Hazard Communication

HAZARD
COMMUNICATION
A guide to safe work practices
HazCom 4-09 cov.indd 1 4/1/09 3:22:06 PM

Causes dizziness and loss of consciousness – Irritates eyes, nose, and throat – Causes scar-
ring of the lungs and shortness of breath – Burns the eyes and skin – May cause liver damage
– Causes headaches and irritation of the eyes – High exposure can cause convulsions – May
cause skin irritations as well as drowsiness – May cause birth defects – Causes nausea, vom-
iting and headaches – Brain damage may occur – Repeated high exposure can cause kidney
damage – May cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and loss of consciousness – May lead to
genetic damage – May be a cancer risk – Can cause bronchitis, shortness of breath and per-
haps emphysema – Can cause severe skin burns – Causes mutations of cells – Major skin
About this document
contact or inhalation causes death.....Causes dizziness and loss of consciousness – Irritates
“Hazard communication: A guide to safe work practices”
eyes, nose, and throat – Causes
is an Oregon scarring of the lungs
OSHA Standards and shortness
and Technical of breath – Burns the eyes
Resources
publication.
and skin – May cause liver damage – Causes headaches and irritation of the eyes – High ex-
Contributors:
posure can cause convulsions – MayMunsell,
Thanks to Peggy cause skin
Sue irritations
Joye, Daveas well as drowsiness – May cause
McLaughlin,
and Tomás Schwabe for advice and technical assistance.
birth defects – Causes nausea, vomiting and headaches – Brain damage may occur – Repeated
Editing and proofing:
high exposure can cause kidney
Mark damage
Peterson, – May
DCBS cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and loss of
Communications
Layout
consciousness – May and
lead to design:
genetic damage – May be a cancer risk – Can cause bronchitis,
Patricia Young, Oregon OSHA
shortness of breath and perhaps emphysema – Can cause severe skin burns – Causes muta-
Piracy notice: Reprinting, excerpting, or plagiarizing any
part of
tions of cells – Major skin this publication
contact is fine
or inhalation with us!
causes Please inform dizziness and loss of
death.....Causes
Oregon OSHA of your intention as a courtesy.
consciousness – Irritates
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category: and throat – Causes scarring of the lungs and shortness of
communication
breath – Burns the eyes and skin – May cause liver damage – Causes headaches and irrita-
tion of the eyes – High exposure can cause convulsions – May cause skin irritations as well
as drowsiness – May cause birth defects – Causes nausea, vomiting and headaches – Brain
damage may occur – Repeated high exposure can cause kidney damage – May cause dizzi-
ness, nausea, diarrhea and loss of consciousness – May lead to genetic damage – May be a
cancer risk – Can cause bronchitis, shortness of breath and perhaps emphysema – Can cause
severe skin burns – Causes mutations of cells – Major skin contact or inhalation cMay cause
dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and loss of consciousness – May lead to genetic damage – May be
a cancer risk –auses death.....Major skin contact or inhalation causes death.....Causes dizzi

Causes dizziness and loss of consciousness – Irritates eyes, nose, and throat – Causes scarring of
the lungs and shortness of breath – Burns the eyes and skin – May cause liver damage – Causes
headaches and irritation of the eyes – High exposure can cause convulsions – May cause skin ir-
ritations as well as drowsiness – May cause birth defects – Causes nausea, vomiting and headaches
– Brain damage may occur – Repeated high exposure can cause kidney damage – May cause dizzi-
ness, nausea, diarrhea and loss of consciousness – May lead to genetic damage – May be a cancer
risk – Can cause bronchitis, shortness of breath and perhaps emphysema – Can cause severe skin
HAZARD
COMMUNICATION
burns – Causes mutations of cells – Major skin contact or inhalation causes death.....Causes dizziness
A guide to safe work practices
and loss of consciousness – Irritates eyes, nose, and throat – Causes scarring of the lungs and short-
ness of breath – Burns the eyes and skin – May cause liver damage – Causes headaches and irritation
of the eyes – High exposure can cause convulsions – May cause skin irritations as well as drowsi-
ness – May cause birth defects – Causes nausea, vomiting and headaches – Brain damage may occur
– Repeated high exposure can cause kidney damage – May cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and loss
of consciousness – May lead to genetic damage – May be a cancer risk – Can cause bronchitis, short
ness of breath and perhaps emphysema – Can cause severe skin burns – Causes mutations of cells
– Major skin contact or inhalation causes death.....Causes dizziness and loss of consciousness – Ir-
ritates eyes, nose, and throat – Causes scarring of the lungs and shortness of breath – Burns the eyes
and skin – May cause liver damage – Causes headaches and irritation of the eyes – High exposure
can cause convulsions – May cause skin irritations as well as drowsiness – May cause birth defects
– Causes nausea, vomiting and headaches – Brain damage may occur – Repeated high exposure can
cause kidney damage – May cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and loss of consciousness – May lead
to genetic damage – May be a cancer risk – Can cause bronchitis, shortness of breath and perhaps
emphysema – Can cause severe skin burns – Causes mutations of cells – Major skin contact or
inhalation ... May cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and loss of consciousness – May lead to genetic
damage – May be a cancer risk –auses

2
Contents
Introduction........................................................................................ 4
• The essence of hazard communication.............................................................................4
• Hazard communication in the workplace.........................................................................4
• The hazard communication process.................................................................................4
• Hazard communication rules............................................................................................4
What is a hazardous chemical?........................................................... 6
• Oregon OSHA’s definition of a hazardous chemical........................................................6
• Chemicals that are physical hazards.................................................................................6
• Chemicals that are health hazards....................................................................................6
• How to determine if a chemical is hazardous...................................................................7
• Commonly used hazardous chemicals.............................................................................7
Preparing a written hazard communication plan...................................... 10
• Do you need to prepare a written plan?..........................................................................10
• Essential parts of a written plan.....................................................................................10
Using material safety data sheets................................................................. 12
• Responsibilities of chemical manufacturers, importers, and distributors......................12
• What to do if you use a hazardous chemical at your workplace....................................12
• What to do when you no longer use a hazardous chemical at your workplace..............12
• Information required on material safety data sheets......................................................12
• Example of a material safety data sheet for acetone......................................................13
Using container warning labels. ................................................................... 16
• Containers that must be labeled......................................................................................16
• An exception for portable containers.............................................................................16
• Content of a warning label.............................................................................................16
• Examples of container labels for acetone.......................................................................17
Identifying pipes containing hazardous substances.................................. 18
• Examples of pipes that contain hazardous substances...................................................18
• Identifying pipes insulated with asbestos-containing material.......................................18
Training employees.......................................................................................... 19
• Required hazard communication training......................................................................19
• Who can train employees?.............................................................................................19
• Example of a hazard communication training form: English and Spanish....................20
• Example of an employee training record: English and Spanish.....................................22
Navigating the rules........................................................................................ 24
• Hazard communication, general industry - 1910.1200..................................................24
• Hazard communication, construction - 1926.59............................................................25
• Hazard communication, agriculture - 437-004-9800.....................................................25
Appendices. ...................................................................................................... 27
• Example of a written hazard communication plan: English and Spanish......................28
• A hazard communication glossary.................................................................................32
Oregon OSHA Services. ................................................................................. 50
3
Introduction
The essence of hazard communication

The essence of hazard communication is a warning. We use thousands
of chemical products throughout our lives, at home and at work. But
most of us would be hard-pressed to distinguish safe products from
hazardous ones without a warning – the familiar skull and crossbones,
for example. The warning tells us the product is hazardous, that it can
harm us if we use it improperly.
Hazard communication in the workplace
In the workplace, hazard communication ensures that
workers who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals
know about the chemicals’ hazards and understand how
to protect themselves from exposure.
The hazard communication process
Hazard communication begins when chemical manufac-
turers and importers evaluate their products to deter-
mine each product’s chemical hazards.
Next, they prepare a material safety data sheet –
Hazard communication warns known by the abbreviation MSDS – for each product.
us that a chemical product is An MSDS includes detailed information about the
hazardous and tells us how product’s hazards. Manufacturers and importers must
the product can harm us if we include an MSDS and a warning label with each con-
use it improperly. tainer of product that they ship to a customer.
The part of the process that affects your workplace
is the written hazard communication plan. The plan,
which you produce, must identify hazardous chemicals
at your workplace and describe how you will use mate-
rial safety data sheets, warning labels, and training to protect employ-
ees and keep them informed about the product’s chemical hazards.
Hazard communication rules

Oregon OSHA’s hazard communication rules affect all Oregon
workplaces that have employees who may be exposed to hazardous
chemicals. The purpose of these rules is to ensure that workers who
use hazardous chemicals know why the chemicals can harm them and
how to handle the chemicals safely. (For more information, see Pages
24-25.)
4
Steps in the hazard communication process
1 Chemical manufacturers or
importers determine if the
chemicals they produce are
hazardous.
MSDS
2 The manufacturers or importers

document the chemical’s hazards
on material safety data sheets
(MSDSs).
Warning
label 3 Each hazardous chemical
that is sold to a customer
must include an MSDS and
a warning label that identifies the
chemical and warns of
its hazards.
4 Your workplace purchases

hazardous chemical products
from a manufacturer,
distributor, or importer.
Your workplace 5 You prepare a written hazard

communication plan that identifies
the hazardous chemicals your
employees may be exposed to and
describes how you will use MSDSs,
container warning labels, and
training to keep them informed.
5
What is a hazardous chemical?
Oregon OSHA’s definition of a hazardous chemical

Oregon OSHA’s hazard communication rule, 1910.1200, defines a
hazardous chemical as “any element, chemical compound, or mixture
that is a physical hazard or a health hazard.”
Chemicals that are physical hazards
Chemicals that are physical hazards are unstable and, when handled
improperly, can cause fires or explosions. A chemical that is a physical
hazard has one of the following characteristics:
• It’s a combustible liquid.
• It’s a compressed gas.
• It’s explosive.
• It’s flammable.
• It’s water-reactive.
• It starts or promotes combustion in other materials.
• It can ignite spontaneously in air.
Chemicals that are health hazards
Chemicals that are health hazards can damage an exposed person’s tis-
sue, vital organs, or internal systems. Generally, the higher the chemi-
cal’s toxicity the lower the amount or dose necessary for it to have
harmful effects. The effects vary from person to person, ranging from
temporary discomfort to permanent damage, depending on the dose, the
toxicity, and the duration of exposure to the chemical.
Health effects range from short-duration symptoms that often appear
immediately (acute effects) to persistent symptoms that usually appear
after longer exposures (chronic effects). Health effects can be classified
by how they affect tissue, vital organs, or internal systems:
• Carcinogens cause cancer.
• Corrosives damage living tissue.
• Hematopoietic agents affect the blood system.
• Hepatotoxins cause liver damage.
• Irritants cause inflammation of living tissue.
• Nephrotoxins damage cells or tissues of the kidneys.
• Neurotoxins damage tissues of the nervous system.
• Reproductive toxins damage reproductive systems, endocrine
systems, or a developing fetus.
• Sensitizers cause allergic reactions.
6
How to determine if a chemical is hazardous
A chemical is hazardous if it is listed in one of the following
documents:
• Oregon OSHA Division 2, Subdivision Z safety and health rules,
Toxic and Hazardous Substances; Division 3, Subdivision Z, Toxic
and Hazardous Substances (Construction); Division 4, Subdivision
Z, Chemical/Toxins (Agriculture)
• Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical
Agents in the Work Environment (latest edition). Published by the
American Conference of Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
• The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, published by
the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
Commonly used hazardous chemicals
Listed in the table on Pages 8-9 are chemicals that are among those
most commonly used in U.S. workplaces.
The key to handling a hazardous

chemical safely is to know its properties:
• Is it explosive or toxic?
• What kinds of clothing or
equipment can protect
employees from it?
• What should employees do
if it’s on fire?
7
Commonly used hazardous chemicals
Hazardous chemical Harmful effects
1,1,1-Trichloroethane May cause mutations in cells; can irritate the skin
and eyes and cause unconsciousness and death.
High exposures may damage the liver and
kidneys.
Acetone Can irritate the skin, eyes, nose, and throat.
High concentrations can cause dizziness and
loss of consciousness.
Aluminum oxide Can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat.
Repeated high exposure can cause scarring
of the lungs and shortness of breath.
Ammonia Can irritate the lungs and burn the eyes and
skin. Long-term exposure can cause irritation
of the eyes, nose, mouth, and throat.
Benzene A cancer-causing agent that has been
shown to cause leukemia. May also cause
headaches and irritation of the eyes, nose,
and throat. High exposure can cause
convulsions and death.
Ethylbenzene Can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat.
Repeated contact can cause drying and
scaling of skin and may cause liver damage.
High concentrations may cause dizziness and
loss of consciousness.
Ethylene glycol Can irritate the eyes, nose, or throat and
cause nausea, vomiting, and headaches.
Repeated or high exposure levels can cause
kidney damage or stones and brain damage.
May cause birth defects.
Freon 113 May cause skin irritation and rashes as well as
drowsiness.
Glycol ethers Can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat and
may cause birth defects. Repeated or high
exposure can cause kidney damage or
stones. Brain damage also may occur.
Hydrochloric acid Can irritate the lungs. High exposure can
cause buildup of fluid in the lungs, which can
cause death.
Lead Can cause weakness and insomnia. Higher
exposure can result in damage to the
nervous and reproductive systems.
8
Commonly used hazardous chemicals, continued
Hazardous chemical Harmful effects
Methanol Irritates the eyes, nose, mouth, and throat
and can cause liver damage.
Methyl ethyl ketone Can cause dizziness, headaches, blurred
vision, and loss of consciousness. May cause
birth defects.
Methyl isobutyl ketone Irritates the skin, eyes, nose, and throat, and
may cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, and
loss of consciousness. Long-term exposure
may damage the liver and kidneys.
Phenol Can irritate the mouth, nose, throat, and
eyes. Long-term exposure may damage the
liver and kidneys and lead to genetic
damage. May be a cancer risk. Major skin
contact or inhaling it can cause death.
Sodium hydroxide Breathing the dust or droplets can irritate and
burn the lungs. Contact can cause severe
skin burns.
Sulfuric acid Can severely burn the skin and eyes.
Repeated long-term exposure can cause
bronchitis, shortness of breath, and
emphysema.
Tetrachloroethylene A suspected human carcinogen that has
caused liver cancer in animals. It may
damage the liver and kidneys after low but
repeated exposure. It can cause dizziness
and loss of consciousness.
Xylene Can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat; high
levels can cause loss of consciousness and
death. It may damage fetuses. Repeated
exposure may damage bone marrow and
eyes and cause stomach problems.
Want to learn more?

For comprehensive summaries about most hazardous substances, see
the Agency for Toxic and Substances and Disease Registry’s ToxFAQs
fact sheets: www.atsdr.cdc.gov.
9
Preparing a written
hazard communication plan
A hazard communication plan identifies the hazardous chemicals at
your workplace and describes how you will use material safety data
sheets, container warning labels, and training to inform employees.
Do you need to prepare a written plan?
You must prepare a written hazard communication plan if employees
at your workplace use or may be exposed to hazardous chemicals.
Essential parts of a written plan
The plan must be specific to your workplace and include the following
parts:
Essential parts of a written plan

The part What to do
Hazardous • List the hazardous chemicals to which employees may be exposed
chemical list in your workplace. The list must include hazardous chemicals in all
forms – liquids, solids, gases, vapors, fumes, and mists. If the chemical
is hazardous and an employee could be exposed to it, include it on
the list.
• Match each chemical on the list with its material safety
data sheet.
• Update the list to keep it current.
Labels and other Describe how you will ensure that each hazardous chemical container
forms of has a label that identifies the chemical and has an appropriate hazard
warning warning.
Material safety Describe where you will keep material safety data sheets and whom to
data sheets contact if one is missing or incomplete.
Employee Describe how you will train employees about chemical hazards to
training which they may be exposed; include how employees can protect
themselves, how to read warning labels and material safety data
sheets, and where employees can review material safety data sheets.
Hazardous Describe how you will inform employees about hazardous chemicals to
nonroutine tasks which they may be exposed during nonroutine tasks; identify the tasks
and the information that you will provide.
Hazardous Describe how you will inform employees about hazardous
chemicals chemicals in pipes that run through their work areas.
in pipes
Information for Describe how you will inform contractors’ employees about hazardous
contractors chemicals to which they may be exposed at your workplace and what
they can do to protect themselves.
10
Example of a written hazard communication plan
Appendix 1 includes examples, in English and Spanish, of a
written hazard communication plan. (See Pages 28-31.)
11
Using material safety data sheets
A material safety data sheet contains detailed information about a
hazardous chemical product’s health effects and physical and chemi-
cal characteristics and safe practices for using it.
Responsibilities of chemical manufacturers, importers,
and distributors
Chemical manufacturers and importers must prepare a material safety
data sheet for each hazardous chemical product they produce. Distrib-
utors are responsible for ensuring that you have a material safety data
sheet for each hazardous chemical product they sell to you.
What to do if you use hazardous chemical products at
your workplace
You must have a current material safety data sheet for each product.
Employees must be able to review material safety data sheets in their
work area at any time. You can keep material safety data sheets in
a notebook or on a computer; however, employees must be able to
obtain the information immediately in an emergency.
One person should be responsible for managing all the material safety
data sheets at your workplace. The person should ensure that the list
of hazardous chemicals is current, that the identity of each chemical
on the list matches its identity on its material safety data sheet, and
that incoming hazardous-chemical containers have material safety
data sheets.
What to do when you no longer use a hazardous
chemical at your workplace
When you no longer use a hazardous chemical, you don’t need to keep
its material safety data sheet. However, you do need to keep a record
for at least 30 years of the chemical’s identity, locations, and the years
in which it was used in your workplace. For more information about
record-keeping requirements, see 1910.1020(d)(ii)(B), “Access to
employee exposure and medical records.”
Information required on material safety data sheets
Chemical manufacturers and importers must prepare a material safety
data sheet for each hazardous chemical product they ship to you. The
following information must appear on each sheet.
12
Required information Description
Identity of the chemical Typically, a common chemical name. (The identify of the
chemical on a material safety data sheet must match its identity
on the container label.)
Physical and chemical For example: vapor pressure, flashpoint, and solubility.
characteristics
Physical hazards For example: potential for fire, explosion, or reaction with
water or other chemicals.
Health hazards For example: signs and symptoms of exposure, and medical
conditions that might be aggravated by exposure.
Primary routes of How the chemical enters the body.
chemical entry
Permissible The maximum amount of the chemical that one can be
exposure limit (PEL) exposed to during an eight-hour work shift.
Carcinogenicity Based on findings in the National Toxicology Program Annual
Report on Carcinogens or the International Agency for
Research on Cancer Monographs (latest editions).
Precautions for safe use How to handle the chemical safely, hygiene and protective
practices, and cleanup procedures for spills and leaks.
Control measures The engineering controls, safe work practices, and personal
protective equipment necessary to control exposure.
Emergency and How to respond to spills, leaks, contamination, and
first-aid procedures overexposure.
Preparation date The date the material safety data sheet was prepared
or updated.
Name, address, Whom to contact for more information on the chemical’s
and phone number hazards and emergency-response procedures.
Example of a material safety data sheet for acetone

Acetone is a colorless liquid with a distinct smell and taste. It evapo-
rates easily, is flammable, and dissolves in water. The example on the
following pages highlights the minimum information you should see
on a material safety data sheet for acetone. A real material safety data
sheet will have more information.
13
An MSDS example: acetone
Chemical product and company identification
Item name: ACETONE, ACS Hazard characteristic code: F2
Company name and address: xxxx Unit of issue container qty: 16 OZ
Company’s emergency phone number: xxxx Type of container: BOTTLE
Company’s information phone number: xxxx Net unit weight: 0.8 LBS
MSDS preparation date: 1/1/03 CAS #: 67-64-1
Identity of the chemical

Ingredient: ACETONE (SARA III) OSHA PEL: 1000 PPM
Physical and chemical characteristics

Appearance and odor: COLORLESS LIQUID, Decomposition temperature:
MINT-LIKE ODOR UNKNOWN
Boiling point: 133F, 56C Evaporation rate: 14.48
Melting point: -138F, -94C Solubility in water: MISCIBLE
Vapor pressure (mm hg/70 F): 180 mmhg Corrosion rate (IPY): UNKNOWN
Vapor density (Air = 1): 2.0 Auto-ignition temperature: 869F
Specific gravity: 0.7972
Physical hazard data

Flash point: 0F, -18C Unusual fire and explosive hazards:
Flash point method: CC VAPORS MAY TRAVEL TO
SOURCE OF IGNITION
Lower explosive limit: 2.6
AND FLASH BACK.
Upper explosive limit: 12.8 CONTAINER MAY EXPLODE
Extinguishing media: DRY CHEMICAL, IN HEAT OR FIRE. STAY
CARBON DIOXIDE, WATER SPRAY, UPWIND, OUT OF LOW
ALCOHOL, FOAM AREAS.
Special firefighting protective clothing: Reactivity

WEAR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING Stability: YES
APPARATUS AND FULL PROTECTIVE Conditions to avoid: HEAT, SPARK,
CLOTHING. COOL FLAME-EXPOSED FLAME
CONTAINERS WITH WATER
UNTIL WELL AFTER FIRE IS OUT. Materials to avoid: OXIDIZERS, ACID,
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE,
CHROMIC ANHYDRIDE,
CHOLOROFORM, ACTIVATED
CARBON, NITRIC PLUS ACETIC
ACID, OLEUM
14
Health hazard data
Route of entry – Inhalation: YES Signs/symptoms of overexposure:
Route of entry – Skin: YES IRRITATION OF EYES, NOSE
AND THROAT; HEADACHE,
Route of entry – Ingestion: YES DIZZINESS, AND DERMATITIS
Health hazards acute and chronic: Medical conditions aggravated by exposure:
NARCOTIC AT HIGH CONCENTRATION. SKIN AND RESPIRATORY
INDUSTRY REPORTS NO INJURIOUS CONDITIONS
EFFECTS OTHER THAN SKIN DEFATTING
AND HEADACHE AT PROLONGED Emergency/first aid procedures:
INHALATION. EYES, SKIN – IMMEDIATE
WATER FLUSH. INHALATION
Carcinogenicity – NTP: NO – REMOVE TO FRESH AIR.
Carcinogenicity – IARC: NO INGESTION – CALL
PHYSICIAN! IF CONSCIOUS,
Carcinogenicity – OSHA: NO
INDUCE VOMITING.
Explanation carcinogenicity: THIS
CHEMICAL IS NOT LISTED BY IARC, NTP,
OR OSHA AS A SUSPECTED OR
CONFIRMED CARCINOGEN.
Precautions for safe handling and use

Steps if released or spilled: ELIMINATE IGNITION Precautions-handling/storing: DO
SOURCES. WEAR PROPER PROTECTIVE NOT GET LIQUID OR VAPOR
EQUIPMENT. USE WATER SPRAY TO IN EYES, ON SKIN, ON
REDUCE VAPORS. TAKE UP WITH NON- CLOTHING. AVOID BREATHING
COMBUSTIBLE ABSORBENT MATERIAL VAPOR. KEEP AWAY FROM
AND CONTAINERIZE FOR LATER HEAT, SPARKS, FLAME.
DISPOSAL. Other precautions: OBSERVE ALL
Waste disposal method: TO BE PERFORMED IN LABEL PRECAUTIONS WHEN
COMPLIANCE WITH ALL CURRENT LOCAL, HANDLING “EMPTY”
STATE, AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS. CONTAINERS AND POSSIBLE
RESIDUE THEREIN.
Control measures
Respiratory protection: ORGANIC CANNISTER Eye protection: FULL FACE SHIELD,
MASK OR SUPPLIED AIR, @1000 PPM SPLASH GOGGLES
Ventilation: USE ADEQUATE EXPLOSION- Other protective equipment:
PROOF VENTILATION TO CONTROL CHEMICAL RESISTANT
AIRBORNE CONCENTRATIONS BELOW CLOTHING, EYE WASH STATION,
THE EXPOSURE LIMITS. AND SAFETY SHOWER
Protective gloves: BUTYL RUBBER GLOVES ARE Work hygienic practices: WORK
RECOMMENDED. SAFELY. RESPECT THE
MATERIAL. WASH AFTER
HANDLING.
15
Using container warning labels
The purpose of a container warning label is to warn employees about
the container’s contents and to refer employees to an appropriate
material safety data sheet for more information about the chemical’s
physical and health hazards. Manufacturers, importers, and distribu-
tors must ensure that each hazardous chemical product sold to you has
a label that includes the chemical’s identity, a hazard warning, and a
name and address for additional information about the product.
If you use hazardous chemicals at your workplace, you must ensure
that each hazardous chemical container has a legible label, in English,
that identifies the chemical and warns of its hazards.
Containers that must be labeled
Original containers of hazardous chemicals from a manufacturer,
importer, or distributor must have warning labels. Don’t remove or
deface them.
If you transfer a hazardous chemical from a labeled container to an
unlabeled container, label the container.
An exception for portable containers
You don’t need to put a warning label on a portable container if you
use it to transfer a hazardous chemical from a labeled container. How-
ever, the chemical in the container must be for immediate use.
This means “the hazardous chemical will be under the control of and
used only by the person who transfers it from a labeled container and
only within the work shift in which it is transferred.” See 1910.1200
(c), Definitions.
Content of a warning label
A warning label must identify the chemical – a common chemical
name or a code name is acceptable – and display a hazard warning
such as DANGER or the familiar skull and crossbones.
• The identify of the chemical on the label, on its material safety data
sheet, and on your hazardous chemical list must match.
• If you’re not sure that a hazardous chemical container is properly
labeled, contact the manufacturer or supplier.
• Make someone at your workplace responsible for ensuring that all
hazardous chemical containers are properly labeled.
16
Examples of container labels for acetone
If you use hazardous chemicals at your workplace, you must ensure
that each hazardous chemical container has a legible label, in English,
that identifies the chemical and warns of its hazards. This illustration
shows acetone warning labels on an original container, an unlabeled
(secondary) container, and a portable container.
Original container
Identity of the Secondary container
chemical
Label the con-

Hazard warning tainer with the
identity of the
chemical
Hazard warning
d
r a n s ferre If you
T transfer a
for hazardous
se
m e d iate u chemical from
im a labeled
only
Tr
container to an
unlabeled con-
an fo ate
im
tainer, you must

sf r
m on
label the container

ed l
er
with the identity of

i
re
the chemical
d
Portable container and include an

y
us
appropriate hazard
e
warning.
ACETONE
Portable containers are intended for immediate use of a
hazardous chemical by the person who makes the transfer.
Suggestion: Mark the container with the identity of the
chemical; a warning label is not necessary.
17
Identifying pipes containing hazardous
substances
If your workplace has pipes that contain hazardous substances or that
are insulated with asbestos-containing material, you must either place
warning labels on the pipes to identify their hazards or use other meth-
ods, such as process sheets or written operating procedures, to warn
employees. The rules covering these requirements are in Division 2,
Subdivision Z, 437-002-0378, Oregon rules for pipe labeling.
Examples of pipes that contain hazardous substances
• Pipes that contain physical hazards such as combustible liquids or
compressed gas
• Pipes that contain health hazards such as toxic, carcinogenic, or
corrosive chemicals
The labeling method you use must clearly identify the location of
the pipes and the substances in the pipes. This information must be
conveyed by the labels or made readily available to employees in their
work areas.
• If you use warning labels, apply them at the beginning and at the end
of continuous pipe runs.
• If a pipe is above or below the normal line of vision, apply the
label above or below the horizontal centerline of the pipe so that
employees can see it.
Identifying pipes insulated with asbestos-containing

material
You can use warning labels on the pipes or you can use other methods,
such as process sheets or written operating procedures, to identify
asbestos-containing pipes. The warning you use must specify the loca-
tion of the pipes and these words:

Danger! Contains asbestos fiber. Avoid creating dust.
Cancer and lung disease hazard.
• If you use warning labels, apply them at least every 75 feet on con-
tinuous pipe runs.
• If a pipe is above or below the normal line of vision, apply the label
above or below the horizontal centerline of the pipe so that employ-
ees can see it.
18
Training employees
Required hazard communication training

If you have employees who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals,
you must inform them about the chemicals and train them when they
are hired and whenever they are exposed to a new chemical hazard or
a process change. Required employee training:
• Where to find and how to read the hazard communication plan, the
list of hazardous chemicals, and material safety data sheets.
• The operations in which hazardous chemicals are used.
• The physical and health hazards of hazardous chemicals used by em-
ployees.
• The meaning of warning labels on hazardous chemical containers
and on pipes that contain hazardous substances.
• How to recognize emergencies involving hazardous chemicals.
• How to use personal protective equipment.
Who can train employees?
Choose a person who understands the above topics and has the skills
to conduct the training. It’s important that employees are taught which
hazardous chemicals they may be exposed to and understand how to
use the information on container warning labels and material safety
data sheets to protect themselves.
Forms such as those on the following pages help you document that
employees have received hazard communication training.
19
Example of a hazard communication training form
Use a form such as this one to document that an employee has been
trained about hazardous chemicals used in the workplace as required
by Oregon OSHA hazard communication rules.
I have been informed about the hazardous chemicals that I may

be exposed to during my work and I have received training
on the following topics:
• An overview of the requirements in Oregon OSHA’s hazard communication rules.

• Hazardous chemicals present in the workplace.
• The written hazard communication plan.
• Physical and health effects of the hazardous chemicals.
• Methods to determine the presence or release of hazardous chemicals in the work
area.
• How to reduce or prevent exposure to these hazardous chemicals through use of
exposure controls/work practices and personal protective equipment.
• Steps we have taken to reduce or prevent exposure to these chemicals.
• Emergency procedures to follow if exposed to these chemicals.
• How to read labels and review material safety data sheets.
Note to employee: This form becomes part of your personnel file; read and
understand it before signing.
Employee:_____________________________________________Date:_________
Trainer:_______________________________________________Date:_________
20
Ejemplo de un formulario de capacitación en
comunicación de riesgo
Utilice un formulario como este para documentar que un trabajador a

recibido entrenamiento acerca de los químicos peligrosos utilizados en
el lugar de trabajo como es requerido por las normas de comunicación
de riesgo de Oregon OSHA.
Se me ha informado acerca de los químicos peligrosos a

los cuales podría estar expuesto durante mi trabajo y he recibido
entrenamiento sobre los siguientes temas.
• Una descripción general de los requisitos de la normas de comunicación de

riesgo de Oregon OSHA.
• Químicos peligrosos que se hallan en el lugar de trabajo.
• El programa escrito de comunicación de riesgo.
• Los efectos físicos y a la salud causados por químicos peligrosos.
• Los métodos utilizados para determinar la presencia o descarga de químicos
peligrosos en el lugar de trabajo.
• Como reducir o impedir exposición a estos químicos peligrosos mediante el uso
de prácticas de control de exposición en el trabajo y equipo protector personal.
• Pasos que hemos tomado para reducir la exposición a estos químicos.
• Los procedimientos de emergencia a seguir si un trabajador se expone a estos
químicos.
• Como leer etiquetas y revisar hojas de datos de seguridad de los materiales.
Trabajador: _________________________________________ Fecha:_________
Entrenador: _________________________________________Fecha:_________
21
Example of an employee training record
Use a form such as this one to record the workplace safety and health
training each employee receives.
Employee name__________________________________________________

Job description ___________________________________________________
Training date Subject of training Description of training Trainer’s name
22
Ejemplo de un expediente de entrenamiento de un trabajador
Utilice un formulario como este para registrar el entrenamiento relacionado
a la seguridad y salud en el trabajo que recibe cada trabajador.
Nombre del trabajador _______________________________________________
Descripción del trabajo ________________________________________________
Fecha del Tema del Descripción del Nombre del

entrenamiento entrenamiento entrenamiento entrenador
23
Navigating the rules
Oregon OSHA’s hazard communication rules affect all Oregon work-
places that have employees who may be exposed to hazardous chemi-
cals. Following are rules that affect general industry, construction, and
agricultural workplaces.
Hazard communication, general industry – 1910.1200
• Requires chemical manufacturers or importers to assess the hazards
of the chemical products they produce or import and to prepare con-
tainer warning labels and material safety data sheets for hazardous
chemical products they ship to customers.
• Requires distributors to ensure that each container of a hazardous
chemical product is properly labeled before it is shipped to a cus-
tomer and to ensure that a material safety data sheet for each product
is included in the customer’s initial shipment.
• Requires employers to inform their employees about the hazardous
chemicals to which they may be exposed through a written hazard
communication plan, container warning labels, material safety data
sheets, and training.
Other rules that refer to 1910.1200

The following Oregon OSHA rules also require general industry
employers to comply with the hazard communication requirements of
1910.1200.

1910.1051 1,3-Butadiene
1910.1001 Asbestos
1910.1028 Benzene
1910.1027 Cadmium
1910.1048 Formaldehyde
1910.1450 Hazardous chemicals in laboratories
1910.120 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response
1910.1052 Methylene chloride
1910.1050 Methylenedianiline
1910.119 Process safety management of highly hazardous
chemicals
24
Hazard communication, construction – 1926.59
• Requires chemical manufacturers or importers to assess the hazards
of the chemical products they produce or import and to prepare con-
tainer warning labels and material safety data sheets for hazardous
chemical products they ship to customers.
• Requires distributors to ensure that each container of a hazardous
chemical product is properly labeled before it is shipped to a cus-
tomer and to ensure that a material safety data sheet for each product
is included in the customer’s initial shipment.
• Requires employers to inform their employees about the hazardous
Other rules that refer to 1926.59

The following Oregon OSHA rules also require construction employers
to comply with the hazard communication requirements of 1926.59.
1926.1101 Asbestos
1926.1127 Cadmium
1926.65 Hazardous waste operations
1926.62 Lead
Hazard communication, agriculture – 437-004-9800

Requires employers to inform their employees about the hazardous
25
Notes
26
Appendices
Appendix 1
• Example of a written hazard communication plan...........................28
• Ejemplo de un programa escrito de comunicación de riesgo............30
Appendix 2
A hazard communication glossary.....................................................32
27
Appendix 1:
Example of a written hazard communication plan
Your written plan should contain the elements in this example.
General The management of [this workplace] is committed to preventing
accidents and ensuring the safety and health of our employees.
We will comply with all applicable federal and state health and
safety rules and provide a safe, healthful environment for all our
employees.
This written hazard communication plan is available at the following
location for review by all employees: [location name].
Container labeling All hazardous chemical containers used at this workplace will
clearly identify the chemical on the label, and include an
appropriate hazard warning and the manufacturer’s name
and address.
No container will be released for use until this information is
verified. [Name of person] will ensure that all containers are
labeled with a copy of the original manufacturer’s label or a
label that has the appropriate identification and hazard warning.
Material safety Material safety data sheets are readily available to all employees.
data sheets Employees can review material safety data sheets for all
hazardous chemicals used at this workplace. [Identify the file
location if they are stored in a paper file. Describe how to
access them if they are stored electronically.]
The material safety data sheets are updated and managed by
[name of person responsible for managing the material safety
data sheets]. If a material safety data sheet is not available for a
hazardous chemical, immediately notify [name of person
responsible for managing the material safety data sheets].

Training Before they start their jobs, new employees will attend a hazard
communication class that covers the following topics:
• An overview of the requirements in Oregon OSHA’s
hazard communication rules.
• Hazardous chemicals present in their workplace.
• The written hazard communication plan and where it may
be reviewed.
• Physical and health effects of the hazardous chemicals.
• Methods used to determine the presence or release of
hazardous chemicals in the work area.
• How to reduce or prevent exposure to these hazardous
chemicals through use of control/work practices and personal
protective equipment.
• Steps we have taken to reduce or prevent exposure to these
chemicals.
28
Example of a written hazard communication plan, continued
• Emergency procedures to follow if an employee is exposed to
these chemicals.
• How to read labels and review material safety data sheets.
After attending the training, employees will sign a form
verifying that they understand the above topics and how the
topics are related to our hazard communication plan.
Hazardous The following list identifies all hazardous chemicals used at this
chemical list workplace. [Include the list of hazardous chemicals.] Detailed
information about the physical and health effects of each
chemical is included in a material safety data sheet; the
identity of each chemical on the list matches the identity of the
chemical on its material safety data sheet. Material safety data
sheets are readily available to employees in their work areas.
Hazardous Before employees perform nonroutine tasks that may expose

nonroutine tasks them to hazardous chemicals, they will be informed by their
supervisors about the chemicals’ hazards. Their supervisors also will
inform them about the safe work practices necessary to control
exposure and what to do in an emergency.
Examples of nonroutine tasks that may expose employees to
hazardous chemicals include the following: [include examples of
nonroutine tasks.]
Chemicals in pipes Before working in areas where hazardous chemicals are

transferred through pipes or where pipes are insulated with
asbestos-containing material, employees will contact [name of
person] for the following information:
• The chemicals in the pipes.
• The physical or health effects of the chemicals or the
asbestos insulation.
• The safe work practices to prevent exposure.
Informing contractors It is the responsibility of [name of person] to provide contractors

and their employees with the following information if they may
be exposed to hazardous chemicals in our workplace:
• The identity of the chemicals, how to review material safety
data sheets, and an explanation of the container and pipe-
labeling system.
• Safe work practices to prevent exposure.
This person will also obtain a material safety data sheet for any
hazardous chemical a contractor brings into the workplace.
29
Ejemplo de un programa escrito de comunicación de riesgo
Su plan escrito debería contener los elementos en este ejemplo.
General La gerencia de [Nombre del lugar de trabajo] se compromete a
la prevención de accidentes y a asegurar la salud y seguridad
de nuestros trabajadores. Cumpliremos con todas las normas
federales y estatales de salud y seguridad correspondientes
y proporcionaremos un ambiente de trabajo seguro y saludable
para todos nuestros trabajadores.
Este programa escrito de comunicación de riesgo estará a
disposición de todos los trabajadores para su revisión en el
siguiente lugar: [nombre del lugar].
Etiquetado Todos los recipientes de químicos peligrosos utilizados

de los recipientes en este lugar de trabajo indicarán claramente el químico en la
etiqueta, incluirá una advertencia de peligro, e indicará el nombre y
la dirección del fabricante.
No se permitirá el uso de ningún recipiente hasta que estos datos se
comprueben. [Nombre de la persona] se cerciorará que todos los
recipientes sin etiqueta se etiqueten con una copia de la etiqueta
original del fabricante o una etiqueta que tenga la identificación y
advertencia de peligro apropiada.
Hojas de datos de Las hojas de datos de seguridad de los materiales están

seguridad de los inmediatamente a disposición de todos los trabajadores. Los
materiales (HDSM) trabajadores pueden revisar las hojas de datos de seguridad de los
(MSDS en inglés) materiales para todos los químicos peligrosos que se utilizan en
este lugar de trabajo. [Indique el lugar del archivo si se archivan
en papel. Explique como se pueden localizar si se almacenan
electrónicamente.]
La hojas de datos de seguridad de los materiales se mantienen al
corriente y son llevadas por [Nombre a la persona responsable
que lleva las hojas de datos de seguridad de los materiales.] Si
una hoja de datos de seguridad de los materiales no se
encuentra para un químico peligroso, avise inmediatamente a
[Nombre a la persona responsable que lleva las hojas de datos de
seguridad de los materiales.]
Educación Antes de iniciar sus labores, los trabajadores nuevos asistirán a una
y entrenamiento clase de entrenamiento de comunicación de riesgo que abarca
los siguientes temas:
• Una descripción general de los requisitos de la normas de
comunicación de riesgo de Oregon OSHA.
• Los químicos que se hallan en el lugar de trabajo.
• El lugar y la disponibilidad del programa escrito de
comunicación de riesgo y donde puende per revisado.
• Los efectos físicos y a la salud de los químicos peligrosos.
• Los métodos utilizados y la técnica de observación para
determinar la presencia o descarga de químicos peligrosos
en el lugar de trabajo.
• Como reducir o impedir exposición a estos químicos peligrosos
mediante el uso de prácticas de control y trabajo y equipo
protector personal.
30
Ejemplo de un programa escrito de comunicación de riesgo, continuación
• Pasos que hemos tomado para reducir la exposición a estos

químicos.
• Los procedimientos de emergencia a seguir si un trabajador se
expone a estos químicos.
• Como leer etiquetas y revisar hojas de datos de seguridad de
los materiales.
Después de asistir al adiestramiento, cada empleado firmará un
formulario para verificar que entendieron los temas arriba
mencionados y como éstos se relacionan con el plan de
comunicación de riesgo.
Lista de químicos La lista que sigue identifica todos los químicos en este lugar de
peligrosos trabajo. [Incluya la lista de químicos peligrosos.]
Datos detallados acerca de los efectos físicos y a la salud de
cada químico están incluidos en la hoja de datos de seguridad
del material. La identidad de cada químico en la lista corresponde
con la identidad del químico en su hoja de datos de seguridad
del material. Las hojas de datos de seguridad de los materiales
están disponibles para los trabajadores en sus áreas de trabajo.
Tareas peligrosas Antes de que los trabajadores empiecen tareas no rutinarias que
no rutinarias puedan exponerlos a químicos peligrosos, sus supervisores les
informarán acerca de los peligros de los químicos. Los supervisores
también les informarán acerca de las prácticas seguras de
trabajo necesarias para controlar la exposición y que hacer en caso
de una emergencia. Ejemplos de tareas no rutinarias que puedan
exponer a los trabajadores a químicos peligrosos incluye
lo siguiente: [Incluya ejemplos de tareas no rutinarias.]
Sustancias químicas Antes de desempeñar tareas laborales donde químicos peligrosos

en tubería se transfieren por tubería o donde la tubería está aislada con
material que contiene asbesto, los trabajadores se comunicarán
con [Nombre de la persona] para los siguientes datos:
• Las sustancias químicas en la tubería.
• Los peligros físicos y a la salud de los químicos o del
asbesto aislante.
• Las prácticas de trabajo seguro para prevenir exposición.
Informando a Es la responsabilidad de [Nombre de la persona] proporcionar a

contratistas los contratistas y a sus trabajadores la siguiente información si es
que pudieran ser expuestos a químicos peligrosos en su lugar
de trabajo:
• La identidad de los químicos, como revisar las hojas
de datos de seguridad de los materiales, y una explicación del
etiquetado de recipientes y de la tubería.
• Las prácticas de trabajo seguro para prevenir exposición.
Esta persona también obtendrá la hoja de datos de seguridad
del material para cualquier químico peligroso que traiga el
contratista al lugar de trabajo.
31
Appendix 2:
A hazard communication glossary
absolute pressure The total pressure within a vessel or pipe not offset by external
atmospheric pressure.
absorb, absorption To take in and make a part of an existing whole. The penetration
of a solid substance by a liquid through capillary, osmotic, solvent,
or chemical action.
ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
ACGIH develops and publishes recommended occupational
exposure limits for chemical substances and physical agents.
acid Any chemical that undergoes dissociation in water with the
formation of hydrogen ions. Acids have a sour taste and may
cause severe burns. They turn litmus paper red and have pH
values of 0 to 6.
action level Exposure level at which OSHA regulations to protect employees
take effect. Exposure at or above the action level is termed
occupational exposure. Exposure below this level also may be
harmful.
acute effect Adverse effect on a human or animal body that takes place soon
after exposure.
acute toxicity Adverse effects resulting from a single dose of or exposure to a
substance.
adsorb, adsorption To collect gas or liquid molecules on the surface of another
material.
aerosol Fine aerial suspension of liquid (mist, fog) or solid (dust, fume,
smoke) particles small enough to be stable.
air-line respirator A respirator that is connected to a compressed breathable air
source by a small-diameter hose. The air is delivered continuously
or intermittently in a sufficient volume to meet the wearer’s
breathing requirements.
air-purifying respirator A respirator that uses chemicals to remove specific gases and
vapors from the air or that uses a mechanical filter to remove
particulate matter. An air-purifying respirator must be used only
when there is sufficient oxygen to sustain life and the air
contaminant level is below the concentration limits of the device.
ALARA Acronym for “as low as reasonably achievable.”
alkali Any chemical substance that forms soluble soaps with fatty acids.
Alkalis are also known as bases and may cause severe burns.
Alkalis turn litmus paper blue and have pH values from 8 to 14.
ambient Usual or surrounding conditions.
anhydride A compound formed by removing water from a more complex
compound.
anhydrous A substance in which no water molecules are present as hydrate
or as water crystallization.
32
ANSI American National Standards Institute. A privately funded
organization that identifies industrial/public national consensus
standards and coordinates their development.
appearance Physical state of a material.
aqueous Water-based solution or suspension. A gaseous compound
dissolved in water.
asbestosis Chronic lung disease caused by inhaling airborne asbestos fibers.
asphyxia Lack of oxygen and interference with the oxygenation of the
blood. Can lead to unconsciousness.
asphyxiant Vapor or gas that causes unconsciousness or death by
suffocation. Most simple asphyxiants are harmful to the body only
when they become so concentrated that they reduce oxygen in
air (normally 21 percent) to dangerous levels (16 percent or
lower). Some chemicals, such as carbon dioxide, function as
chemical asphyxiants by reducing the blood’s ability to carry
oxygen.
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
asymptomatic Neither causing nor exhibiting symptoms.
atmosphere (atm.) Pressure measurement. One atmosphere (atm) equals
14.7 lbs./sq. in.
autoignition temperature Minimum temperature to which a substance must be heated
without flame or spark to cause the substance to ignite.
base Substances that usually liberate OH anions when dissolved in
water. Bases react with acids to form salts and water. Bases have
a pH greater than 7, turn litmus paper blue, and may be corrosive
to human tissue. A strong base is called alkaline or caustic.
biological Numerical values derived from procedures to determine the
exposure indexes (BEI) amount of a material absorbed into the human body by
measuring it or its metabolic products in tissue, fluid, or exhaled air.
biodegradable Organic material’s capacity for decomposition from attack by
microorganisms.
biological monitoring Periodic examination of body substances, such as blood or urine,
to determine the extent of hazardous material absorption.
boiling liquid Condition in which liquids are excessively heated, which may
expanding vapor result in the violent rupture of a container and the rapid
explosion (BLEVE) vaporization of the material. The possibility of a BLEVE increases
with the volatility of the material.
body burden Total amount of a toxic material that a person has ingested or
inhaled from all sources over time.
boiling point (BP) Temperature at which a liquid changes to a vapor state at a
given pressure. Flammable materials with low boiling points
generally present special fire hazards.
bonding Safety practice where two objects are interconnected with
clamps and bare wire. This equalizes electrical potential between
the objects and helps prevent static sparks that could ignite
flammable materials.
33
British thermal unit (BTU) Quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of
water 1 degree F at 39.2°F, its temperature of maximum density.
buffer Substance that reduces the change in hydrogen ion
concentration (pH) that otherwise would be produced by adding
acids or bases to a solution.
C Centigrade, a unit of temperature.
calorie Standard unit of heat. A calorie is the amount of heat required to
raise 1 gram of water 1°C.
carbon dioxide (CO2) Heavy, colorless gas produced by combustion and decomposition
of organic substances and as a by-product of chemical processes.
Will not burn, relatively nontoxic, and unreactive. Can cause
oxygen-deficient environments in large concentrations. Is useful as
fire-extinguishing agent to block oxygen and smother fire.
carbon monoxide (CO) Colorless, odorless, flammable, and very toxic gas produced by
the incomplete combustion of carbon compounds and as a by-
product of many chemical processes. A chemical asphyxiant, it
reduces the blood’s ability to carry oxygen.
carcinogen Substance or agent capable of causing or producing cancer in
mammals.
CAS An assigned number that identifies a chemical. CAS stands for
Chemical Abstracts Service, an organization that indexes
information published in Chemical Abstracts by the American
Chemical Society and that provides index guides by which
information about particular substances may be located in the
abstracts. The CAS number is a concise, unique means of material
identification.
catalyst Substance that modifies a chemical reaction (makes it faster or
slower) without being consumed.
caustic See “alkali.”
CC (Closed Cup) One of the methods used to measure flash points of flammable
liquids.
ceiling Maximum allowable human exposure limit for airborne
substances; not to be exceeded even momentarily.
centimeter, cm 1/100 meter. One centimeter equals approximately 0.4 inch.
CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act. The Superfund Law. The EPA has jurisdiction.
CFR Code of Federal Regulations. A collection of the regulations
established by law.
chemical Any element, chemical compound, or mixture of elements and/or
compounds.
chemical-cartridge A respirator that uses a filter, sorbent, or catalyst to purify inhaled air that
respirator passes through a canister or cartridge. Typically effective for concentrations
no more than 10 times the threshold limit value (TLV) of the contaminant if it
has warning properties (odor or irritation) below the TLV.
34
chemical family Group of single elements or compounds with a common general
name.
chemical formula Gives the number and kinds of atoms that comprise a molecule of
a material.
chemical manufacturer An employer in a workplace in which chemicals are produced for
use or distribution.
chemical name Scientific name that clearly identifies the chemical for hazard
evaluation purposes.
chemical reactivity Ability of a material to chemically change. Undesirable and
dangerous effects, such as heat, explosions, or the production of
noxious substances, can result.
CHEMTREC 24-hour toll-free telephone number [800-424-9300], intended
primarily for use by those who respond to chemical-transportation
emergencies. Established by the Chemical Manufacturer’s
Association.
chemical hygiene plan (CHP) A written plan that includes specific work practices, standard
operating procedures, equipment, engineering controls, and
policies to ensure that employees are protected from hazardous
exposure levels to all potentially hazardous chemicals in use in
their work areas. The chemical hygiene plan, under Oregon OSHA
rules, includes training, employee access to information, medical
consultations, examinations, hazard-identification procedures,
respirator use, and record-keeping practices.
chronic effect Adverse effect on a human or animal body with symptoms that
develop slowly over a long period of time or that recur frequently.
chronic exposure Long-term contact with a substance.
chronic toxicity Adverse effects resulting from repeated doses of or exposures to a
material over a relatively prolonged period of time. Ordinarily used
to denote effects noted in experimental animals.
CNS Central nervous system. The brain and spinal cord.
combustible liquids Term used by NFPA and DOT to classify certain liquids that will
burn, on the basis of flash points. NFPA and DOT generally define
“combustible liquids” as having a flash point of 100° F or higher.
They do not ignite as easily as flammable liquids; however, they
can be ignited under certain conditions, and must be handled
with caution.
commercial account An arrangement whereby a retail distributor sells hazardous
chemicals to an employer, generally in large quantities over time,
and/or at costs that are below the regular retail price.
common name Designation for material other than chemical name, such as
code, trade, brand, or generic name.
compressed gas Material contained under pressure (dissolved gas, liquefied by
compression or refrigeration).
concentration Relative amount of a substance when combined or mixed with
other substances.
35
conditions to avoid Conditions encountered during handling or storage that could
cause a substance to become unstable.
container Any bag, barrel, bottle, box, can, cylinder, drum, reaction vessel,
storage tank, or the like that contains a hazardous chemical.
Under hazard communication rules (1910.1200), pipes or piping
systems, and engines, fuel tanks, or other operating systems in a
vehicle are not considered to be containers.
corrosion rate Expressed in inches per year.
corrosive Liquid or solid that causes visible destruction or irreversible
alterations in skin tissue at site of contact, or liquid that has severe
corrosion rate on steel.
critical Critical temperature is the temperature above which a gas cannot
pressure/temperature be liquefied by pressure. Critical pressure is the pressure required to
liquefy a gas at its critical temperature.
cryogenic Relating to extremely low temperature as for refrigerated gases.
cu ft, ft
3
Cubic foot. Cu ft is more common.
cu m, m
3
Cubic meter. m3 is preferred.
cutaneous Pertaining to the skin.
cyanosis Dark purplish coloration of skin and mucous membrane caused by
deficient oxygenation of the blood.
CWA Clean Water Act
dangerously reactive Material that can react by itself or with water/air, producing material
hazardous condition.
decomposition Breakdown of a material or substance into parts, elements, or
simpler compounds.
defatting Removal of natural oils from the skin by fat-dissolving solvents or
other chemicals.
density Ratio of weight to volume of a material, usually in grams per cubic
centimeter.
dermal Used on or applied to the skin.
dermal toxicity Ratings corresponding to the following are derived from data
obtained from the test methods as described in 16 CFR 1500.40
and categories of toxicity as described in 16 CFR 1500.3.
• nontoxic The probable lethal dose of undiluted product to 50 percent of
the test animals determined from dermal toxicity studies. LD50 is
greater than 2 grams per kilogram of body weight.
• toxic The probable lethal dose of undiluted product to 50 percent of
greater than 200 milligrams and less than or equal to 2 grams per
kilogram of body weight.
• highly toxic The probable lethal dose of undiluted product to 50 percent of
less than or equal to 200 milligrams per kilogram of body weight.
36
dermatitis Inflammation of the skin.
designated Any individual or organization to whom an employee gives
representative written authorization to exercise his or her rights.
dilution ventilation Air flow designed to dilute contaminants to acceptable levels.
distributor A business, other than a chemical manufacturer or importer,
that supplies hazardous chemicals to other distributors or to
employers.
DOT U.S. Department of Transportation
dry chemical Powdered fire-extinguishing agent, usually composed of sodium
bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate.
dust Solid particles suspended in air produced by some mechanical
process, such as crushing, grinding, abrading, or blasting. Most
dusts are inhalation, fire, or dust explosion hazards.
employee A worker who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals under
normal operating conditions or in foreseeable emergencies.
employer A person engaged in a business in which chemicals are either
used, distributed, or produced for use or distribution, including a
contractor or subcontractor.
endothermic A chemical reaction that absorbs heat.
engineering controls Systems that reduce potential hazards by isolating the worker from
the hazard or by removing the hazard from the work environment.
Methods include ventilation, isolation, and enclosure.
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EPCRA Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
epidemiology Science that deals with the study of disease in a general
population.
ergonomics Study of human characteristics for the appropriate design of living
and work environments.
evaporation rate Rate at which a particular material will vaporize when compared
to the rate of vaporization of a known material. Evaporation rate
can be useful in evaluating the health and fire hazards of a
material.
explosive Material that produces a sudden, almost instantaneous release of
pressure, gas, and heat when subjected to abrupt shock, pressure,
or high temperature.
exposure or “exposed” An employee who is subjected during the course of employment
to a chemical that is a physical or health hazard; includes
accidental or possible exposure. “Subjected” includes any route
of entry: inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or absorption.
exposure limits Concentration in air of a chemical that is thought to be
acceptable.
extinguishing media Fire extinguisher or extinguishing method appropriate for use on
specific material.
37
eye irritation Ratings corresponding to the following definitions are derived from
data obtained from test methods described in the 16 CFR 1500.42.
• practically The undiluted product, when instilled into the eyes of rabbits,
nonirritating produces no noticeable irritation, or slight transient conjunctiva
irritation.
• slightly irritating The undiluted product, when instilled into the eyes of rabbits,
produces slight to moderate conjunctiva irritation, slight corneal
involvement, and/or slight iritis.
• moderately irritating The undiluted product, when instilled into the eyes of rabbits,
produces moderate corneal involvement with or without severe
iritis.
• severely irritating The undiluted product, when instilled into the eyes of rabbits,
(or corrosive) produces severe corneal involvement with or without severe iritis.
Federal Register Daily publication that lists and discusses the regulations of federal
agencies.
fiber Basic form of matter, usually crystalline, with a high ratio of length
to diameter.
fibrosis Formation of fibrous tissue, as in reparative or reactive process to
particulates, in excess of amounts normally present in lung tissue
walls.
fire diamond Symbol designed by the NFPA to give a quick number rating for
the particular material’s degree of health (blue), flammability
(red), reactivity (yellow), and specific (white) hazard.
fire point Lowest temperature at which liquid will produce sufficient vapor
to flash near its surface and continue to burn.
flammable chemicals Chemicals that fall into one of the following categories:
• aerosol, flammable An aerosol that, when tested by the method described in 16 CFR
1500.45, yields a flame projection exceeding 18 inches at full valve
opening, or a flashback (a flame extending back to the valve) at any
degree of valve opening.
• gas, flammable A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a
flammable mixture with air at a concentration of 13 percent by
volume or less; or a gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure,
forms a range of flammable mixtures with air wider than 12 percent
by volume, regardless of the lower limit.
• liquid, flammable Any liquid having a flash point below 100° F; any mixture having
components with flash points of 100° F or higher, the total of which
make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture.
• solid, flammable A solid, other than a blasting agent or explosive defined in
1910.109(a), that can cause fire through friction, absorption of
moisture, spontaneous chemical change, or retained heat from
manufacturing or processing, or that can be ignited readily and
when ignited burns so vigorously and persistently as to create a
serious hazard.
flammable limits Minimum and maximum concentrations of flammable gas or
vapor between which ignition occurs.
38
flash back Occurs when a trail of flammable material is ignited by a distant
spark or ignition source. The flame then travels along the trail of
the material back to its source.
flash point Temperature at which a liquid will give off enough flammable
vapor to ignite. There are several methods for testing flash points;
flash points for the same material may vary depending on the
test method.
fog Visible suspension of fine droplets in a gas.
foreseeable emergency Potential occurrence such as equipment failure, rupture of
containers, or failure of control equipment that could result in
an uncontrolled release of a hazardous chemical.
formula The scientific expression of the chemical composition of a material
(e.g., water: H2O; sulfuric acid: H2SO4; sulfur dioxide: SO2).
freezing point Temperature at which a material changes its physical state from
liquid to solid.
full protective clothing Fully protective gear that keeps gases, vapor, liquid, and solids
from any contact with skin and prevents them from being inhaled
or ingested.
fume Airborne suspension consisting of minute solid particles arising from
the heating of a solid.
g Gram. Metric unit of weight.
gas Formless fluid that occupies the space of its enclosure. Can settle
to the bottom or top of an enclosure when mixed with other
materials. Can be changed to its liquid or solid state only by
increased pressure and decreased temperature.
general ventilation Removal of contaminated air and its replacement with clean air
from general workplace area.
generic name Identify of a chemical other than its chemical name.
genetic Pertaining to or carried by genes. Hereditary.
gram Metric unit of mass weight. One U.S. ounce is about 28 grams and
one pound is 454 grams.
gram/kilogram Expression of dose used in oral and dermal toxicology testing to
indicate the grams of substance dosed per kilogram of animal
body weight.
hazard warning Words, pictures, or symbols that convey specific physical and
health hazards
hazardous decomposition Breaking down or separation of a substance into its constituent
parts, elements, or simpler compounds accompanied by the release
of heat, gas, or hazardous materials.
hazardous chemical Any chemical whose presence or use is a physical hazard or a
health hazard.
hazardous ingredients Hazardous substances that make up a mixture.
39
hazardous material Any substance or mixture of substances having properties
capable of producing adverse effects on the health or safety of
a human being.
hazardous materials Developed by the NPCA to provide information about health,
identification system flammability, and reactivity hazards encountered in the workplace.
(hmis) A number is assigned to a material indicating the degree of hazard,
from 0 for the least up to 4 for the most severe. Letters are used to designate
personal protective equipment.
hazardous waste number Identification number assigned by the EPA, per RCRA law, to identify and
track hazardous wastes.
health hazard A chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence
based on at least one study conducted in accordance with
established scientific principles that acute or chronic health
effects may occur in exposed employees.
hematopoietic system The blood-forming mechanism of the human body.
hepatic Pertaining to the liver.
hepatotoxin A substance that causes injury to the liver.
highly toxic A chemical that has any of the following categories:
• Has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 50 milligrams or less per
kilogram of body weight when administered orally to albino
rats between 200 and 300 grams each.
• Has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 200 milligrams or less per
kilogram of body weight when administered by continuous
contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours)
with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between 2 and 3
kilograms each.
• Has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of 200 parts
per million by volume or less of gas or vapor, or 2 milligrams per
liter or less of mist, fume, or dust when administered by continuos
inhalation for 1 hour (or less if death occurs within 1 hour) to
albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
hydrocarbon Organic compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen.
Petroleum, natural gas, and coal are the main sources of
hydrocarbons for industry.
hydrophilic Materials having large molecules that absorb and retain water,
causing them to swell and frequently to gel.
hygroscopic Readily adsorbing available moisture in any form.
hypergolic Self-igniting upon contact of its components without a spark or
external aid.
hypoxia Insufficient oxygen, especially applied to body cells.
identity Any chemical or common name that is indicated on the
material safety data sheet (MSDS) for the chemical. The identity
must permit cross references to be made among the required list
of hazardous chemicals, the label, and the MSDS.
40
ignition temperature Lowest temperature at which a combustible material will catch
fire in air and will continue to burn independently of the source of
heat when heated.
inhalation toxicity Ratings corresponding to the following are derived from the test
methods and categories of toxicity described in 16 CFR 1500.3.
• nontoxic The probable lethal concentration of the undiluted product to 50
percent of the test animals (LC50) is greater than 200 milligrams
per liter by volume when inhaled continuously for one hour or less.
• toxic The probable lethal concentration of the undiluted product to 50
percent of the test animals (LC50) is greater than 2 milligrams and
less than or equal to 200 milligrams per liter by volume when
inhaled continuously for one hour or less.
• highly toxic The probable lethal concentration of the undiluted product to 50
percent of the test animals (LC50) is less than or equal to 2
milligrams per liter by volume when inhaled continuously for one
hour or less.
immediate use The hazardous chemical will be under the control of and used
only by the person who transfers it from a labeled container and
only within the work shift in which it is transferred.
immediately Maximum concentration from which one could escape within 30
dangerous to minutes without any escape-impairing symptoms or any life and
health (IDLH) irreversible health effects.
importer The first business with employees within the customs territory of the
U.S. that receives hazardous chemicals produced in other countries
for the purpose of supplying them to distributors or employers within
the U.S.
incompatible Materials that could cause dangerous reactions from direct
contact with one another.
inert ingredients Anything other than the active ingredient in a product; not having
active properties.
ingestion Taking in a substance through the mouth.
inhalation Breathing in a substance as a gas, vapor, fume, mist, or dust.
inorganic materials Compounds derived from other than vegetable or animal
sources; generally, inorganic materials do not contain carbon
atoms.
insoluble Incapable of being dissolved in a liquid.
irritant Substance that will cause an inflammatory response or reaction
of the eye, skin, or respiratory system.
kilogram Metric unit of weight, about 2.2 pounds.
label Any written, printed, or graphic sign or symbol displayed on
containers of hazardous chemicals; includes identity of the
material, appropriate hazard warnings, and name and address of
the chemical manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party.
latency period Time that elapses between exposure and the first manifestations
of disease or illness.
41
LC50 Lethal concentration 50, median lethal concentration. The
concentration of a material in air that on the basis of laboratory
tests is expected to kill 50 percent of a group of test animals when
administered as a single exposure in a specific time period, usually
1 hour. LC50 is expressed as parts of material per million parts
of air, by volume (ppm) for gases and vapors, as micrograms of
material per liter of air (ug/l), or milligrams of material per cubic
meter of air (mg/m3) for dusts and mists, as well as for gases and
vapors.
LCLO Lethal concentration low. The lowest concentration of a substance in
air reported to have caused death in humans or animals.
LD50 Lethal dose 50. The single dose of a substance that causes the
death of 50 percent of an animal population from exposure to
the substance by any route other than inhalation. LD50 is usually
expressed as milligrams or grams of material per kilogram of
animal weight (mg/kg or g/kg). The animal species and means of
administering the dose (oral, intravenous, etc.) should also be stated.
LDLO Lethal dose low. The lowest dose of a substance introduced by any
route, other than inhalation, reported to have caused death in
humans or animals.
local effects Toxic or irritation effects that occur at the site of contact with a
chemical or substance.
local ventilation Drawing off and replacement of contaminated air directly from its
source.
lower explosive Lowest concentration (percentage of the substance in air) that will produce a
limit (LEL) flash of fire when heat, electric arc, or flame is present.
material safety Written or printed material concerning a hazardous chemical
data sheet (MSDS) prepared in accordance with 1910.1200(g).
melting point Temperature at which a solid substance changes to a liquid state.
For mixtures, a melting range may be given.
mg Milligram. One-thousandth of a gram.
mg/kg Milligram per kilogram. Dosage used in toxicology testing to
indicate a dose administered per kg of body weight.
mg/m3 Milligram per cubic meter of air. mg/m3
microgram (ug) One-millionth of a gram.
micrometer (um) One-millionth of a meter; often referred to as a micron.
millimeter (mm) One-thousandth of a meter.
miscible Extent to which liquids or gases can be mixed or blended.
mist Suspended liquid droplets in the air generated by condensation from
the gaseous to the liquid state or by mechanically breaking
up the liquid by splashing or atomizing.
42
mixture Heterogeneous association of materials that cannot be represented
by a chemical formula and that does not undergo chemical change
as a result of interaction among the mixed materials.
ml Milliliter. One-thousandth of a liter. For practical purposes, equal to
1 cubic centimeter.
mm Hg A measure of pressure in millimeters of a mercury column above a
reservoir, or difference of level in a U-tube.
mole Quantity of a chemical substance that has a weight in a unit
numerically equal to the molecular weight.
molecular weight The sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in a molecule.
mppcf Millions of particles per cubic foot of air, based on impinger
samples counted by light-field techniques (OSHA).
mucous membrane The mucous-secreting lining that lines the hollow organs of the
body.
mutagen Substance or agent capable of altering the genetic material in a
living cell.
narcosis Stupor or unconsciousness produced by narcotics or other
materials.
necrosis Localized death of tissue.
nephrotoxic Poisonous to the kidney.
neutralize To render chemically harmless; to return the ph to the neutral
level of 7.
neurotoxin A poison that affects the nervous system.
NFPA National Fire Protection Association
NIOSH The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
noncombustible Not flammable.
nox A general formula for oxides of nitrogen (NO,NO2). These react with
moisture in the respiratory tract to produce acids that corrode and
irritate tissue, causing congestion and pulmonary edema. Symptoms
of acute exposure can develop over 6 to 24 hours. Chronic
exposure to low levels can cause irritation, cough, headache, and
tooth corrosion. Exposure to 5 to 50 ppm of NO2 can cause slowly
evolving pulmonary edema. Commonly produced by combustion
processes, including motor vehicle engines.
NPCA National Paint and Coatings Association
NTP The National Toxicology Program
nuisance particulates Dusts that do not produce significant organic disease or toxic
effect from “reasonable” concentrations and exposures.
odor Description of the smell of the substance.
43
odor threshold Lowest concentration of a substance’s vapor, in air, that can be
smelled.
olfactory Relating to the sense of smell.
opaque Impervious to light rays.
open transfer Any transfer that involves contact of a moving fluid with the
atmosphere, air, or oxygen. Open transfer of flammable liquids,
especially Class IA liquids, is dangerous due to the release of
flammable vapors into the work area.
oral Used in or taken into the body through the mouth.
oral toxicity Ratings derived from data obtained from the test methods and
categories of toxicity described in 16 CFR 1500.3.
organic materials Compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements
with chain or ring structures.
overexposure Exposure to a hazardous material beyond the allowable exposure
levels.
oxidation Reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen provided by an
oxidizer or oxidizing agent. An oxidation reaction is always
accompanied by an offsetting reduction reaction in which oxygen
is removed from a compound or atoms, molecules, or ions gain
electrons.
oxidizer Substance that yields oxygen readily to stimulate the combustion of
organic matter.
oxidizing agent Chemical or substance that brings about an oxidation reaction.
particulate Small, separate pieces of an airborne material. Generally, anything
that is not a fiber and has an aspect ratio of 3 to 1.
parts per million (ppm) Unit for measuring concentration of a gas or vapor in air. Parts of the
gas or vapor in a million parts of air. Also used to indicate the
concentration of a particular substance in a liquid or solid.
percent volatile The percentage of a liquid or solid (by volume) that will evaporate
at an ambient temperature of 70° F (unless some other temperature
is specified). Examples: butane, gasoline, and paint thinner (mineral
spirits) are 100 percent volatile; their individual evaporation rates
vary but each will evaporate completely.
permissible exposure limit Legally enforced exposure limit for a substance established by OSHA.
(PEL) The PEL indicates the permissible concentration of air contaminants to which
nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed 8 hours a day, 40 hours a
week, over a working lifetime (40 years), without adverse effects.
peroxide The oxide of an element that contains an unusually large amount
of oxygen.
personal hygiene Precautionary measures taken to maintain good health when
exposed to harmful materials.
personal protective Devices or clothing worn to help isolate a worker from direct
44
equipment (PPE) exposure to hazardous materials.
petroleum distillate Complex mixture of hydrocarbons, liquid at normal ambient
conditions, separated from crude oil and other refinery process
streams by distillation.
pH Scale of 0 to 14 representing acidity or alkalinity of aqueous
solution. Pure water has pH of 7.
physical hazard A chemical for which there is scientifically valid evidence that it is
a combustible liquid, a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an
organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or
water reactive.
physical state Condition of a material (solid, liquid, or gas) at room temperature.
poison Any substance that is injurious to health and may lead to death
when relatively small amounts are taken either internally or
externally.
poison, class A A DOT term for an extremely dangerous poison, such as a poisonous
gas or liquid, of which a very small amount mixed with air is
dangerous to life.
poison, class B A DOT term for liquid, solid, paste, or semisolid substances other
than class A poisons or irritating materials known to be a health
hazard during transportation.
poison control center Provides medical information on a 24-hour-a-day basis for
accidents involving ingestion of potentially poisonous materials.
polychlorinated Pathogenic and teratogenic compound used as a heat transfer medium. It
biphenyl (PCB) accumulates in tissue.
polymerization Chemical reaction in which one or more small molecules combine
to form larger molecules.
PPE See: personal protective equipment.
primary skin irritant A noncorrosive substance that produces severe skin irritation.
produce To manufacture, process, blend, extract, generate, emit,
formulate, or repackage.
product identification Four-digit number, prefaced by UN or NA, used in Canada under
number the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulation for use by emergency
personnel to identify a material in the event of an accident.
psia Pounds per square inch absolute.
psig Pounds per square inch gauge (i.e., above atmospheric pressure).
pyrophoric Materials that ignite spontaneously in air below 130° F.
Occasionally friction will ignite them.
RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
reaction Chemical transformation or change; interaction of two or more
substances to form a new substance.
45
reactive material Chemical substance or mixture that will vigorously polymerize,
decompose, condense, or become self-reactive due to shock,
pressure, or temperature. Includes explosive materials, organic
peroxides, pressure-generating materials, and water-reactive
materials.
reactivity Tendency of a substance to undergo chemical reaction with the
release of energy.
reagent Substance used in a chemical reaction to produce another substance
or to detect its composition.
recommended The highest allowable airborne concentration that is not expected
exposure limit to injure a worker. Expressed as a ceiling limit or as a time-weighted
average, usually for a 10-hour work shift.
reducing agent Substance that combines with oxygen or loses electrons to the
reaction during a reduction reaction.
registry of toxic Published by NIOSH. Presents basic toxicity data on thousands of
effects of substances chemical materials. It’s objective is to identify “all known toxic substances”
and to reference original studies.
reportable quantity Amount of material that when spilled must be reported to the federal, state,
(RQ) and local authorities under CERCLA, EPCRA, and the CWA.
reproductive- Any agent that has a harmful effect on the adult male or female
health hazard reproductive system or the developing fetus or child.
respiratory system Breathing system, including the lungs and air passages, as well as
the associated system of nerves and circulatory supply.
respiratory protection Devices that will protect the wearer’s respiratory system from
overexposure by inhalation of airborne contaminants. Respiratory
protection is used when a worker must work in an area where
he/she might be exposed to concentration in excess of the allowable
exposure limit.
responsible party Someone who can provide additional information on the hazardous
chemical and appropriate emergency procedures, if necessary.
routes of entry Means by which material may gain access to the body
(inhalation, ingestion, skin contact).
RTECS Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances
SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
SCBA Self-contained breathing apparatus
sensitization State of immune-response reaction in which further exposure
elicits an immune or allergic response. A person previously
exposed to a certain material is more sensitive when he
experiences further contact with it.
sensitizer Substance that, on first exposure, causes little or no reaction in humans or test
animals but that, on repeated exposure, may cause a marked response not
necessarily limited to the contact site.
46
signal words Distinctive words on MSDS s that alert the reader to the existence
and relative degree of hazards. Signal words:
• Danger Materials that are highly toxic, corrosive to living tissue,
extremely flammable, or are suspected human carcinogens.
• Warning Materials that are moderately toxic, have severe skin-
irritation potential, cause allergic skin reactions, or are flammable.
• Caution Materials that have a low order of toxicity, produce
only slight to moderate skin irritation, or are combustible.
skin irritation Ratings corresponding to the following are derived from data
obtained from the test methods in 16 CFR 1500.41 and categories
of toxicity in 16 CFR 1500.3
• practically The undiluted product causes no noticeable irritation or causes
nonirritating slight inflammation of intact or abraded skin of rabbits during the study
period.
• moderately The undiluted product causes well-defined inflammation of the intact or
irritating abraded skin of rabbits during the study period.
• primary skin irritant The undiluted product cause moderate to severe inflammation of
the intact or abraded skin of rabbits during the study period.
• corrosive The undiluted product causes visible destruction or irreversible
alterations of the tissue structure at the site of contact on intact or
abraded skin of rabbits during the study period.
slurry Pourable mixture of solid and liquid.
smoke Dry particles and droplets generated by incomplete combustion
of an organic material combined with and suspended in the
gases from combustion.
solubility in water Percentage of a material by weight that will dissolve in water at
ambient temperature.
solution Uniformly dispersed mixture. Composed of a solvent and a
dissolved substance, called the solute.
solvent Substance, usually liquid, in which other substances are dissolved.
Water is the most common solvent.
SOx Oxides of sulfur where x equals the number of oxygen atoms.
specific chemical Chemical name, CAS number, or other information that reveals
identity the precise chemical designation of the substance.
specific gravity Weight of material compared to equal volume of water:
expression of density of material.
stability Ability of a material to remain unchanged. A material is stable if it
remains in the same form under expected and reasonable conditions
of storage or use.
STEL Short-term exposure limit.
subcutaneous Beneath the skin.
synonym Another name or names by which a material is known.
47
target organ toxin Toxic substance that attacks a specific organ of the body.
teratogen Substance or agent to which exposure of a pregnant female can
result in malformation of the fetus.
threshold limit value Airborne concentration of a material to which nearly all persons
can be exposed day after day, without adverse effects. TLVs are
expressed in three ways:
• TLV-C Ceiling limit, concentration that should not be exceeded
even instantaneously.
• TLV-STEL Short-term exposure limit, maximum concentration for a
continuous 15-minute exposure period.
• TLV-TWA Time-weighted average, concentration for a normal
8-hour work day or 40-hour work week.
threshold planning The amount of material at a facility that requires emergency planning and
quantity (TPQ) notification under CERCLA.
toxicity Sum of adverse effects resulting from exposure to a material,
generally by the mouth, skin, or respiratory tract.
toxicology Study of the nature, effects, and detection of poisons in living
organisms. Also, substances that are usually harmless but toxic
under certain conditions.
toxic substance Chemical or material that has evidence of an acute or chronic health
hazard, and is listed in the RTECS manual. The substance causes
harm at any dose level; causes cancer or reproductive effects in
animals at any dose level; has a median lethal dose level of less than
500 mg per kg of body weight when administered orally to rats;
has a median lethal dose level of less than 1000 mg per kg of body
weight when administered by continuous contact to the bare skin of
albino rabbits; or has a median lethal concentration in air of less
than 2000 ppm by volume of gas or vapor, or less than 20 mg per
liter of mist, fume, or dust when administered to albino rats.
Toxic Substances (TSCA) 40 CFR 700-799. Controls the exposure to and use of raw industrial
Control Act chemicals not subject to other laws. Chemicals are to be evaluated prior
to use and can be controlled based on risk. The act provides for a
listing of all chemicals that are to be evaluated prior to manufacture
or use in the U.S. EPA has jurisdiction.
trade name Trademark name or commercial trade name for a material given
by the manufacturer.
trade secret Any confidential formula pattern, process, device, information, or
compilation of information used in an employer’s business that
gives the employer an opportunity to obtain an advantage over
competitors.
TWA Time-weighted average exposure is the airborne concentration of
a material to which a person is exposed, averaged over the total
exposure time, generally the total workday (8 to 12 hours).
48
upper explosive Highest concentration (percentage of the substance in air) that
limit (UEL) will produce a flash of fire when heat, electric arc, or flame is present.
unstable Tending toward decomposition or other unwanted chemical
change during normal handling or storage.
use To package, handle, react, or transfer.
vapor Gaseous state of a material suspended in air that would be a
liquid or solid under ordinary conditions.
vapor density Weight of vapor or gas compared to an equal volume of air;
expression of the density of the vapor or gas.
vapor pressure Pressure exerted by a saturated vapor above its liquid in a closed
container.
vapor Gaseous form of a solid or liquid substance as it evaporates.
ventilation Circulating fresh air to replace contaminated air.
viscosity Tendency of a fluid to resist internal flow without regard to its
density.
volatile organic Used in coatings and paint because they evaporate very rapidly.
compounds (VOC)
volatility Measure of how quickly a substance forms a vapor at ordinary
temperatures.
water reactive Material that reacts with water to release a gas that is either
flammable or presents a health hazard.
work area A room or defined space in a workplace where hazardous
chemicals are produced or used and where employees are
present.
workplace An establishment at one geographical location containing one or
more work areas.
49
Services
Oregon OSHA offers a wide variety of safety and health services to employers and employees:
Consultative Services
• Offers no-cost on-site safety and health assistance to help Oregon employers recognize
and correct workplace safety and health problems.
• Provides consultations in the areas of safety, industrial hygiene, ergonomics, occupational
safety and health programs, assistance to new businesses, the Safety and Health Achieve-
ment Recognition Program (SHARP), and the Voluntary Protection Program (VPP).
Enforcement
• Offers pre-job conferences for mobile employers in industries such as logging and
construction.
• Provides abatement assistance to employers who have received citations and provides
compliance and technical assistance by phone.
• Inspects places of employment for occupational safety and health hazards and investi-
gates workplace complaints and accidents.
Appeals, Informal Conferences
• Provides the opportunity for employers to hold informal meetings with Oregon OSHA
on concerns about workplace safety and health.
• Discusses Oregon OSHA’s requirements and clarifies workplace safety or health violations.
• Discusses abatement dates and negotiates settlement agreements to resolve disputed
citations.
Standards & Technical Resources
• Develops, interprets, and provides technical advice on safety and health standards.
• Provides copies of all Oregon OSHA occupational safety and health standards.
• Publishes booklets, pamphlets, and other materials to assist in the implementation of
safety and health standards and programs.
• Operates a Resource Center containing books, topical files, technical periodicals, a
video and film lending library, and more than 200 databases.
Public Education & Conferences
• Conducts conferences, seminars, workshops, and rule forums.
• Coordinates and provides technical training on topics such as confined space, ergo-
nomics, lockout/tagout, and excavations.
• Provides workshops covering management of basic safety and health programs, safety
committees, accident investigation, and job safety analysis.
• Manages the Safety and Health Education and Training Grant Program, which awards
grants to industrial and labor groups to develop training materials in occupational
safety and health for Oregon workers.
50
For more information, call the
Oregon OSHA office nearest you.
Eugene
Salem Central Office 1140 Willagillespie, Ste. 42
350 Winter St. NE, Rm. 430 Eugene, OR 97401-2101
Salem, OR 97301-3882 541-686-7562
Consultation: 541-686-7913
Phone: 503-378-3272
Toll-free: 800-922-2689 Bend
Red Oaks Square
Fax: 503-947-7461
1230 NE Third St., Ste. A-115
en Español: 800-843-8086 Bend, OR 97701-4374
Web site: www.orosha.org 541-388-6066
Medford
Portland 1840 Barnett Road, Ste. D
1750 NW Naito Parkway, Ste. 112 Medford, OR 97504-8250
Portland, OR 97209-2533 541-776-6030
503-229-5910 Consultation: 541-776-6016
Consultation: 503-229-6193 Pendleton
Salem 721 SE Third St., Ste. 306
1340 Tandem Ave. NE, Ste. 160 Pendleton, OR 97801-3056
Salem, OR 97303 541-276-9175
503-378-3274 Consultation: 541-276-2353
51
Notes
Causes dizziness and loss of consciousness – Irritates eyes, nose, and throat – Causes scar-
ring of the lungs and shortness of breath – Burns the eyes and skin – May cause liver damage
– Causes headaches and irritation of the eyes – High exposure can cause convulsions – May
cause skin irritations as well as drowsiness – May cause birth defects – Causes nausea, vom-
iting and headaches – Brain damage may occur – Repeated high exposure can cause kidney
damage – May cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and loss of consciousness – May lead to ge-
netic damage – May be a cancer risk – Can cause bronchitis, shortness of breath and perhaps
emphysema – Can cause severe skin burns – Causes mutations of cells – Major skin contact
or inhalation causes death.....Causes dizziness and loss of consciousness – Irritates eyes,
nose, and throat – Causes scarring of the lungs and shortness of breath – Burns the eyes and
skin – May cause liver damage – Causes headaches and irritation of the eyes – High exposure
can cause convulsions – May cause skin irritations as well as drowsiness – May cause birth
defects – Causes nausea, vomiting and headaches ... Brain damage may occur – Repeated
high exposure can cause kidney damage – May cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and loss of
consciousness – May lead to genetic damage – May be a cancer risk – Can cause bronchitis,
shortness of breath and perhaps emphysema – Can cause severe skin burns – Causes muta-
tions of cells ... Major skin contact or inhalation causes death.....Causes dizziness and loss of
consciousness – Irritates eyes, nose, and throat – Causes scarring of the lungs and shortness of
breath – Burns the eyes and skin – May cause liver damage – Causes headaches and irrita-
tion of the eyes – High exposure can cause convulsions – May cause skin irritations as well
as drowsiness – May cause birth defects – Causes nausea, vomiting and headaches – Brain
damage may occur – Repeated high exposure can cause kidney damage – May cause dizzi-
ness, nausea, diarrhea and loss of consciousness – May lead to genetic damage – May be a
cancer risk – Can cause bronchitis, shortness of breath and perhaps emphysema – Can cause
severe skin burns – Causes mutations of cells – Major skin contact or inhalation ... May cause
dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and loss of consciousness – May lead to genetic damage – May be
a cancer risk –auses death.....Major skin contact or inhalation causes death.....Causes dizzi

DC
BS
440-2034 (4/09) OR-OSHA

Hazard Communication

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Hazard Communication

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HAZARD

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damage – May be a cancer risk –auses

The essence of hazard communication

Hazard communication rules

2 The manufacturers or importers

4 Your workplace purchases

Your workplace 5 You prepare a written hazard

Oregon OSHA’s definition of a hazardous chemical

The key to handling a hazardous

Want to learn more?

Essential parts of a written plan

Example of a material safety data sheet for acetone

Identity of the chemical

Physical and chemical characteristics

Physical hazard data

Special firefighting protective clothing: Reactivity

Precautions for safe handling and use

Label the con-

tainer, you must

label the container

with the identity of

Portable container and include an

Identifying pipes insulated with asbestos-containing

Required hazard communication training

I have been informed about the hazardous chemicals that I may

• An overview of the requirements in Oregon OSHA’s hazard communication rules.

Utilice un formulario como este para documentar que un trabajador a

Se me ha informado acerca de los químicos peligrosos a

• Una descripción general de los requisitos de la normas de comunicación de

Trabajador: _________________________________________ Fecha:_________

Training date Subject of training Description of training Trainer’s name

Nombre del trabajador _______________________________________________

Descripción del trabajo ________________________________________________

Fecha del Tema del Descripción del Nombre del

Other rules that refer to 1910.1200

Other rules that refer to 1926.59

Hazard communication, agriculture – 437-004-9800

Hazardous Before employees perform nonroutine tasks that may expose

Chemicals in pipes Before working in areas where hazardous chemicals are

Informing contractors It is the responsibility of [name of person] to provide contractors

Etiquetado Todos los recipientes de químicos peligrosos utilizados

Hojas de datos de Las hojas de datos de seguridad de los materiales están

• Pasos que hemos tomado para reducir la exposición a estos

Sustancias químicas Antes de desempeñar tareas laborales donde químicos peligrosos

Informando a Es la responsabilidad de [Nombre de la persona] proporcionar a

or inhalation causes death.....Causes dizziness and loss of consciousness – Irritates eyes,

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440-2034 (4/09) OR-OSHA

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Trabajador: _________________________________ Fecha:_