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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Executive Summary..........................................................5 2. Indias Foreign Trade an Overview................................8 3. Structure of Indian Industry...........................................11
a) Tea and Coffee...................................................................13 b) Sugar...................................................................................16 c) Tobacco..............................................................................20 d) Beverage.............................................................................21 e) Leather................................................................................23 f) Gems & Jewellery..............................................................25 g) Cement................................................................................28 h) Textile.................................................................................31 i) Iron & Steel........................................................................34 j) Aluminum & Copper..........................................................36 k) Machinery...........................................................................38 l) Plastic.................................................................................40 m) Organic and In-Organic Chemical......................................42 n) Fertilizer.............................................................................43 o) Pharmaceutical...................................................................44 p) Cosmetic.............................................................................45 q) Electronic Goods................................................................48 4. Findings.............................................................................51 5. Bibliography......................................................................56 6. Annexure...........................................................................57 a) Table 1: Export of India Country-wise for the year 2003-04 and 2004-05
b) Table 2: Export of India Country-wise for the year 2005-06 and 2006-07 up to September c) Table 3: Import of India Country-wise for the year 2003-04 and 2004-05 d) Table 4: Import of India Country-wise for the year 2005-06 and 2006-07 up to September
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
For decades after independence in 1947, India embarked on a program of autarky (national economic self-sufficiency) which included import substitution policies. By 1991, however, a sluggish economy combined with the forces of globalization led to a more open Indian economy. There was simultaneously a gradual rise in exports, imports, foreign direct investment (FDI), and overall economic growth. In the 1990s, exports of goods and services rose from 6.2 percent to 8.2 percent of total output. By the end of the decade, however, growth in exports began to level off due to reduced international demand, especially with India's main economic partners, the United States and the European Union (EU). Indian exports were further hit by serious competition from east Asian countries, which had recently experienced depreciated domestic currencies, which led to a decline in global prices for their manufactured goods. As a result, exports of Indian textiles, chemicals, machinery, electronic goods, and automotive parts all began to decline. As compared to a couple of decades earlier, however, the size of India's foreign trade has noticeably expanded, both in absolute terms and relative to the country's GDP. Exports have again picked up since 1999, when they showed a 13 percent growth. Imports have also ballooned, showing an average of 20 percent growth per year during 1992-2000. Total exports in 2001 are expected to be near US$46 billion and total imports at US$51 billion. Petroleum constitutes the largest import item at more than US$6 billion and accounts for 14 percent of total imports in 1999. Petroleum imports may be as high as US$17 billion in 2001. Gems and jewelry constitute the single largest export item, accounting for 16 percent of exports and earning about US$4.5 billion in 1999. The top 3 export destinations of Indian goods were the United States, Britain, and Germany, which together constituted one-third of total Indian exports in 1999. In turn, the top 3 import sources were the United States, Britain, and Belgium, together constituting 21 percent of total imported items.
Indian economy grew in 2006/07 at a pace that was stronger than most had expected. The surge (of 20 per cent plus) in merchandise imports has continued into its fifth year. Although merchandise exports have also grown at a similar pace, given that imports are considerably larger than exports, the merchandise trade deficit has
7 continued to expand. In 2005/06 the merchandise trade deficit rose to (US) $46 billion, compared to $14 billion a couple of years ago (2003/04).
It is estimated that in 2006/07, merchandise exports will increase to $126 billion and imports to $186 billion, thereby leaving merchandise trade deficit of $60 billion. These estimates are compatible with the data releases of the Director General of Commercial Intelligence & Statistics (DGCI&S).
Export Industry-wise data for April-December 2006 revealed that exports of primary products and manufactured products recorded a moderation in growth, while, petroleum products maintained the growth momentum. Engineering goods, which accounted for 34.9 per cent of manufactured exports, continued to remain as the growth driver of exports.
The moderation in the exports of primary products during April-December 2006 was due to the decline in the exports of iron ore and cashew and also the deceleration in wheat, rice and marine products. At the same time, exports of traditional agricultural products such as sugar, raw cotton, tea, coffee, tobacco, spices and oil meal registered strong growth.
In the manufactured exports, with the exception of engineering goods, all the other major items (chemicals, gems and jewellery and textiles) showed a moderation in export growth. Engineering goods recorded a growth of 38.0 per cent during AprilDecember 2006 (33.4 per cent a year ago) mainly due to the strong export performance of machinery and instruments, and iron and steel. These two items together contributed to 46 per cent of the growth in the exports of engineering goods. The US, the UAE, Germany and Italy were the major markets for these products.
Gems and jeweler exports recorded a marginal growth (0.4 per cent) during AprilDecember 2006 as against 19.7 per cent registered a year ago. Exports of chemicals and related products showed a deceleration in growth during April-December 2006.
8 Import Indias merchandise imports posted a growth of 27.8 per cent during April-February 2006-07 (32.7 per cent a year ago) with the imports of petroleum, oil and lubricants (POL) showing some moderation, while non-oil imports maintained the growth momentum. Industry-wise analysis shows that the imports of capital goods during April-December 2006 at 36.2 per cent showed a moderation in growth (41.0 per cent in the corresponding period a year ago). However, within the capital goods, electrical machinery and electronic goods maintained high growth. Exports of mainly export related items showed a decline during April-December 2006 with imports of chemicals, and textile yarn showing a deceleration in growth and pearls, precious and semi-precious stones and cashew nuts registering a decline. Source-wise, China was the major source of imports during April-December 2006, accounting for 9.4 per cent of total imports, followed by Saudi Arabia (7.6 per cent), the US (5.7 per cent), UAE (4.8 per cent) and Iran (4.2 per cent). Region-wise imports from OPEC countries showed marked rise during April-December 2006, mainly reflecting imports of POL (for the previous year, country-wise break up of oil imports was not furnished by DGCI&S).
Figure 1.1
10
Export
Major part of Indias export goes to USA followed by United Arab Emirate and China as shown in figure 1.2. In the FY2006 India export to USA of US $ 17,353.06 Million and having a share of 17% of total Indias export (table a) and China with 8.3% share at the second place.2
Export:Country-wise
JAPAN ITALY BELGIUM GERMANY UK HONG KONG SINGAPORE CHINA U ARAB USA 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Country
2005-06 2004-05
%Share
2004-05 %Share
16.4788 8.7961 6.7227 4.7891 4.4194 4.4066 3.3833 3.0043 2.7365 2.5473
2005-06 %share
16.8328 8.3342 5.2626 6.5565 4.9076 4.3373 3.4786 2.4435 2.7852 1.4811
2 3
11
Import
USA is the biggest importer for India, UAE and Germany are at second and third place respectively. In Figure 1.3 Import from USA was US $ 9,454 million in
Import: C ountry-w ise
30,000 25,000 20,000
US $ M illion15,000 2004-05
10,000 5,000 0
U N SP E C IF IE D C HIN A U S A S W IT Z E R LA N D U A E B E LG IU M T rad e to G E R M A N Y U ST R A LIA A U nsp ecif ied C o untries U K
2005-06
Country
FY2006.
USA holds the major share in Indias total import i.e. 6.5%.as shown in figure 1.4.
Import: Country-wise
25
20
U N SPE C IF IE D C HIN A
U S A SW IT ZE R LA N D U A E
B E LG IU M
U K
Country
www.dgft.delhi.nic.in
12
Import
BULK IMPORTS Cereals & Preparations Rice Wheat Other cereals Preparations Fertilizers Crude Sulphur & Un-roasted pyrites Manufactured Edible Oil Sugar Pulp & waste paper Paper board & mfrs Newsprint Crude rubber Non-ferrous metals Metalliferrous ores & products Iron & Steel Petroleum crude & products PEARLS, PRECIOUS & SEMI-PRECIOUS STONES MACHINERY Machine Tools Machinery other than electrical Electrical machinery Transport equipment PROJECT GOODS OTHERS Cashew Nuts Fruits & Nuts Wool raw Silk raw Synthetic ..fibers Pulses Raw Hides & Skins Leather Coal,coke&briquettes Non-metallic minerals, manufacture . Other crude minerals Organic Inorganic chemicals. Dyeing, tanning material.
13
SPORTS GOODS CHEMICALS & RELATED PRODUCTS Basic chemicals, Pharma & cosmetics Plastics & Linoleum Rubber, glass & other products Residual chemicals allied products ENGINEERING GOODS Machinery Machine tools Machinery & Instruments Transport equipments Iron & Steel Iron & Steel Bar rod etc Primary & semi-finished iron & steel Other Engineering Items Ferro Alloys Aluminum other than products Non ferrous metals Manufacture of metals Residual Engineering items ELECTRONIC GOODS Electronics Computer Software in physical form PROJECT GOODS TEXTILES Readymade garments Cotton, yarn, fabrics, made-ups etc Manmade textiles & made-ups etc Natural Silk textiles Wool & woolen mfrs Coir & coir mfrs Jute mfrs HANDICRAFTS CARPETS Hand-made excl silk Mill-made excl silk Silk carpets COTTON RAW INCL WASTE PETROLEUM PRODUCTS UNCLASSIFIED EXPORTS Medicinal & Pharma products. Artf.resins, etc. Chemical products Other Textile yarn, fabrics, etc Manufactures of metals Profile. instruments, etc. Electronic goods Wood and wood products Gold & Silver Tea Woolen Yarn and Fabrics Cotton yarn and fabrics Man made f'mnt spun yarn Made up textile articles Ready made garments (wov.) Silk yarn and fabrics Milk & Cream Spices Oil seeds Jute raw Woolen & Cotton rags Veg. & animal fats Cotton raw and waste Essential oils & Casper Cement Computer Soft. physical form Other Commodities
14
15
905.11 591.74
628,617.75 383,254.63
Table 2: Showing the Export of Tea and Coffee Industry from India in past years
Year
Figure 1.6 Showing the Indias export of Tea and Coffee in value Above chart showing the continuous increase in export of tea and coffee in value from India in last three years and forecasting is also reflecting the same. And figure 1.6 shows the export in volume.
Year
Figure 1.7 Showing the Indias export of Tea and Coffee in Volume
16 In spite of accounting for around 27% of world's tea production, India accounts for only 12% of world's tea exports. India's international competitiveness in tea exports has been on a decline. From being a pre-eminent supplier of the world's tea, India has lost ground in virtually every export market. In the early 1980s, Indian tea exports accounted for around 40% of the domestic production. By the end of 1980s, the share of the tea exports fell to 30%. The decline continued till 1994 when exports accounted for only 20% of the domestic production of tea. Thereafter, the proportion of exports improved to around 24% of the domestic production during 2003. In recent years, the tea industry has accounted for a declining share of gross bank credit (GBC) of scheduled commercial banks (SCBs). With GBC of Rs. 13.55 billion in March 2005, the tea industry accounted for 0.37% of industry GBC of SCBs in March 2005, as compared with 1.08% in March 1995.
17
www.icra.in
18 India was the worlds second largest producer of sugar during 2005-06. Although the raw material cost (estimated to account for 75% of the operating cost of the sugar manufacturers) is regulated in the Indian sugar industry, scale economies do have the potential of affecting the operating cost structures of sugar manufacturers.
Export of Sugar
1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0
Qty in Thousand
Sugar
2003
2004 Year
2005
Indias sugar exports are expected to decline during FY2007 because of the July 2006 notification by the GoI to ban sugar exports till March 2007. The ban would, however, not be applicable to sugar exports on preferential quota to the US and the EU. Sugar exports to the US and the EU would be permitted only through the Indian Sugar Exim Corporation Ltd.
Export of Sugar
600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2003 2004 Year 2005 2006 upto Sep. Sugar
Value in US $ Million
19
Sugar
2,000,000 1,500,000 Qty in Thousand 1,000,000 500,000 0 2003 2004 Year
Figure1.9 Showing the Import of sugar in Volume
Sugar
2005
Indias sugar imports declined significantly during FY2001-03 because of rising domestic availability and increase in customs duties. However, imports increased during FY2004 and FY2005, because of lower domestic supply. In order to augment sugar stocks for 2004-05 and enable the Government to meet the normative 3 months consumption requirement of the country, the Advance License (AL) Scheme was liberalized for raw sugar import, in as much as the imported raw sugar under AL can be now processed into white sugar, sold in the domestic market, and allowing such importers to fulfill export obligation within 24 months period or such extended period as allowed by exporting indigenously manufactured white sugar.7
Sugar
300 250 200 Value in 150 US $ Million 100 50 0 2003 2004 Year
Figure 1.10 Showing the Import of Sugar in Value
Sugar
2005
DGCI&S, GOI
20
21 those 18 countries do tobacco exports account for more than five percent of total export earnings. Export of tobacco from India has increase in the FY2005 and FY2006 after the decline in the FY2004.
Tobacco
180,000 160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0
Volume in Quantity
Tobacco
35 0 30 0 25 0 20 0 15 0 10 0 5 0 0
Value in U $M S illion
T ba o cco
200 3
20 04 Y ear
20 05
20 6 upto 0 Sep.
Beverage industrys export of India is growing with the rate of 13-16% p.a. as shown in the table b. Both in the term of volume and value it is becoming the important to the Indian economy
22
Year
2003 2004 2005 2006 up to Sep.
Value in US $ Million
27.22 31.63 58.32 30.09
Table b: Showing the Export of Indian Beverage Industry over the last few years
Some sectors which have recorded Moderate and single digit growth are Food & Beverage (8%) , Bread (7.5%), Bread/ Organized (8%) , Culinary products/Snack food(8%),Fruits and vegetables(5%) , Milk and Dairy products (4.5%), Milk (4.5) , Milk liquid /packaged(5%), Milk Products(8%), Milk powder including infant milk(7%), Ghee(5.5%),Cheese/ Panner(8%) , Chocolates (8%), Sugar Confectionary/Gums(4%) , Health Beverages/Malted Food(8%) , Tea (7%) .
23
Beverage
2005
24
India has a 2.32 per cent share in the global leather trade and ranks eighth in the world in terms of the countrys foreign exchange earnings from the industry. The composition of exports has also been changing, with more and more value added products being exported. In 2004-05, for example, value added finished products constituted around 80 per cent of the total exports from the industry. India has plans to double its leather exports over the next 5 years. It has been estimated that India has the capacity to meet nearly 10 per cent of global leather requirement.
The Indian leather industry comprises the following key sub-sectors - tanning and finishing, footwear, footwear components, leather garments and leather goods and accessories. A large part (nearly 60-65 per cent) of the production is done by the small/cottage sector.
Leather and leather products production is centred in southern, northern and eastern India. Key production units are located in Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana and Delhi. Tamil Nadu is the biggest leather exporter in the country with the south accounting for 43 per cent of the
25 countrys share. The industry uses primarily indigenous natural resources with little dependence on imported resources.
Leather 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 upto Sep. Year 2008 2009
2008
2009
In the above charts we can see the export of leather industry is varying in both the volume and value, but in the value term it is increasing in a constant manner and volume-wise it will fluctuate in the future also.
26
27 With the increase in exports in recent years, the GJ industry has also accounted for an increased share of gross bank credit (GBC) of scheduled commercial banks (SCBs). With GBC of Rs. 198.66 billion in March 2006, the industry accounted for 3.61% of
2006 upto Sep. 2005 2004 2003 0 5,000 10,000 US $ Million 15,000 20,000 Gems and Jewellery
industry GBC of SCBs in March 2006, as compared with 2.7% in March 2000.
Figure 1.17 Showing the export of Gems and Jewellery in value
Year
2006 upto Sep. 2005 2004 2003 0 50,000 100,000 Qty in thousand
Figure 1.18 Showing the export of Gems and Jeweler in Volume
Year
150,000
200,000
Figure 1.16 and 1.17 shows the export of Gems and Jewellery from the FY2003, in spite of being a precious commodity its export has decline in past few years in term of volume but value is increasing in the same manner as volume is decreasing. This decrease in volume is of in these years diamond is exported maximum as compared with other stones and gold, and diamond is much costly than other stones and gold. Future growth in gold jewellery business is likely to driven by increased exports to US and other markets, and domestic consumption. Although domestic consumption has
28 increased in 2003-05, consumption per capita is still very low, reflecting the high proportion of the rural population and the social infrastructure of the country (the rural population accounts for approximately 65-70% of domestic gold demand). Although exports of gold jewellery have increased from Rs. 52.20 billion during FY2001 to Rs. 170.15 billion during FY2006, the export business has been constrained by an inability to compete in global markets on basis of price and superior design capabilities.
29
30 production-has grown significantly over the past three decades, with production increasing at an average rate of 8.1% per year between 1981 and 2004-05. In recent years, the cement sector has accounted for a declining share of gross bank credit (GBC) of scheduled commercial banks (SCBs), largely because of decline in credit during FY2004. With GBC of Rs. 61.12 billion in March 2005, the cement industry accounted for 1.67% of industry GBC of SCBs in March 2005, as compared with 1.81% in March 2000. The Indian cement industry exported around 6 mt of cement during FY2006, accounting for around 4% of the total production. There has been a significant year on year variation in the export trend, implying that Companies rely on cement exports to balance out the domestic demand supply situation. Because of increased overseas demand, cement exports increased from 4.07 mt in FY2005 to 6.01 mt during FY2006. However, increased domestic demand resulted in clinker exports declining from 5.99 mt to 3.18 mt.
Figure 1.19 showing the export of Cement
As cement is a low value, high bulk commodity, freight cost becomes a significant factor in determining the landed cost of cement. This has resulted in a very low volume of international trade in cement. World cement trade has averaged just around 6-7% of the total production. Although, world trade in cement is limited because of high freight costs, there are countries, which either import a significant share of their total consumption or export
31 a major share of their total production. Countries, which import a significant share of their consumption, appear to be falling in the developing world category, where the public expenditure on infrastructure projects is very high. The Middle East countries (although not falling in the developing world category) have huge requirements of cement because of construction work in projects in the oil sector. Also in these countries, unfavorable conditions (for example, inadequate cement limestone reserves) have discouraged cement capacity creation. Countries, which export a large share of their domestic production, appear to be having one thing in common. Countries with high export thrust opt for bulk transportation for exporting cement. For example, by opting for bulk transportation, Greece is in a position to export over 50% of its cement production. Bulk transportation leads to significant advantages such as savings in freight costs and packing costs, avoidance of transit loss, adulteration, pilferage, bursting of bags and damage to cement.
32
The past two decades have also witnessed a significant growth in the exports of textile goods and readymade garments from India. However, even now, India has a mere 3.3% share of the global trade of US$450 billion in textiles and clothing; the figure for India was as low as 1.8% in 1980. Exports of textiles and textiles products witnessed an acceleration during April 2005-January 2006 (10MFY2006), led by strong demand in the major markets of the US and Europe. Exports increased 22.2% (year on year or yoy) to US$13.06 billion during April 2005-January 2006.
Figure 1.20 Showing the Indias Exports of Textiles and Textiles Products and Share of Total Exports
33 The failure to provide quality value-added fabrics and garments and the near absence of contemporary designing facilities as also quota constraints are some of the major causes for India producing low value added yarns and fabrics, even as other countries have moved up the value chain. The Indian textile and clothing market is estimated to be Rs. 2.15 trillion during 2004. While the domestic market accounts for 61%, the technical textiles accounts for around 9%. The balance 30% is exported in the international market. The ratio of usage of cotton to man-made fibers/filament yarn was around 56:44 in FY2005. The manmade fiber (MMF) industry comprises fiber and filament yarn manufacturing units of cellulosic and non-cellulosic origin. The value added by manmade fibers (MMF) sector accounts for around Rs. 55 billion or 0.2% of GDP. The sector contributes excise duties of around Rs. 23 billion to the exchequer, which is around 3.5% of the total excise duties. The total assets in the sector are estimated to be around Rs.100 billion. In the last downturn, some companies were also referred to the Board of Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR). The MMF sector is also a critical enabler of a large export earnerthe textiles industry. Further, the downstream textiles industry also provides large-scale employment. As of end-September 2005, the employment in the cotton/MMF textile industry was 0.95 million. In the cotton dominated Indian textile industry, manmade fibres account for an around 44% share as against 50% globally. However, in FY2005, with large volumes of cotton being exported in various forms of textiles and apparel (accounting for nearly 43% of the domestic cotton production), the share of manmade fibres in the domestic textiles market stood at over 50%.
34
Figure 1.21 Showing Indias Manmade Fibre, Yarn, Fabrics, and Madeups and Share of Total Exports
Another part of textile industry is wool and man made staple fabrics which plays an important role in Indias total export Figure 1.21 shows the export of wool and man made staple fabrics.
Export of Wool and Man-Made Staple Fabrics
500,000 400,000 Qty in Thousands 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 upto Sep. Wool Man-Made Staple Fabrics
Year
Figure 1.22 Showing the export of wool and man-made staples from India
35
36
Year
Figure 1.23 showing the export of iron and steel from India
37
38
Year
Figure 1.24 showing the export of aluminum and copper
39
40
Machinery
2003
2004 Year
2005
41
Amongst various plastic productsfilms, plates and sheets accounted for largest share of over 40% during FY2004 (refer following figure). Plastic products for packaging
42 (apart from films etc.) accounted for a share of 27% which includes woven sacks that accounted for 13% of the total plastic product exports. Though Indian exports of plastic products have increased over the past decade, Indian exports of plastic products, however, still continue to account for a minuscule share in the world trade (only around 0.47%). The low presence of the organized large-scale sector and consequently, low economies of scale prevent Indian players from becoming cost competitive in the international market.
43
Figure 1.28 is showing the export of organic and in-organic chemicals from India
Figure 1.29 is showing the export of organic and in-organic chemicals in volume
44
The increased exports of pesticides in recent years is primarily because of the reduction in pesticide production in developed countries, and the shift in pesticide production from the developed countries to developing countries. India is one of the largest producers of pesticides in Asia. Total world pesticide exports from all countries increased from US$10.27 billion in 2002 to US$12.42 billion in 2003, caused by higher pesticide usage. Amongst the developing countries, India is the second-largest exporter of pesticides, behind China. India accounted for 3% of the world export of pesticides in 2003, as compared with 5.9% for China. In terms of market share of exports of various pesticide products, Indian exports of insecticides aggregated US$313 million during 2003, accounting for 10.4% of total worldwide insecticide exports of US$3,011 million. Indias share has declined from 11.4% during 2002.
45
46
Pharmaceutical Volume Qty in Thousand 4,000.00 3,500.00 3,000.00 2,500.00 2,000.00 1,500.00 1,000.00 500.00 0.00 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006 up to Sep.
Pharmaceutical
Year
Figure 1.31 Showing the Export of Pharma Products
47 Even with double-digit growth rates, the market penetration of cosmetics and toiletries products in India is very low. Current per capita expenditure on cosmetics is approximately $0.68 cents, as compared to $36.65 in other Asian countries. This low market penetration for cosmetics and personal care products in India can be viewed as an opportunity for more significant growth down the road in this country of 1 billion people. The current size of Indias cosmetic and toiletries market is about $950 million. The fastest growing segment is color cosmetics, accounting for around $60 million of the total market. Nail enamels and lipstick account for about round 65 percent of the color cosmetic segment. Revlon and LOreal dominate the small premium lipsticks and nail enamels niches. Lipstick sales account for nearly a third of the market at $21 million, while the market for nail enamels is about $23 million. Lakme, a brand originally introduced by the Tata Group of India, but now owned by Hindustan Lever (HLL) of the Unilever group, Tips & Toes, and Revlon dominate the color cosmetics market. The color cosmetics segment is very competitive and has a high penetration level, compared to other market segments. The toiletries market segment in India is well developed and dominated by multinational companies and a few large Indian companies. This segment is also characterized by high entry barriers, a high rate of new product launches, and high advertising expenditures. Bath and shower products account for the largest share of the toiletries market segment. The toiletries segment can be divided into two categories: the less price sensitive niche and highly brand conscious, premium niche. The price sensitive niche caters to the middle and lower middle class and the premium niche caters to the urban and higher class.
48
2007
2008
2009
2007
2008
2009
Export of Cosmetic Industry is growing continuously in volume since FY2003, but in value it was a little shift in the FY2004 but in FY2005 it jumped and increase by $ 40 million in table d.
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Value (US$ Million) 317.57 296.77 436.03 459.34 518.57 599.86 641.13
49 The Electronics industry has emerged as the fastest growing segment of the Indian industry both in terms of production and exports. This growth has had significant economic and social impacts. Today the local and global impact of the electronics industry has been due to its modern incarnation viz., the Information Technology (IT) Industry. By definition the IT industry includes the hardware backbone from the electronics industry and software. The consumer durables industry appears to have two clearly differentiated segments. The MNCs have an edge over their Indian counterparts in terms of technology combined with a steady flow of capital. The domestic companies compete on the basis of their well-acknowledged brands, an extensive distribution network and an insight into local market conditions. Demand is Cyclical and seasonal. Demand is high during festive season and is generally dependent on good monsoons. Purchase necessarily is done only during the harvest, festive and wedding seasons April to June and October to November in North India and October to February in the South. Rural India, which accounts for nearly 70% of the total number of households, offers plenty of scope and opportunities for the white goods industry. The urban consumer durable market for products including TV is growing annually by 7 to 10 % whereas the rural market is zooming ahead at around 25 % annually. Increasing consumer awareness and preference for new models have added to the demand. Products like air conditioners are no longer perceived as luxury products but are treated as necessities in the changed socio-economic environment with changed life styles.
Export:Electronic Goods Industry
2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003
0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,0002,000,0002,500,0003,000,0003,500,0004,000,0004,500,000
Year
Figure 1.29 shows the export of electronic industry, in last few years electronic goods and consumer durables industry has shown a great increase in export, because companies like Sansui, Samsung, Whirlpool, LG has set up there manufacturing plant in India and they are exporting these good from India to the neighboring countries and
50 other western countries. This shows that this growth rate will continue due to great participation of real estate industry. Same as in table f we can see the increasing value of electronic goods industry.
Table f: Showing the Export of Electronic Goods Industry in Value
Value (US$ Million) 1,899.06 2,071.68 2,767.55 3,114.59 3,694.18 4,118.73 4,646.65
The sectors which have recorded excellent growth rates of more than 20 per cent in terms of quantity produced are Air Conditioners (25 per cent), Split Air Conditioners (42.6 per cent) Micro Wave Woven (27.3 per cent), DVDS (25 per cent) VCD/MP3 (20per cent), Color Picture Tube (23 per cent,). The sectors which have recorded high growth rates between 18 and 28 per cent in April-March 2004-05 over the corresponding previous period are Color Television (12%), Window Air Conditioners (18.8 per cent ), Washing Machines (18.1 per cent Watch (10%), Frost Free Refrigerators (13.8%). Some sectors which have recorded moderate growth of 0 to 10 per cent are refrigerators (5 per cent),), clock (8 per cent), Direct Cool Refrigerator (2.8 per cent). The sector recording negative growth is B&W TV (- 16.7%), The Refrigeration Industry has reached 3.9 million units in 2004-05 from 3.7 million units in the last year with a growth of 5 per cent. The Air-Conditioners Industry has reached at 1.2 million units during 2004-05 with a growth of 25 per cent from 9.8 lakh units in 2003-04. Washing Machines is estimated to have grown by 18.1 per cent from 1.35 million units in 2003-04 to 1.6 million units in 2004-05. Microwave oven has grown by 27.3 per cent growth with 3.5 lakh units compared to 2.75 lakh units in 2003-04. The Indian Color Television industry has grown by 12.1 per cent in 2004-05 by reaching 9.25 million units in 2004-05 from 8.25 million units in 2003-04. The B&W TV has recorded a negative growth of 16.7 per cent from 3 million units in2003-04 to 2.5 million units in 2004-05. Watch and clock have registered growth of 10 per cent and 8 per cent from 20.6 mn units and 26.3 million units in 2003-04 to 22.6 mn units and 28.4 mn units in 2004-05. The VCD/MP3 industry has registered 20% growth and has achieved production of 8.4 million units.
51 The unorganized sector has occupied a major share in manufacturing and supplying VCD/MP3. DVD Players have grown by 25 per cent in 2004-05 with the volume estimated to be 625000 units.
52
Findings
Major part of Indias export goes to USA followed by United Arab Emirate and China and this study shows this will also in the future as shown in figure 1.30.
E x p o rt: C o u n try -w is e
Indias Tea and Coffee industry has largest share in worlds export in its category, but then also it is losing its share during last few years and this fluctuation will also continue over the year. Tea and coffee industry depends on the monsoon and over the last few years the global warming has affected the monsoon and this may affect to the production of tea and coffee.
53
Year
Figure 1.36 Showing the export of Tea and coffee industry
Sugar Industry has seen great variation in both export and import, in India maximum sugar is produce in area of Uttar Pradesh and GOI has ban the export of sugar due to rise in price of sugar in world market and not having enough stock to meet the domestic consumption . This ban has its limitation up to march 2007, but ban does not include EU and USA. Tobacco is grown in more than 100 countries, just four countries (Brazil, China, India and the United States) account for two-thirds of total global production and only two countries, Malawi and Zimbabwe, are significantly dependent on export earnings from tobacco.1 Out of the 141 countries that export tobacco, only 18 derive more than one percent of their total export earnings from tobacco. In only four of those 18 countries do tobacco exports account for more than five percent of total export earnings. India is second largest export of the world and holds round 6.5% of total export of tobacco of the world. Beverage industrys export of India is growing with the rate of 13-16% p.a. as shown in the table b. Both in the term of volume and value it is becoming the important to the Indian economy.
54 The export of leather industry is varying in volume, but in the value term it is increasing in a constant manner and volume-wise it will fluctuate in the future also.
Export of Leather from India
300,000 250,000 200,000 Qty in thousand 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 upto Sep. Year 2007 2008 2009
Future growth in gold jewellery business is likely to driven by increased exports to US and other markets, and domestic consumption. Although domestic consumption has increased in 2003-05, consumption per capita is still very low, reflecting the high proportion of the rural population and the social infrastructure of the country (the rural population accounts for approximately 65-70% of domestic gold demand). As cement is a low value, high bulk commodity, freight cost becomes a significant factor in determining the landed cost of cement. This has resulted in a very low volume of international trade in cement. World cement trade has averaged just around 6-7% of the total production. Countries, which export a large share of their domestic production, appear to be having one thing in common. Countries with high export thrust opt for bulk transportation for exporting cement. For example, by opting for bulk transportation, Greece is in a position to export over 50% of its cement production. Bulk transportation leads to significant advantages such as savings in freight costs and packing costs, avoidance of transit loss, adulteration, pilferage, bursting of bags and damage to cement.
55 In the cotton dominated Indian textile industry, manmade fibres account for an around 44% share as against 50% globally. However, in FY2005, with large volumes of cotton being exported in various forms of textiles and apparel (accounting for nearly 43% of the domestic cotton production), the share of manmade fibers in the domestic textiles market stood at over 50%.As shown in
the chart below. Export of Iron and Steel in the FY 2005 was decline by 0.34% as compared with last year; The Indian Copper Industry has a moderate importance in the Indian Economy. While it has a number of application across several sectors (such as telecom, power, construction, transportation, handicraft, Engineering, Consumer durables, defense etc.) Indian companies have cost-advantage in production of heavy machinery and equipment, which result in significant potential for exports. During 2001-02, heavy engineering industry was facing a recession and the Index of Production of Capital Goods witnessed a decline of 3.4%. Low levels of demand forced many of the Indian heavy engineering companies to look beyond the domestic markets. As a result, the engineering goods sector has improved its export performance and contributed to 20.37% of total exports from the country during the period April 2004 to January 2005. Indian exports of plastic products have increased over the past decade, Indian exports of plastic products, however, still continue to account for a minuscule share in the world trade (only around 0.47%). The low presence of the
56 organized large-scale sector and consequently, low economies of scale prevent Indian players from becoming cost competitive in the international market. The increased exports of pesticides in recent years is primarily because of the reduction in pesticide production in developed countries, and the shift in pesticide production from the developed countries to developing countries. The pharmaceutical industry in India meets around 70% of the country's demand for bulk drugs, drug intermediates, pharmaceutical formulations, chemicals, tablets, capsules, orals and inventible. There are about 250 large units and about 8000 Small Scale Units, which form the core of the pharmaceutical industry in India (including 5 Central Public Sector Units). Indian Pharmaceutical industry has shown a high increase in export YoYas shown in figure 1.27. Export of Cosmetic Industry is growing continuously in volume since FY2003, but in value it was a little shift in the FY2004 but in FY2005 it jumped and increase by $ 40 million. Rural India, which accounts for nearly 70% of the total number of households, offers plenty of scope and opportunities for the white goods industry. The urban consumer durable market for products including TV is growing annually by 7 to 10 % whereas the rural market is zooming ahead at around 25 % annually.
57
Bibliography
A book on Indian Trade and Industry Classification, by Kumar and Garg. Published by BDP, Publishing year 2003 Hand book of the year 2003-2004, Reserve Bank of India, Study of Indian economy and foreign trade. http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/epic/site/imr-ri.nsf/en/gr126985e.html, www.strategis.ic.gc.ca National Stock Exchange, www.nseindia.com/members/directory/htm Bombay Stock Exchange, www.bseindia.com/directory/turnover/2003.nic www.dgft.delhi.nic.in www.indiamart.com www.jimtrade.com www.dgciskol.nic.in www.tradeinfo.com Center for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE), Andheri (East), Mumbai www.icra.in Balance of Payments Release of Dec. 29, 2006 and Statement 43, Indias Balance of Payments in Dollars, Monthly Bulletin, Reserve Bank of India, December 2006 and previous issues, www.rbi.org/monthlybulletin/bop Monthly Foreign Trade Statistics of India (principal commodities & countries), Imports and Exports & Reexports, Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence & Statistics, Government of India, September 2006, www.dgcis.kol.nic
58
Tables
Table 1: Export of India Country-wise in US $ Million for the year 2003-2004 to 2004-2005 with there share in the total export of the country and growth rate.
S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Country USA U ARAB EMTS CHINA P RP SINGAPORE HONG KONG UK GERMANY BELGIUM ITALY JAPAN FRANCE BANGLADESH PR NETHERLAND SRI LANKA DSR SAUDI ARAB SPAIN INDONESIA IRAN MALAYSIA KOREA RP ISRAEL SOUTH AFRICA THAILAND CANADA NEPAL TURKEY AUSTRALIA BRAZIL NIGERIA RUSSIA TAIWAN VIETNAM SOC REP SWITZERLAND PAKISTAN IR EGYPT A RP KENYA KUWAIT PHILIPPINES UNSPECIFIED MEXICO COLOMBIA SUDAN GREECE DENMARK OMAN 20032004 11,490.11 5,125.61 2,955.10 2,124.84 3,261.83 3,023.27 2,544.57 1,805.73 1,729.41 1,709.30 1,280.89 1,740.75 1,289.12 1,319.20 1,123.31 1,002.59 1,127.21 918.11 892.77 764.86 723.98 539.35 831.69 763.2 669.36 563.34 584.3 275.62 565.49 713.76 532.45 410.44 449.87 286.94 367.49 229.48 319.09 321.53 209.38 264.43 95.31 107.38 200.04 241.9 258.99 %Share 17.9975 8.0285 4.6287 3.3282 5.1091 4.7355 3.9857 2.8284 2.7089 2.6773 2.0063 2.7266 2.0192 2.0663 1.7595 1.5704 1.7656 1.4381 1.3984 1.198 1.134 0.8448 1.3027 1.1954 1.0484 0.8824 0.9152 0.4317 0.8858 1.118 0.834 0.6429 0.7046 0.4494 0.5756 0.3594 0.4998 0.5036 0.328 0.4142 0.1493 0.1682 0.3133 0.3789 0.4057 20042005 13,765.75 7,347.88 5,615.88 4,000.61 3,691.82 3,681.09 2,826.25 2,509.71 2,285.99 2,127.91 1,680.94 1,631.12 1,604.86 1,413.18 1,412.06 1,389.37 1,332.60 1,231.39 1,084.06 1,041.68 1,005.76 984.04 901.39 866.8 743.14 723.7 720.25 678.17 644.68 631.26 618.51 555.96 540.89 521.05 444.73 426.64 421.44 412.23 373.82 368.58 330.71 317.45 306.34 305.74 267.67 %Share 16.4788 8.7961 6.7227 4.7891 4.4194 4.4066 3.3833 3.0043 2.7365 2.5473 2.0122 1.9526 1.9212 1.6917 1.6904 1.6632 1.5952 1.4741 1.2977 1.247 1.204 1.178 1.079 1.0376 0.8896 0.8663 0.8622 0.8118 0.7717 0.7557 0.7404 0.6655 0.6475 0.6237 0.5324 0.5107 0.5045 0.4935 0.4475 0.4412 0.3959 0.38 0.3667 0.366 0.3204 %Growth 19.81 43.36 90.04 88.28 13.18 21.76 11.07 38.99 32.18 24.49 31.23 -6.3 24.49 7.12 25.71 38.58 18.22 34.12 21.43 36.19 38.92 82.45 8.38 13.57 11.02 28.47 23.27 146.05 14 -11.56 16.16 35.46 20.23 81.59 21.02 85.91 32.07 28.21 78.54 39.39 246.97 195.64 53.14 26.39 3.35
59
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 TOGO MAURITIUS SYRIA YEMEN REPUBLC SWEDEN ALGERIA PORTUGAL IRELAND QATAR UKRAINE ARGENTINA GHANA POLAND TANZANIA REP LIBYA AFGHANISTAN TIS BAHARAIN IS FINLAND IRAQ DJIBOUTI JORDAN KOREA DP RP AUSTRIA MYANMAR MOROCCO CHILE HUNGARY ROMANIA NORWAY COTE D' IVOIRE CONGO P REP NEW ZEALAND CZECH REPUBLIC BHUTAN KAZAKHSTAN MOZAMBIQUE UGANDA TUNISIA ANGOLA VENEZUELA SENEGAL PERU LEBANON SLOVENIA MALAWI PANAMA REPUBLIC ETHIOPIA GUINEA ZAMBIA KYRGHYZSTAN MALDIVES BENIN SOMALIA NIGER 46.98 203.02 201.46 217.55 219.88 122.15 169.89 150.93 128.44 110.27 87.33 182.67 134.21 175.78 18.73 145.47 111.63 111.27 75.17 73.67 150.99 158.75 106.38 89.64 87.72 83.02 91.87 47.79 75.69 98.11 61.27 85.97 88.02 89.49 74.81 69.14 87.73 68.16 70.55 21.13 26.74 38.01 59.05 36.19 38.21 54.55 80.43 35.12 39.86 38.2 42.34 52.71 40.11 36.66 0.0736 0.318 0.3156 0.3408 0.3444 0.1913 0.2661 0.2364 0.2012 0.1727 0.1368 0.2861 0.2102 0.2753 0.0293 0.2279 0.1748 0.1743 0.1177 0.1154 0.2365 0.2487 0.1666 0.1404 0.1374 0.13 0.1439 0.0749 0.1186 0.1537 0.096 0.1347 0.1379 0.1402 0.1172 0.1083 0.1374 0.1068 0.1105 0.0331 0.0419 0.0595 0.0925 0.0567 0.0598 0.0855 0.126 0.055 0.0624 0.0598 0.0663 0.0826 0.0628 0.0574 263.37 258.2 253.18 246.41 241.8 231.22 223.17 211.99 209.42 207.73 186.32 183.08 176.3 173.88 173.53 165.44 156.46 143.54 131.19 128.63 128.25 123.91 117.15 113.19 112.48 111.2 108.1 105.96 103.81 101.03 93.26 93.22 88 84.58 81.42 81.3 75.98 74.46 72.89 71.97 69.24 68.82 67.46 63.37 58.26 55.95 55.51 51.31 50.4 49.57 47.61 47.12 47.11 40.29 0.3153 0.3091 0.3031 0.295 0.2895 0.2768 0.2672 0.2538 0.2507 0.2487 0.223 0.2192 0.211 0.2082 0.2077 0.198 0.1873 0.1718 0.157 0.154 0.1535 0.1483 0.1402 0.1355 0.1347 0.1331 0.1294 0.1268 0.1243 0.1209 0.1116 0.1116 0.1053 0.1013 0.0975 0.0973 0.091 0.0891 0.0873 0.0862 0.0829 0.0824 0.0808 0.0759 0.0697 0.067 0.0664 0.0614 0.0603 0.0593 0.057 0.0564 0.0564 0.0482 460.56 27.18 25.67 13.27 9.97 89.28 31.36 40.45 63.04 88.39 113.35 0.22 31.36 -1.08 826.34 13.73 40.16 29 74.53 74.59 -15.06 -21.95 10.12 26.27 28.23 33.95 17.66 121.71 37.16 2.97 52.22 8.43 -0.03 -5.48 8.83 17.59 -13.4 9.23 3.32 240.68 158.94 81.05 14.24 75.09 52.48 2.56 -30.99 46.11 26.46 29.76 12.46 -10.59 17.44 9.9
60
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 GUATEMALA MADAGASCAR MALTA AZERBAIJAN LITHUANIA CYPRUS TRINIDAD FIJI IS GEORGIA CAMEROON BULGARIA MAURITANIA URUGUAY SLOVAK REP ZIMBABWE CROATIA ECUADOR SWAZILAND DOMINIC REP MALI UZBEKISTAN HONDURAS BURKINA FASO LIBERIA CAMBODIA SURINAME LATVIA COSTA RICA TURKMENISTAN GAMBIA PUERTO RICO PAPUA N GNA JAMAICA LESOTHO SIERRA LEONE ICELAND PARAGUAY LUXEMBOURG NICARAGUA SEYCHELLES BELARUS GABON ESTONIA HAITI UNION OF SERBIA & MONTENEGRO REUNION EL SALVADOR ERITREA RWANDA BOTSWANA CUBA BURUNDI ARMENIA 26.36 39.14 117.95 12.28 17.92 28.2 19.64 20.41 34.02 23.26 25.22 18.04 19.47 16.85 23.51 16.68 14.13 29.07 12.22 43.82 15.14 11.99 23.74 16.13 18.6 3.73 16.33 20.52 19.21 13.66 26.43 4.69 9.06 5.57 12.78 17.6 10.57 14.19 5.96 10.08 6.49 10.55 5.98 8.56 16.83 7.11 6.55 10.72 5.05 6.7 4.95 5.49 3.53 0.0413 0.0613 0.1847 0.0192 0.0281 0.0442 0.0308 0.032 0.0533 0.0364 0.0395 0.0283 0.0305 0.0264 0.0368 0.0261 0.0221 0.0455 0.0191 0.0686 0.0237 0.0188 0.0372 0.0253 0.0291 0.0058 0.0256 0.0321 0.0301 0.0214 0.0414 0.0073 0.0142 0.0087 0.02 0.0276 0.0166 0.0222 0.0093 0.0158 0.0102 0.0165 0.0094 0.0134 0.0264 0.0111 0.0103 0.0168 0.0079 0.0105 0.0078 0.0086 0.0055 37.84 36.12 31.5 30.79 30.6 29.38 28.92 28.59 26.8 26.7 24.76 24.71 24.51 23.86 23.45 22.85 22.71 22.27 22.04 21.69 21.35 21.31 21.1 18.3 18.13 17.58 17.42 16.48 15.26 14.89 14.67 14.28 13.43 13.41 13.12 12.91 12.01 11.64 11.38 10.62 10.61 10.36 10.24 10.18 9.25 9.2 8.89 8.44 8.36 7.91 7.44 7.24 7.24 0.0453 0.0432 0.0377 0.0369 0.0366 0.0352 0.0346 0.0342 0.0321 0.032 0.0296 0.0296 0.0293 0.0286 0.0281 0.0273 0.0272 0.0267 0.0264 0.026 0.0256 0.0255 0.0253 0.0219 0.0217 0.021 0.0209 0.0197 0.0183 0.0178 0.0176 0.0171 0.0161 0.0161 0.0157 0.0155 0.0144 0.0139 0.0136 0.0127 0.0127 0.0124 0.0123 0.0122 0.0111 0.011 0.0106 0.0101 0.01 0.0095 0.0089 0.0087 0.0087 43.53 -7.71 -73.3 150.81 70.71 4.16 47.27 40.07 -21.24 14.78 -1.83 36.99 25.85 41.56 -0.25 36.95 60.74 -23.38 80.31 -50.5 40.96 77.66 -11.13 13.51 -2.5 370.86 6.66 -19.7 -20.6 9.04 -44.5 204.32 48.29 140.72 2.7 -26.64 13.66 -18.01 90.79 5.39 63.48 -1.8 71.06 18.95 -45.04 29.33 35.76 -21.28 65.66 18.06 50.26 31.81 105.28
61
153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 NAMIBIA GUYANA TAJIKISTAN MOLDOVA BAHAMAS NETHERLANDANTIL ALBANIA BRUNEI BOLIVIA EQUTL GUINEA CHAD CONGO D. REP. BOSNIA-HRZGOVIN LAO PD RP MACEDONIA ST PIERRE COMOROS MACAO DOMINICA BARBADOS VANUATU REP TIMOR LESTE VIRGIN IS US GUADELOUPE MONGOLIA AMERI SAMOA ANTIGUA BELIZE GUINEA BISSAU C AFRI REP NEW CALEDONIA MONACO TONGA CAYMAN IS GIBRALTAR BERMUDA CAPE VERDE IS FR POLYNESIA MARTINIQUE ST KITT N A PANAMA C Z LIECHTENSTEIN ST LUCIA ARUBA COCOS IS KIRIBATI REP MONTSERRAT GUAM CHRISTMAS IS. MICRONESIA TURKS C IS SAMOA ANGUILLA SOLOMON IS 7.69 4.77 4.47 4.37 3.23 11.37 4.95 4.59 3.7 0.84 2.63 11.15 3.32 0.43 1.65 1.95 4.08 2.19 1.18 0.53 1.33 0.92 1.31 0.81 0.26 4.55 2.75 2.14 0.69 1.9 0.34 0.95 0.48 0.75 0.54 0.05 0.25 0.59 0.31 3.2 0.48 0.41 0.19 1.13 0.05 0.35 0.98 0.4 0.01 17.27 0.39 0.47 6.09 0.012 0.0075 0.007 0.0068 0.0051 0.0178 0.0077 0.0072 0.0058 0.0013 0.0041 0.0175 0.0052 0.0007 0.0026 0.0031 0.0064 0.0034 0.0019 0.0008 0.0021 0.0014 0.0021 0.0013 0.0004 0.0071 0.0043 0.0033 0.0011 0.003 0.0005 0.0015 0.0008 0.0012 0.0008 0.0001 0.0004 0.0009 0.0005 0.005 0.0007 0.0006 0.0003 0.0018 0.0001 0.0005 0.0015 0.0006 0 0.0271 0.0006 0.0007 0.0095 7.22 6.86 6.59 5.61 5.55 5.27 5.23 5.06 3.96 3.84 3.52 2.82 2.74 2.65 2.6 2.48 2.44 2.09 2.03 1.74 1.65 1.57 1.55 1.36 1.35 1.27 1.05 1 0.93 0.87 0.83 0.74 0.7 0.67 0.65 0.63 0.6 0.53 0.53 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.47 0.44 0.41 0.4 0.4 0.38 0.36 0.34 0.32 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.0086 0.0082 0.0079 0.0067 0.0066 0.0063 0.0063 0.0061 0.0047 0.0046 0.0042 0.0034 0.0033 0.0032 0.0031 0.003 0.0029 0.0025 0.0024 0.0021 0.002 0.0019 0.0019 0.0016 0.0016 0.0015 0.0013 0.0012 0.0011 0.001 0.001 0.0009 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0007 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 -6.04 43.94 47.54 28.19 71.74 -53.62 5.71 10.32 7.01 355.87 33.65 -74.67 -17.46 511.64 57.27 25.1 -48.62 -7.31 46.79 213.94 17.28 68.23 3.78 66.82 381.65 -76.96 -63.5 -56.62 26.38 -56.22 116.49 -26.21 39.37 -13.92 18.44 1,035.35 109.49 -9.71 55.98 -85.11 -0.71 13.56 136.87 -63.65 650.39 14.15 -61.21 -7.85 4,569.94 -98.17 -29.03 -41.66 -95.78
62
207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 ST VINCENT GRENADA TUVALU ANDORRA CHANNEL IS TOKELAU IS FAROE IS. FR S ANT TR BR VIRGN IS ST HELENA CANARY IS SAO TOME NORFOLK IS WALLIS F IS COOK IS FR GUIANA MARSHALL ISLAND PALAU FALKLAND IS HEARD MACDONALD GREENLAND N. MARIANA IS. PITCAIRN IS. NIUE IS PACIFIC IS NAURU RP SAHARWI A.DM RP ANTARTICA India's Total Export 0.09 0.59 0.03 0.06 0.95 1.24 0.5 0 0.34 0.87 0.11 1.77 0.56 0.21 0.1 5.84 0.39 0.02 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.1 0.13 0.01 0.11 0.0001 0.0009 0.0001 0.0001 0.0015 0.0019 0.0008 0 0.0005 0.0014 0.0002 0.0028 0.0009 0.0003 0.0002 0.0091 0.0006 0 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0 0.0002 0.25 0.23 0.19 0.18 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.11 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 83,535.94 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 170.59 -60.56 473.48 225.83 -84.51 -88.33 -71.41 5,356.86 -66.98 -87.95 -7.23 -94.31 -82.88 -54.87 -16.94 -98.62 -86.35 145.17 -73.13 -72.85 -81.94 -78.9 -86.79 48.19 -86.27
63,842.97
30.85
Exchange rate:
2003-2004: 1US$ = Rs. 45.9513 2004-2005: 1US$ = Rs. 44.9315
Table 2: Export of India Country-wise in US $ Million for the year 2005-2006 to 2006-2007 (up to September), with there share in total export of the country and growth rate.
S.No. 1 2 3 4
63
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 UK HONG KONG GERMANY ITALY BELGIUM SOUTH AFRICA JAPAN SAUDI ARAB NETHERLAND SRI LANKA DSR FRANCE KOREA RP INDONESIA SPAIN IRAN BRAZIL BANGLADESH PR KENYA PAKISTAN IR THAILAND YEMEN REPUBLC ISRAEL MALAYSIA CANADA TURKEY NEPAL AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND NIGERIA RUSSIA VIETNAM SOC REP TAIWAN GREECE EGYPT A RP PHILIPPINES OMAN KUWAIT MAURITIUS MEXICO DENMARK COLOMBIA SYRIA SWITZERLAND SUDAN ALGERIA SWEDEN PORTUGAL QATAR TANZANIA REP POLAND GHANA UKRAINE DJIBOUTI ARGENTINA 5,059.28 4,471.32 3,586.12 2,519.04 2,871.23 1,526.87 2,481.26 1,809.77 2,474.78 2,024.67 2,079.59 1,827.21 1,380.20 1,605.66 1,188.35 1,090.61 1,664.36 576.54 689.23 1,075.31 278.81 1,201.50 1,161.86 1,021.58 1,010.08 859.97 821.23 141.9 874.03 733.15 690.68 629.05 564.09 672.43 494.66 408.43 513.73 199.43 443.07 410.28 455.02 276.67 479.52 294.65 271.39 326.39 260.89 259.34 243.45 226.96 200.82 258.19 230.36 199.5 4.9076 4.3373 3.4786 2.4435 2.7852 1.4811 2.4069 1.7555 2.4006 1.964 2.0172 1.7724 1.3388 1.5575 1.1527 1.0579 1.6145 0.5593 0.6686 1.0431 0.2705 1.1655 1.127 0.9909 0.9798 0.8342 0.7966 0.1376 0.8478 0.7112 0.67 0.6102 0.5472 0.6523 0.4798 0.3962 0.4983 0.1935 0.4298 0.398 0.4414 0.2684 0.4651 0.2858 0.2633 0.3166 0.2531 0.2516 0.2362 0.2202 0.1948 0.2504 0.2235 0.1935 2,652.18 2,242.84 1,917.65 1,697.16 1,605.98 1,218.42 1,216.48 1,182.30 1,175.41 1,147.92 1,075.41 1,062.19 905.38 881.2 833.2 805.55 801.94 786.17 749.85 697.77 645.49 642.13 592.6 571.12 475.47 468.52 439.63 438.32 434.68 417.24 406.08 397.56 330.88 323.44 323 303.82 298.73 284.32 258.86 227.27 213.15 211.98 207.85 204.57 199.33 176.11 174.88 155.69 145.68 145 140.07 131.26 123.23 112.32 4.3371 3.6677 3.1359 2.7754 2.6263 1.9925 1.9893 1.9334 1.9222 1.8772 1.7586 1.737 1.4806 1.441 1.3625 1.3173 1.3114 1.2856 1.2262 1.1411 1.0556 1.0501 0.9691 0.9339 0.7775 0.7662 0.7189 0.7168 0.7108 0.6823 0.6641 0.6501 0.5411 0.5289 0.5282 0.4968 0.4885 0.465 0.4233 0.3717 0.3486 0.3466 0.3399 0.3345 0.326 0.288 0.286 0.2546 0.2382 0.2371 0.2291 0.2147 0.2015 0.1837
64
59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 IRELAND IRAQ FINLAND CHILE JORDAN KOREA DP RP MOROCCO TRINIDAD SENEGAL MOZAMBIQUE AFGHANISTAN TIS CONGO P REP VENEZUELA BAHARAIN IS COTE D' IVOIRE NORWAY BENIN AUSTRIA ZAMBIA ANGOLA ROMANIA PERU MYANMAR ETHIOPIA TOGO UGANDA SLOVENIA HONDURAS GUINEA TUNISIA UNSPECIFIED KAZAKHSTAN CZECH REPUBLIC LIBYA HUNGARY GUATEMALA PANAMA REPUBLIC SOMALIA CAMEROON MALI MALDIVES LEBANON FIJI IS CAMBODIA BHUTAN ECUADOR CROATIA KYRGHYZSTAN MALAWI LATVIA GEORGIA ZIMBABWE DOMINIC REP LITHUANIA 279.77 155.94 204.69 152.15 184.97 54.53 127.51 66.64 93.5 127.54 142.67 111.62 94.41 192.25 106.14 130.2 96.62 132.47 66.51 151.66 84.39 84.26 110.7 74.74 91.1 92.65 76.6 34.6 52.26 82.57 191.85 90.86 96.87 103.29 84.16 45.94 63.05 39.66 34.71 27.9 67.58 71.84 29.06 24.19 99.17 26.2 29.01 28.09 43.63 28.39 34.18 23.99 31.79 33.45 0.2714 0.1513 0.1986 0.1476 0.1794 0.0529 0.1237 0.0646 0.0907 0.1237 0.1384 0.1083 0.0916 0.1865 0.103 0.1263 0.0937 0.1285 0.0645 0.1471 0.0819 0.0817 0.1074 0.0725 0.0884 0.0899 0.0743 0.0336 0.0507 0.0801 0.1861 0.0881 0.094 0.1002 0.0816 0.0446 0.0612 0.0385 0.0337 0.0271 0.0656 0.0697 0.0282 0.0235 0.0962 0.0254 0.0281 0.0273 0.0423 0.0275 0.0332 0.0233 0.0308 0.0324 108.06 100.93 95.86 94.8 89.98 83.1 81.7 79.86 79.09 78.52 76.93 73.08 71.83 70.32 70.06 67.42 67.15 64.86 61.52 61.39 61.16 60.82 59.34 55.21 54.54 53.87 49.86 49.76 49.14 47.94 47.25 44.82 43.78 43.45 43.27 42.33 40.06 36.75 35.47 35.35 33.74 33.19 29.56 28.59 27.49 26.41 24.67 22.24 21.64 20.43 19.98 19.62 19.4 18.91 0.1767 0.165 0.1568 0.155 0.1471 0.1359 0.1336 0.1306 0.1293 0.1284 0.1258 0.1195 0.1175 0.115 0.1146 0.1103 0.1098 0.1061 0.1006 0.1004 0.1 0.0995 0.097 0.0903 0.0892 0.0881 0.0815 0.0814 0.0804 0.0784 0.0773 0.0733 0.0716 0.071 0.0708 0.0692 0.0655 0.0601 0.058 0.0578 0.0552 0.0543 0.0483 0.0467 0.045 0.0432 0.0403 0.0364 0.0354 0.0334 0.0327 0.0321 0.0317 0.0309
65
113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 BAHAMAS URUGUAY MADAGASCAR CYPRUS BULGARIA LIBERIA UZBEKISTAN PARAGUAY PUERTO RICO SLOVAK REP LUXEMBOURG TURKMENISTAN CUBA AZERBAIJAN EL SALVADOR GAMBIA NAMIBIA MAURITANIA ESTONIA SIERRA LEONE HAITI REUNION COSTA RICA JAMAICA CHAD MALTA BURKINA FASO NETHERLANDANTIL NICARAGUA ICELAND SURINAME NIGER GABON SEYCHELLES PAPUA N GNA BOTSWANA ARMENIA RWANDA BELARUS GUYANA UNION OF SERBIA & MONTENEGRO BRUNEI ERITREA TAJIKISTAN BOLIVIA BURUNDI ST PIERRE MACEDONIA SWAZILAND COMOROS MOLDOVA LESOTHO EQUTL GUINEA 9.35 27.93 42.65 32.41 24.07 21.15 24.44 16.38 19.26 21.41 10.67 18.83 11.91 28.81 12 16.8 14.65 45.14 13.86 18.54 16.33 14.87 16.06 25.86 4.21 121.31 19.93 10.94 10.63 13.05 15.67 22.25 16.58 10.62 9.21 10.78 7.19 10.64 12.22 11.15 8.36 42.94 8.18 6.24 6.55 10.73 1.6 3.93 5.24 5.1 5.43 12.77 6.44 0.0091 0.0271 0.0414 0.0314 0.0233 0.0205 0.0237 0.0159 0.0187 0.0208 0.0103 0.0183 0.0116 0.0279 0.0116 0.0163 0.0142 0.0438 0.0134 0.018 0.0158 0.0144 0.0156 0.0251 0.0041 0.1177 0.0193 0.0106 0.0103 0.0127 0.0152 0.0216 0.0161 0.0103 0.0089 0.0105 0.007 0.0103 0.0119 0.0108 0.0081 0.0417 0.0079 0.0061 0.0064 0.0104 0.0016 0.0038 0.0051 0.0049 0.0053 0.0124 0.0062 17.41 16.72 16.41 16.35 15.23 14.81 14.51 13.86 13.37 12.19 12.13 11.91 11.32 11.07 10.8 10.55 10.42 10.39 10.14 10.1 9.87 9.31 9.21 8.76 8.72 8.25 8.1 8.08 7.95 7.74 7.3 7.17 7.13 6.72 6.21 6.14 6.04 5.97 5.77 5.25 4.31 4.17 3.97 3.47 3.45 3.39 3.36 3 2.58 2.49 2.44 2.28 2.17 0.0285 0.0273 0.0268 0.0267 0.0249 0.0242 0.0237 0.0227 0.0219 0.0199 0.0198 0.0195 0.0185 0.0181 0.0177 0.0172 0.017 0.017 0.0166 0.0165 0.0161 0.0152 0.0151 0.0143 0.0143 0.0135 0.0132 0.0132 0.013 0.0127 0.0119 0.0117 0.0117 0.011 0.0101 0.01 0.0099 0.0098 0.0094 0.0086 0.0071 0.0068 0.0065 0.0057 0.0056 0.0055 0.0055 0.0049 0.0042 0.0041 0.004 0.0037 0.0035
66
166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 NEW CALEDONIA ALBANIA C AFRI REP DOMINICA BARBADOS MONGOLIA BOSNIA-HRZGOVIN LAO PD RP BELIZE VANUATU REP MACAO ANTIGUA ANGUILLA ST HELENA FR POLYNESIA CONGO D. REP. GUADELOUPE MONACO MARTINIQUE BERMUDA VIRGIN IS US GRENADA ST LUCIA GIBRALTAR TIMOR LESTE MARSHALL ISLAND PANAMA C Z ST KITT N A LIECHTENSTEIN FAROE IS. KIRIBATI REP WALLIS F IS ST VINCENT TURKS C IS SAO TOME TONGA CAYMAN IS GUINEA BISSAU CHANNEL IS CAPE VERDE IS BR VIRGN IS TOKELAU IS SAMOA GUAM ARUBA ANDORRA MONTSERRAT NORFOLK IS SOLOMON IS NIUE IS FR GUIANA AMERI SAMOA COCOS IS CANARY IS 1.19 5.61 1.39 2.62 2.31 1.17 1.33 5.47 2.67 1.84 2.46 1.13 0.12 0.78 0.76 2.03 1.12 0.38 0.84 0.33 0.63 0.87 0.73 0.34 0.39 0.21 4.53 0.41 0.34 0.22 0.09 0.09 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.44 0.39 0.74 0.11 0.15 0.67 0.07 0.36 0.35 0.62 0.09 0.25 0.09 0.22 0 0.05 0.29 0.19 41.39 0.0012 0.0054 0.0014 0.0025 0.0022 0.0011 0.0013 0.0053 0.0026 0.0018 0.0024 0.0011 0.0001 0.0008 0.0007 0.002 0.0011 0.0004 0.0008 0.0003 0.0006 0.0008 0.0007 0.0003 0.0004 0.0002 0.0044 0.0004 0.0003 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0007 0.0001 0.0001 0.0006 0.0001 0.0003 0.0003 0.0006 0.0001 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 0 0 0.0003 0.0002 0.0401 1.95 1.89 1.84 1.77 1.67 1.44 1.33 1.11 1.09 0.99 0.89 0.79 0.79 0.78 0.74 0.72 0.67 0.65 0.58 0.53 0.51 0.44 0.39 0.38 0.35 0.35 0.34 0.32 0.28 0.25 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.0032 0.0031 0.003 0.0029 0.0027 0.0024 0.0022 0.0018 0.0018 0.0016 0.0014 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0012 0.0012 0.0011 0.0011 0.0009 0.0009 0.0008 0.0007 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0005 0.0005 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
67
220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 PITCAIRN IS. FR S ANT TR N. MARIANA IS. CHRISTMAS IS. PALAU NAURU RP HEARD MACDONALD MICRONESIA COOK IS FALKLAND IS GREENLAND ANTARTICA NEUTRAL ZONE SAHARWI A.DM RP TUVALU India's Total Export 0 12.87 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.09 0.03 3.37 0.05 0.06 0.01 0.14 103,090.54 0 0.0125 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0 0.0001 0 0.0001 0 0.0033 0 0.0001 0 0.0001 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0 0 0 0 0.0001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
61,150.85
Exchange rate:
2005-2006: 1US$ = Rs. 44.2735 2006-2007(Apr-Sep): 1US$ = Rs. 45.9206
68
Table 3: Import of India Country-wise for the year 2003-2004 to 2004-2005 in US $ Million with there share in total import and there growth rate
S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 Country UNSPECIFIED CHINA USA SWITZERLAND UAE BELGIUM Trade to Unspecified Countries GERMANY AUSTRALIA UK KOREA RP JAPAN SINGAPORE INDONESIA MALAYSIA SOUTH AFRICA FRANCE HONG KONG ITALY RUSSIA SAUDI ARAB TAIWAN ISRAEL SWEDEN THAILAND BRAZIL NETHERLAND CANADA QATAR ARGENTINA UKRAINE IRAN MYANMAR SPAIN FINLAND SRI LANKA DSR MOROCCO JORDAN NEPAL CHILE KUWAIT DENMARK AUSTRIA NORWAY PHILIPPINES IRELAND SENEGAL 2003-2004 20,753.83 4,053.23 5,034.86 3,312.75 2,059.85 3,975.92 %Share 26.5565 5.1865 6.4426 4.239 2.6358 5.0876 2004-2005 25,978.91 7,097.98 7,001.35 5,939.93 4,641.10 4,588.91 4,382.89 4,015.35 3,824.53 3,566.20 3,508.77 3,235.13 2,651.40 2,617.74 2,299.01 2,197.67 1,894.10 1,730.13 1,373.10 1,322.74 1,301.15 1,092.07 988.11 937.33 865.88 792.4 791.46 775.72 672.85 539.59 538.67 410.21 405.91 389.55 388.81 378.4 362.16 355.89 345.83 345.57 305.94 270.22 262.34 235.08 187.39 183.15 181.2 %Share 23.2958 6.3649 6.2783 5.3265 4.1618 4.115 3.9302 3.6006 3.4295 3.1979 3.1464 2.901 2.3776 2.3474 2.0616 1.9707 1.6985 1.5514 1.2313 1.1861 1.1668 0.9793 0.8861 0.8405 0.7764 0.7106 0.7097 0.6956 0.6034 0.4839 0.483 0.3678 0.364 0.3493 0.3487 0.3393 0.3248 0.3191 0.3101 0.3099 0.2743 0.2423 0.2352 0.2108 0.168 0.1642 0.1625 %Growth 25.18 75.12 39.06 79.31 125.31 15.42
2,918.58 2,649.24 3,234.35 2,829.19 2,667.69 2,085.38 2,122.08 2,046.56 1,899.20 1,090.23 1,492.69 1,071.04 959.63 737.77 768.95 669.76 698.79 609.06 313.52 535.56 725.89 187.05 523.97 235.15 266.83 409.01 258.78 270.09 194.74 255.61 230.27 286.04 156.74 142.48 225.6 201.67 303.02 122.11 131.13 144.96
3.7346 3.39 4.1387 3.6202 3.4136 2.6684 2.7154 2.6188 2.4302 1.3951 1.91 1.3705 1.2279 0.944 0.9839 0.857 0.8942 0.7793 0.4012 0.6853 0.9288 0.2394 0.6705 0.3009 0.3414 0.5234 0.3311 0.3456 0.2492 0.3271 0.2947 0.366 0.2006 0.1823 0.2887 0.2581 0.3877 0.1563 0.1678 0.1855
37.58 44.36 10.26 24.02 21.27 27.14 23.36 12.34 15.72 73.73 15.91 28.2 37.84 76.36 42.02 47.53 34.14 42.17 152.74 47.78 6.86 259.71 2.98 129.07 53.74 -0.76 50.53 43.95 94.31 41.69 54.55 20.9 120.48 114.72 19.78 30.08 -22.42 53.46 39.66 25
69
48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 CZECH REPUBLIC ROMANIA COTE D' IVOIRE EGYPT A RP TURKEY TANZANIA REP NEW ZEALAND BAHARAIN IS PAPUA N GNA PAKISTAN IR TUNISIA PANAMA REPUBLIC POLAND VIETNAM SOC REP MEXICO BENIN BHUTAN GUINEA BISSAU BANGLADESH PR GHANA NIGERIA AFGHANISTAN TIS KENYA TOGO BAHAMAS LIBERIA GABON MOZAMBIQUE MALTA PERU COSTA RICA HUNGARY UZBEKISTAN YEMEN REPUBLC GUINEA ZIMBABWE GREECE ZAMBIA ECUADOR SLOVAK REP SUDAN CONGO P REP SLOVENIA OMAN LEBANON PORTUGAL BULGARIA LITHUANIA GEORGIA KAZAKHSTAN COLOMBIA TRINIDAD LIBYA MALI 111.84 71.93 99.77 98.21 73.32 109.32 78.89 74.52 0.95 57.65 64.71 7.99 49.05 38.21 73.89 53.19 52.37 52.46 77.63 32.93 75.64 40.51 41.93 20.67 0.07 4.03 22.45 23.62 0.93 29.91 25.61 27.32 27.7 29.76 4.25 16.42 47.09 18.55 5.84 10.62 31.22 5.28 60.85 50.88 7.68 13.87 11.14 10.8 5.43 9.26 10.47 7.36 10.38 31.24 0.1431 0.092 0.1277 0.1257 0.0938 0.1399 0.1009 0.0954 0.0012 0.0738 0.0828 0.0102 0.0628 0.0489 0.0946 0.0681 0.067 0.0671 0.0993 0.0421 0.0968 0.0518 0.0537 0.0264 0.0001 0.0052 0.0287 0.0302 0.0012 0.0383 0.0328 0.035 0.0354 0.0381 0.0054 0.021 0.0603 0.0237 0.0075 0.0136 0.0399 0.0068 0.0779 0.0651 0.0098 0.0177 0.0143 0.0138 0.0069 0.0119 0.0134 0.0094 0.0133 0.04 175.34 168.44 160.09 152.64 134.92 131.65 127.96 121.87 95.2 94.97 94.94 90.87 90.37 86.5 82.62 79.79 71 70.87 59.37 51.28 48.4 47.01 46.73 46.03 45.4 45.02 42.8 41.56 36.86 36.35 35.47 31.53 31.46 30.82 27.59 27.15 23.82 22.96 22.94 22.89 22.88 21.97 21.45 20.61 20.46 18.94 17.96 17.64 15.42 15.39 14.17 13.95 13.6 13.07 0.1572 0.151 0.1436 0.1369 0.121 0.1181 0.1147 0.1093 0.0854 0.0852 0.0851 0.0815 0.081 0.0776 0.0741 0.0715 0.0637 0.0635 0.0532 0.046 0.0434 0.0422 0.0419 0.0413 0.0407 0.0404 0.0384 0.0373 0.0331 0.0326 0.0318 0.0283 0.0282 0.0276 0.0247 0.0243 0.0214 0.0206 0.0206 0.0205 0.0205 0.0197 0.0192 0.0185 0.0184 0.017 0.0161 0.0158 0.0138 0.0138 0.0127 0.0125 0.0122 0.0117 56.78 134.19 60.45 55.43 84.02 20.43 62.2 63.54 9,936.10 64.75 46.72 1,037.30 84.22 126.35 11.82 50 35.58 35.09 -23.52 55.71 -36.02 16.03 11.43 122.75 67,584.61 1,016.52 90.69 75.98 3,872.73 21.52 38.48 15.39 13.58 3.58 548.53 65.31 -49.43 23.79 292.89 115.52 -26.71 316.47 -64.75 -59.49 166.55 36.61 61.22 63.29 183.9 66.18 35.35 89.54 30.99 -58.14
70
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 BELARUS CAMEROON GAMBIA TURKMENISTAN ETHIOPIA LUXEMBOURG KOREA DP RP NEW CALEDONIA PANAMA C Z BURKINA FASO MADAGASCAR AZERBAIJAN SOMALIA MAURITIUS GUYANA UGANDA ALGERIA MALAWI PUERTO RICO CYPRUS UNION OF SERBIA & MONTENEGRO TAJIKISTAN URUGUAY VENEZUELA SYRIA REUNION SWAZILAND DJIBOUTI PARAGUAY DOMINIC REP JAMAICA CONGO D. REP. ST VINCENT ICELAND SIERRA LEONE CROATIA EL SALVADOR CUBA NAURU RP CHAD BERMUDA MAURITANIA IRAQ LATVIA GUATEMALA HAITI ERITREA SURINAME MONACO ANGOLA ARMENIA EQUTL GUINEA NIGER 6.74 10.3 3.77 9.34 7.54 44.4 1.08 11.26 0.53 10.45 5.05 3.02 9.68 7.54 11.93 2.05 4.47 4.98 0.39 2.6 3.64 3.95 10.22 2.51 4.65 1.26 1.69 1.19 0.75 1.74 0.92 0.09 1.95 9.53 6.47 7.45 1.09 1.85 3.66 3.44 0.03 0.14 0.43 0.2 0.48 0.25 0.51 0.01 0.66 0.26 2.21 0.0086 0.0132 0.0048 0.0119 0.0096 0.0568 0.0014 0.0144 0.0007 0.0134 0.0065 0.0039 0.0124 0.0097 0.0153 0.0026 0.0057 0.0064 0.0005 0.0033 0.0047 0.0051 0.0131 0.0032 0.0059 0.0016 0.0022 0.0015 0.001 0.0022 0.0012 0.0001 0.0025 0.0122 0.0083 0.0095 0.0014 0.0024 0.0047 0.0044 0 0.0002 0.0005 0.0003 0.0006 0.0003 0.0007 0 0.0008 0.0003 0.0028 12.32 11.71 11.52 10.87 10.26 9.69 9.33 9.18 8.75 8.44 7.97 7.71 7.47 7.19 7.17 6.6 6.31 5.08 4.97 4.83 4.25 4.09 4.05 4.02 3.82 3.44 3.14 3.12 2.77 2.76 2.65 2.54 2.3 2.3 2.27 2.06 1.83 1.73 1.69 1.56 1.3 1.28 1.12 1.1 1.06 1.02 0.99 0.96 0.94 0.91 0.78 0.72 0.72 0.0111 0.0105 0.0103 0.0097 0.0092 0.0087 0.0084 0.0082 0.0078 0.0076 0.0071 0.0069 0.0067 0.0064 0.0064 0.0059 0.0057 0.0046 0.0045 0.0043 0.0038 0.0037 0.0036 0.0036 0.0034 0.0031 0.0028 0.0028 0.0025 0.0025 0.0024 0.0023 0.0021 0.0021 0.002 0.0018 0.0016 0.0015 0.0015 0.0014 0.0012 0.0011 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0008 0.0008 0.0007 0.0006 0.0006 82.79 13.74 205.61 16.37 36.11 -78.17 765.67 -18.45 1,557.14 -19.27 57.81 155.09 -22.8 -4.73 -39.93 222.25 41.17 2.07 1,175.63 85.74 16.9 3.37 -60.35 60.06 -17.89 172.53 85.85 161.24 270.86 58.18 188.65 2,592.43 17.92 -75.92 -64.83 -72.4 68.22 -6.5 -53.87 -54.63 3,850.11 711.18 159.59 441.52 112.95 300.67 87.26 9,673.62 17.63 177.09 -67.25
71
155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 RWANDA ESTONIA GUADELOUPE KYRGHYZSTAN MALDIVES SEYCHELLES BRUNEI LIECHTENSTEIN BURUNDI BOTSWANA DOMINICA FIJI IS SOLOMON IS C AFRI REP CAMBODIA HONDURAS GUAM BOLIVIA MONGOLIA VANUATU REP NICARAGUA WALLIS F IS COMOROS MOLDOVA BOSNIA-HRZGOVIN ST PIERRE NORFOLK IS MACEDONIA FR S ANT TR VIRGIN IS US AMERI SAMOA LAO PD RP NAMIBIA ST HELENA GRENADA ALBANIA MONTSERRAT ANDORRA ARUBA TIMOR LESTE GREENLAND BARBADOS BELIZE MICRONESIA FR POLYNESIA ANTIGUA CAYMAN IS GIBRALTAR MARTINIQUE TOKELAU IS BR VIRGN IS PITCAIRN IS. MARSHALL ISLAND MACAO 0.72 0.72 0.71 0.63 0.61 0.58 0.54 0.51 0.43 0.42 0.34 0.3 0.29 0.26 0.24 0.23 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.2 0.2 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.1 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.24 0.54 0.37 0.07 0.34 0.02 0.3 0.05 0.11 1.71 2.25 0.12 0.28
0.0003 0.0007 0.0005 0.0001 0.0004 0 0.0004 0.0001 0.0001 0.0022 0.0029 0.0002 0.0004
200 15.04 63.32 751.6 59.89 3,165.53 43.34 685.36 217.18 -82.39 -86.89 108.62 -12.65
1.73 0.74 13.63 0.34 0.48 0.04 2.04 0.01 0.05 0.12 0 0.13 0.1 0.01 0.12 0.02 0.02 0 0.02 0 0.05 0 0.46
0.0022 0.001 0.0174 0.0004 0.0006 0.0001 0.0026 0 0.0001 0.0002 0 0.0002 0.0001 0 0.0002 0 0 0 0 0 0.0001 0 0.0006
-87.65 -72.38 -98.51 -41.21 -69.13 257.77 -94.01 866.3 54.85 -42.22 1,029.41 -59.65 -51.09 349.38 -70.38 106.94 27.53 892.45 -38.12 2,021.15 -80.9 1,908.05 -98.61
0 0 0.0136 0.0031
72
209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 NETHERLANDANTIL LESOTHO KIRIBATI REP CHRISTMAS IS. SAMOA TONGA TURKS C IS TUVALU India's Total Import 0.2 0.01 0.17 0.04 0.01 0.81 0.01 0 78,149.61 0.0003 0 0.0002 0 0 0.001 0 0 111,517.44 42.7
Exchange rate:
2003-2004: 1US$ = Rs. 45.9513 2004-2005: 1US$ = Rs. 44.9315
73
Table 4: Import of India Country-wise for the year 2005-2006 to 2006-2007 (up to Sep.) in US $ Million with there share in the total import of the country and growth rate.
2006-2007(AprSep) 7,991.95 7,193.43 5,066.65 4,422.37 3,933.64 3,891.39 3,824.82 3,586.45 3,398.68 2,969.50 2,892.07 2,698.23 2,562.51 2,400.91 2,144.93 1,950.80 1,911.99 1,760.63 1,288.74 1,248.17 1,221.42 1,123.71 1,109.86 974.73 935.22 898.4 869.42 813.59 812.33 778.93 574.04 541.83 521.78 512.35 497.1 395.44 377.17 315.24 309.26 302.38 279.69 268.31 265.51 250.58 233.03 232.78
S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
Country CHINA SAUDI ARAB USA U ARAB EMTS SWITZERLAND NIGERIA IRAN GERMANY AUSTRALIA IRAQ KUWAIT SINGAPORE MALAYSIA KOREA RP JAPAN BELGIUM UK INDONESIA SOUTH AFRICA ITALY HONG KONG QATAR YEMEN REPUBLC FRANCE EGYPT A RP SWEDEN RUSSIA TAIWAN THAILAND CHILE CANADA ARGENTINA UKRAINE NETHERLAND ISRAEL MYANMAR BRAZIL FINLAND KOREA DP RP SPAIN OMAN MEXICO SRI LANKA DSR MOROCCO UNSPECIFIED JORDAN
2005-2006 10,868.05 1,632.34 9,454.74 4,354.08 6,555.80 72.46 702.46 6,023.63 4,947.91 2.05 461.85 3,353.77 2,415.61 4,563.85 4,061.10 4,725.14 3,930.30 3,008.11 2,471.80 1,855.63 2,206.98 901.62 10 4,113.30 220.44 1,172.20 2,022.19 1,382.96 1,211.58 434.5 919.87 754.04 792.39 1,049.55 1,031.19 525.96 893.06 583.48 56.57 573.46 265.59 97.61 577.7 456.37 24,807.23 442.33
%Share 7.2859 1.0943 6.3384 2.919 4.395 0.0486 0.4709 4.0382 3.3171 0.0014 0.3096 2.2484 1.6194 3.0596 2.7225 3.1677 2.6349 2.0166 1.6571 1.244 1.4795 0.6044 0.0067 2.7575 0.1478 0.7858 1.3557 0.9271 0.8122 0.2913 0.6167 0.5055 0.5312 0.7036 0.6913 0.3526 0.5987 0.3912 0.0379 0.3844 0.178 0.0654 0.3873 0.3059 16.6307 0.2965
%Share 9.146 8.2322 5.7983 5.061 4.5017 4.4533 4.3771 4.1043 3.8895 3.3983 3.3097 3.0879 2.9325 2.7476 2.4547 2.2325 2.1881 2.0149 1.4748 1.4284 1.3978 1.286 1.2701 1.1155 1.0703 1.0281 0.995 0.9311 0.9296 0.8914 0.6569 0.6201 0.5971 0.5863 0.5689 0.4525 0.4316 0.3608 0.3539 0.346 0.3201 0.3071 0.3039 0.2868 0.2667 0.2664
74
47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 BAHARAIN IS PAPUA N GNA GUINEA AUSTRIA DENMARK NORWAY ALGERIA CZECH REPUBLIC IRELAND VENEZUELA PAKISTAN IR NEW ZEALAND NEPAL COTE D' IVOIRE BANGLADESH PR BRUNEI ANGOLA ROMANIA PHILIPPINES TURKEY PANAMA REPUBLIC TUNISIA VIETNAM SOC REP PERU GEORGIA ZAMBIA BENIN POLAND BHUTAN LIBYA GHANA AMERI SAMOA SUDAN TOGO KAZAKHSTAN SWAZILAND SYRIA COLOMBIA GREECE CONGO P REP KENYA AFGHANISTAN TIS GUINEA BISSAU CROATIA BELARUS LUXEMBOURG COSTA RICA HUNGARY SLOVENIA ECUADOR BR VIRGN IS BULGARIA SENEGAL TANZANIA REP 189.56 64.12 22.25 344.02 515.94 289.34 14.65 260.38 161.91 9.55 179.56 216.63 379.85 193.92 127.03 0.88 3.25 270.12 235.49 193.8 247.44 101.15 131.39 23.06 19.87 40.56 77.47 107.81 88.77 11.94 78.93 0.29 32.62 79.26 26.3 23.63 5.13 9.36 56.37 43.94 48.52 58.42 96.13 29.49 37.86 16.1 37.86 31.62 23.61 20.33 0.19 24.06 292.56 119.76 0.1271 0.043 0.0149 0.2306 0.3459 0.194 0.0098 0.1746 0.1085 0.0064 0.1204 0.1452 0.2546 0.13 0.0852 0.0006 0.0022 0.1811 0.1579 0.1299 0.1659 0.0678 0.0881 0.0155 0.0133 0.0272 0.0519 0.0723 0.0595 0.008 0.0529 0.0002 0.0219 0.0531 0.0176 0.0158 0.0034 0.0063 0.0378 0.0295 0.0325 0.0392 0.0644 0.0198 0.0254 0.0108 0.0254 0.0212 0.0158 0.0136 0.0001 0.0161 0.1961 0.0803 225.87 208.13 192.81 192 187.26 186.19 176.94 175.74 174.14 153 148.61 143.36 140.46 136.7 128.31 128.18 125.86 111.46 100.42 98.71 94.95 91.46 89.61 77.54 69.47 67.59 59.17 56.29 55.06 53.01 50.63 48.24 47.69 45.86 33.57 32.78 30.21 30.09 29.11 28.77 27.92 27.01 26.45 25.5 25.29 23.91 23.2 22.57 21.29 18.79 18.51 18.1 17.74 17.67 0.2585 0.2382 0.2207 0.2197 0.2143 0.2131 0.2025 0.2011 0.1993 0.1751 0.1701 0.1641 0.1607 0.1564 0.1468 0.1467 0.144 0.1276 0.1149 0.113 0.1087 0.1047 0.1026 0.0887 0.0795 0.0774 0.0677 0.0644 0.063 0.0607 0.0579 0.0552 0.0546 0.0525 0.0384 0.0375 0.0346 0.0344 0.0333 0.0329 0.032 0.0309 0.0303 0.0292 0.0289 0.0274 0.0265 0.0258 0.0244 0.0215 0.0212 0.0207 0.0203 0.0202
75
101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 GABON ESTONIA ZIMBABWE LITHUANIA GAMBIA PORTUGAL NEW CALEDONIA UZBEKISTAN TURKMENISTAN SLOVAK REP SOMALIA CYPRUS GUYANA MOZAMBIQUE CONGO D. REP. BAHAMAS MADAGASCAR TAJIKISTAN MAURITIUS LEBANON BELIZE NIGER AZERBAIJAN LIBERIA MALTA ETHIOPIA URUGUAY ICELAND LATVIA NAMIBIA CAMEROON BURKINA FASO REUNION PUERTO RICO UGANDA MONGOLIA PARAGUAY MALDIVES ST PIERRE SIERRA LEONE DOMINIC REP EL SALVADOR HONDURAS SAMOA UNION OF SERBIA & MONTENEGRO DJIBOUTI MALI SURINAME BOLIVIA RWANDA NETHERLANDANTIL GUATEMALA MAURITANIA 42.09 9.02 25.55 28.96 12.9 30.25 3.11 26.13 12.35 39.86 11.56 25.53 21.25 50.61 14.21 0.21 16.36 5.89 7.33 18.51 0.03 0.76 5.86 126.65 15.83 8.52 4.04 6.32 10.13 20.77 12.23 2.69 3.31 7.31 2.84 1.62 4.21 1.98 3.56 3.56 5.34 2.06 0.31 0.06 1.95 3.35 2.57 6.48 0.94 0.04 0.06 1.83 1.02 0.0282 0.006 0.0171 0.0194 0.0086 0.0203 0.0021 0.0175 0.0083 0.0267 0.0077 0.0171 0.0142 0.0339 0.0095 0.0001 0.011 0.0039 0.0049 0.0124 0 0.0005 0.0039 0.0849 0.0106 0.0057 0.0027 0.0042 0.0068 0.0139 0.0082 0.0018 0.0022 0.0049 0.0019 0.0011 0.0028 0.0013 0.0024 0.0024 0.0036 0.0014 0.0002 0 0.0013 0.0022 0.0017 0.0043 0.0006 0 0 0.0012 0.0007 17.56 16.35 15.93 15.26 14.41 14.07 11.5 11.03 9.52 9.5 9.36 9.21 9.06 8.31 8.12 8.1 6.59 6.49 5.95 5.29 4.95 4.59 4.18 4.12 4.1 3.98 3.53 2.97 2.94 2.8 2.76 2.69 2.68 2.63 2 1.65 1.6 1.48 1.48 1.34 1.25 1.23 1.08 1.08 0.97 0.92 0.9 0.84 0.81 0.7 0.64 0.62 0.59 0.0201 0.0187 0.0182 0.0175 0.0165 0.0161 0.0132 0.0126 0.0109 0.0109 0.0107 0.0105 0.0104 0.0095 0.0093 0.0093 0.0075 0.0074 0.0068 0.0061 0.0057 0.0053 0.0048 0.0047 0.0047 0.0046 0.004 0.0034 0.0034 0.0032 0.0032 0.0031 0.0031 0.003 0.0023 0.0019 0.0018 0.0017 0.0017 0.0015 0.0014 0.0014 0.0012 0.0012 0.0011 0.0011 0.001 0.001 0.0009 0.0008 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007
76
154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 KYRGHYZSTAN TIMOR LESTE NAURU RP CUBA BERMUDA MALAWI ARMENIA COMOROS LAO PD RP SEYCHELLES ST VINCENT SOLOMON IS JAMAICA CAMBODIA MACEDONIA CAPE VERDE IS VANUATU REP NIUE IS BOSNIA-HRZGOVIN TRINIDAD GUAM MONACO C AFRI REP FR GUIANA LIECHTENSTEIN FIJI IS MOLDOVA EQUTL GUINEA ERITREA ST HELENA GRENADA ANTIGUA BARBADOS TURKS C IS VIRGIN IS US MONTSERRAT HAITI NICARAGUA TONGA CHAD ALBANIA KIRIBATI REP GREENLAND BOTSWANA DOMINICA MICRONESIA FAROE IS. GIBRALTAR FR POLYNESIA TOKELAU IS ANDORRA ST KITT N A WALLIS F IS ST LUCIA 1.47 0.04 0.18 3.32 0.04 1.8 2.08 3.88 0.1 1.15 74.24 2.77 2.14 0.78 3.84 0 48.1 0.39 1.82 1.18 0.09 0.37 0.4 0.79 0.85 0.21 0.07 0.99 0.49 0.16 0.12 0.04 3.5 0.37 0.06 0.29 5.49 0.11 0.07 0.19 0 0.14 0.17 0.02 0.36 0.02 0.03 0.01 0 0.01 0.001 0 0.0001 0.0022 0 0.0012 0.0014 0.0026 0.0001 0.0008 0.0498 0.0019 0.0014 0.0005 0.0026 0 0.0322 0.0003 0.0012 0.0008 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0005 0.0006 0.0001 0 0.0007 0.0003 0.0001 0.0001 0 0.0023 0.0002 0 0.0002 0.0037 0.0001 0 0.0001 0 0.0001 0.0001 0 0.0002 0 0 0 0 0 0.59 0.58 0.56 0.53 0.52 0.49 0.48 0.35 0.33 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.23 0.22 0.2 0.2 0.19 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.11 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0 0 0 0.0007 0.0007 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
77
208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 COOK IS MARSHALL ISLAND GUADELOUPE MACAO CAYMAN IS MARTINIQUE LESOTHO BURUNDI CHRISTMAS IS. FR S ANT TR SAO TOME NORFOLK IS PANAMA C Z PITCAIRN IS. Trade to Unspecified Countries TUVALU India's Total Import 0.01 178.97 0.26 0.16 0.02 0.04 0 0.04 0.07 0 0.02 0.13 0.48 0 19,473.95 0 149,165.73 0 0.12 0.0002 0.0001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0001 0.0003 0 13.0552 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
87,381.77
Exchange rate:
2005-2006: 1US$ = Rs. 44.2735 2006-2007(Apr-Sep): 1US$ = Rs. 45.9206
78
Sameer Malhotra A-3/77, Paschim Vihar New Delhi MBA in Operation Management from ISBM, Pune Assistant Manager