GET 463 STATISTICS May~ August a gow oubling = ® DsorpHys steocistics Q quautiffes & Prpalabiion aud Sn W Fest 4 Hy pollacis FAGmACne \W Mersure 4 conic! etoncencies QiMean Median — Standard devation, mem: — Mean deviatim, Mode ete @) Conce lotion and Resrression Analy sc —=lrnear Coceedscim WW) Preawildy — = basicidess 4p boakot (é = Events types 9 eves . — Si eek —_ Corvpound ane 7 nck pence tg enrnt a theorem 4 tf) psbalbiliy = Conclitionel peobaliity sy theexem a oe PorpopPab- mass funda A Diseraly Random variate —Biaomd Pd ; eee: — so P|AD Seignmect } | GET 463 [eet = tl. STATisTic $ (a ~Shedictie be brand gq Siena dealing with Hee | ~Glle tim 9 date, ogganisung, -SummoaiSing, Presetiss ” | ncnd analy ding data aire deamang valid eee [and tSze Eller making reasmable decisionc on tee |. —boeuacs 4 such anadysic iL Ie Darla Presecekion : Darla ic any numerical fact o tofimert on stich Can x . ei an. Dak || Famers cate orang Lal iaaaen | )Frequency dist balm os Slatisties provides the wfyastion 4 tke nanber G_ OCC we ences Cheq) 4 Vict bahia valuet Lbs biked? within a given pectod_2) Hime interval (ha — Uist, date, ox graphical represedtesbion: 4] rey panty ics lotion a _ Let us Fale an grand 9 ee Voight o ten Shaded © Cm 134, 145, 19?) 1¢5, 138,159) 152, 144) 138, 138 speble TD Fable I hi a __ Hercided _ freapeency _Frequency telly Chacts — @ ie | td - SHH AL _ (OHH HH Frequency _Uistibdlin ta: also definecl O38 os asrauged 4 = decay Sarnm arised by Aste biting, it yto classes - = OF Cocke got es milk Heir fey uencea es—_—_ Pati TE Wages dh 100 Werkars nw Wages '” leete| lo-20| 0-30 | 30-40 49-50 _ Number doleckers| 18 [ag [3s Te | 19 Brame £4 The tats below gives ect_numbar of Snacks __otdet) and number 4 days as @ sally « Fria Hee frequency gf Snaeles ctcleted. : | Snacks 1 Tally “Table Th 4 a- 4 Wi 4 rb Mi 4 6-s | eH UN Sgcto HH : : oe | 4 poot® | HH ee | From th frequency tolls, Hee numbers Snaclis osdered — 4 Tanging—betwecn - 7 | J _ An 4 16 Hdoys | 4 : Hab 16 3 days 7 _ b-g Is Idays _ ' Belo 1s Adays _ | torta ts teeys | [ Components frequency distr bation _ 1 Oo Class interval (2 Type 4 “cass _jatecel | @)_ Class boundasier @p) Miid pert o« class mak | @ |didth of ge class terval © Class frequency DD _feequonsy density 2 Cl fiepeency —______ bass wide © Rabletive = chs fs weancy : 5 RRL feprenty —B) Gta phic) reprseatethon B often wap b —~cepressct frequency Livhaledtion ley _Meantd-o— iggeam The Aigerek type sq slisgem ont _a. Histogram b. 8) Heweaney Polygon d sy St Baw Chart EC che re Pig chow : ae Ogive C Cummul abve fropenoy Creve. "ENS gra ~le asset et ead loaves whore Kes aos pr fes Hensl te tee fecpsences gy the cla S09 the Fey oa ‘= Erequenty Paly gon Calsact geaph 2 frog wane dish a Diet Coons fratiog _ | Con SA ae Hen The are actually tw Ways Hp olrawieg 4 afgrss pe et, fst chews @_bistsyram fx tee dada Exampe 1. Consider tha set 4 data th j=l ~ vobaul re presents wages ¥ “lov WorKee Ua pau Cempany my GQ) Deas ke _ hi shogcam (Wess ee Pt He | jgon_loy Using histogcm and by chico Hatjes o-L0 | (9-2-0/20-3 4 go-to [YOse pumbes gz wredt | 2 {as | 36 Lo x Eh 2 eb < | gs _ I 20 30 58 rd Frequency prygen by Ded Construction — Bar cheat) he Consists 4 a Sak _of loaes obi. Heights sot “Pee pew Hons) to tee feeg wansdes ‘they “capes. easels types ae Chents and fay ae. Simple , multi ple and lenpenss bar chavs etc _ SimpRe bor Chevel | Is used fee te “Case, ond Variabe only: _ Age 4. Stidodk | Number o Studeks CFeyueney) | 214 an a 23 | 3h +4a ; RE ay St mm pee baw cho = _Age Cy ‘Shedd ~ hewutti pee bas Chast: tis an extension 4 A - Simpee bas chor yohen tore aot quasi ites Severs) yarables > be Veployet =, Exampe 2 QOS a) year costs Enginet! Sacto sche [oleic ae a ve g Courses ECE 463 Ece ysl | Eck 432 _ focal aman 2 nee | a ome ecb Bf le 4: _ gfreal ul 3 aa | tee by SE 1 Credit - tral Tete tA 7! a i | {fs EA a |e] wh WwPie Cheuct owes» chact that Uiplay oe ee precett Sim Re Vageom foe displaying Categer: oe grep dade We also Kno as the divided Circe. Ta crcle is divided puto cartes 6+ Th poly Ms by finding tee sum 44 ol Hew LANES Z Fis um in eaad bp die 360 @ vobcch to tere 1 ___clegeer. Camgles) ra Complete Cee Che L Banph . Break doen 2 Lessor period th q sodurl 6 pregected mo the trbO belo Erg Gish 10 Mahks Prokgy Alsitenc Fre Act Hishry Lo Joo HE] Tse he ye above infrmedion on 4 pik dad Subeds Penrod, Sectocal anole | fares (men |e omnes Seoe= owe ’ oO o | t/a x B68 VY ¥ 360° ae t °« TUS Sun Cummatlective fe eng, Curve, Corgive) : | | DQ. all frequenGy form “tks fe pax Holey ne ; cul Os the ald ide frenoney Howe oe we typoi Y . > jhe CESS. tower —aiies the (oss F—Cla co | Kequency ) CF oe tte if Algal f 2 |T Uess teant | see thew | __p=10 | 10 | ied | to-20 | Q0 qo Cioo=t0) to) econ) ee eee | $2 (iyo- 30) go- yo |as__ 90 3S Cywo- 65) | — Yo-so [10 “10° US“ Gvo-4o) | 5 10 2° 30 Yo to ts ho bo 4S SO ae re eek en Where Heeun —Meagsuss, OL Conbead A enden oy Mea Sure ae endenvy i alin Called | ps Q- Sel & OF Measure I - defined as-a Sing te Value | thet — ced bp reper aaa quien, wen Seb F) dled Ther fete, we howe 5 Aypss Oi “ow Ef ox i) Avi tkmeti Mean w. Mes dian, at | OF anagerite! Ww Geomebic mesn (y) Hevmonic meso Te Ac damys te Meo SupPese Wij No, Re — —— Ny ace given dod tna ca populedtion He ceithmstic mesun 16 Am. = %i4%atug --Pln 2 FH n AM. = Lf tke number 2 occurs fi times, BG occurs fa Aimes and So on, Ken AM: = (iy tf{or---+forn 3 Efe . Aa fate=-£a £ [example 1 Find fee mea hs! Yer fetinaing » Numbes £ lis[aoV Prequsnty ei a é | IE Zu = “FE 1oxb 4 1x6 faox — Bae _1a€ Tf Ley iia jeoin 2 os fellowes &FEVI9 - — S46 $9150 =" - _ The 3 cpanples hal dred matted gq Clealdhig Moun (frrtkmate mecn) '| | | [|]. Meiko 2 ballad 4 Dial Atkimal mer ete het oe be the ach ab meen, Kt Ol” be 9 oe tate fen 2 Fh ae 1 wl | | a || 2" ul BM © Zt fon AZM= fd aad Subhtsh eyuailiold . “€f ia Sr Sinee eprcttion ( Os A-Miq = ef ee aac com eer ef =f “ef « ‘ wos Sf +A ZL LA o- os | o5-] be-ps{pg—2- 0 3 20. 8 a : = Md Point xs 'b yo» fz [peel efe | d2 bers) | Qssumal mse. prog | (2 |oas | -1-0 Qz a5 —os-| |s lots | -o5 _ = yo-bs] is | pas o Tsao] 22 | ts | 0-5-Me Ze ase A apie = zm thas = aon Welk 2s called Step - deviekion mettced Lat “o>? be tee ascumed mean) —D” Hee Sty devicdio,, a ilernde from 0"! be The width op tow Chacy | De SK = GeV) | A-m = 2fb (+0. = | =f | Assigamowcl UL | Calcfade Te meen Curedt fom eranpee $ kta step deviation motto d AM: 2p. (rq whee B= Bea —ZE c | A= 0.a5/ l= OS -0-5 rps) doy [£ | % fdexapse_jep = o-0S [> Deas ° ° oO are [s loa los [ro [5 peeks [16 |bas [ro [ac |30 b5-9.9 120 175 (17S 3.0 | 6o 2250 Sfp = 45 Ams ZfD t+a ee = 95 ,0:SG0:25 = 1204 x 5° _ i ~ Matias 5 Ths ts defined cs tho Sige 4 tts Furey ts ak ) the foul —m t6s_mid = a o a eQion ‘(iexy Com be arranged Gt a, rae eas Sean _ oea 5 ede hel ¥ O) wag HO EOE Middle term = Ih Cot) th odd _ ann OS da ts HGH ATO —_ Matt Cen ure [- —__ ti ddl teem = fin tik = Wx OV | —SiGep dee 4+ fatek i |o eis oe Bae Lover leit fhe mesic chars | aes URAC oe cass, Ue th width | Gabe eee a ig tha wf g cl the wt Com A tf eeeding Feqlvencios tho median chou az j (Nh a the 3 faeces me hata Example 4 Fibd th median 2. 5,4) g, 4,19, M1413, Vs an even ota becaus ne fo = fot ye G+ Mie —Sthteemy Median — Lo a Eyampd a. Pid the median 4 5, 33) 4, 19) Hh 1 ped, pth efoe te ode | or} = (He + term ——— Wao CL none re . | patCollab thr median 9 the ish, Gallien o fae (20% ne) 35 (44-204) feel act att) lo A wal nla ' ie Gg U Me Lt Est aoe wilosoe N= Total Feapterey a ee epics | L = bowen (init y hee madion ast Er freqpony it befor th masdian [-e_botst frou tac _just_befink tee, mediqn Cass Pe eeey 9 cle martian Clics ——_| N= 314 c= 5 Ce oS, IS-5 ec) | £22 Pl Ba = 314 tne pties osld "s | ee 124< 169 ar leo a, —Sa, [60 Cam be found ct Que ideal 4g Joris) *s Fe 124 = lowe (int 9 the matey Class. OU Medion ass = 18-15 Hane foe 4 =I16 —s f= 50| wat GED kw =o + [2 xe 129) 5 — =o ~ [ises — 12% )410 A: U ZO ~ jo + 30-5 1 5O M = '13:05 {Case TD |—Mode : Define os the Size 9 tes vane Hee occas mast Grea rend ty Aer grup dota »_, (f= fe jt Modes OT Ua -6-f,. tha modal COs, 7 whe a (viet matt class = = fe anaty ae befcte Ha madd bass 4 A : vey wok after Ike madal class pt cee tt a iAssignnet IL rod fo Glue Yee prove ou ae postmen Mode) = * (Mean ~masian) nea F J! £ * £X Cie o-05 | bas | I 4 peed |5 Ops | 3-75 [4 yon bs (8 Fas [10-0 It | pS- 2.0 |F gs [Nad [op q.0-2-5 | 3 125 Gt at i [eae fy 23-1 i a N= at Ce ots = Si Nis odd (23) —__ His * - 7 4 (ns)-h= (aatt}h= 1 I TT wdle em SR ; Fs 4 ee ge ere ~ ———_M= be + {3 t= Ty =[ HA cors) AL | _ ee we Com find the median Chew le is oe an 2 3 hia ee)In colvieg gecmak VEG Empercal mnt d: Riad Meo is Supposed do be used wasted as ote 2h) fg [devon | fs eile O-o-5 oes [4 bo-5 2 ali | S=s= 10 10-95 | 5 | 0 © 4 = (| Sse de LE i S- a0 |p | F \ re + oY dogs [225 WS [5 ys lat “lope eft =135| =a tt coe = 14h AE fe 9 Fe r ta ye ea): os =pPay = flean— N Median + = % (Mean- Mode) R 23(t 25— Node) oe 1825 - Mode.Pe ee at q case LY geomecbae MAND TEES fae peplafion wth ofomels Hy Ma. = =~ Xn qe OM = (Ay xy rn) Example. Find tke OM i, & Lb CG. = (Yxex ib) = 9 sae = e . j Havmuam& Meer Tes 6 define cy tee acifgametic Maen sin Hee cecip= rocals 4. jer -ebomochs ty 4 given Samos 2 oe t is dented tay He Je =[ ft bat ~~~ Pal Mn _- Exampte | Find tke hecmame mean 4 45h i Load Ae =,lf4tatl] = H 4 © 3 iE H =2hn/ 4 GREE = f8/PH= C853 WEAN Devt Mp. w . Zpa “Naciane eda destin ——$ = Devi alion mutke d _ _ Let us Consider ] Ge 4 2 faim) ™ g if we or “assume mean'(ar - i— data : x pe eit | c ; — y Sf Cd 4) 7 we sd, Ge EL =a a ied od 4% 23 (Kaa) +, -A)> oe fy Foe del (5t D(H ——+ Sf (ee) ep Ce ; Ci? a(t) [efd\ = Ae gi. efd*— (ets\* : ef zd OS Erampe 2 | Astignmact LE B pot Calededa thr stemdanl drab {VanqnGe_wnth Tee above fos mala " ta) £ pe fea bea bl” [Fide O- O85 4 leas | io a2 2oclb ¥ 06h "0-5-1. 0 |S |o4s | aa5 0°92 | pays Ur 232 ho- hS | F [nas [gas $2 | 1FG | 1285 p5-g.0 13 |has feos 0-06 |o-o06 | O- olf co- @ SIS lnas |jeo |0-5K |o.aze | 2. 651 ese 3 Ol? lap |ss |hoe |reeq | 2.333 30-35 |F [sled tse louie (9-46 A Haa: + coDedodle Hee Standend deviciio, Ky Lon moltwd |} Qush Varianta ULiny ae adkows Dowd on ( la) fe \den-aasfcd [d® | fl2 1 4 O.95 |. -8 4 6 _\5 |e ps | -ts5 -$-5 995 |b 25 It \bho5 | _g-® [-F LI 4 3 Wes |= oe 5 | a 5 [O25 | OFS a__laas | Oo o |s |e 2 |2t© los |! [025 los + | 3.9.5 ag Ares ef oe Awd REGREssioW a Whoy evor two Vaal) coy x Gy Ok ead) wie Car _frotl is_clegres OQ my vdtiodup— Proof y Inllen eyes Lwe vanes x fdace ae [ah Cre Wediien. E Heck cm wlbease hn Dro 10 a Curnyp ound) by Ag Coense mr Ket other tion the varads tel’, Fixx sean Hs ged Lo Cop ‘Varies whe Le | cumareel 9 Qe 6 yy, 1 Coweletten, Cocgfiiea 6 seal yl' : eS) i Sadun AD a RX eo a ae Ss = doh —- Ss = i a Note Ihab Or” usualy Faker Jaliter wth th avy , =1eT ayy kod $9 fidive £ 1) Karl Peeson’ “ineled : 2) Spememsan Rank Lferenes male of _ tee waing Val Pearson's mathod - \ Te — feet =) \ [are eye Ya 27) j Px _ Fee Spege man Rank Adiffeconte mses! — c- 1-3 Z| = Cn? 1 ° J mol Lassigomoot at eo - leek got 4x2 _fobloy pestattaga. pray ee ehack chen tlbcbedk reat co opiced | D Crerelution _ __ Ball no [i [2 [3 fe [5 [6 [als [ape 5 xcs [1.813] 43/95[ 45] 62] 40/6 2)c5/34 Macks ip Shebwhed 84[S1/ 1] Co] es | Cals cl5eoa] th _Soltttien Nisin Go 7 mt Men 9 genes ae 3 a eee 5 I 1D =bp = tef Ct {of oO “| cF4f 36) ae ~ a | Syn sae ST aay, SETS ABP 7 SS aE 536 X-gacn $$14 F {a G -4 1G a {4 |[t = | H{B [% ° 5 poe ie |G) im ir 4 313 [18 —¥ 189 2f- 290 fe fe 6 dP Gx a8 = oc AME) 101) : Reseression — Lak a Conpidac (ba gue leaden obey tho (ins e} beet Fuk seh [bed ob 16 unc tenting as _y is incase. Taking Y= ath “ Z ta 3) PRES a QR = atbw tie - PR= PR— OR are Pa = Y-Cadbx) __| | ~ | ara ae | ee — - eS (yea tw diftcdiok rte és. 2 Zo aba) _ “fa ee a at nmin pum $s/ (a ie pa 7 O- —-a F (y-a-br) 7 = = 2 Cyeqaba) - = 23- pa be Diet (a) ee -\e Sy = nat ben ~Siferert ohins wetets b a Ss 5 22 € = a-bnai | p= ansh-abe} | 6 = HE Cy- a= HS oS Sy = ae BO ay Say = a Su +b 242 _ eo. _ > =\h $ at JT WS a n (a-a) (@ ~) uy? feo ere] S07] Eee 8 5 [a5 £ rede 33 [146-5 (2.8 [4 44 =24-Ga - 152.352 = 50-8372 Fata +1165 = . QA 2QYb = - 1148392 bs 0 F4 oF must te te value ne if 7c _ Bad 2UGbe hal ay V3 S$ $39.6 OD ap est — 20-4 : a = AAG3$ He 04 Note feet cin Vv whee a ond 6 muf | the necveat wel whekes +g_6-3=6.% g Les FP Oly = “OF 2A fou = @ = 6-0 9t o = 0- zie ek, G- OMe S08. org a~ bY sine deSx =03-6 sy 24,77 BEY = 33/2 7 Fe eee aieeT Te Ste a > 2 (@_ 2 a eer ee Q HQ ye HT Re. Uy a a — jek als esi (ENG ig yeti} telat Bi. n-Cna fed arn He alt fe Tne = & pe Sd So Cur Clue Ce ‘ eye MOY 6 hey We ludeschense Py i luis fe retih Wd Py anna Oks acta Y= - SO =e? Hs sq Bok yh oo a Oy, oe ae = tf = + ae - a Ney Ce Jig = =—}-9. XG, —=3Hemer the borg) Bim Con ficted Lotwoan xf yts 3 Examyke 32 Fd tke c3onesssion ling a yum % fry 1a_PAlowd dots, _ Je iat & [s[4/u tis ly vate -|S5{4]e 14 Estimsdle the value gf when A=alY side} | fay fae Nez @ $b ‘ote td Loft jek bEye a2 |g io ][G [9 | y a > {e 14 [Ie fie | __ [or ly = 6 + Te € |G |+ [ap [36 Tk=lly $e = 5 (8 [Ss |40 |e¢ | when = LO 6 19 [+ les | Sef 47 (0) ¢ |" |g [es fil a « ae See i il | of estes fre cor ctticktin Cae fiderd Frum Jy 26470 —_\ytcan ged RT ho =ta+Bblb __ 364 = 56a + Sab I bxy = peo Lsjenoat pee (sees _=2yo=- 5ba-3925. «S| eee 564 + Sath 84 = 133b be VilA Pe obabGy OSich len cnean ‘ dg 3 Sen a, Space. + Sam Pe space 1S a Set cd] : Si ble owh tomes BE ano pedmedt Se eal dacsted ley » = LAH, HH HTT, TAL Ti LTH, HTH, Ta oe Isa subset 9. a spad-Te AS dansted lay any tater eh )---PCe Mo) PS = % (STAY): PRD at Bag a 1 en Vatream Sollee hos tm deer de wlotko. fs ordsy i LAr Nose fy @ bank hotiday wwerkerel «Te tee hi rlidy thect tes Sodes mon Sls abl bas Std Eee Weader is Sunny ts 0-9, the probability — _ | thed ho Coll all when wiealke Cloud 1 0+; jc jhe probllility when the _weattor fy roth 05> FLA costing ds wesuboy free Cast, tee prokela'li ty | Sunstone, Clrd quod carne weatkol oxe 0-6 O23 gud _O-| cespectively « Tied te, gooey fet Hie Sale? man elk «il hic shods | Se Sunslins c= dud R= run B= Selling Law Shsules 4 Lce Cream . [ (OE —p(sd= ob 7 I pc alo. = 0: F Bes) 2 0.3 jb ala) = 0.3 — ——_t Qs i Me tale: sou piny roy LION i 2 of dy o-b+ o-Axott2Sko-!———— i 0:4 = 7 i — = Ba- ie 5 Thee oR EM, oe a ie > pl enn)/ P(A Ls a8 rls Pe Wein teTag PA) £ OF and PCO AO thers we can use] Cathy Corllary 1 by wie ot as Prvle) = _P(Bla)- PCA) a PCBTA)« Pla) +PCBIAY)- PLA Sate Re) = 5 POA __(=\ ———— Exerm pe __ I mackie A,B Cw ese engagol tra mela niiel Workshop jo prods a Cectedin” number o belts. Tee Conbibatio 9 A; Band C wert “ls, 35%o, quel 20" respectively Ny_engi ager micced q Galt Crm te prodaction,fowd oct the belt he picked war a clefective | ne Hid tes probably that ter dafec He bolt was (_ahe Gonbibution gh A, BEC pocae A dy ma we He clefFelive ‘ems othe production Wege So, On fobs eatpeckely : + - a a —_ PA) = 45% = A ed pe ee Ou — — RO = Qo = ee = POlA) = S%= O08 POl a= Gr = ob = = Pople) = So =o. 98 _ PO) = PCdIn) RY P (D8) Re) Pid» PLO > de oFy o-F5 4 01 Ob YX 0-35 1 O08 XO. ~Pelp) = Pend? — FC): POlad : PO)- Pe) . —- 0-285 - 'A Rain dom Verrinde|s Aefied oY Soe q fu cy ma Ty renclom vaber slant, tke Sct ps ~ Samy spree. Tr ss ea MG anil A a {oe oreo ae Lg Gwes hos = Sem h=- Labs dg. shuld wy wn thee tee class ek & hes) = Cm = ae yemebee “Type 4 — Random. yadathke : Dieeade *aandoan Varckhe Thos 1 a Ty pl v =e vada — Lika Het Woes avablus sepecched with wath «gap bu -\atles <6 tes ox uchege® Fa ye Corttinesu nor This 0 >a ty PS 4 ven hls leet 18 Lac tho aha valet 4 ciny® 9 org piguh a Y beg vole TMA oN whe ge ss stint: l job a wv seb y Wace spas ae aa Let pesn t Prob cl for matior, forttir he qi in a te _ ees be Coa St | Coin_Vimet we tL Ss Perna, WHT HITT TT, TM, TH, ae HTH ely ce fecble Tha gat KE Vy fos examfeyvaleen, “yarktn OY set u wudComas, is. 20 ye jo CUTT, THT TTH band bas pb ali tidy_ 314» Made Coo ken woe le pe strbilody MAS fancckion as fell ” q Expediod nl varance 4 dimcrede vanahe (| Ex [EB )-2 aci P kat}lee E b Expectation Ver (x) = ECK2) — ECx)* vet Var ts Vana Ba) = ai* Plea) USing tee okt belrs Example) Xz ar _o f » 2 Pica) A % Ve — Calewede the mean and Varance Abs Semper abe suction Wet = 2a POE a) = Mean = 0X Te + 1X Fe 4 BV £. 3x45 E(x) fg 2 hs WVanance Var (x) = EOC) — E(x)” - bt E0e)= 2 a pre a“) — EG?!) 20h wo KALKI BEY = Q4/g => abana = E08) — EX)> = 3= 5% —_———— — Types Types 9 ducake Rarelem Vrille - 7 D Bernoulli Ra Sorel breast Tas be = SingleMO Ted Wy EW = | Nae ae = D by : Bincrmal Random vanalde Was aaily 4 jakor” \ Pande ach thet dhe pee Tass fucetion PME) will ba |-@ i Pike a 2 E * rh ei eeey, “Vax (x) = PY ” 3) Pois. Porsg.on — Rando: om varalh i “Why on nos ys very lage and Ps very Smell os estig We SE poisson _Renclom Jeviablo - P(tea) 2 er ae | N= cobs Set E(x) Qensral fae mabye fre Vv mance Vae(x) = EKD— E(x)? | Combneus Randem van able = Tk has probability density fic (PIF), _Trsree, FOO rust Saki Sfy The follow Grodi tions fer Ho probabs lity denety finctin (PIA) be oClud § | @ fern) 7 © ka (a) must be > o ar Ndge | — OA 2 fro 2x2! bine tt Grdinuag _-e - BK 2 feo diz - we E(w dc a 7 = = (ox (ob do Twn Wore & C 2, el f eta ix} =the L Lo VV aaane au (a— PY force 5 T= f= 8) ode a — — —————— ~~ - =f Cn te _ (at aew ak eye