Mekanika
Mekanika
MEKANIKA
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TATA TERTIB PRAKTIKUM MEKANIKA
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KATA PENGANTAR
Tim Penyusun
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DAFTAR ISI
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MENGURAIKAN SEBUAH GAYA
A. Pendahuluan
Menguraikan gaya adalah kebalikan dari
menyusun gaya. Jika dalam “Menyusun Gaya” yang
dicari adalah resultan dari komponen-komponen
Metode segittiga
gaya, maka pada “Menguraikan Gaya” kita
menguraikan gaya menjadi komponen-komponen.
Dalam menguraikan gaya, kita dapat menggunakan
sistem jajaran genjang gaya maupun sistem Metode jajaran genjang
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Percobaan ini dilakukan untuk mencari dua gaya yang bekerja saling tegak lurus yang
ekivalen dengan satu gaya yang ditentukan. Apakah dua gaya yang bekerja saling tegak
lurus tersebut benar-benar sama dengan gaya tunggal yang telah ditentukan?
B. Persiapan
Rangkai alat percobaan seperti terlihat pada Gambar 2.1. Selama percobaan, Anda
akan mengatur dinamometer dan/atau puli
sedemikian rupa sehingga bagian tali yang
merentang diantara puli (katrol) dan benda
cincin ada pada kedudukan horizontal, dan
benda cincin berpusat pada titik pusat busur
derajat. (Untuk mengatur sistem dalam posisi
horizontal atau vertikal, barangkali perlu
diggunakan bidang miring).
Pada keadaan tertentu, perlu dihilangkan
efek gesekan pada sistem dengan cara
mengetuk papan percobaan beberapa kali,
atau menarik salah satu beban dan kemudian Gambar 1.3. Persiapan percobaan
dilepaskan. Jika posisi beberapa alat berubah,
atur lagi sedemikian rupa sehingga kembali ke keadaan awal.
Gaya -F Xyang bekerja pada benda cincin padaGambar 1.3 dapat dibaca pada
dinamometer; gaya -Fy adalah gaya yang bekerja pada benda cincin oleh beban m1; gaya
F adalah gaya yang diberikan oleh beban m2. Ketiga gaya tersebut dalam keadaan
setimbang, dan resultan gaya -F xdan -FY setimbang dengan gaya F.
C. Rumusan Masalah
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D. Hipotesis
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E. Pengujian Hipotesis
1. Penentuan Variabel
a. Variabel bebas : ...................................................................................................
b. Variabel terikat : ...................................................................................................
c. Variabel kontrol : ...................................................................................................
2. Definisi Operasional
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F. Alat dan Bahan
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G. Prosedur Kerja
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H. Tabel Pengamatan
I. Analisis Data
Perhitungan
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J. Pembahasan
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K. Kesimpulan
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MOMEN INERSIA BENDA
A. Pendahuluan
Sebuah sistem yang terdiri dari tiga buah partikel
dengan massa m1, m2 dan m3membentuk suatu benda
tegar seperti tampak pada Gambar 2.1.
Apabila m1 berada pada posisi r1 dan bergerak rotasi
dengan kecepatan sudut ω, memiliki kecepatan linier v1
= ω×r1, momentum sudut partikel tersebut Gambar 2.1 Sistem benda tegar dengan
tiga partikel berputar dengan sumbu di
O.
atau
………………………………..(2.1)
dengan cara yang sama untuk m2dan m3
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Apabila Δmi diambil sangat kecil, momen inersia dapat dituliskan
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B. Persiapan
Siapkan dan susun alat percobaan seperti pada Gambar 2.2 di bawah ini..
C. Rumusan Masalah
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D. Hipotesis
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E. Pengujian hipotesis
1. Penentuan Variabel
b. Variabel bebas : ...................................................................................................
c. Variabel terikat : ...................................................................................................
d. Variabel kontrol : ...................................................................................................
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2. Definisi Operasional
a. ...................................................................................................................................
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F. Alat dan Bahan
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G. Prosedur Kerja
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H. Tabel Pengamatan
Tabel dimensi dan momen inersia benda
Massa Dia. Luar Dia. Dalam Tinggi
No. Nama Benda
(kg) (m) (m) (m)
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2
3
4
5
6
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I. Analisis Data
Hitung momen inersia benda secara teori! Dengan persamaan (2.5) hitunglah momen
inersia untuk masing-masing benda! Hitung kesalahan relatif momen inersia teori dan
hasil eksperimen dengan persamaan
23+4 .
/0! 1 1 × 100%
23+4
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J. Pembahasan
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J. Kesimpulan
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Pesawat Sederhana
Puli (Katrol)
A. Pendahuluan
Puli (katrol) dapat dianggap sebuah tuas.
Gambar 3.1 memperlihatkan dua cara yang umum
dalam penggunaan puli, yaitu puli tetap dan puli
bebas. Cara kerja puli tetap ekivalen dengan cara
kerja tuas AB, dengan beban dan kuasa pada sisi
yang berlawanan terhadap titik
penumpu.(umumnya disebut tumpu).
Perbandingan panjang lengan adalah 1:1. Secara
teoritis, keuntungan mekanisnya adalah sama
dengan 1. Cara kerja puli bebas
adalahekivalen dengan tuas AB dengan beban dan kuasa pada sisi yang
sama, beban ditempatkandiantara tumpu dan kuasa.
Diketahuiperbandingan panjang lengannya adalah 2:1. Secara teoritis,
keuntungan mekanisnya sama dengan 2.
Dua (atau lebih) puli dapat dirangkai menjadi sistem puli seperti
terlihat pada Gambar 3.2. Dalam penggunaannya, satu sistem
digunakan sebagai puli tetap, dan yang lain sebagai puli bebas. Karena
Gambar 3.2. Sistem Puli
setiap puli bebas mempunyai keuntungan mekanis sama dengan 2, dua
puli bebas akan mempunyai keuntungan mekanis sama dengan 4, yaitu perbandingan
antara beban L dan kuasa F, L/F adalah sama dengan 4.
Dalam percobaan ini kita akan menyelidiki keuntungan mekanis sistem puli secara
teori dan melalui percobaan, dan juga akan memeriksa keabsahan hukum kekekalan
energi (mekanis): pada waktu mengangkat sebuah beban, kerja yang harus dilakukan
sama dengan pertambahan energi potensial beban, atau WF = ∆UL.
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B. Persiapan
1. Gunakan beban bercelah dan penggantung
beban sebagai beban, misalkan, 0,5 kg, yaitu
rentang ukur maksimum dinamometer.
Alasan menggunakan beban (massa) ini ialah
karena dinamometer memiliki rentang ukur
hanya 5 N. Sistem puli yang kita gunakan
mempunyai berat yang cukup berarti (cukup
signifikan), sehingaa beratnya harus
diperhitungkan.
2. Gunakan dinamometer untuk mengukur
berat salah satu dari dua sistem puli. Catat
Gambar 3.3. Rangkaian percobaan puli tetap tunggal
berat wL tersebut dalam tabel, dan tandai
puli itu sebagai puli yang akan dipakai sebagai puli bebas, karena mungkin kedua puli
mempunyai berat yang berbeda!Bagian pertama percobaan ini, digunakan puli tetap
tunggal.
3. Rangkailah sistem puli tetap (tunggal) seperti terlihat pada di atas. Atur posisi alat
percobaan sedemikian rupa sehingga tersedia ruang yang cukup untuk dinamometer
berpindah beberapa cm ke atas ketika beban diangkat.
4. Untuk rangkaian percobaan puli bebas tunggal dan puli bebas berganda diperlihatkan
Gambar 3.4. Rangkaian percobaan puli bebas tunggal Gambar 3.5. Rangkaian percobaan puli bebas
berganda
pada Gambar 3.4 dan Gambar 3.5.
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C. Rumusan Masalah
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D. Hipotesis
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E. Pengujian Hipotesis
1. Penentuan Variabel
b. Variabel bebas : ...................................................................................................
c. Variabel terikat : ...................................................................................................
d. Variabel kontrol : ...................................................................................................
2. Definisi Operasional
a. ...................................................................................................................................
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F. Alat dan Bahan
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G. Prosedur Kerja
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H. Tabel Pengamatan
Berat Berat
Perpindahan Gaya Perpindahan
Berat puli beban beban
Puli beban kuasa Gaya tarik
WL (N) bercelah total
dL (m) F (N) dE (m)
W (N) L (N)
Tetap
tunggal
Bebas
tunggal
Bebas
berganda
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Tabel perubahan energi potensial dan kerja gaya tarik.
Perubahan energi Kerja gaya tarik Persentase
Puli potensial WF(J) perbedaan ΔULdan
ΔUL (J) WF (%)
Tetap
tunggal
Bebas
tunggal
Bebas
berganda
Catatan: Persentase perbedaan ΔUL dan WFdiperoleh dengan menggunakan persamaan
|∆:; < >? |
× 100%
∆:; @ >? ⁄
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I. Analisis Data
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J. Pembahasan
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HUKUM KEKEKALAN MOMENTUM
A. Pendahuluan
Kita tinjau tumbukan anatara dua bendayang bermassa mA dan mB seperti diperlihatkan
dalam gambar 4.1. Dalam selang tumbukan yang sangat singkat kedua benda saling
memberikan gaya pada yang lainnya. Menurut hukum III Newton, pada setiap saat gaya
FA yaitu gaya yang bekerj pada benda A oleh benda B sama besar dan berlawanan arah
dengan gaya FB yaitu gaya pada benda B oleh benda A.
Gambar 4.1
Perubahan momentum benda A akibat tumbukan ini adalah :
2U
∆QR R S TTT
R ∆S
2V
dengan TTT
R adalah harga rata-rata gaya FA dalm selang waktu tumbukan ∆t = t2 – t1.
∆QW W S TTT
W ∆S
2V
Dengan TTT
W adalah harga rata-rata gaya FB dalm selang waktu tumbukan ∆t = t2 – t1.
Jika tidak ada gaya lain yang bekerja maka ∆pA dan ∆pB menyatakan perubahan
momentum total masing-masing benda. Tetapi telah kita ketahui bahwa pasa setiap
FA = -FB sehingga ∆pA = ∆pB.
Jika kedua benda kita anggap sebagai sebuah system terisolasi, maka momentum total
system adalah ∆p = ∆pA + ∆pB.= 0
Jadi jika tidak ada gaya luar yang bekerja maka tumbukan tidak mengubah momentum
total system. Gaya impulsive yang bekerja selama tumbukan merupakan gaya internal,
karena itu tidak mempengaruhi momentum total system.
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Misalkan dua buah benda (A dan B) dengan massa mA dan mB bergerak dengan
kecepatan Va dan Vb. Kecepatan benda setelah tumbukan V’a dan V’b. Hukum
kekekalan momentum dapat kita tuliskan :
mA . mB + mB . vB = mA . v’A + mB . v’B ......................................................................... (4.1)
jika kita dapat mengukur kecepatan kedua system sebelum dan sesudah tumbukan,
massa benda bisa kita ketahui, maka hokum kekekalan momentum dapat kita buktikan.
Percobaan ini kita lakukan untuk dua kasus yang berbeda :
1. Tumbukan Lenting Sempurna
Misalkan massa kedua benda saa besar mA=mB, dan benda A mula-mula diam vA = 0.
Benda B mendekati dan menumbuk benda A dengan kecepatan vB. Kita dapatkan
v’A=v’B dan v’B = 0. Artinya kedua benda bertukar kecepatan.
Untuk benda dengan massa berbeda dan benda A mula-mula diam persamaan (4.1)
menjadi;
mB . vB = mA . v’A + mB . v’B ................................................................................... (4.2)
2. Tumbukan Tidak Lenting Sama Sekali
Misalkan massa benda A dan B sama besar, benda A mula-mula diam dan benda B
bergerak dengan kecepatan v. Setelah tumbukan kecepatan kedua benda sama
besar. Mala kecepatan kedua benda setelah tumbukan menjadi v’ = ½ v
Jika kedua benda memiliki kecepatan mula-mula tetapi untuk arah yang sama maka
kecepatan benda setelah tumbukan menjadi v’ = ½ (vA + vB)
Jika massa kedua benda tidak sama maka persamaan (1) menjadi;
mB.vB = (mA + mB) ................................................................................................. (4.3)
B. Peralatan
1. Rel udara 1 set 5. Beban 1 set
2. Kereta 2 buah 6. Penghalang cahaya dua jari 3cm 1 buah
3. Pegas tumbuk 2 buah 7. Velcro 1 buah
4. Pewaktu pencacah 1 buah 8. Gerbang cahaya 2 buah
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C. Persiapam Alat
1. Susunlah alat seperti gambar 4.1
2. Nyalakan peniup
3. Periksalah kereta lintasan (cara : lihat buku petunjuk penggunaan alat)
4. Pasangkan penghalang cahaya dan pegas tumbuk pada 2 buah kereta yang bermassa
sama
Gambar 4.1
D. Rumusan Masalah
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F. Pengujian Hipotesis
1. Penentuan Variabel
a. Variabel bebas : ...................................................................................................
b. Variabel terikat : ...................................................................................................
c. Variabel kontrol : ...................................................................................................
2. Definisi Operasional
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G. Prosedur Percobaan
Tumbukan Lenting Sempurna
Gambar 4.2
1. Atur agar pewaktu pada fungsi Collision
2. Letakkan kereta di atas rel
3. Kereta A dalam keadaan diam di antara 2 gerbang cahaya (lihat gambar 4.2)
4. Dorong kereta B sehingga bergerak denagn kecepatan vB yang besarnya dapat diukur
melalui gerbang cahaya G2
5. Tahan kereta sehingga hanya satu kali melewati gerbang cahaya
6. Amati waktu kereta melewati gerbang cahaya kemudian tekan tombol Change Over
untuk merubah menjadi data kecepatan, catat pada tabek 4.1
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7. Ulangi percobaan di atas dengan mengubah massa kereta dengan menambahkan
beban tambahan. Catat hasilnya pada tabel 4.2
8. Lakukan untuk beberapa kali dengan dorongan yang berbeda-beda
Gambar 4.3
1. Pasang Velcro pada kedua kereta dan penghalang cahaya hanya pada salah satu
kereta
2. Letakkan kereta A di antara kedua gerbang cahaya
3. Dorong kereta B sehingga menumbuk kereta A (setelah tumbukan kedua kereta akan
bergerak bersama-sama)
4. Amati selang waktu kereta melewati gerbang cahaya sebelum dan sesudah
tumbukan pada penghitung waktu kemudian catat pada tabel 4.3
5. Ulangi langkah 2-4 dengan menambahkan beban tambahan pada kereta
6. Lakukan untuk beberapa dorongan yang berbeda-beda.
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H. Tabel Pengamatan
Tabel 4.1 Tumbukan elastic dengan mA = mB, dan VA = 0
Sebelum Tumbukan Setelah Tumbukan
No Benda A Benda B Benda A Benda B
VA pA VB PB V’A P’A V’B P’B
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2
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4
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Tabel 4.3 Tumbukan tidak lenting sama sekali dengan mA = mB, dan VA = 0
Sebelum Tumbukan Setelah Tumbukan
No Benda A Benda B Benda A Benda B
VA pA VB PB V’A P’A V’B P’B
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2
3
4
5
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I. Analisis Data
Tumbukan elastic dengan mA = mB, dan VA = 0:
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Tumbukan elastic dengan mA ≠ mB, dan VA = 0
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Tumbukan tidak lenting sama sekali dengan mA = mB, dan VA = 0
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J. Pembahasan
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K. Kesimpulan
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HUKUM II NEWTON
A. Pendahuluan
Hukum II newton menyatakan bahwa bila sebuah benda yang mempunyai massa m
diberi gaya luar sebesar F maka akan terjadi percepatan sebesar a sesuai dengan
hubungan :
∑ F = m.a (5.1)
Pesawat Atwood dapat digunakan untuk memverifikasi Hukum II Newton. Gaya luar
diperoleh dari tambahan massa (beban bercelah) pada M2 sebesar m2 dan beban
tambahan m1 pada M1 dengan syarat massa m2 lebih besar daripada m1, kemudian
waktu tempuh beban silinder M2 saat melewati gerbang cahaya akan diukur dengan
fungsi Timing I. pada percobaan ini massa dan momen inersia katrol diabaikan karena
massa katrol dianggap jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan assa beban silinder.
31
T adalah tegangan tali dengan dan g adalah percepatan gravitasi. Jika persamaan 5.2
dan 5.3 dijumlahkan untuk mengeliminasi tegangan tali T, maka akan diperoleh :
[(M2 + m2) – (M1 + mz)]g = (M1 + m1 + M2 + m2)a
Atau
Y CU @ZU < CV @ZV [\
X Y CV @ZV @CU @ZU [
(5.4)
Untuk memverifikasi hokum II Newton akan dilakukan 2 tahap percobaan. Yang pertama
adalah mengubah selisih massa M1 dan M2 dengan massa total tetap. Perubahan selisih
massa bertujuan untuk menunjukkan hubungan antara percepatan dengan fungsi gaya.
Sedangkan yang kedua adalah mengubah toal massa M1 dan M2 dengan selisih massa
tetap. Perubahan massa total bertujuan untuk menunjukkan hubungan antara
percepatan dengan fingsi massa. Beban bercelah digunakan untuk memvariasikan massa
M1 dan M2.
B. Rumusan Masalah
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
C. Hipotesis
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
32
D. Pengujian Hipotesis
1. Penentuan Variabel
a. Variabel bebas : ...................................................................................................
b. Variabel terikat : ...................................................................................................
c. Variabel kontrol : ...................................................................................................
2. Definisi Operasional
a. ...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
b. ...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
E. Alat dan Bahan
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
F. Persiapan Percobaan
1. Timbang massa M1 dan M2 kemudian catat pada tabel
5.1
2. Atur alat dengan susunan seperti gambar di samping
berikut
3. Pada tiang kanan, atur posisi gerbang cahaya 1 pada
skala 40 cm, gerbang cahaya 2 pada skala 80 cm , dan
penghenti beban tanpa lubang di bagia bawah tiang
(sejajar dengan pemegang beban). Catat jarak antara
gerbang cahaya 1 dan 2 sebagai nilai h
4. Tahan beban M1 (sebelah kiri) pada pemegang beban
33
G. Prosedur Percobaan
M1 dan M2 : Selisih Massa Berubah, Massa Total Tetap
1. Hubungkan gerbang cahaya 1 dan 2 dengan panel bagian belakang pewaktu
pencacah AT-01
2. Nyalakan pencacah waktu dan atur fungsi pada Timing I
3. Tambahkan 5 beban tambahan bercelah pada M2 (masing-masing beban bermassa 5
gram). Catat massa tambahan sebagai m2 pada tabel 5.1
4. Ukur panjang M2 setelah ditambah beban. Catat nilai pada kolom s di tabel 5.1
5. Lepaskan M1 dengan menekan pegas sehingga M1 akan bergerak ke atas, sedangkan
M2 akan bergerak ke bawah dan berhenti saat menyentuh penghenti beban tanpa
lubang
6. Dengan fungsi Timing I akan diperoleh 2 data waktu : E1 dan E2. Tekan CH. OVER
untuk melihat nilai E1 dan E2 secara bergantian. Catat nilai waktu yang ditampilkan
di layar pencacah waktu pada kolom t1 dan t2 di tabel
7. Kembalikan posisi M1 dan M2 seperti semula, yaitu M1 pada pemegang beban,
kemudian tekan tombol FUNCTION untuk mengembalikan nilai waktu ke angka 0
(reset to zero)
8. Pindahkan 1 beban tambahan dari M2 ke M1 sehingga selisih massa antara M1 dan
M2 menjadi 15 gram dengan massa total tetap. Catat beban tambahan m1 pada
kolom m1 di tabel 5.1
9. Ulangi langkah 4 – 7
10. Pindahkan 1 beban tambahan dari M2 ke M1 sehingga selisih massa antara M1 dan
M2 menjadi 5 gram, kemudian lakukan kembali langkah d - h
34
5. Lepaskan M1 dengan menekan pegas sehingga M1 akan bergerak ke atas, sedangkan
M2 akan bergerak ke bawah dan berhenti saat menyentuh penghenti beban tanpa
lubang
6. Dengan fungsi TIMING I akan diperoleh 2 data waktu : E1 dan E2. Tekan CH. OVER
untuk melihat nilai E1 dan E2 secara bergantian. Catat nilai waktu yang ditampilkan
di layar pencacah waktu pada kolom t1 dan t2 di tabel 5.2
7. Kembalikan posisi M1 dan M2 seperti semula, yaitu M1 pada pemegang beban,
kemudian tekan tombol FUNCTION untuk mengembalikan nilai waktu ke angka 0
(reset to zero)
8. Tambahkan 1 beban tambahan pada M1 dan M2 sehingga massa total menjadi 15
gram dan selisih massa tetap 5 gram
9. Ulangi langkah 4 – 7
10. Tambahkan 1 beban tambahan pada M1 dan M2 sehingga massa total menjadi 25
gram kemudian lakukan langkah d – h
H. Tabel Pengamatan
H adalah jarak antara gerbang cahaya 1 dan 2
Lengkapi data di bawah ini :
M1 = …………... kg; M2 = …………… kg; h = …………… kg
Tabel 5.1. M1 dan M2 : Selisih Massa Berubah, Massa Total Tetap
m1 (kg) 0 0,005 0,01
m2 (kg) 0,025 0,02 0,015
[(M2 + m2) – (M1 + m1)] (kg)
M1 + m1 + M2 + m2 (kg)
s (m)
t1 (s)
t2 (s)
v1 (m/s)
v2 (m/s)
a (m/s2)
35
Buatlah grafik percepatan a terhadap selisih massa [(M2 + m2) – (M1 + m1)]
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
36
I. Analisis Data
Data yang diperoleh dari percobaan dengan fungsi TIMING I adalah waktu tempuh saat
M2 melewati gerbang cahaya 1 dan gerbang cahaya 2 sehingga dapat diperoleh nilai v1
dan v2 dengan :
] ]
2V
dan 2U
s adalah panjang beban silinder, t1 adaah waktu saat M2 melewati gerbang cahaya 1,
dan t2 adalah waktu saat M2 melewati gerbang cahaya 2
Dengan data ini, maka terdapat hubungan antara kecepatan, jarak dan percepatan
sehingga dapat digunakan persamaan :
.
+ 2. X. ℎ → X
2. ℎ
Selisih massa merupakan bagian dari fungsi gaya F = [(M2 + m2) – (M1 + m1)]g.
37
J. Kesimpulan
Terbuktikah Hukum II Newton pada percobaan ini ? Jelaskan
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
38
LAPORAN SEMENTARA
Kelas :
Kelompok :
Nama :
1 NIM :
2 NIM :
3 NIM :
4 NIM :
5 NIM :
6 NIM :
7 NIM :
8 NIM :
A. Tujuan
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
B. Alat dan Bahan
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
C. Prosedur Percobaan
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
39
D. Tabel Pengamatan
40
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
Samarinda, ……………………………
Asisten Praktikum, Ketua Kelompok,
………………………………. ………………………………………..
NIM NIM
41
LAPORAN SEMENTARA
Kelas :
Kelompok :
Nama :
1 NIM :
2 NIM :
3 NIM :
4 NIM :
5 NIM :
6 NIM :
7 NIM :
8 NIM :
A. Tujuan
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
B. Alat dan Bahan
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
C. Prosedur Percobaan
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
42
D. Tabel Pengamatan
Tabel dimensi dan momen inersia benda
Massa Dia. Luar Dia. Dalam Tinggi
No. Nama Benda
(kg) (m) (m) (m)
1
2
3
4
5
E. Analisis Data
Hitung momen inersia benda secara teori! Dengan persamaan (2.5) hitunglah momen
inersia untuk masing-masing benda! Hitung kesalahan relatif momen inersia teori dan
hasil eksperimen dengan persamaan
23+4 .
/0! 1 1 × 100%
23+4
Periode diri, : To =…
Momen inersia diri, : Io =…
43
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
Samarinda, ……………………………
Asisten Praktikum, Ketua Kelompok,
………………………………. ………………………………………..
NIM NIM
44
LAPORAN SEMENTARA
Kelas :
Kelompok :
Nama :
1 NIM :
2 NIM :
3 NIM :
4 NIM :
5 NIM :
6 NIM :
7 NIM :
8 NIM :
A. Tujuan
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
B. Alat dan Bahan
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
C. Prosedur Percobaan
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
45
D. Tabel Pengamatan
46
Bebas
tunggal
Bebas
berganda
/. d.e34f+ghhi . /. d.23+4
× 100%
N/. d.e34f+ghhi + /. d.23+4 O/2
.
47
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
Samarinda, ……………………………
Asisten Praktikum, Ketua Kelompok,
………………………………. ………………………………………..
NIM NIM
48
LAPORAN SEMENTARA
Kelas :
Kelompok :
Nama :
1 NIM :
2 NIM :
3 NIM :
4 NIM :
5 NIM :
6 NIM :
7 NIM :
8 NIM :
A. Tujuan
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
B. Alat dan Bahan
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
C. Prosedur Percobaan
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
49
D. Tabel Pengamatan
. Tabel 4.1 Tumbukan elastic dengan mA = mB, dan VA = 0
Sebelum Tumbukan Setelah Tumbukan
No Benda A Benda B Benda A Benda B
VA pA VB PB V’A P’A V’B P’B
1
2
3
4
5
Tabel 4.3 Tumbukan tidak lenting sama sekali dengan mA = mB, dan VA = 0
Sebelum Tumbukan Setelah Tumbukan
No Benda A Benda B Benda A Benda B
VA pA VB PB V’A P’A V’B P’B
1
2
3
4
5
50
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
Samarinda, ……………………………
Asisten Praktikum, Ketua Kelompok,
………………………………. ………………………………………..
NIM NIM
51
LAPORAN SEMENTARA
Kelas :
Kelompok :
Nama :
1 NIM :
2 NIM :
3 NIM :
4 NIM :
5 NIM :
6 NIM :
7 NIM :
8 NIM :
HUKUM II NEWTON
A. Tujuan
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
B. Alat dan Bahan
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
C. Prosedur Percobaan
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
52
D. Tabel Pengamatan
H adalah jarak antara gerbang cahaya 1 dan 2
Lengkapi data di bawah ini :
M1 = …………... kg; M2 = …………… kg; h = …………… kg
Tabel 5.1. M1 dan M2 : Selisih Massa Berubah, Massa Total Tetap
m1 (kg) 0 0,005 0,01
m2 (kg) 0,025 0,02 0,015
[(M2 + m2) – (M1 + m1)] (kg)
M1 + m1 + M2 + m2 (kg)
s (m)
t1 (s)
t2 (s)
v1 (m/s)
v2 (m/s)
a (m/s2)
Buatlah grafik percepatan a terhadap selisih massa [(M2 + m2) – (M1 + m1)]
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
53
Tabel 5.2. M1 dan M2 : Selisih Massa Tetp, Massa Total Berubah
m1 (kg) 0 0,005 0,01
m2 (kg) 0,005 0,01 0,015
[(M2 + m2) – (M1 + m1)] (kg)
M1 + m1 + M2 + m2 (kg)
s (m)
t1 (s)
t2 (s)
v1 (m/s)
v2 (m/s)
a (m/s2)
54
E. Analisis Data
Data yang diperoleh dari percobaan dengan fungsi TIMING I adalah waktu tempuh saat
M2 melewati gerbang cahaya 1 dan gerbang cahaya 2 sehingga dapat diperoleh nilai v1
dan v2 dengan :
] ]
2V
dan 2U
s adalah panjang beban silinder, t1 adaah waktu saat M2 melewati gerbang cahaya 1, dan
t2 adalah waktu saat M2 melewati gerbang cahaya 2
Dengan data ini, maka terdapat hubungan antara kecepatan, jarak dan percepatan
sehingga dapat digunakan persamaan :
.
+ 2. X. ℎ → X
2. ℎ
Selisih massa merupakan bagian dari fungsi gaya F = [(M2 + m2) – (M1 + m1)]g.
55
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
Samarinda, ……………………………
Asisten Praktikum, Ketua Kelompok,
………………………………. ………………………………………..
NIM NIM
56