LITERATUR REVIEW
changed the status of State enterprises into limited liability company (persero)through
the intermediate stage since December 8, 1972 under government regulation no.33-
year-1972.
and dated 8 September 1998,which was approved by the Ministar of Justice of the
the duties or responsibilities of any parts that are contained in a group of people who
group." Menurur While Amir and Budiyono (2004: 166): "Organization is the form of
every union man to achieve common goals". From the definitions, the organization is
a body, container, place of collection of people who work together to achieve certain
goals.
conducting its business activities to fit well with a predetermined plan, creating a
good working relationship and division of tasks and responsibilities in the name of the
organizational.
According to Amir and Budiyono (2004:168): "The organizational structure
clear division of labor because of the specialization of labor, showing the functions or
activities relate to other each.In other to activities enterprise activity can proceed
1. Definisi of Marketing
Some people mistakenly think about marketing only as selling and promotion.
More than that,they are part of a large”Marketing Mix” a set of marketing tools that
inside that individual and group get what they want and need by creating,bargaining
(1970:243) defines marketing include “those business activities involved in the poin
Doman and Dennison (1997:12-15) give three purpose from market research:
1. Analysis of market
Analysis of market response about our product of service. This analysis means
3. Planing strategy
Its purpose is to grow up market that has to develop and help us to meet what
a. Undifferentiated Marketing
b. Differentiated Marketing
c. Concentrated marketing
on the other hand, Kotler and Amstrong (1993:221) the marketing strategy section
a.Product
b.Promotion
Promotion is the process of liaison between producers and consumers to introduce the
product.
c.Price
d.Place
Place includes the factors that provide time and place utility to setisfy costumer.
Jauch and Glueek (1996:6)say that marketing strategy is some of decision the
company’s objective.
the goals that wants to achieve, because the better the strategy used will affect
the results obtained.
The arrangement of 6M should be done well,in order to get the result effectively and
efficienly. Management is social knowledge and only a facility to get the purpose that
wanted.
activity. Example : a company or office.All work can be successful with either it take
Management are characterizes the process of leading and directing all of part
There are so many concepts and explanations about management. The simple
According to Terry and Rue, management is a process that including how to direct and
control something into a group of people for the purpose of the organization or the real
purpose. The term management may also be used to describe the slate of manager an
Some one who does management or someone who manages something called
controlling the resources of organization. The job of every manager involves what is
following explanation:
1. planning
next week, next month, and next year) and generating plants for action. Planning
prepares the organization for the future. Planning should based on the data analysis in
order to answer the question” what, why, where, when, who, and how”. According to
Hasibuan (1994:4), planning is choosing actvity in some alternatives, but plan is some
2. organizing
carrying out of plans. Organizing involves arranging the necessary resources to carry
out the plan. It is the process of creating structure, establising relationships, and
important to establish job division, job relationship, kind of organization, and also the
products of organizing are organization that showed into the organization chart.
organization is social organization with the purpose to serve the public importance or
not profit motive. Meanwhile, business organization is organization that formed for
3. Directing
achieving plans is organizing. Directing involves the guiding, leading and overseeing
group to want achieve and to strike to archive the objective willingly keeping with the
managerial planning and organizing efforts. To get a good directing, a leader should
relation.
4. controlling
performance matches the plan. If the performance results do not match the plan,
regulating the various factors in enterprise according to the requirement of its plans.
of company and helps a campany to grow up and develop quality in every aspect. If a
company has bad management system, its company can not grow well and hard to