Brazilian Portuguese Tutorial

This tutorial is for Brazilian Portuguese, so if you can speak Portuguese from Portugal,
you may notice many differences, but don't worry! We can all understand each other. The
only difference is the accent and some words that will be listed soon. It's like the
difference between English spoken in England and English spoken in the USA.

1. Basic Phrases

Boa noite!
Bom dia! Boa tarde!
Good evening! / Good
Hello! / Good morning! Good afternoon!
night!

Oi/Olá! Tchau! Adeus. Por favor.

Hi! / Bye! Good bye. Please.

Até mais. Até logo. Até amanhã.

See you / See you later. See you soon. See you tomorrow.

Não há de quê.
(Muito) Obrigado. Bem-vindo
You're welcome. / Don't
Thank you (very much). Welcome
mention it.

Desculpe-me Com licença / Perdão. Vamos!

I'm sorry Excuse me / Pardon Let's go!

Como o senhor está? E aí?

Como vai?
How are you? (formal) How's it going? (Only in
How are you? (informal)
feminine: a senhora Brazil)

Mal / Muito mal / Mais ou

Bem / Muito bem Sim / Não
menos
Well / Very well Yes / No
Bad / Very bad / More or less

Qual é o seu nome?

Como o senhor se chama? Me chamo...
What is your name?
What is your name? (formal) My name is...
(informal)

Senhor / Senhora /
Prazer em conhecê-lo Igualmente.
Senhorita
Nice to meet you. Same here.
Mister / Mrs. / Miss

De onde o senhor é? De onde você é? Eu sou de...

Where are you from? (formal) Where are you from? I'm from...
 (informal)

Quantos anos o senhor

Quantos anos você tem? Eu tenho _____ anos.
tem?
How old are you? (informal) I am _____ years old.
How old are you? (formal)

O senhor fala português? Você fala inglês?

(Não) Falo...
Do you speak Portuguese? Do you speak English?
I (don't) speak...
(formal) (informal)

Compreende? / Entende? (Não) Compreendo. / (Não) Eu (não) sei.

Do you understand? (formal / Entendo. yoh noh loh seh
informal) I (don't) understand. I (don't) know.

Pode me ajudar? Claro que sim Como?

Can you help me? Of course What? Pardon me?

Há / Havia...
Onde está / Onde estão... ? Aqui
There is / are... / There
Where is ... / Where are ... ? Here.
was / were...

Como se diz ____ em

Qual é o problema?
português? O que é isto?
What's the matter (with
How do you say ___ in What is that?
you)?
Portuguese?

Não importa. O que aconteceu? Não tenho idéia.

It doesn't matter. What's happening? I have no idea.

Estou cansado / doente. Estou com fome / sêde. Estou com calor / frio.
I'm tired / sick. I'm hungry / thirsty. I'm hot / cold.

Estou chateado. Não me importa. Não se preocupe.

I'm bored. I don't care. Don't worry

Tudo bem / 'Tá bom. Me esqueci. Tenho que ir agora.

That's alright. I forgot. I must go now.

Saúde! Parabéns! Boa sorte!

Bless you! Congratulations! Good luck!

Eu te amo.
É a sua vez. Cale-se! / Cala a boca!
I love you. (informal and
It's your turn. (informal) Shut up!
singular)
 Notice that Portuguese has informal and formal ways of saying things. This is because
there is more than one meaning to "you" in Portuguese (as well as in many other
languages.) The informal you is used when talking to close friends, relatives, animals or
children. The formal you is used when talking to someone who is older than you or
someone for whom you would like to show respect (a professor, for example.) There are
also two ways to say you in the plural, used when speaking to more than one person.

All the adjectives in Portuguese have masculine and feminine forms, as we'll see later.

2. Pronunciation

Portuguese
English Sound
Letter
a like a in after
e like e in empty or if it's at the end of a word, like ee in cheese
i always like ee
o like the sound of all but without the l sound
u always like oo in fool
lh like lli in million but shorter
h silent
nh like ny in canyon
r in beginning of word like h in hot. Between two letters like the Italian r in Maria
rr always like h in hot
d like in English
j like in English but without the d sound. Something like zh or a hard sh
g before e and i like j. Otherwise like g in go
gue, gui the g in go followed by e or i
qua, quo are always pronounced separately, like kwa, kwo
between vowels, like z in zoo; otherwise like z. (In Portugal, like sh when at the
s
end of a word.
x sometimes like sh in shift or like z in zoo
ç like ss
z like z in English (In Portugal, like zh when at the end of a word.)
ã like oe in does
â like ã but shorter
á like a in Artic
ê like e but shorter
é like a in apple
í like i but longer
ô like o but shorter
ó like o in more
ú like u but longer
ch like sh in shift
õe like "oen"

3. Alphabet

a a j jota t tê
b bê l éle u u
c cê m ême v vê
d dê n êne x xis
e ê o o z zê
f éfe p pê Foreign letters
g gê q quê k ká
h agá r érre w dábliu
i i s ésse y ípsolon

Note: The letter ç (cê cedilha) is not part of the alphabet.

Spelling changes as of January 2009:

- The letters K, W and Y are now oficially part of the alphabet;

Note: It wasn't oficial.

- The deletion of diaeresis (trema: '¨') in words with gue, gui, que and qui, as: aguentar,
arguir, cinquenta, tranquilo, etc;
Note: I said that last time, remember? :P

- The deletion of differencial acent in the words "pára/para", "péla/pela", "pêlo/pelo",

"pólo/polo" and "pêra/pera" is gone also, but it stands unchanged in the verbs "pôr",
"poder" and others whose use the accent as way to difference from singular and plural
(i.e.: tem/têm);
Note: This change was little, but can confuse even native speakers, since, some weeks
back then, I had to argue with a friend if the verb "ter" still have its accent in the plural
forms. And yes, it still has. ;)

- The deletion acute accent in open diphthongs ói and éi from paroxytones (i.e.: alcaloide,
apoia, boia, colmeia);
Note: This change was very drastic, and it's very hard to live with it.
- The deletion of acute accent on stressed i and u after diphthongs in paroxytone words
(i.e.: feiura);
Note: This change was also not that hard to live with.

- The deletion of circumflex accent on words with êem and ôo(s) endings (i.e.: leem, voo,
enjoo);
Note: This one is as very annoying, also. :(

- The deletion of hyphen in compound words which second element begins with S or R,
whose shall be doubled (i.e.: antirracismo, antissocial), and in cases where there are
vowels in both the first element's ending and the second element's beginning (i.e.:
antiaéreo, autoestrada).

4. Definite and Indefinite Articles and Demonstratives

Masc. Fem. Masc. Fem.

Singular Singular Plural Plural
the o a the os as
a, an um uma some uns umas
this este esta these estes estas
that esse essa those esses essas
that aquele aquela those aqueles aquelas

Note: The way to say That:

1. you use esse when you see something that is not with you but it's near
2. you use aquele when you see something that is far from you or that is not near
you at that moment.

5. Subject Pronouns

eu I nós we
you (not used in popular plural of tu (also not used in
tu vós
speech) popular speech)
ele / ela eles /
he / she / they / they /
/ elas /
you (informal) you (plural informal)
você vocês
Note: As tu and vós are not used nowadays, I will not use them to explain the declensions
of the verbs. We use the word você for the same meaning if you're talking to someone
from your family or friends. If you're talking to someone you don't know, you must use
"o senhor" or "a senhora" (Mr or Mrs.). The word tu is only used in the region South of
Brazil, where they normally don't use você.

In Portugal, o senhor and a senhora are very formal ways to say you. Você is considered
semiformal and tu is considered informal.

6. To Be and to Have

ser - to be estar - to be ter - to have

eu sou nós somos eu estou nós estamos eu tenho nós temos
ele/ela/você eles/elas/ são ele/ela/ está eles/elas/ estão ele/ela/ tem eles/elas/ têm
é estão você vocês você vocês

In Portugal, the tu form of ser is és, the tu form of estar is estás, and the tu form of tener
is tens.

Note: Ser is used to say when you are something, and Estar is used to say when you are
in somewhere. Examples:

Eu sou o novo aluno. I am the new student

Eu estou no meu novo carro. I am in my new car

Common Expressions with "to be"

to be afraid - ter medo
to be against - estar contra
to be at fault - ter culpa
to be careful - ter cuidado
to be cold - estar com frio
to be curious - ser curioso (a)
to be happy - estar contente
to be hot - estar com calor
to be hungry - estar com fome
to be in a hurry - ter pressa, estar com pressa
to be jealous - ter ciúmes
to be lucky - ter sorte
to be patient - ser paciente
to be successful - ter sucesso
to be thirsty - estar com sêde
to be tired - estar cansado (a)

7. Question Words

what o que* which qual (quais)

who quem how much quanto (-a) (-s)
how como how many quanto (-a) (-s)
when quando whom a quem
where onde whose de quem
why por que*

Note: the word que always receives the circumflex when its’s placed in the end of a
sentence. For example: Você está procurando o quê? You’re looking for what? Ele
acha isso por quê? (Why) does he think so?

8. Numbers / Ordinals

0 zero
1 um first primeiro
2 dois second segundo
3 três third terceiro
4 quatro fourth quarto
5 cinco fifth quinto
6 seis sixth sexto
7 sete seventh sétimo
8 oito eighth oitavo
9 nove ninth nono
10 dez tenth décimo
11 onze eleventh décimo primeiro/undécimo
12 doze twelfth décimo segundo/duodécimo
13 treze thirteenth décimo terceiro
14 catorze/quatorze fourteenth décimo quarto
15 quinze fifteenth décimo quinto
16 dezesseis sixteenth décimo sexto
17 dezessete seventeenth décimo sétimo
18 dezoito eighteenth décimo oitavo
 19 dezenove nineteenth décimo nono
20 vinte twentieth vigésimo
21 vinte e um twenty-first vigésimo primeiro
22 vinte e dois twenty-second vigésimo segundo
30 trinta thirtieth trigésimo
40 quarenta fortieth quadragésimo
50 cinqüenta / cincoenta fiftieth qüinquagésimo
60 sessenta sixtieth sexagésimo
70 setenta seventieth septuagésimo
80 oitenta eightieth octogésimo
90 noventa ninetieth nonagésimo
100 cem/cento hundredth centésimo
1000 mil thousandth milésimo

Note: If you are just saying 100, you use just cem. If it's over 100, you use cento. So 101
is cento e um. And 156 would be cento e cinqüenta e seis. The words for 16, 17, 18 and
19 are pronounced like dzesseis, dzessete, dzoito and dzenove respectively. The only
numbers that have a feminine form are 1 (um/uma) and 2 (dois/duas). All other numbers
are masculine.

9. Days of the Week

Monday segunda-feira
Tuesday terça-feira
Wednesday quarta-feira
Thursday quinta-feira
Friday sexta-feira
Saturday sábado
Sunday domingo
the day o dia
the week a semana
the weekend o fim de semana
today hoje
tomorrow amanhã

Note: the days from Monday to Friday have this name because they were called
according to the fair (feira) that used to take place in that day a long time ago. A "Feira"
is a set of tents pitched in the street where you can buy vegetables, fruits, and other foods.
10. Months of the Year

January janeiro
February fevereiro
March março
April abril
May maio
June junho
July julho
August agosto
September setembro
October outubro
November novembro
December dezembro
the month o mês
the first of [a month] primeiro de [month]
the year o ano

Note: To say the day of a month, you don't use the ordinal form of the number, like in
English. You use the real name of the number. Ex: 16/04/2005 - Dezesseis de abril de
dois mil e cinco

11. Seasons

spring primavera autumn outono

summer verão winter inverno

Note: To say in the summer, spring, etc. use na or no and the season. No verão means
in the summer.

12. Directions

north norte east leste

south sul west oeste
northeast nordeste northwest noroeste
southeast sudeste southwest sudoeste
13. Colors

red vermelho violet violeta

pink rosa brown marrom
orange laranja dark brown marrom escuro
yellow amarelo black preto
green verde gray cinza
blue azul white branco
light blue azul claro gold dourado
purple roxo [rosho] silver prateado

14. Time

Que horas são? What time is it?

É uma hora. It's one.
São duas, três, quatro... horas It's two/three/four...
É meio dia. It's noon.
É meio dia e meia* It's half past noon.
É meia noite. It's midnight.
São cinco e cinco. It's 5:05
São oito e quinze. It's 8:15
São quinze para as dez. It's 9:45
São dez para as nove. It's 8:50
São vinte e cinco para as seis It's 5:35
São três e meia. It's 3:30

Note: you say meio dia e meia because it’s midday and a half hour (that is feminine).
Don’t say meio dia e meio, though many people used to say this.

15. Weather

Como está o tempo hoje? How's the weather today?

Está bonito. The weather's beautiful (nice).
Está feio. The weather's ugly (bad).
Está frio. It's cold.
Está quente. It's hot.
Está ensolarado. It's sunny.
 Está ventando. It's windy.
Está chovendo. It's raining.
Está nevando. It's snowing.
Está nublado. It's cloudy.

16. Prepositions

a at ao lado de beside
com with ao redor de around
contra against perto de near
de of, from longe de far from
em in, on em frente a in front of
entre between, among em baixo de below, under
cerca de towards, about em frente de opposite
para for, in order, by atrás de behind
por for, through, along, via em cima de above
sobre on, over até till, until
sem without desde from, since

Note: The word after the preposition em and de sometimes needs to have the article, so
you combine the two words. Examples:

em + o = no - em + a = na - em + um = num - em + uma = numa

de + o = do - de + a = da - de + um = dum - de + uma = duma

a + o = ao - a + a = à

Estou no escritório. I'm in the office.

Ficamos numa fazenda. We stayed at a farm.

17. Family and Animals

family família grandfather avô dog cachorro/cão

parents pais grandmother avó cat gato
husband marido/esposo grandson neto bird pássaro
wife esposa/mulher granddaughter neta fish peixe
father pai uncle tio horse cavalo
 mother mãe aunt tia goat cabra
son filho nephew sobrinho pig porco
daughter filha niece sobrinha cow vaca
children filhos cousin (m) primo rabbit coelho
sister irmã cousin (f) prima turtle tartaruga
brother irmão relatives parentes mouse rato

18. To Know People and Facts

conhecer - to know people, places saber - to know facts

eu conheço nós conhecemos eu sei nós sabemos
ele/ela/você eles/elas/vocês ele/ela/você eles/elas/vocês
conhece conhecem sabe sabem

Conhecer means to be acquainted/familiar with someone or something, and it cannot be

used with abstract things or ideas. Saber is to know facts, even if those facts involve
people or things.

Eu sei quem é esta pessoa. I know who is this person.

Eu sei qual é esta cidade. I know which city is this one.
Eu conheço esta pessoa. I know this person.
Eu conheço esta cidade. I know this city.

19. Formation of Plural

words that
all other
words that end in -l words that end in -ão end in -s or
words
-z
drop the l and put -is if the it has no rule. Sometimes you
word does not have an i change it to -ões or -ães, or just add
have no just add an
before the l. If it has an e -s, depending on the word. You
plural form. -s.
you change it to é to make better memorize the plural when
the same sound. you learn the word.
pêra (pear) -
pêras
ônibus
coração (heart) - corações (bus)
maçã
(apple) -
pastel (pastry) - pastéis mão (hand) - mãos óculos
maçãs
(glasses)
cão (dog) - cães
guaraná
arroz (rice)
(soda) -
guaranás
20. Possessive Adjectives

Singular Plural
Masc Fem Masc Fem
my meu minha meus minhas
your teu tua teus tuas
your/his/her/its seu sua seus suas
our nosso nossa nossos nossas
your seu sua seus suas
your/their dele dela deles delas

The possessive adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun that they describe.

21. To Do or Make

fazer - to do or make
eu faço nós fazemos
ele/ela/você faz eles/elas/vocês fazem

22. Work and School

doctor médico history história

dentist dentista math matemática
lawyer advogado algebra álgebra
professor professor geometry geometria
teacher professor science ciência
engineer engenheiro physics física
architect arquiteto chemistry química
writer escritor zoology zoologia
journalist jornalista botany botânica
musician músico geography geografia
painter pintor music música
pharmacist farmacêutico art arte
banker bancário drawing desenho
carpenter carpinteiro painting pintura
barber barbeiro linguistics lingüística
mechanic mecânico languages línguas / idiomas
salesman vendedor
electrician eletricista
postman carteiro
policeman policial
soldier soldado
 pilot piloto
secretary secretária
typist digitador
nurse enfermeira

23. Countries and Nationalities

Country Masculine (Feminine) Nationality

Germany Alemanha alemão (alemã)
Argentina Argentina argentino(a)
Australia Austrália australiano(a)
Bolivia Bolívia boliviano(a)
Canada Canadá canadense
Columbia Colômbia colombiano(a)
Costa Rica Costa Rica costarriquenho(a)
Cuba Cuba cubano(a)
Chile Chile chileno(a)
China China chinês(a)
Denmark Dinamarca dinamarquês / dinamarquesa
Ecuador Equador equatoriano(a)
Egypt Egito egípcio(a)
Spain Espanha espanhol(a)
United States Estados Unidos (norte) americano(a)
France França francês(a)
India Índia indiano(a)
England Inglaterra inglês (inglesa) / britânico (a)
Italy Itália italiano(a)
Japan Japão japonês (japonesa)
Mexico México mexicano(a)
Norway Noruega norueguês(a) / norueguesa
Poland Polônia polaco(a) / polonês (polonesa)
Portugal Portugal português / portuguesa
Russia Rússia russo(a)
South Africa África do Sul (sul-)africano(a)
Sweden Suécia sueco(a)

24. To / In and From

 to a
from de
in em

Remember to use the prepositional contractions when a noun with an article follows the
preposition.

25. To Come and to Go

vir - to come ir - to go
eu venho nós vimos eu vou nós vamos
ele/ela/você vem eles/elas/vocês vêm ele/ela/você vai eles/elas/vocês vão

26. Misc. Words

a lot muito always sempre

very much muitíssimo everyday todos os dias
a little pouco now agora
very little pouquíssimo usually usualmente
sometimes às vezes there aí
well bem over there ali
after depois too bad muito mal
poorly mal

27. Conjugating Regular Verbs

Verbs in Portuguese end in -ar, -er or -ir. Before a verb is conjugated, it is called the
infinitive. Removing the last two letters gives you the stem of the verb (cantar is to sing,
cant- is the stem.) To conjugate regular verbs in the present tense, add these endings to
the stems:

-ar -er -ir

o amos o emos o imos
a am e em e em

Remember that verbs do not require the subject pronouns, so just canto means I sing.
Here are some more regular verbs:

-ar verbs -er verbs -ir verbs

 dançar to dance aprender to learn convir to convey
desejar to desire comer to eat partir to leave
escutar to listen correr to run imprimir to print
estudar to study ler to read
falar to speak vender to sell
praticar to practice beber to drink
tomar to take compreender to understand
viajar to travel

To make sentences negative, simply put não in front of the verb.

28. Reflexive Verbs

The subject and the object are the same with reflexive verbs - the subject acts upon itself.
A reflexive verb in Portuguese will be marked with -se attached to the end of the
infinitive. These verbs are conjugated like regular verbs, except the reflexive pronoun
agrees with case and gender and precedes the verb when not used in the infinitive form.
Reciprocal verbs are the same as reflexive except the action passes from one person to
another. It can only be used in the first and third person plural forms. Reflexive verbs
sometimes use the "-self" forms in English, while the reciprocal verbs use "each other."

Reflexive Pronouns
me nos
se se

Some common reflexive verbs:

deitar-se - to go to bed
banhar-se - to bathe oneself
casar-se - to get married
despedir-se - to farewell
levantar-se - to rise
sentar-se - to sit down
vestir-se - to dress oneself
atrever-se - to dare
queixar-se - to complain

29. Object Pronouns

 The object pronouns are used when you're talking about someone or something that is not
the subject of an action, and are placed together with the verb. If -lo/-la/-los/-las come
after a verb in the infinitive, you take off the -r of the verb, and put an acute accent (´).

Object Pronouns
me nos
-lo / -la / -lhe -los / -las / -lhes

Ex:

Vou dizer-lhe a verdade. I will tell you the truth

Vou apresentá-lo (inf: apresentar) a você. I will introduce him to you

In everyday speech you can put the object pronoun in front of the verb, but it's wrong to
write it this way. Examples:

Me diga se estou certo. Tell me if I'm right

Diga-me se estou certo. Tell me if I'm right

30. Irregular Verbs

For the irregular verbs, you better learn by heart when you learn them. There's no rule or
pattern to follow, but don't be nervous, they are fewer in number than the regular verbs.

dizer (to say) ir (to go) pedir (to ask)

eu digo nós dizemos eu vou nós vamos eu peço nós pedimos
ele/ela/você eles/elas/vocês ele/ela/você eles/elas/vocês ele/ela/você eles/elas/vocês
diz dizem vai vão pede pedem

31. Impersonal "se"

It shows that an action is made by an indefinite person. It's common, but not simple. You
can use other resources to make the same sentence. See the difference below:

Aqui se faz, aqui se paga. Here it's done, here it's paid (Brazilian proverb).

O que é feito aqui, é pago aqui. What is done here, is paid here.

Faz-se necessária a mudança. The change is made necessary.

Precisamos mudar isso. We need to change it.

Quando se saberá? When will it be known?

Quando saberemos? When will we know?

32. Pretérito Perfeito

The pretérito perfeito tense expresses an action in the past. It is used to describe events
that are finished or complete. It is formed by adding these endings to the infinitive stem.

-ar verbs -er verbs -ir verbs

-ei -amos -i -emos -i -imos
-ou -aram -eu -eram -iu -iram

Vivi em Portugal por dois anos. I lived in Portugal for two years.
Eles falaram com as crianças. They spoke with the children.
Quem comeu o bolo de chocolate? Who ate the chocolate cake?

33. Pretérito Imperfeito

The pretérito imperfeito tense expresses an action that used to happen but not anymore.

-ar verbs -er and -ir verbs

-ava -ávamos -ia -íamos
-ava -avam -ia -iam

Vivia em Portugal dois anos. I used to live in Portugal for two years.
Eles falavam com as crianças. They used to speak with the children.
Quem comia bolo de chocolate? Who used to eat chocolate cake?

34. Futuro do Pretérito

The futuro do pretérito tense is the conditional tense.

-ar -er and -ir verbs

-ria -ríamos
-ria -riam

Eu a amaria. I would love her.

Vocês comeriam o tomate? Would you eat the tomato?
Nós partiríamos mais cedo. We would leave earlier.
35. Futuro do Presente

The futuro do presente is the simple future.

-ar -er and -ir verbs

-rei -remos
-rá -rão

Ela fará a lição. She will make the lesson.

Vocês dirigirão até sua casa? Will you drive to your house (or home)?
Nós deixaremos ele ir. We will let him go.

Note: In everyday speech, the future tense is not used. Instead, in Brazil we use the form
ir (to go) + infinitive of the verb. See the difference below:

Ela vai fazer a lição. She will make the lesson.

Vocês vão dirigir até sua casa? Will you drive to your house (or home)?
Nós vamos deixar ele (or deixá-lo) ir. We will let him go.

36. Food and Meals

breakfast café da manhã / desjejum tablecloth toalha de mesa

lunch almoço napkin guardanapo
supper ceia fork garfo
dinner jantar knife faca
meal refeição spoon colher
food comida plate, dish prato
bread pão glass copo
roll pão francês (or média) cup taça
butter manteiga salt sal
meat carne saltshaker saleiro
fish peixe pepper pimenta
vegetables vegetais (verduras / legumes*) pepper shaker pimenteiro
fruit fruta sugar açúcar
cheese queijo sugar bowl açucareiro
crackers bolacha vinegar vinagre
candy doce coffeepot cafeteira
sandwich sanduíche teapot bule
ice cream sorvete tray bandeja

Note: verduras are all kind of leaves (like lettuce) and legumes are all other vegetables
(like tomato, potato, etc.)
 37. Gostar

In Portuguese, one who likes literally likes of something, so you need to use the
preposition de (and the appropriate definite article if needed) after the verb gostar. Gostar
plus a noun means to like something. Literally, it means to please and takes an indirect
object, so the construction of the sentence will be different than that of English.

Eu gosto de I like Nós gostamos de we like

Ele/ela/você gosta de he/she/you like Eles/elas/vocês gostam de they/you like

Eu gosto de flores. I like flowers. (Note: If you like specific flowers, you say: Eu gosto
das flores or Eu gosto destas flores)
Eu gosto da casa. We like the house.
Não gosto (disso). I don't like it.
Você gosta (disso)? Do you like it?

38. Fruits, Vegetables and Meats

apple maçã lettuce alface ham presunto

orange laranja cabbage couve bacon bacon / toucinho
banana banana cauliflower couve-flor chicken frango
grapefruit toranja aspargus aspargo turkey peru
lemon limão spinach espinafre lobster lagosta
peach pêssego tomato tomate water água
fig figo bean feijão soda refrigerante
grape uva rice arroz wine vinho
pear pêra carrot cenoura pork porco
plum amora turnip nabo pancake panqueca
cherry cereja onion cebola corn milho
pineapple abacaxi cucumber pepino sauce molho
melon melão artichoke alcachofra pasta macarrão
watermelon melancia eggplant berinjela* beet beterraba
strawberry morango radish rabanete egg ovo
raspberry framboesa broccoli brócolis cake bolo
blackberry jaboticaba pepper pimenta pie torta
beef bife garlic alho ice cream sorvete
sausage salsicha potato batata passion fruit maracujá

Note: Eggplant is beringela in Portugal.

39. To Drink

beber - to drink tomar - to drink

bebo bebemos tomo tomamos
bebe bebem toma tomam

When you use beber, it usually refers to alcohol, but there's no problem if you specify the
drink after the verb. You can also say tomar o desjejum - to have the breakfast, but
never say tomar o almoço or tomar o jantar. For this purpose we have the verbs
almoçar - to have lunch and jantar - to have dinner.

40. Commands

To form the imperative forms, you put these endings after the stem.

-ar -er or -ir

ele/ela/você -e -a
eles/elas/vocês -em -am

Fale! = Speak!
Coma! = Eat!
Não coma! = Don't eat!

Ir and ser have irregular forms as formal commands: vá and vão for ir and seja and
sejam for ser.

41. More Negatives

To make sentences negative, you place não before the verb. Other negatives may precede
or follow the verb, but if they follow, they must follow a negative verb (a double
negative). The word order is no + verb + negative. Example: Ele não gosta de nada! He
doesn’t like anything!

nada nothing, (not) anything

ninguém nobody, (not) anybody
nenhum(a) no, none
tampouco neither, either
nem nor
nem...nem neither... nor
nem sequer not even
nunca, jamais never, ever
 Nunca means ever when it follows a comparative; jamais means ever when it follows an
affirmative verb.

42. Holiday Phrases

Feliz Natal Merry Christmas

Feliz Ano Novo Happy New Year
Feliz Páscoa Happy Easter
Feliz Aniversário Happy Birthday

Brazilian National Anthem

by Osório Duque Estrada

Ouviram do Ipiranga às margens It was heard from the calm borders of the Ipiranga
plácidas (river)
De um povo heróico o brado The loud scream from a heroic people
retumbante And the sun of liberty in light rays
E o sol da liberdade em raios fúlgidos Shone in the sky of the land in that instant
Brilhou no céu da pátria nesse If the gift of the equality
instante With strong arms we could conquer
Se o penhor desta igualdade In thy breast, oh liberty
Conseguimos conquistar com braços Challenges our breast to our own death
fortes O beloved land, worshiped, save save!
Em teu seio, ó liberdade Brazil, a living ray of an intense dream
Desafia o nosso peito à própria morte Of love and hope comes down to the earth
Ò pátria amada, idolatrada, salve If in thy beautiful and clear sky
salve! The image of the Cruzeiro (group of stars) appears
Brasil, de um sonho intenso um raio Giant for its own nature
vívido Thou art beautiful, strong and huge
De amor e de esperança à terra desce If in thy future is shown this grandiosity
Se em teu formoso céu risonho e O beloved land
límpido Among other thousand, thou art Brazil
A imagem do Cruzeiro resplandece Thou art kind mother of the children of this land
Gigante pela própria natureza O beloved land Brazil!
És belo, és forte, impávido colosso
Se em teu futuro espelha essa Lying forever in a rich cradle
grandeza Hearing the sound of the sea and seeing the deep
Ó pátria amada blue of thy sky
Entre outras mil és tu Brasil, ó pátria Thou art blessed o Brazil, flower of America
amada And lighten by the sun of the new world
Dos filhos deste solo és mãe gentil Our land has more fruits
Pátria amada, Brasil! Thy fields has more flowers
Our forests has more lives
Deitado eternamente em berço
esplêndido
Ao som do mar e à luz do céu
profundo
Fulguras, ó Brasil, florão da América
Iluminado ao sol do novo mundo
Do que a terra, mais garrida!
Teus risonhos lindos campos têm
Our lives in thy breast have more love
mais flores
O beloved land, worshiped, save save!
Nossos bosques têm mais vida!
Brazil, be the symbol of a great dream
Nossa vida em teu seio mais amores
The starful flag that thou hangst
Ò pátria amada, idolatrada, salve
And tell to the deep green of this flag
salve!
Peace in the future and glory in the past
Brasil, de um sonho eterno seja
But if thou rises the clave of justice
símbolo
You'll see that no child of yours leaves the battle
O lábaro que ostentas estrelado
And who loves you has no fear even death
E diga ao verde-louro desta flâmula
Beloved land!
Paz no futuro e glória no passado
Among other thousand, thou art Brazil
Mas se ergues da justiça a clava forte
Thou art kind mother of the children of this land
Verás que um filho teu não foge à
O beloved land Brazil!
luta
Nem teme quem te adora a própria
morte
Terra adorada
Entre outras mil és tu Brasil, ó pátria
amada
Dos filhos deste solo és mãe gentil
Pátria amada, Brasil!

Portuguese National Anthem

Heróis do mar, nobre povo,

Nação valente, e imortal,
Levantai hoje de novo
O esplendor de Portugal!
Entre as brumas da memória,
Ó Pátria sente-se a voz
Dos teus egrégios avós,
Que há-de guiar-te à vitória!

Às armas, às armas!
Sobre a terra, sobre o mar,
Às armas, às armas!
Pela Pátria lutar
Contra os canhões marchar, marchar!
Desfralda a invicta Bandeira,
À luz viva do teu céu!
Brade a Europa à terra inteira:
Portugal não pereceu
Beija o solo teu jucundo
O Oceano, a rugir d'amor,
E teu braço vencedor
Deu mundos novos ao Mundo!

Às armas, às armas!
Sobre a terra, sobre o mar,
Às armas, às armas!
Pela Pátria lutar
Contra os canhões marchar, marchar!

Saudai o Sol que desponta

Sobre um ridente porvir,
Seja o eco de uma afronta
O sinal do ressurgir.
Raios dessa aurora forte
São como beijos de mãe,
Que nos guardam, nos sustêm,
Contra as injúrias da sorte.

Às armas, às armas!
Sobre a terra, sobre o mar,
Às armas, às armas!
Pela Pátria lutar
Contra os canhões marchar, marchar!