kelompok = 2
panjang bentang = 10 m
sudut kapspan = 30 ⁰
perletakan = sendi - roll
jumlah kapspan = 5 unit
jarak antar kapspan = 5 m a
penutup atap = seng gelombang
beban angin = 30 kg/m2
beban hidup = 100 kg 1
b e
q
r
2 p
o
s
a n t
m
l k j i h
12 11 10 9 8
L= 10 m
α= 30 ⁰
panjang batang dimensi 1/2 L = 5 m
1.92 m
1.92 m
1.92 m
1.67 m
1.67 m
1.67 m
0.96 m
1.92 m
1.92 m
2.55 m
2.89 m
6
f
u
7
g
8
perhitungan perencanaan gording
data perencanaan
bentang kapspan = 10 m
jarak gording = 1.92 m
jarak antar kapspan = 5 m
jenis atap = seng gelombang
berat atap = 8 kg/m2
beban angin = 30 kg/m2
kemiringan = 30 ⁰
jumlah titik buhul penggunaan gording = 7 titik
kelas kuat kayu = 1
σ (izin) = 150 kg/cm
nama kayu = keruing
berat jenis kayu = 0.86
kode mutu kayu = E17
modulus elastisitas = 16000 Mpa
kuat lentur kayu = 1000 kg/m
8 cm
profil kayu yang digunakan =
16 cm
A. Data pembebanan
1. beban mati
berat rangka kuda-kuda = 8 s/d 15 kg/m2
qmax
beban maksimal = 15 kg/m2
pelimpahan ke titik buhul - = 48.11 kg
beban penutup atap (seng) = 76.98 kg
berat unit gording - = 11.01 kg
beban mati seluruhnya qD = 136.10 kg/m2
2. beban hidup
beban hidup terpusat L = 100 kg/m2
3. beban air hujan
beban air hujan R = 16 kg/m2
4. beban angin
koefisien angin tekan - = 0.2 -
beban angin tekan tiap buhul Pt = 57.74 kg/m2
gaya perletakan Pt = 28.87 kg/m2
koefisien angin hisap - = -0.4 -
5. beban angin hisap tiap buhul
beban mati qD = 136.10 kg/m2
beban hidup qL = 100 kg
beban air hujan qR = 16 kg/m2
beban angin tekan qW = 57.74 kg/m2
B. Momen yang bekerja pada gording
Ix = 2731 cm4
Iy = 683 cm4
1. akibat beban mati
qx = 68.05 kg/m2
qy = 117.87 kg/m2
Mx = 212.66 kg/m2
My = 368.33 kg/m2
E = 16000 Mpa
Fx1 = 0.051 cm
Fy1 = 0.022 cm
2. akibat beban hidup
qx = 50.00 kg/m2
qy = 86.60 kg/m2
Mx = 156.25 kg/m2
My = 270.63 kg/m2
Fx2 = 0.012 cm
Fy2 = 0.005 cm
3. akibat beban air hujan
My = 50 kg/m2
4. akibat beban angin (tekan)
C = 0.2 -
qx = 11.55 kg/m2
Mx = 36.08 kg/m2
Fx = 0.054 m
5. akibat beban angin (hisap)
C = -0.4 -
q = -23.09 kg/m2
M = -72.17 kg/m2
F'3 = -0.336 cm
C. Kombinasi pembebanan
kombinasi arah X arah Y satuan
1,4 D = 297.720 515.666 kg/m2
1,2 D + 1,6 L + 0,5 R = 530.189 900.012 kg/m2
1,2 D + 1,6 R+ L = 491.439 792.632 kg/m2
1,2 D + W + L + 0,5 R = 472.523 773.717 kg/m2
besar momen yang menentukan = 530.189 900.012 kg/m2
D. Kombinasi Lendutan
Fx = 0.116 cm
Fy = 0.027 cm
E. Kombinasi tegangan
kayu kelas 1 = 150 kg/m2
-σ = 1.513 kg/m3
kontrol -σ < σ
OK 1.513 < 150
F. Kombinasi Lendutan
F = 0.962 cm
f = 0.120 cm
kontrol f ≤ F
OK 0.120 ≤ 0.962
perhitungan gaya batang (beban hidup)
P4 (kg)
100
P3 (kg)
100
4
c
P2 (kg) d
100
3
b
q
P1 (kg) r
100 2 p
o
a n
m
1 l k
12 11 j 10 i
RVA
1. beban hidup
cek kestabilan bentu
M = 21 batang 1) RVA - P1 - l - a ( titik 1)
J = 12 titik ΣV
M = J
21 = 21
OK
MENGHITUNG REAKSI -0.5 a
∑MB = 0 - a
= 350 kg tarik
RVA
= 3.5 kN ΣH
∑MA = 0
= 350 kg tarik
RVB
tarik
RVB
= 3.5 kN
PERHITUNGAN GAYA DALAM DAN LUAR l
gaya luar 2) l - m - k ( titik 12 )
RVA - P1- P2 - P3 - P4 - P5 - P6 - P7 - RVB ΣH
RVA + RVB = ΣP
700 = 700
OK k
gaya dalam (kg)
batang tekan tarik ΣV
a = -500 -
b = -200 -
c = -500 -
d = -500 - m
e = -200 - 3) P2 - a - m - n - b (titik 2 )
f = -500 - ΣV
g = - 433.01
h = - 433.01
i = - 433.01
j = - 433.01 0.5 b
k = - 433.01 b
l = - 433.01
m = 0 0 ΣH
n = -700 -
o = -350 -
p = -700 -
q = - 100 -0.87 n
r = -700 - n
s = -350 - 4) k - n - o - j (titik 11)
t = -700 - ΣH
u = 0 0
ΣV
o
5) P3 - b - o - p - c (titik 3)
ΣV
-0.50 c
c
ΣH
-0.87 p
p
up)
P5 (kg)
100
d P6 (kg)
100
5
e
r P7 (kg)
6 100
s
t f
u
7
i h g
9 8
RVB
= 0
= -a cos 30 - l
= 500 0.87 - l
= 433.01 - l
= 433.01 ( tarik )
k ( titik 12 ) 7) g - u - h (titik 8)
= 0 ΣH
= -l + k
= -433.01 + k
= 433.01 ( tarik ) h
= 0 ΣV
= -l + m + k
= -433.01 + m + 433.01
= 0 + m
= 0 u
m - n - b (titik 2 )
= 0
= P2 + b sin 30 + m
= -100 + b 0.5 + 0
= -100 + b 0.5
= -100
= -200 ( tekan)
= 0
= -a cos 30 + m + n cos
= 500 0.87 + 0 + n 0.87
= 606.22 + n 0.87
= 606.22
= -700 ( tekan)
o - j (titik 11)
= 0
= -k + j
= -433.01 + j
= 433.01 ( tarik )
= 0
= -n sin 30 + o
= 700 0.50 + o
= 350 + o
= -350 ( tekan)
o - p - c (titik 3)
= 0
= P3 + c sin 30 - o
= -100 + c 0.50 + 350
= 250 + c 0.50
= 250
= -500 ( tekan)
= 0
= -b cos 30 + p cos 30 -
= 200 0.87 + p 0.87 +
= 606.22 + p 0.87
= 606.22
= -700 ( tekan)
11) P4 - d - q - c (titik 4)
ΣV = 0
= P4
= -100
q = 100
6) RVB - P7 - f - g (titik 7)
ΣV = 0
= RVB + f sin 30 - P7
= 350 + f 0.5 - 100
= 250 + f 0.5
f = 250
f = -500 ( tekan)
ΣH = 0
= -f cos 30 - g
= 500 0.87 - g
= 433.01 - g
g = 433.01 ( tarik )
= 0
= -g + h
= -433.01 + h
= 433.01 ( tarik )
= 0
= -g + u + h
= -433.01 + u + 433.01
= 0 + u
= 0
8) P6 - f - u - t - e (titik 6)
ΣV = 0
= P6
= -100
= -100
0.5 e = -100
e = -200
ΣH = 0
30 - b cos 30 = -f
0.87 + 200 0.87 = 500
= 606.21778
-0.87 t = 606.21778
t = -700
9) h - t - s - i (titik 9)
ΣH = 0
= -h + i
= -433.01 + i
i = 433.01 ( tarik )
ΣV = 0
= -t sin 30 -
= 700 0.50 -
= 350 - s
s = -350 ( tekan)
10) P5 - e - s - r - d (titik 5)
ΣV = 0
= P5
= -100
= 250
-0.50 d = 250
d = -500
ΣH = 0
c cos 30 = -e
500 0.87 = 200
= 606.22
-0.87 r = 606.22
r = -700
+ q
+ q
( tarik )
- e sin 30 + u
- e 0.5 + 0
- e 0.5
( tekan)
cos 30 + u + t cos 30 -
0.87 + 0 + t 0.87 +
+ t 0.87
( tekan)
s
s
+ d sin 30 - s
+ d 0.50 + 350
+ d 0.50
( tekan)
( tekan)
e cos 30
200 0.87
30
0.87
perhitungan gaya batang (beban mati)
P4 (kg)
236
P3 (kg)
236
4
c
P2 (kg)
236
3
b
q
P1 (kg)
118 2 p
o
a n
m
1 l k
12 11 j 10
RVA
2. beban mati
qD = 136 kg/m2
qL = 100 kg
qD total = 236 kg/m2
beban pada buhul = 236 kg/m2
beban pada titik
= 118 kg/m2
tumpuan buhul
cek kestabilan b
M = 21 batang 1) RVA - P1 - l - a ( titik 1)
J = 12 titik
M = J
21 = 21
OK
MENGHITUNG REAKSI -0.50
∑MB = 0 -
= 708 kg tarik
RVA
= 7.08 kN
∑MA = 0
= 708 kg tarik
RVB
= 7.08 kN
PERHITUNGAN GAYA DALAM DAN LUAR
gaya luar 2) l - m - k ( titik 12 )
RVA - P1- P2 - P3 - P4 - P5 - P6 - P7 - RVB
RVA + RVB = ΣP
1417 = 1417
OK
gaya dalam (kg)
batang tekan tarik
a = -1653 -
b = -472 -
c = -1653 -
d = -1653 -
e = -472 - 3) P2 - a - m - n - b (titik 2
f = -1653 -
g = - 722.98
h = - 722.98
i = - 722.98
j = - 722.98 -0.5
k = - 722.98
l = - 722.98
m = 0 0
n = -1181 -
o = -590.25 -
p = -1862.07 -
q = - 236.10 -0.87
r = -1862.07 -
s = -590.25 - 4) k - n - o - j (titik 11)
t = -1181 -
u = 0 0
5) P3 - b - o - p - c (titik 3)
-0.50
-0.87
mati)
P5 (kg)
236
d P6 (kg)
236
5
e
r P7 (kg)
6 118
s
t f
u
7
i h g
9 8
RVB
ΣH = 0
= RVA + a cos 30 + l
= 708 + -1653 0.87 + l
= -722.98 + l
l = 722.98 ( tarik )
2) l - m - k ( titik 12 ) 7) g - u - h (titik 8)
ΣH = 0
= - l + k
= -722.98 + k
k = 722.98 ( tarik )
ΣV = 0
= - l + m + k
= -722.98 + m + 722.9819
= 0 + m
m = 0
3) P2 - a - m - n - b (titik 2 )
ΣV = 0
= P2 + b sin 30 - m
= 236 + b 0.50 - 0
= 236 + b 0.50
b = 236
b = -472 ( tekan )
ΣH = 0
= -a cos 30 - m + n
= 1653 0.87 - 0 + n
= 1022.35 + n 0.87
n = 1022.35
n = -1181 ( tekan )
4) k - n - o - j (titik 11)
ΣH = 0
= - k + j
= - 722.9819 + j
j = 722.98 ( tarik )
ΣV = 0
= - k - n sin 30 -
= - 722.9819 + 1181 0.50 -
= -590.25 - o
o = -590.25 ( tekan )
5) P3 - b - o - p - c (titik 3)
ΣV = 0
= P3 + c sin 30 - o
= 236 + c 0.50 + 590.25
= 826 + c 0.50
c = 826.35
c = -1653 ( tekan )
ΣH = 0
= b cos 30 - o + p
= -472 0.87 + 590.25 + p
= 1612.60 - p 0.87
p = 1612.60
p = -1862.07 ( tekan )
11) P4 - d - q - c (titik 4)
ΣV =
=
=
q =
6) RVB - P7 - f - g (titik 7)
ΣV = 0
= RVB + f sin 30 +
= 708 + f 0.50 +
= 826.4 + f 0.50
-0.50 f = 826.4
f = -1653 ( tekan )
ΣH = 0
= RVB - f cos 30 +
= 708 + -1653 0.87 +
= -722.98 + g
g = 722.98 ( tarik )
7) g - u - h (titik 8)
ΣH = 0
= - g + h
= -722.98 + h
h = 722.98 ( tarik )
ΣV = 0
= - g + u + h
= -722.98 + u + 722.98
= 0 + u
u = 0
8) P6 - f - u - t - e (titik 6)
ΣV =
=
=
=
-0.5 e =
e =
ΣH =
cos 30 - b cos 30 =
0.87 + 472 0.87 =
=
-0.87 t =
t =
9) h - t - s - i (titik 9)
ΣH = 0
= - h +
= - 722.98 +
i = 722.98 ( tarik )
ΣV = 0
o - j = - h -
o + 722.98 = - 722.98 +
= -590.25 - s
s = -590.25 ( tekan )
10) P5 - e - s - r - d (titik 5)
ΣV =
=
=
=
-0.50 d =
d =
ΣH =
cos 30 - c cos 30 =
0.87 + 1653 0.87 =
=
-0.87 r =
r =
0
P4 + q
-236 + q
236 ( tarik )
P7
118
g
g
0
P6 + e sin 30 - u
236 + e 0.50 - 0
236 + e 0.50
236
-472 ( tekan )
0
f cos 30 - u + t cos 30
1653 0.87 - 0 + t 0.87
1022.35 + t 0.87
1022.35
-1181 ( tekan )
i
i
t sin 30 - s - i
1181 0.50 - s + 722.98
0
P5 + d sin 30 - s
236 + d 0.50 + 590
826.35 + d 0.50
826.35
-1653 ( tekan )
0
e cos 30 - s + r cos 30
-472 0.87 + 590 + r 0.87
1612.60 - r 0.87
1612.60
-1862.07 ( tekan )
- e cos 30
+ 472 0.87
- d cos 30
+ 1653 0.87
perhitungan gaya batang (beban angin)
W4 (kg/m2)
115.47
W3 (kg/m2)
115.47
c
3
W2 (kg/m2)
115.47
b
2 p
W1 (kg/m2) o
115.47 a n
m
1 l k
12 11 j 10
RVA
3. beban angin
kemiringan (α) = 30 ⁰
jarak antar gording (a) = 1.92 m
panjang bentang (l) = 10 m
beban angin (Wa) = 30 kg/m2
koefisien angin tekan (c) = 0.2 -
koefisien angin hisap (c) = -0.4 -
beban angin tekan (W) = 115.47 kg/m2
cek kestabilan
M = 21 batang
J = 12 titik
M = J
21 = 21
OK
MENGHITUNG REAKSI
∑MB = 0
= 115.47 kg tarik
RVA
= 1.15 kN
∑MA = 0
= -577.35 kg tekan
RVB
= -5.77 kN
PERHITUNGAN GAYA DALAM DAN LUAR
gaya luar
RVA - W1 - W2 - W3 - W4 - W'4 - W'3 - W'2 - W'1 - RVB
RVA + RVB = ΣP
-461.88 = -461.88
OK
gaya dalam (kg)
batang tekan tarik
a = -461.88 -
b = -230.94 -
c = -1057.09 -
d = -497.61 -
e = -461.88 -
f = - 692.82
g = - 1177.35
h = - 1177.35
i = - 1177.35
j = - 284.53
k = - 284.53
l = - 284.53
m = 0 0
n = -826.15 -
o = -413.08 -
p = -1421.37 -
q = - 346.41
r = -959.49 -
s = -17.86 -
t = -35.73 -
u = 0 0
ban angin)
W'4 (kg/m2)
-230.94
4 W'3 (kg/m2)
-230.94
d
5
W'2 (kg/m2)
-230.94
q e
r W'1 (kg/m2)
6
-230.94
s
t f
u
7
i h g
10 9 8
RVB
ΣH = 0
= RVA - a cos 30 +
= 115.47 + 461.88 0.87 +
= -284.53 + l
l = 284.53 ( tarik)
2) l - m - k ( titik 12 )
ΣH = 0
= - l + k
= -284.53 + k
k = 284.53 ( tarik)
ΣV = 0
= - l + m - k
= -284.53 + m + 284.53
= 0 + m
m = 0
3) W2 - a - m - n - b (titik 2 )
ΣV = 0
= W2 + b sin 30 -
= 115.47 + b 0.50 - 0
= 115.47 + b 0.50
-0.50 b = 115.47
b = -230.94 ( tekan )
ΣH = 0
= W2 - a cos 30 -
= 115.47 + 461.88 0.87 -
= 715.47 + n 0.87
-0.87 n = 715.47
n = -826.15 ( tekan )
4) k - n - o - j (titik 11)
ΣH = 0
= - k + j
= -284.53 + j
j = 284.53 ( tarik)
ΣV = 0
= - n sin 30 + o
= 826.1537 0.50 + o
= 413.08 + o
o = -413.08 ( tekan )
5) W3 - b - o - p - c (titik 3)
ΣV = 0
= W3 + c sin 30 -
= 115.47 + c 0.50 +
= 529 + c 0.50
-0.50 c = 529
c = -1057.0938 ( tekan )
ΣH = 0
= W3 - b cos 30 +
= 115.47 + 230.94 0.87 +
= 1230.94 + p 0.87
-0.87 p = 1230.94
p = -1421.37 ( tekan )
11) W4 - d - q - c - W'4 (titik 4)
ΣV
q
W'1 (kg/m2)
6) RVB - W'1 - f - g (titik 7)
ΣV = 0
W1 = RVB +
115.47 = -577.35 +
= -346.41 +
-0.50 f = -346.41
f = 692.82 ( tarik )
ΣH = 0
l = RVB -
l = -577.35 -
= -1177.35 -
g = 1177.35 ( tarik )
7) g - u - h (titik 8)
ΣH = 0
= - g + h
= -1177.35 + h
h = 1177.35 ( tarik)
ΣV = 0
= - g + u -
= 1177.35 + u - 1177.35
= 0 + u
u = 0
m + n cos 30 - b cos
0 + n 0.87 + 230.94 0.87
9) h - t - s - i (titik 9)
ΣH = 0
= -
= -
i = 1177.35
ΣV = 0
= -
=
= 17.86
s = -17.86
o
413.08
p cos 30 - c cos 30
p 0.87 + 1057.09 0.87
d - q - c - W'4 (titik 4)
= 0
= -W4 + q + W'4
= -115.47 + q + -230.94
= 346.41 ( tarik)
f sin 30 - W'1
f 0.50 + 230.94
f 0.50
f cos 30 + g
692.82 0.87 + g
g
8) W'2 - f - u - t - e (titik 6)
ΣV = 0
= -W'2 + e sin 30
= 230.94 + e 0.50 -
= 230.94 + e 0.50
-0.5 e = 230.94
e = -461.88 ( tekan )
ΣH = 0
30 = -W'2 - f cos 30
0.87 = 230.94 - 692.82 0.87
= 30.94 + t 0.87
-0.87 t = 30.94
t = -35.73 ( tekan )
h + i
1177.35 + i
( tarik)
t sin 30 + s
35.73 0.50 + s
+ s
( tekan )
10) W'3 - e - s - r - d (titik 5)
ΣV = 0
= -W'3 + d sin 30
= 230.94 + d 0.50
= 248.80 + d 0.50
-0.50 d = 248.80
d = -497.61 ( tekan )
ΣH = 0
= -W'3 - e cos 30
= 230.94 - -461.88 0.87
= 830.94 + r 0.87
-0.87 r = 830.94
r = -959.49 ( tekan )
- u
0
- u + t cos 30 - e cos
- 0 + t 0.87 + 461.88 0.87
- s
+ 17.86
+ r cos 30 - d cos 30
+ r 0.87 + 497.61 0.87
30
0.87
kombinasi pembebanan
beban hidup
gaya dalam (kg) ga
batang tekan tarik batang
a = -500 - a
b = -200 - b
c = -500 - c
d = -500 - d
e = -200 - e
f = -500 - f
g = - 433 g
h = - 433 h
i = - 433 i
j = - 433 j
k = - 433 k
l = - 433 l
m = 0 0 m
n = -700 - n
o = -350 - o
p = -700 - p
q = - 100 q
r = -700 - r
s = -350 - s
t = -700 - t
u = 0 0 u
Pu
16711.74
beban mati b
gaya dalam (kg) ga
batang tekan tarik batang
a = -1653 - a
b = -472 - b
c = -1653 - c
d = -1653 - d
e = -472 - e
f = -1653 - f
g = - 722.98 g
h = - 722.98 h
i = - 722.98 i
j = - 722.98 j
k = - 722.98 k
l = - 722.98 l
m = 0 0 m
n = -1181 - n
o = -590.25 - o
p = -1862.07 - p
q = - 236 q
r = -1862.07 - r
s = -590.25 - s
t = -1181 - t
u = 0 0 u
b
q
2 p
o
a n
m
1 l k
12 11 j 10
sambungan dengan baut
titik simpul = 12
kemiringan = 30 ⁰
k
batang tersimpul =
j
nama baut = 1/2"
diameter paku = 12.7 mm
panjang paku
berat jenis kayu = 0.86
kuat tumpu kayu (interpolasi) (Fem) = 62.89 N/mm2
q e
r
6
s
t f
u
7
i h g
10 9 8
tekan
tekan
tekan
tekan
tekan
tekan
keterangan
tekan
tekan
tekan
tekan