Get the best brains on your side. Watch Topper TV! Log on to www.topperlearning.

com Call 0120 4646900 or e-mail us at contactus@topperlearning.com 1 Class X, Biology Chapter: Life Processes Topic Common slips How to avoid them!

Nutrition Green plants are the

only organisms capable of synthesizing their own food. Green plants as well as certain bacteria synthesize their own food. Remember auto means self and since they can make their own food, they are called autotrophs.

Nutrition The food not used by

the body is stored as glucose in living organisms. In plants, glucose is stored in the form of starch. In animals and humans, it is stored in the form of glycogen.

Nutrition in plants
Since photo means light, photosynthesis is completed during the day. Though the first two steps of photosynthesis take place in the presence of light, the last step ie reduction of carbon dioxide into glucose, takes place in the dark, at night.

Nutrition in humans
Digestion of food takes place in the small intestine. The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth by action of the saliva, while digestion of proteins starts in the stomach and digestion of fats largely occurs in the small intestine.

Remember with the help of this mnemonic! - Come In My Palace In Summers For Ice Skating - Carbohydrates In Mouth, Proteins In Stomach and Fats In Small intestine. Note: Students, remember that digestion is completed in the small intestine.

Nutrition in humans
Digestion of proteins needs an acidic medium. Remember, the enzymes which end with sin are related to protein digestion. Pepsin is the ONLY protein digesting Get the best brains on your side. enzyme which needs an acidic medium. Trypsin, another protein digesting enzyme needs an alkaline medium.

Respiration
Aerobic respiration takes place in mitochondria. The conversion of glucose into a pyruvate molecule takes place in cytoplasm, while oxidation of the pyruvate molecule into carbon dioxide and water, takes place in the mitochondria.

Respiration in plants
Plants generate oxygen during respiration. During the day, CO2 generated during respiration is used for photosynthesis and so, oxygen is released. While at night since there is no photosynthesis, like all animals and humans, plants take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide.

Respiration
Anaerobic respiration does not produce any energy. 2 moles of ATP are produced during anaerobic respiration.

Transport of gases in humans

Carbon dioxide is transported as Carboxy haemoglobin. Carbon dioxide is soluble in water, and is therefore mostly transported in the dissolved form, in our blood. Poisonous carbon monoxide if inhaled is transported in the form of carboxy hemoglobin.

Circulation in humans
Pulmonary vein carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs. Remember arteries carry blood away from heart so the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs. Remember with the help of this mnemonic! - Peter and Cathy drive BMW. - Pulmonary Artery Carries Deoxygenated Blood. The pulmonary artery is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood while the pulmonary vein is the only vein that brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Circulatory system in Humans

In the diagram of the human heart, the right side is wrongly labeled as left. Remember: the diagram is facing you So, on your right hand is the left side of human heart and vice versa!

Transportation in plants
Glucose is transported in the phloem tissue. Glucose synthesized by the process of photosynthesis is converted into sucrose

for transportation.

Excretion
When asked to draw the diagram of nephron, students often draw a neuron instead. The main function of kidneys is to filter wastes out of the body. The nephrons also have the sound of f. The f stands for filtration.

Excretion
In the diagram of nephron, the Bowmans capsule is made open from both sides. The Bowmans capsule is a cup-shaped, double membrane structure. There is a network of capillaries called Glomerulus in the hollow of cup. While the base of the cup is closed and leads to a tubular structure. General In a diagram, students tend to focus on shading and beauty! When you practice, emphasise on drawing a technically correct diagrame and on labeling it correctly. ---END---