iron-deficiency anaemia 516 125 21 2 4 12 12 5 0 180
W058 Other nutritional disorders 72 22 4 0 1 2 2 1 0 31
W059 Noncommunicable diseases 42723 581 253 720 1483 3340 4520 6363 4412 21672
W060 A. Malignant neoplasms 7944 23 39 91 224 771 1048 1319 726 4240
W061 1. Mouth and oropharynx cancers 127 0 1 4 10 17 25 15 7 80
W062 2. Oesophagus cancer 2488 0 0 11 86 371 423 413 181 1484
W063 3. Stomach cancer 120 0 0 2 6 19 21 36 23 107
W064 4. Colon and rectum cancers 155 0 0 3 8 24 22 29 22 107
W065 5. Liver cancer 592 3 2 8 30 77 121 121 48 409
W066 6. Pancreas cancer 98 0 0 0 3 8 10 0 0 21
W067 7. Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers 140 0 0 0 2 8 38 64 27 140
Page 32 of 42
W068 8. Melanoma and other skin cancers 175 0 1 2 2 6 5 13 9 38
W069 9. Breast cancer 360 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W070 10. Cervix uteri cancer 979 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W071 11. Corpus uteri cancer 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W072 12. Ovary cancer 122 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W073 13. Prostate cancer 684 0 0 0 1 57 163 293 170 684
W074 14. Bladder cancer 592 0 0 1 4 37 84 172 131 429
W075 15. Lymphomas, multiple myeloma 489 15 33 43 32 37 42 49 31 283
W076 16. Leukaemia 118 1 1 7 4 9 14 20 13 68
W077 Other malignant neoplasms 683 4 2 11 34 101 81 94 65 391
W078 B. Other neoplasms 143 4 6 9 7 13 14 12 7 72
W079 C. Diabetes mellitus 1400 1 2 12 32 96 128 163 96 531
W080 D. Endocrine disorders 381 30 9 14 25 30 22 29 24 183
W081 E. Neuropsychiatric conditions 1318 63 68 138 145 125 109 134 97 879
W082 1. Unipolar depressive disorders 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W083 2. Bipolar disorder 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W084 3. Schizophrenia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W085 4. Epilepsy 529 15 26 93 80 62 48 31 22 377
W086 5. Alcohol use disorders 107 0 0 3 26 25 12 13 3 82
W087 6. Alzheimer and other dementias* 144 2 1 1 2 3 9 31 33 82
W088 7. Parkinson disease 118 0 0 0 0 2 11 31 25 69
W089 8. Multiple sclerosis 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2
W090 9. Drug use disorders 21 0 0 3 9 6 0 0 0 17
W091 10. Post-traumatic stress disorder 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W092 11. Obsessive-compulsive disorder 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W093 12. Panic disorder 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W094 13. Insomnia (primary) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W095 14. Migraine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W096 15. Mental retardation, lead-caused 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W097 Other neuropsychiatric disorders 394 46 41 39 28 27 28 28 13 249
W098 F. Sense organ diseases 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W099 1. Glaucoma 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W100 2. Cataracts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W101 3. Vision disorders, age-related 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W102 4. Hearing loss, adult onset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W103 Other sense organ disorders 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W104 G. Cardiovascular diseases 20714 21 39 196 503 1344 2006 3076 236 9546
Page 33 of 42
1
W105 1. Rheumatic heart disease 106 2 10 13 6 5 2 5 4 48
W106 2. Hypertensive heart disease 1108 0 1 4 21 65 88 120 88 387
W107 3. Ischaemic heart disease 6773 0 1 14 100 574 913 1289 657 3548
W108 4. Cerebrovascular disease 7249 0 7 59 158 429 666 1013 709 3040
W109 5. Inflammatory heart diseases 714 14 8 29 47 66 63 85 72 384
W110 Other cardiovascular diseases 4763 6 13 76 170 204 274 564 831 2139
W111 H. Respiratory diseases 4947 80 23 80 190 445 667 936 630 3051
Chronic obstructive pulmonary
W112 1. 2295 3 1 7 43 182 349 559 375 1518
disease
W113 2. Asthma 200 2 1 4 9 21 26 29 19 112
W114 Other respiratory diseases 2452 75 20 69 137 243 292 348 236 1420
W115 I. Digestive diseases 2669 21 30 115 270 384 317 357 168 1663
W116 1. Peptic ulcer disease 275 0 0 15 24 33 27 30 28 158
W117 2. Cirrhosis of the liver 948 0 0 22 82 187 145 155 52 643
W118 3. Appendicitis 25 0 5 2 3 2 2 4 0 17
W119 Other digestive diseases 1420 21 25 77 161 162 143 169 87 845
W120 J. Genitourinary diseases 2279 20 14 51 54 95 206 331 299 1071
W121 1. Nephritis and nephrosis 2141 19 14 50 52 91 193 298 264 980
W122 2. Benign prostatic hypertrophy 57 0 0 0 0 2 7 19 28 57
Other genitourinary system
W123 80 2 0 0 2 2 6 14 7 34
diseases
W124 K. Skin diseases 256 0 0 0 28 34 0 0 0 62
W125 L. Musculoskeletal diseases 39 0 1 2 2 2 2 6 4 19
W126 1. Rheumatoid arthritis 8 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2
W127 2. Osteoarthritis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W128 3. Gout 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W129 4. Low back pain* 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 2
W130 Other musculoskeletal disorders 29 0 1 2 1 1 1 5 4 15
W131 M. Congenital anomalies 634 318 22 11 3 1 0 0 0 355
W132 1. Abdominal wall defect 14 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
W133 2. Anencephaly 19 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
W134 3. Anorectal atresia 5 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
W135 4. Cleft lip 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W136 5. Cleft palate 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
W137 6. Oesophageal atresia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W138 7. Renal agenesis 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Page 34 of 42
W139 8. Down syndrome 48 30 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 32
W140 9. Congenital heart anomalies 173 82 8 4 1 0 0 0 0 96
W141 10. Spina bifida 40 21 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 23
W142 Other Congenital anomalies 328 161 11 6 2 1 0 0 0 181
W143 N. Oral conditions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W144 1. Dental caries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W145 2. Periodontal disease 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W146 3. Edentulism 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W147 Other oral diseases 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W148 Injuries 10555 922 1392 2123 1527 1000 442 264 76 7746
W149 A. Unintentional injuries 8662 896 1315 1498 1127 736 337 201 59 6170
W150 1. Road traffic accidents 3242 212 714 403 416 306 145 84 23 2303
W151 2. Poisonings 118 29 19 10 12 6 3 0 0 79
W152 3. Falls 310 21 53 21 22 38 25 26 11 217
W153 4. Fires 698 141 165 16 14 18 15 10 5 383
W154 5. Drownings 1947 202 339 306 377 281 47 0 2 1554
W155 6. Other unintentional injuries 2347 292 25 742 286 86 103 80 18 1634
W156 B. Intentional injuries 1893 26 77 624 400 264 104 63 18 1576
W157 1. Self-inflicted injuries 834 0 43 218 162 152 67 45 14 700
W158 2. Violence 1053 26 34 405 236 112 37 18 3 871
W159 3. War 6 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 5
W160 Other intentional injuries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Page 35 of 42
Annex 4 – Estimates of deaths in Malawi 2002 by sex, age and cause – Global Burden of Disease Unit – Females
Deaths by age, sex and cause in Malawi for
Female
the year 2002
Code Cause 0-4 5-14 15-29 30-44 45-59 60-69 70-79 80+ Total
W000 All Causes 48046 7333 19282 22700 11844 6341 7970 5868 129386
Communicable, maternal,
W001 perinatal and nutritional 46840 6222 18903 22101 8004 1511 1167 776 105525
conditions
A Infectious and parasitic
W002 32503 5119 13968 18258 6726 947 580 534 78635
. diseases
W003 1. Tuberculosis 205 116 582 499 247 167 72 18 1906
W004 2. STDs excluding HIV 200 0 4 4 61 25 28 0 322
W005 a. Syphilis 191 0 3 4 58 24 27 0 308
W006 b. Chlamydia 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 3
W007 c. Gonorrhoea 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
W008 d. Other STDs 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 10
W009 3. HIV/AIDS 6929 2739 13062 17382 5504 342 26 1 45985
W010 4. Diarrhoeal diseases 8663 25 19 43 97 138 193 344 9523
Childhood-cluster
W011 5. 1216 40 5 4 3 1 1 0 1271
diseases
W012 a. Pertussis 406 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 406
W013 b. Poliomyelitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W014 c. Diphtheria 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
W015 d. Measles 278 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 306
W016 e. Tetanus 524 12 5 4 3 1 1 0 551
W017 6. Meningitis* 61 117 0 0 11 2 2 0 193
W018 7. Hepatitis B 132 28 1 0 26 5 2 0 193
W019 Hepatitis C 59 13 0 0 11 2 1 0 87
W020 8. Malaria 9014 143 113 159 185 121 114 114 9962
Tropical-cluster
W021 9. 38 174 126 147 191 78 62 14 831
diseases
W022 a. Trypanosomiasis 32 158 104 77 68 9 5 0 451
W023 b. Chagas disease 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W024 c. Schistosomiasis 0 0 5 63 121 67 57 14 328
W025 d. Leishmaniasis 7 17 17 7 2 2 1 0 52
W026 e. lymphatic filariasis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W027 f. Onchocerciasis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W028 10 Leprosy 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 0 5
Page 36 of 42

Female
the year 2002
Code Cause 0-4 5-14 15-29 30-44 45-59 60-69 70-79 80+ Total
.
11
W029 Dengue 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
.
12
W030 Japanese encephalitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.
13
W031 Trachoma 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.
14 Intestinal nematode
W032 0 20 9 6 10 9 5 3 62
. infections
W033 a. Ascariasis 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
W034 b. Trichuriasis 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
W035 c. Hookworm disease 0 0 9 5 10 9 5 3 42
Other intestinal
W036 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
infections
Other infectious 170
W037 5984 45 13 379 53 73 39 8288
diseases 1
B
W038 Respiratory infections 9999 962 428 341 650 510 558 237 13685
.
Lower respiratory
W039 1. 9958 855 428 341 650 507 556 237 13532
infections
Upper respiratory
W040 2. 41 107 0 0 0 3 2 0 153
infections
W041 3. Otitis media 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
C
W042 Maternal conditions 0 0 4476 3486 592 0 0 0 8554
.
W043 1. Maternal haemorrhage 0 0 938 1023 207 0 0 0 2168
W044 2. Maternal sepsis 0 0 713 722 148 0 0 0 1583
W045 3. Hypertensive disorders* 0 0 673 400 59 0 0 0 1132
W046 4. Obstructed labour 0 0 514 240 18 0 0 0 772
W047 5. Abortion 0 0 1079 322 0 0 0 0 1401
W048 Other maternal conditions 0 0 558 779 160 0 0 0 1497
D
W049 Perinatal conditions* 2525 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2525
.
W050 1. Low birth weight 1050 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1050
Birth asphyxia and birth
W051 2. 1080 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1080
trauma
Page 37 of 42

Female
the year 2002
Code Cause 0-4 5-14 15-29 30-44 45-59 60-69 70-79 80+ Total
W052 Other perinatal conditions 395 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 395
E
W053 Nutritional deficiencies 1813 141 32 15 36 55 28 6 2126
.
Protein-energy
W054 1. 1067 37 31 15 16 50 23 6 1245
malnutrition
W055 2. Iodine deficiency 55 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 65
W056 3. Vitamin A deficiency 373 52 0 0 10 3 2 0 440
W057 4. Iron-deficiency anaemia 285 40 0 0 8 2 2 0 336
W058 Other nutritional disorders 34 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 40
W059 Noncommunicable diseases 470 239 98 360 3519 4667 6671 5028 21051
W060 A. Malignant neoplasms 27 40 82 264 892 871 1010 518 3704

Mouth and oropharynx
W061 1. 0 0 0 2 14 6 16 10 47
cancers
W062 2. Oesophagus cancer 0 0 8 59 218 243 310 166 1005
W063 3. Stomach cancer 0 0 0 2 10 0 0 0 13
Colon and rectum
W064 4. 0 0 1 11 9 4 13 10 48
cancers
W065 5. Liver cancer 2 1 4 11 41 55 49 21 184
W066 6. Pancreas cancer 0 0 0 0 6 13 36 21 77
Trachea, bronchus,
W067 7. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
lung cancers
Melanoma and other
W068 8. 0 0 1 3 27 33 50 23 137
skin cancers
W069 9. Breast cancer 0 0 1 27 110 87 88 48 360
W070 10. Cervix uteri cancer 0 0 29 45 310 290 227 79 979
W071 11. Corpus uteri cancer 0 0 0 2 3 4 8 5 22
W072 12. Ovary cancer 0 2 1 1 18 24 52 23 122
W073 13. Prostate cancer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W074 14. Bladder cancer 0 0 1 14 38 41 42 27 163
Lymphomas, multiple
W075 15. 17 34 25 31 28 18 34 20 206
myeloma
W076 16. Leukaemia 1 1 7 8 16 16 1 0 50
Other malignant
W077 6 3 5 47 45 38 83 66 292
neoplasms
Page 38 of 42

Female
the year 2002
Code Cause 0-4 5-14 15-29 30-44 45-59 60-69 70-79 80+ Total
W078 B. Other neoplasms 1 8 0 1 17 16 20 9 71
W079 C. Diabetes mellitus 0 2 0 4 186 262 295 119 869
W080 D. Endocrine disorders 35 4 0 2 41 47 44 24 197
Neuropsychiatric
W081 E. 49 55 3 6 82 68 99 79 439
conditions
Unipolar depressive
W082 1. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
disorders
W083 2. Bipolar disorder 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W084 3. Schizophrenia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W085 4. Epilepsy 14 27 1 2 40 20 27 20 152
W086 5. Alcohol use disorders 0 0 0 1 11 4 9 0 25
Alzheimer and other
W087 6. 1 0 0 0 3 10 25 24 62
dementias*
W088 7. Parkinson disease 0 0 0 0 1 6 13 27 48
W089 8. Multiple sclerosis 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 3
W090 9. Drug use disorders 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 4
Post-traumatic stress
W091 10. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
disorder
Obsessive-compulsive
W092 11. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
disorder
W093 12. Panic disorder 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W094 13. Insomnia (primary) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W095 14. Migraine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mental retardation,
W096 15. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
lead-caused
Other neuropsychiatric
W097 34 27 1 1 24 26 25 7 145
disorders
W098 F. Sense organ diseases 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W099 1. Glaucoma 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W100 2. Cataracts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vision disorders, age-
W101 3. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
related
Hearing loss, adult
W102 4. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
onset
Other sense organ
W103 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
disorders
Page 39 of 42

Female
the year 2002
Code Cause 0-4 5-14 15-29 30-44 45-59 60-69 70-79 80+ Total
W104 G. Cardiovascular diseases 18 53 6 49 1521 2402 3831 3288 11168
Rheumatic heart
W105 1. 1 12 1 1 20 11 10 3 58
disease
Hypertensive heart
W106 2. 0 0 0 4 103 161 260 192 721
disease
Ischaemic heart
W107 3. 0 2 0 7 437 822 1153 803 3226
disease
Cerebrovascular
W108 4. 0 11 1 17 627 978 1475 1101 4209
disease
Inflammatory heart
W109 5. 12 10 1 3 71 71 88 74 330
diseases
Other cardiovascular
W110 5 18 3 16 263 359 845 1115 2624
diseases
W111 H. Respiratory diseases 63 20 2 12 277 407 632 483 1896
Chronic obstructive
W112 1. 4 0 0 1 91 157 295 229 777
pulmonary disease
W113 2. Asthma 1 1 0 1 16 21 28 19 88
Other respiratory
W114 58 19 2 10 170 228 309 235 1031
diseases
W115 I. Digestive diseases 7 23 2 13 234 256 284 187 1006
W116 1. Peptic ulcer disease 0 1 0 1 24 25 37 29 118
W117 2. Cirrhosis of the liver 1 2 0 4 94 97 82 26 305
W118 3. Appendicitis 0 3 0 0 2 1 2 1 8
Other digestive
W119 6 17 2 8 115 134 163 131 576
diseases
W120 J. Genitourinary diseases 11 19 1 1 217 290 413 256 1208
W121 1. Nephritis and nephrosis 9 19 1 1 216 285 397 234 1161
Benign prostatic
W122 2. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
hypertrophy
Other genitourinary
W123 2 1 0 0 2 5 15 23 47
system diseases
W124 K. Skin diseases 0 0 0 8 45 44 35 63 194
W125 L. Musculoskeletal diseases 0 1 0 1 6 4 7 2 20
W126 1. Rheumatoid arthritis 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 1 6
W127 2. Osteoarthritis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W128 3. Gout 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Page 40 of 42

Female
the year 2002
Code Cause 0-4 5-14 15-29 30-44 45-59 60-69 70-79 80+ Total
W129 4. Low back pain* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other musculoskeletal
W130 0 1 0 0 5 3 4 1 14
disorders
W131 M. Congenital anomalies 260 14 0 0 2 1 2 0 279
W132 1. Abdominal wall defect 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
W133 2. Anencephaly 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
W134 3. Anorectal atresia 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
W135 4. Cleft lip 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W136 5. Cleft palate 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
W137 6. Oesophageal atresia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W138 7. Renal agenesis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W139 8. Down syndrome 14 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 16
Congenital heart
W140 9. 71 4 0 0 1 0 1 0 77
anomalies
W141 10. Spina bifida 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17
Other Congenital
W142 137 8 0 0 0 1 1 0 147
anomalies
W143 N. Oral conditions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W144 1. Dental caries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W145 2. Periodontal disease 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W146 3. Edentulism 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W147 Other oral diseases 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W148 Injuries 735 872 281 240 321 163 133 64 2809
W149 A. Unintentional injuries 709 819 211 185 256 139 117 55 2492
W150 1. Road traffic accidents 129 443 76 75 107 62 36 11 939
W151 2. Poisonings 8 12 5 3 4 5 3 1 39
W152 3. Falls 9 30 4 2 9 10 18 12 93
W153 4. Fires 176 70 11 12 17 8 14 6 315
W154 5. Drownings 109 107 64 20 56 37 0 0 393
Other unintentional
W155 6. 278 157 52 75 63 18 46 25 713
injuries
W156 B. Intentional injuries 26 53 70 54 66 24 16 8 317
W157 1. Self-inflicted injuries 0 9 34 27 37 14 10 5 134
Page 41 of 42

Female
the year 2002
Code Cause 0-4 5-14 15-29 30-44 45-59 60-69 70-79 80+ Total
W158 2. Violence 26 44 36 27 29 10 6 4 183
W159 3. War 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
W160 Other intentional injuries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Page 42 of 42

Burden Chapter 1

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Burden Chapter 1

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Chapter 1 – The burden of disease in Malawi

The burden of disease in Malawi

1. Background 2.1.1 Deaths

This chapter provides an overview of the 2.1.1.1 Overall mortality

3.2 WHO estimates

Leading causes of mortality and disability

Mortality (YLL) Disability (YLD)

Distribution of deaths by major cause group

Deaths by selected causes and sex

Total deaths in males: 128,124 Total deaths in females: 129,386

Figure 2. WHO estimates of deaths in Malawi 2002 by disease category

DALYs by selected causes and sex

Total DALYs in males: 4,003,865 Total DALYs in females: 4,275,291

Figure 3. WHO estimates of burden of disease in Malawi 2003 by disease category

Number of deaths by cause, age & sex

Perinatal conditions Infectious diseases Unintentional injuries

Number of DALYs by cause, age & sex

Perinatal conditions Infectious diseases Unintentional injuries

Percent of DALYs by cause, age & sex

Perinatal conditions Infectious diseases Unintentional injuries

Proportion of total DALYs

Figure 6. WHO estimates of proportion of burden of disease (DALYs) in 8 disease categories in

Percent of DALYs by cause, age & sex

Perinatal conditions Infectious diseases Unintentional injuries

Age group Age group

Table 4. WHO estimates of leading risk factors in Malawi 2002

Leading 10 selected risk factors & diseases or injuries

that reason the WHO are likely to be more

Annex 1– UN population division estimates for Malawi 2002

Male 85+ Female

Deaths by age, sex and cause in Malawi for

Deaths by age, sex and cause in Malawi for

W060 A. Malignant neoplasms 27 40 82 264 892 871 1010 518 3704

Deaths by age, sex and cause in Malawi for

Deaths by age, sex and cause in Malawi for

Deaths by age, sex and cause in Malawi for

Deaths by age, sex and cause in Malawi for

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