LINGKUNGAN DALAM KAJIAN AL-QUR’AN : Krisis Lingkungan dan

Penanggulangannya Perspektif Al-Qur’an

Oleh :
Muhammad Qomarullah

Metode Penelitian : Studi Putaka dengan metode Kualitatif Deskriptif

A. Pendahuluan
Masalah lingkungan hidup, mau tidak mau merupakan milik kita bersama, baik lokal maupun
global. Juga yang menjadi keprihatinan kita bersama, bahwa Indonesia adalah negara
tercemar nomor tiga dunia setelah Amerika dan Eropa. Kesejahteraan lingkungan hidup
begitu mudah kita korbankan kepada kebutuhan lain demi kepentingan dan keuntungan
sesaat.

Melihat dari fakta-fakta yang ada, maka terbesit dalam pikiran untuk bagaimana krisis
lingkungan yang terjadi menjadi acuan untuk menilai serta mengoreksi dari aspek Al-Qur’an.
Untuk itu penulis hendak menguraikan mengenai krisis lingkungan yang terjadi pada saat ini
dan solusi Al-Qur’an untuk menangani atau paling tidak meminimalisir kerusakan yang ada
perspektif Al-Qur’an.

B. Pengertian Lingkungan Dan Lingkungan Hidup

Mengenai arti lingkungan itu sendiri, yang istilah lingkungan sebagai ungkapan singkat dari
lingkungan hidup yang juga sering digunakan istilah lain yang semakna seperti dunia, alam
semesta, planet bumi, dan lain lain.
Istilah lingkungan hidup bisa berarti al-barru, yang secara dekat bersinonim dengan al-birru.
Al-Birru diistilahkan nilai kebaikan. Sedangkan al-barru dapat diartikan lingkungan hidup
diistilahkan kebajikan ekologi dengan lingkungan hidup yang baik.

C. Krisis Lingkungan
Diantara krisis lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh tangan-tangan manusia adalah sebagai
berikut :
a. Pemanasan Global
Penipisan lapisan ozon secara radikal berpeluang mengakibatkan terkoyaknya lapisan
ozon. Lapisan ozon merupakan lapisan yang mampu menyerap dan menghalangi radiasi
 matahari yang paling radikal, yaitu sinar ultra violet. Sinat ultra violet merupakan sinar
yang sangat berbahaya dan membahayakan bagi penghuni bumi.
Fenomena terjadinya pemanasan global yang ditandai antara lain dengan terkoyaknya
lapisan ozon. Secara ekologis, penyebab terjadinya pemanasan global antara lain karena
terjadinya konsentrasi atau penumpukan karbon dioksida, metana, nitrat, ozon, dan CFC .
Adapun secara teknis untuk meminimalisir terjadinya pemanasan global adalah dengan
hemat energi, eliminasi emisi CO2, nitrat, metana, dan CFC.
b. Musibah Banjir, dan Kekeringan Akibat Penggundulan Hutan
Secara ekologis, banjir merupakan peristiwa alam berupa peningkatan debet air secara
cepat, sehingga meluap dari palungnya dan menggenangi daerah sekitarnya secara
temporer.
Adapun macam-macam penyebab terjadinya banjir baik di sungai, danau, dan laut yaitu :
curah hujan yang tinggi sehingga air hujan melebihi daya tampung sungai; menurunnya
daya serap tanah yang disebabkan oleh penutupan permukaan tanah; penipisan hutan
lindung; perubahan daerah permukiman atau lingkungan industri (reklamasi).
c. Masalah Krisis Energi
Secara global Sumber Daya Alam (SDA) dapat dikelompokkan menjadi dua macam,
yakni sumber daya alam yang dapat diperbarui dan sumber daya alam yang tidak dapat
diperbarui. Sumber daya alam yang dapat diperbarui adalah sumber daya alam yang tidak
habis terpakai dan memiliki kemampuan untuk memulihkan diri setelah dipakai,
sedangkan sumber daya alam yang tidak dapat diperbarui adalah sumber daya alam yang
habis setelah dipakai dan tidak memiliki kemampuan untuk memulihkan diri setelah
dipakai.
Penggunaan sumber daya alam yang tidak dapat diperbarui secara berlebihan dan tidak
terkendali dapat memicu terjadinya krisis energi.
D. Islam Ramah Lingkungan Perspektif Al-Qur’an
a. Allah Pencipta, dan Pemilik Alam Seisinya
Kata Al-‘ālamīn yang berkonotasi seluruh spesies sebanyak 46 kata. Frase yang
menunjukkan bahwa Allah adalah Tuhan sekalian alam (rabbul ālamīn) terdapat 41 ayat
yang menjadi tolak ukur untuk pemikiran yang ada. Berdasarkan data ini, bahwa kata
rabbul ālamīn seluruhnya digunakan untuk konotasi Tuhan seluruh alam semesta atau
dengan kata lain, Tuhan seluruh spesies baik di langit maupun di bumi.
b. Manusia Sebagai Khalifah Allah di Bumi ۖ
ُ ِ‫ض خَ لِ ْيفَ ۖةًقَالُ ۤوْ ا َأتَجْ َع ُل فِ ْيهَا َم ْن يُ ْف ِس ُد فِ ْيهَا َويَ ْسف‬
َ‫ك ال ِّد ۤ َما َء َونَحْ نُ نُ َسبِّ ُح بِ َح ْم ِدك‬ ِ ْ‫ك لِ ْل َمآلِئ َك ِة ِإنِّ ْي َجا ِع ٌل فِى ااْل َر‬
َ ُّ‫وَِإ ْذ قَا َل َرب‬
‫َأ‬
)۳۰( َ‫ال ِإنِّ ۤى ْعلَ ُم َما الَ تَ ْعلَ ُموْ ن‬
َ َ‫ك ۖ ق‬ َ َ‫َونُقَدِّسُ ل‬

Artinya : Ingatlah saat Tuhanmu mengatakan kepada malaikat bahwa ‘Sesungguhnya

Aku akan menjadikan khalifah di muka bumi. Mereka (Malaikat) berkata : ‘Akankah
Engkau ingin menjadikan perusak lingkungan dan sering bertumpah darah? Padahal
kami selalu memujiMu serta mensucikanMu. Tuhan berkata : Sesungguhnya Aku lebih
tau apa yang tidak kalian ketahui.
 Pokok pikiran ayat ini menyatakan bahwa manusia sebagai khalifah di muka bumi adalah
untuk menjadi mandataris Allah secara fungsional, karena manusialah yang pantas
mengemban amanah ini.

E. Kerusakan Lingkungan oleh Tangan Manusia

Berbagai kerusakan yang terjadi di bumi maupun di luar angkasa adalah akibat dari ulah
tangan manusia, sedang bencana yang ada akibat dari kerusakan yang diperbuat manusia itu
sendiri. Seperti yang telah disebutkan dalam Al-Quran surah Ar-Rum : 41 yang artinya :
“Telah nampak kerusakan di darat dan di laut disebabkan karena perbuatan manusi, supaya
Allah merasakan kepada mereka sebagian dari akibat perbuatan mereka agar mereka
kembali (ke jalan yang benar)”.
F. Pelestarian lingkungan perspektif Al-Qur’an
Dalam surah An-Nahl:5, Allah berfirman yang artinya : “Dan Dia telah menciptakan
binatang ternak untuk kamu; padanya ada bulu yang menghangatkan dan berbagai manfaat,
dan sebagian kamu makan”.

Tidak hanya untuk keperluan makan binatang ternak itu disedikan Allah, tetapi juga menjaga
manusia dari hawa dingin. Betapa sangat majunya teknologi tekstil, harga dan kualitas bahan
wol masih tetap tinggi dan merupakan kebanggaan bagi si pemakai.

Selanjutnya betapa Allah telah menciptakan ekosistem yang sempurna, ditunjukkan-Nya

alam surah An-Nahl : 10-11 yang artinya : “Dialah yang telah menurunkan air hujan dari
langit untuk kamu, sebagiannya menjadi minuman, dan sebagian laginya (menyuburkan)
tumbuh-tumbuhan, yang pada (tempat tumbuhnya) kamu gembalakan ternakmu. Dia
menumbuhkan bagi kamu dengan air hujan itu tanaman; zaitun, kurma, anggur, dan segala
macam buah-buahan. Sesungguhnya, pada yang demikian itu benar-benar ada tanda
(Kekuasaan Allah) bagi kamu yang memikirkan.

Begitu juga dalam surah An-Nahl : 14-15 Allah berfirman yang artinya : “dan Dialah Allah
yang menundukkan lautan (untukmu) agar kamu dapat memakan darinya daging yang segar,
dan kamu mengeluarkan dari laut itu perhiasan yang kamu pakai, dan kamu melihat bahtera
berlayar padanya, dan supaya kamu bersyukur. Dan Dia menancapkan gunung-gunung di
bumi supaya bumi itu tidak goncang bersama kamu, (Dia menciptakan) sungai-sungai dan
jalan-jalan agar kamu mendapat petunjuk.”

G. Kesimpulan
Manusia sebagai khalifah Allah di bumi sebagai penjaga alam raya agar tetap asri dan
nyaman, karena bumi dengan segala ekosistemnya adalah untuk digunakan manusia yang
Allah menjadikan bumi sebagai tempat bagi umat manusia. Oleh karena itu, Al-Qur’an
menekankan kepada manusia untuk selalu menjaga kelestarian alam, agar keberlangsungan
bumi sebagai tempat manusia hidup akan selalu terjaga dan lestari, sehingga bencana alam
tidak akan pernah lagi terjadi di bumi ini.
 THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE STUDY OF THE QUR'AN: The Environmental
Crisis and its Management from the Perspective of the Qur'an
By :
Muhammad Qamarullah

Research Method: Literature Study with Descriptive Qualitative Method

A. Preliminary
Environmental problems, like it or not, belong to us all, both locally and globally. It is also
our common concern that Indonesia is the third most polluted country in the world after
America and Europe. It is so easy for us to sacrifice the welfare of the environment to other
needs for the sake of temporary interests and gains.

Seeing these facts, the idea arises of how the environmental crisis that occurred became a
reference for assessing and correcting aspects of the Qur'an. Therefore, the writer wants to
describe the current environmental crisis and the solution of the Qur'an to deal with or at least
minimize the damage from the perspective of the Qur'an.

B. Definition of Environment and the Environment

Regarding the meaning of the environment itself, the term environment as a short expression
of the environment is also often used by other meaningful terms such as the world, the
universe, planet earth, and others.

The term environment can mean al-barru, which is closely synonymous with al-birru. Al-
Birru termed the value of benefits. While al-barru can be interpreted as the environment in
terms of virtue with a good environment.

C. Environmental Crisis
Among the environmental crises caused by human hands are the following:
a) Global warming
Radical depletion of the ozone layer has the potential to cause the ozone layer to be torn
apart. The ozone layer is a layer that is able to absorb and block the most radical solar
radiation, namely ultraviolet light. Ultra violet rays are rays that are very dangerous and
dangerous for the inhabitants of the earth.
The phenomenon of global warming is marked, among others, by the tearing of the ozone
layer. Ecologically, the causes of global warming include the concentration or buildup of
carbon dioxide, methane, nitrate, ozone, and CFCs. Technically, to minimize global
warming is to save energy, eliminate CO2 emissions, nitrates, methane, and CFCs.
 b) Floods, and Drought Due to Deforestation
Ecologically, flooding is a natural event in the form of a rapid increase in water debit, so
that it overflows from the trough and temporarily inundates the surrounding area.
There are various causes of flooding in rivers, lakes and seas, namely : heavy rainfall so
that the rainwater exceeds the capacity of the river; decreased soil absorption caused by
ground cover; depletion of protected forests; changes in residential areas or industrial
environments (reclamation).
c) Energy Crisis Problem
Globally, Natural Resources (SDA) can be grouped into two types, namely renewable
natural resources and non-renewable natural resources. Renewable natural resources are
natural resources that are not used up and have the ability to recover after being used,
while non-renewable natural resources are natural resources that are used up and do not
have the ability to recover after being used.
Excessive and uncontrolled use of non-renewable natural resources can trigger an energy
crisis.

D. Environmentally Friendly Islam from the Perspective of the Qur'an

a) God the Creator, and Owner of all that is in it
The word Al-'ālamīn which connotes the whole species is 46 words. The phrase that
shows that Allah is Lord of the worlds (rabbul ālamīn) contains 41 verses that serve as a
benchmark for existing thoughts. Based on this data, that the word rabbul ālamīn is
entirely used to connote the Lord of the entire universe or in other words, the Lord of all
species both in the heavens and on earth.
d) Humans as Khalifah of Allah on Earth ۖ
ُ ِ‫ض خَ لِ ْيفَ ۖةًقَالُ ۤوْ ا َأتَجْ َع ُل فِ ْيهَا َم ْن يُ ْف ِس ُد فِ ْيهَا َويَ ْسف‬
َ‫ك ال ِّد ۤ َما َء َونَحْ نُ نُ َسبِّ ُح بِ َح ْم ِدك‬ ِ ْ‫ك لِ ْل َمآلِئ َك ِة ِإنِّ ْي َجا ِع ٌل فِى ااْل َر‬
َ ُّ‫وَِإ ْذ قَا َل َرب‬
)۳۰( َ‫ال ِإنِّ ۤى َأ ْعلَ ُم َما الَ تَ ْعلَ ُموْ ن‬
َ َ‫ك ۖ ق‬ َ َ‫َونُقَدِّسُ ل‬
Meaning: Remember when your Lord said to the angels that 'Indeed I will make a caliph
on earth. They (Angels) said: 'Will you want to destroy the environment and often shed
blood? Yet we always praise You and sanctify You. God said: Verily I know better what
you do not know.

The main idea of this verse states that humans as caliphs on earth are to be functional
mandates of Allah, because humans are the ones who deserve to carry out this mandate.

E. Environmental Damage by Human Hands

Various damages that occur on earth and in outer space are the result of human actions, while
disasters that occur are the result of damage done by humans themselves. As has been
mentioned in the Al-Quran Surah Ar-Rum: 41 which means : "It has been seen that damage
on land and at sea is caused by human actions, so that Allah may feel for them some of the
consequences of their actions so that they return (to the right path)".
F. Environmental preservation from the perspective of the Qur'an
 In Surah An-Nahl : 5, Allah says which means: “And He has created cattle for you; therein is
hair that warms and benefits, and some of you eat."
God provided livestock not only for the purpose of eating, but also to protect humans from the
cold. textile technology is very advanced, the price and quality of wool remains high and is a
matter of pride for the wearer.
Furthermore, how Allah has created a perfect ecosystem, He shows the nature of Surah An-
Nahl : 10-11 which means : "It is He who has sent down rain from the sky for you, some of it
as a drink, and some of it (fertilize) the plants, which (where it grows) you graze your
livestock. He grows for you with the rain a plant; olives, dates, grapes, and all kinds of fruit.
Verily, in that there is a sign (of Allah's power) for you who think.”
Likewise in Surah An-Nahl : 14-15 Allah says which means: "And it is Allah who has
subdued the sea (for you) so that you may eat fresh meat from it, and you take out from the
sea the ornaments you wear, and you see the ark. sail on it, and that you may give thanks.
And He planted the mountains in the earth so that the earth would not shake with you, (He
created) rivers and roads so that you may be guided."
G. Conclusion
Humans as God's caliph on earth as guardians of the universe to keep it beautiful and
comfortable, because the earth with all its ecosystems is for human use, which God made the
earth a place for mankind. Therefore, the Qur'an emphasizes humans to always preserve
nature, so that the sustainability of the earth as a place for humans to live will always be
maintained and sustainable, so that natural disasters will never again occur on this earth.
Analyzing Sentences
Color Description
Subject Predicate

THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE STUDY OF THE QUR'AN: The Environmental

Crisis and its Management from the Perspective of the Qur'an
By :
Muhammad Qamarullah

Research Method: Literature Study with Descriptive Qualitative Method

A. Preliminary
Environmental problems, like it or not, belong to us all, both locally and globally. It is also
our common concern that Indonesia is the third most polluted country in the world after
America and Europe. It is so easy for us to sacrifice the welfare of the environment to other
needs for the sake of temporary interests and gains.

Seeing these facts, the idea arises of how the environmental crisis that occurred became a
reference for assessing and correcting aspects of the Qur'an. Therefore, the writer wants to
describe the current environmental crisis and the solution of the Qur'an to deal with or at least
minimize the damage from the perspective of the Qur'an.

B. Definition of Environment and the Environment

Regarding the meaning of the environment itself, the term environment as a short expression
of the environment is also often used by other meaningful terms such as the world, the
universe, planet earth, and others.

The term environment can mean al-barru, which is closely synonymous with al-birru. Al-
Birru termed the value of benefits. While al-barru can be interpreted as the environment in
terms of virtue with a good environment.

C. Environmental Crisis
Among the environmental crises caused by human hands are the following:
e) Global warming
Radical depletion of the ozone layer has the potential to cause the ozone layer to be torn
apart. The ozone layer is a layer that is able to absorb and block the most radical solar
 radiation, namely ultraviolet light. Ultra violet rays are rays that are very dangerous and
dangerous for the inhabitants of the earth.
The phenomenon of global warming is marked, among others, by the tearing of the ozone
layer. Ecologically, the causes of global warming include the concentration or buildup of
carbon dioxide, methane, nitrate, ozone, and CFCs. Technically, to minimize global
warming is to save energy, eliminate CO2 emissions, nitrates, methane, and CFCs.
f) Floods, and Drought Due to Deforestation
Ecologically, flooding is a natural event in the form of a rapid increase in water debit, so
that it overflows from the trough and temporarily inundates the surrounding area.
There are various causes of flooding in rivers, lakes and seas, namely : heavy rainfall so
that the rainwater exceeds the capacity of the river; decreased soil absorption caused by
ground cover; depletion of protected forests; changes in residential areas or industrial
environments (reclamation).
g) Energy Crisis Problem
Globally, Natural Resources (SDA) can be grouped into two types, namely renewable
natural resources and non-renewable natural resources. Renewable natural resources are
natural resources that are not used up and have the ability to recover after being used,
while non-renewable natural resources are natural resources that are used up and do not
have the ability to recover after being used.
Excessive and uncontrolled use of non-renewable natural resources can trigger an energy
crisis.

D. Environmentally Friendly Islam from the Perspective of the Qur'an

b) God the Creator, and Owner of all that is in it
The word Al-'ālamīn which connotes the whole species is 46 words. The phrase that
shows that Allah is Lord of the worlds (rabbul ālamīn) contains 41 verses that serve as a
benchmark for existing thoughts. Based on this data, that the word rabbul ālamīn is
entirely used to connote the Lord of the entire universe or in other words, the Lord of all
species both in the heavens and on earth.
h) Humans as Khalifah of Allah on Earth ۖ
ُ ِ‫ض خَ لِ ْيفَ ۖةًقَالُ ۤوْ ا َأتَجْ َع ُل فِ ْيهَا َم ْن يُ ْف ِس ُد فِ ْيهَا َويَ ْسف‬
َ‫ك ال ِّد ۤ َما َء َونَحْ نُ نُ َسبِّ ُح بِ َح ْم ِدك‬ ِ ْ‫ك لِ ْل َمآلِئ َك ِة ِإنِّ ْي َجا ِع ٌل فِى ااْل َر‬
َ ُّ‫وَِإ ْذ قَا َل َرب‬
)۳۰( َ‫ال ِإنِّ ۤى َأ ْعلَ ُم َما الَ تَ ْعلَ ُموْ ن‬
َ َ‫ك ۖ ق‬ َ َ‫َونُقَدِّسُ ل‬
Meaning: Remember when your Lord said to the angels that 'Indeed I will make a caliph
on earth. They (Angels) said: 'Do you want to make a destroyer of the environment and
often shed blood? Yet we always praise You and sanctify You. Allah says: Verily I know
better what you do not know.
The main idea of this verse states that humans as caliphs on earth are to be functional
mandates of Allah, because humans are the ones who deserve to carry out this mandate.

E. Environmental Damage by Human Hands

Various damages that occur on earth and in outer space are the result of human actions, while
disasters that occur are the result of damage done by humans themselves. As has been
mentioned in the Al-Quran Surah Ar-Rum: 41 which means : "It has been seen that damage
 on land and at sea is caused by human actions, so that Allah may feel for them some of the
consequences of their actions so that they return (to the right path)".
F. Environmental preservation from the perspective of the Qur'an
In Surah An-Nahl : 5, Allah says which means: “And He has created cattle for you; therein is
hair that warms and benefits, and some of you eat."
God provided livestock not only for the purpose of eating, but also to protect humans from the
cold. textile technology is very advanced, the price and quality of wool remains high and is a
matter of pride for the wearer.
Furthermore, how Allah has created a perfect ecosystem, He shows the nature of Surah An-
Nahl : 10-11 which means : "It is He who has sent down rain from the sky for you, some of it
as a drink, and some of it (fertilize) the plants, which (where it grows) you graze your
livestock. He grows for you with the rain a plant; olives, dates, grapes, and all kinds of fruit.
Verily, in that there is a sign (of Allah's power) for you who think.”
Likewise in Surah An-Nahl : 14-15 Allah says which means: "And it is Allah who has
subdued the sea (for you) so that you may eat fresh meat from it, and you take out from the
sea the ornaments you wear, and you see the ark. sail on it, and that you may give thanks.
And He planted the mountains in the earth so that the earth would not shake with you, (He
created) rivers and roads so that you may be guided."
G. Conclusion
Humans as God's caliph on earth as guardians of the universe to keep it beautiful and
comfortable, because the earth with all its ecosystems is for human use, which God made the
earth a place for mankind. Therefore, the Qur'an emphasizes humans to always preserve
nature, so that the sustainability of the earth as a place for humans to live will always be
maintained and sustainable, so that natural disasters will never again occur on this earth.