PROPOSED SYLLABUS OUTLINE FOR B.

A (LAW) HAMDARD SCHOOL OF LAW, KARACHI

YEAR 1
Semester 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. General English-I History of the Sub-Continent Economics-I Mathematics-I (Calculus) Islamic Studies 6 credits 4 credits 4 credits 4 credits 4 credits Total: 22 credits Semester 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. General English-II Political Science Urdu Language The Pakistani Legal System Accounting and Finance 6 credits 4 credits 6 credits 4 credits 4 credits Total: 24 credits Year 1 Credit total: 46

YEAR 2
Semester 3 1. Economics-I 2. Literature 3. Mathematics-II (Probability & Statistics) 4. Sociology 5. Logic and Critical Reasoning Semester 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Legal Language and Legal Research International Relations Introduction to Legal Reasoning Pakistan Studies Computer Skills 4 credits 4 credits 4 credits 4 credits 4 credits Total: 20 credits Year 2 credit total: 40 4 credits 4 credits 4 credits 4 credits 4 credits Total: 20 credits

B.A. Total credits: 86

ASSESSMENT & GRADING A courses credit number is allocated based on two main factors: The number of hours spent in-class The number of hours of work expected of a student outside class Most courses have been assigned a credit weightage of 4. This amounts to an approximate total of 4 hours spent in class each week. These may be utilized in 2 hour classes twice a week, or in an arrangement most preferable to the instructor. In addition to in-class teaching, the students are assigned homework assignments and are quizzed and/or required to make presentations in class depending on the instructors course design. The 3 courses that have been allocated 6 credits are intended to bring the students up to a standard university level in the English and Urdu language. The additional credit burden reflects more hours in class as well as extra amount of assignments and out-of-class workload. Students are expected to achieve a high level of understanding and confidence with regard to both languages, be able to address audiences, make presentations, and write papers effectively. It is left to the personal discretion of each instructor to divide the course assessment. The single mandatory component is a final exam weighing between 50 70% of the entire grade. The remaining 30 50% may be assessed as per the instructors choice. This assessment may be based on term papers, class participation, attendance, quizzes, assignments or in-class presentations. (Note: this is not an exhaustive list) Grading will be absolute so that individual student grades remain unaffected by their peers. Details of grading cut-offs and letter grade point allocation are given below.

MARKS AND GRADE POINT ALLOCATION The courses will have an absolute grading mark of: Mark Range 100 95 95 90 90 85 85 80 80 75 75 70 70 65 65 60 60 55 50 45 45 and below Grade A+ A AB+ B BC+ C CD F

Each grade will correspond to a grade point, which will be used to calculate a students grade point average. Breakdown is as follows: Performance Exceptional Outstanding Excellent Very Good Good Average Satisfactory Low Pass Marginal Pass Unsatisfactory Fail Letter Numeric A+* A AB+ B BC+ C CD F* 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.3 2.0 1.7 1.0 0.0 Equivalent

Withdrawn W** Withdrawn while Failing WF** Withdrawn while Passing WP** Incomplete I*** Pass/No-credit P/NC***** A+ and F are absolute grades. The other grades (A-D) are awarded on the basis of relative performance. ** W, WF and WP have no numeric equivalent and units for withdrawn courses will not be counted towards the units taken for the quarter.

DETAILED COURSE DESCRIPTIONS

YEAR 1
SEMESTER 1
1. GENERAL ENGLISH-I Objective: The course provides students with an essential introduction to basic English language skills. Topics: A. Vocabulary (Communication Skills). 1. Use of a dictionary for words and idiomatic expressions. 2. Use of a legal lexicon. B. Grammar and Usage (Communication Skills). 1. Simple sentence-its structure. a. Tenses and Concord. Noun Modifiers (determiners, prepositional phrases, clauses). b. Basic Transformations. (i) Passives. ( ii) Negative Questions. (iii) Question. 2. Complex and Compound Sentences (use of connectives). 3. Conditionals. 4. Reported Speech. 5. Question Tags and Short Responses. 6. Common Errors. C. Comprehension Skills. 1. Relating Comprehensions. 2. Listening comprehensions with speech reference to make lecture notes. D. Composition Skills. 1. Paragraph Writing. 2. Formal Correspondence. 3. Summarizing. a. Translation from Urdu, and/or a regional language into English or vice versa. b. Prcis writing. (The question on prcis-writing shall always be available as an option to the question on Translation). Recommended Texts: The Great Automatic Grammatizator by Roald Dahl Eats, Shoots and Trees 2. HISTORY OF THE SUB-CONTINENT

Objective: The course tries to establish general pattern of history, a feeling for the historical dimension and different times and places in general with a specific courses of the sub-continent. Topics: A. Ancient Period: Ancient Subcontinents Cultural Heritage: Social, Political, Law, Religion and Philosophy. A General Study in Nature, Aims, Functions of the State, Republics, Village Administration and Legal Institutions in Ancient India. B. Medieval Period: 1. Farabi, Gazzali. Ibne Arabi 2. Yajnavalkya, Shukracharya, Ramchandra Pant Amatya. 3. Social Structure. 4. Position of Women. 5. Sufism. 6. Bhakti Cult. 7. Law and Legal Institutions. 8. The socializing of Hindu Muslim Cultures. 9. Mughal Kingship. 10. Mansabdari System. 11. Mughal Religious Policy. 12. The Agrarian System under the Mughals. 13. The Agrarian System in the Deccan. 14. Village Communities. C. Modern Period: 1. The British East India Company & Development of Authority: Foundation and early Development. a. Power Derived from Crown and Parliament. b. From the Great Mughals and the others, Government and Organization of Companys Factories. 2. The Second Carnatic War (1749-55), the Third Era Carnatic War (175863), Failure of the French. 3. Warren Hastings: Judicial Reforms, Revenue Administration, the Constitutional Development, Hastings and his Council, Supreme Council and the Supreme Court, Impeachment. 4. Marquis Cornwallis: Permanent Settlement of Bengal, Judicial Reforms. 5. Marquis Wellesley: The Subsidiary Alliance System. 6. Earl of Minto: The Charter Act, 1813. 7. Lord William Cavendish-Bentinck : Reforms under Bentinck. The Charter Act of 1833, Raja Ram Mohan Roy and his Brahmo Samaj. 8. Clemency Canning: The Mutiny of 1857, Queens Proclamation of 1858, Indian Council Act of 1861. 9. Local Self Government, Education, Illbert Bill. 10. Marquis of Lansdowne: The Indian Council Act of 1892.

11. Earl of Minto: The Morley-Minto Reforms Act 1909, Communalism and the Muslim League. 12. Viscount Chelmsford: The Government of India Act 1919, Diarchy. 13. The Government of India Act, 1935. 14. The Econimic History of India during British Period. Recommended Text: TBA 3. ECONOMICS-I Objective: This course introduces students to the general principles of economics, providing them with a basic understanding of demand- supply, market types, business organizations etc. with a specific focus on Pakistans economy. Topics: A. General Principles of Economics: 1. Economics as Social Science, Importance of Economics for promoting social welfare and social justice, Different economic systems, Free enterprise, Planned socialist economics and Mixed economics, Economics and Law, Interrelations. 2. a) Demand Determinants, Price and Demand, Law of Demand, Elasticity of Demand. b) Type of Business Organizations- Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Joint Stock Company, Co-operative Organization. c) Concept of Costs, Opportunity Costs, Total Average and marginal Costs, Fixed and variable Costs, Short and long Term Costs. d) External and Internal Economics and Diseconomies. e) Supply of Firm and market Supply. f) Market-Type of Market, Characteristics of Competition, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly. 3. Concept of Equilibrium, of Firm and Industry. 4. Factors of production and their reward, Labour, Collective bargaining, Wages, Interest and profits. 5. National Income-Estimates of National Income, Saving Investments in Pakistan. 6. Definitions and functions of Money, Money in the modern economy, Role of credit and the banking system with special reference top Pakistan, Types of banking institutions, State Bank of Pakistan and its function, Commercial banks and their functions, Money and capital market-their characteristics. 7. IMF and IBRD-Role and functions, their assistance to the developing countries with special reference to India. B. Pakistan: Economics:

1. Meaning of Economic growth and development-Factors affecting economic development, Population growth, Technological progress and economic growth, Strengths and weaknesses of India as developing economy. 2. Profile of the Pakistans economy, Poverty and income distribution, Rural and urban poverty, Age composition, Urbanization and sex ratio, Problems and causes of unemployment, Underemployment, Seasonal unemployment, Disguised unemployment, Educated unemployment. 3. Importance of agriculture in Pakistans economy, Productivity in agriculture, Rationale of tenancy laws, land consolidation and land ceiling reforms, Problem of landless labour, Agricultural, finance, Technological change and scale of cultivation, Marketing of agriculture produce and role of intermediaries. 4. The process of industrial growth in Pakistan since independence/highlights of industrial policy since independence; large, medium, small scale and cottage, industries, public sector, private sector and joint sector, sources of industrial finance. 5. Logic of Pakistans development strategy-Planning concept, Approach and process, a review of objectives and performance of Five-year plans in Pakistan, the processes of Economic Policies; their integrated effect on the Macro and micro levels; . 6. Changing Trends in the pattern of Pakistans foreign trade and Export promotion and import substitution. Recommended Texts: N. Gregory MNKIW (2004). Principles of Economics. Third Edition. The Dryden Press. 4. MATHEMATICS-I (CALCULUS) Objective: This course is the primary mathematics class that all students are required to take. It brings students up to speed with university level mathematics. At the end of the course students should have learnt familiarity with real and complex numbers, the Cartesian, and polar coordinate systems, functions and their graphs, trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions, Algebra (systems of linear equations, quadratic equations, polynomials and their roots), vectors in the plane, Conic sections (parabola, hyperbola, and ellipse), techniques of differentiation and integration. Topics: 1. Review of functions, Introduction to limits, continuity, the derivative, 2. Differentiation of polynomials, trigonometric functions, geometric meaning of the derivative, the exponential function and its derivative; 3. More on exponentials, Product and Quotient Rules 4. Linear Approximations, Maxima Minima 5. Mean Value Theorem and LHopitals rule 6. The Chain Rule, Implicit Differentiation 7. Inverse functions and their Derivatives

8. Riemann Sums and the Definite Integral, Properties of the Integral, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus 9. Integrals of elementary functions, Numerical Integration 10. Integration by parts 11. Trigonometric Integrals, Trigonometric Substitution 12. Partial Fractions, Improper Integrals 13. The real numbers and absolute value, integer and rational exponents, polynomials and factoring. 14. Inequalities, rectangular coordinates, the complex number system. 15. Graphs and symmetry, equations of lines, functions and their graphs. 16. Techniques in graphing, methods of combining functions, linear and quadratic functions. 17. Functions: Applied functions: Setting up equations, maximum and minimum problems, polynomial and rational functions. Exponential functions, and logarithmic functions. Properties of logarithms and applications. Trigonometric functions of real numbers, graphs of the sine and cosine functions. 18. Trigonometry Graphs of the tangent and the reciprocal functions, the addition formulas, further identities. Trigonometric equations. The inverse trigonometric functions. Right-triangle trigonometry, right-triangle applications, the law of sines, and the law of cosines. Vectors in the plane: a geometric approach. Vectors in the plane, an algebraic approach. Scalar product. The parabola, the ellipse and the hyperbola. Introduction to polar coordinates. Division of polynomials. The remainder theorem and the factor theorem. The fundamental theorem of algebra. The conjugate roots theorem 19. System of two linear equations in two unknowns. Gaussian elimination. Matrices. The inverse of a square matrix. Determinants and Cramers rule. Recommended Text: Calculus by Gilbert Strang 5. ISLAMIC STUDIES Objective: This course is designed to familiarize students with the Islamic tradition, to encourage them to independently engage that tradition and to ascertain its relevance to the modern individual and society. It aims to help students understand the Islamic tradition on its own terms. This will form the basis for further elective study in Islamic studies, if so desired. Topics: Imaan and Allah

Tauheed Shirk Free will and predestination Quraan Comparative monotheism Islam, actions and prayer Islamic History I: Orientalist reconstruction Islamic History II: Individual society & politics Islamic History III: Muslim Spain Islamic History IV: the prophetic period Prophecy Hadith Sunnah: Faith and deeds Islam and secularism Ideologies and modernism Islamic law Pluralism and diversity in scholarship Ihsaan and Islamic spirituality Inner development Art and architecture Jihad Religion and science Islam and the west Islam, women and gender

Recommended Texts: The Vision of Islam in Sachiko Murata and William C. Chittick (Saint Paul: Paragon House, 1994) History of Islamic Spain (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1977

SEMESTER 2
6. GENERAL ENGLISH-II Objective: This course is meant to transition students from the secondary school level to the university level of academic writing. Students will be made to practice various forms of writing: from personal essays, to the research paper. They will be taught to write descriptive, argumentative and persuasive prose. Students will also be rigorously trained to avoid plagiarism, and use proper methods of citation in all their academic work. Topics: A. Vocabulary: 1. Major categories of word formation in English with special reference to expressions of Latin and French origin. 2. The use of word finder or thesaurus for locating synonyms, near synonyms and antonyms. 3. Words often confused. 4. One word substitution. 5. Certain set exercises and phrases in common use. B. Speech Training: 1. Consulting use of dictionary for ascertaining correct pronunciations. 2. Reading aloud with proper accentuation and pauses. 3. Practice in guided oral presentation and pauses. 4. Practice in spontaneous oral presentation and group discussion. C. Comprehension Skills: 1. Reading comprehensions of suitable narrative, descriptive and discursive prose passages. 2. Comprehension exercises with emphasis on pinpointing the logical argument, separating theoretical devices and logical fallacies. 3. Application of B1 and B2 to materials drawn from legal notices, petitions, appeals, judgments, court orders, statutes, bills, rules, etc. D. Composition Skills: a. Sentence-building exercises with special reference to word patterns and common Indian errors associated with them. b. Composite sentence linking exercise with the help of cohesive devices as pronouns, adverbs, conjunction, articles, etc. with special emphasis on legal writing. c. Prcis writing, summarizing and briefing. d. Brief writing and drafting of reports. e. Essay writing on topics of legal interest. Recommended Texts: Eats, Shoots and Leaves, New York: Gotham Books, 2004 MLA Handbook Under the Nuclear Shadow by Arundhati Roy

7. INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE Objective: This course introduces students to the basic concepts and ideas of Political Science in the areas of political theory, comparative politics, and international relations. As such, the course offers a survey of the basic concepts which animate discussion about the nature of society, government and politics. Students are forced to try and understand politics by exploring how conflicting interests, quest for power, justice, rights and legitimacy shape political processes, worldwide. This course will enable students to comprehend the social, political and economic forces that have historically constituted the purpose and practice of politics so that they may be conscious of the conceptual and ideological basis of their own political thinking as well as that of others. It also seeks to introduce students to the systematic study of politics so that they may understand the interplay between ideologies, institutions and personalities that shape politics in the modern world. The course will provide students with knowledge and analytical tool for greater civic engagement as citizens of Pakistan and serve as a preparatory study for students majoring in Political Science and as a general overview for students of other concentrations. Topics: A. Political Theory : a) Conception of State and Government. a. Theories of origin of State. b. Nation, Nationalism and Internationalism. b) Political Concepts: a. Justice, Equality, Rights, Fraternity, Law, Liberty. c) Main Current Western Political Thoughts: a. Ancient Thought : Plato-Concept of ideal State, Justice and law. b. Medieval Thought; St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas. c. Modern Thoughts. d. Liberalism-Concept, J. S. Mill, Modern Liberalism, Democratic Socialism-various Schools of Socialism-Fabian Socialism, Syndicalism and Guild Socialism- Marxism-Application of Marxism in USSR-Marxist Thought in South Asia and South East Asia. B. Political Organization: a) Organizations of Government: Legislature, Executive and Judiciary. The doctrine of separation of powers/checks and balances. The principles of Independence of Judiciary. Judicial Review. b) Forms of Government: i. Unitary and Federal. ii. Quasi Federal. iii. Parliamentary and Presidential. iv. Other Forms-Dictatorship, Military Rule, Monarchy. c) Representation: Types-Territorial, Proportional, Functional. Its Importance. d) Public Opinion and Participation, Formation and Expression of Public Opinion. Role of Media of Communication.

The course will also discuss issues such as: 1. Legitimization and obligations/power and authority. 2. Main currents of western political thought. a. Classical: Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Hegel, Aristotle. b. Modern: Karl Marx, Robert Dahl. c. Views on concept of state and classification of state. 3. Political obligations, Utilitarianism a. Bentham Jeremy. b. J. S. Mill. 4. Concepts of political and legal sovereignty. 5. Totalitarian state, Fascism and Nazism. 7. Marxism and Leninism 8. Theories of punishment. Recommended Texts: Andrew Heywood, Politics. London: Macmillan Publishers, 1997 Robert Jackson and Doreen Jackson. A Comparative Introduction to Political Science. New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 1997 Ellen Grigsby. Analyzing Politics: An Introduction to Political Science. USA: Wadsworth, 2002 8. URDU LANGUAGE Objective: This course is a one of its kind; it is designed specifically to aid young, aspiring advocates in their practice before the District Judiciary in Pakistan. Students are taught reading skills, as well as advocacy skills in their national language. This course aims at helping students develop a positive, constructive and practical approach to effective written and oral communication in business and professional settings. It is expected that at the end of the course students will be able to communicate in clear, concise correspondence to meet the diverse needs and multiple purposes of business, social and legal communications. A large percentage of Pakistans population is illiterate and ninety nine percent of the people languishing in jail are poor, it is this strata of society that has no access to education and cannot speak in English. To accommodate these persons in legal practice, and so as to ensure optimal communication between the client, the lawyer and the judge, students will learn to articulate their thoughts, as well as their legal arguments in Urdu. Recommended Text: TBA 9. THE PAKISTANI LEGAL SYSTEM Objective: The course is an introduction to the basics of the Pakistani Legal System. It assumes that ordinary citizens are generally little acquainted with the system of law that governs them and will therefore attempt to provide that acquaintance. It is expected that by the end of the course students will have a clear basic idea of the legal system of Pakistan enabling them to broadly understand the whole business of

rights, duties, and administration of law and justice as also the everyday socio-political debates that often seem to hinge on legal and constitutional questions. Topics: 1. The Constitution and other laws introduction to The Legislature(s) The Executive The Judiciary & the Separation of Powers 2. The role of the the President and the Parliament (Majlis e Shoora) 3. Legislation by Parliament Legislation by PresidentLegislative relations between the Federation and Provinces 4. The Governors & The Provincial AssembliesLegislation by Provinces & Governors 5. The Federal Government and the Provincial Governments--Administrative Relations between the Federation and ProvincesAmendments to the Constitution (and other laws)---Attorney General & Advocates General 6. Constitutional Courts--The Supreme Court, the High Courts and the Federal Shariat CourtRemoval of Judges 7. Substantive and procedural laws (civil and criminal) 8. Constitutional Remedies--Original Jurisdiction and Powers of Constitutional Courts---Contempt of Court 9. AppealRevision--ReviewArbitration--Time bars--Artificial Person Rules & Regulations--Personal Laws--Ouster ClausesNatural Justice 10. Dissolution of the National AssemblyTariq Rahims Casethe Powers of the President 11. Dissolution of Provincial Assemblies 12. Repugnancy of laws qua Fundamental Rights, the Constitution and Shariah 13. Right to LifeShehla Zias Case 14. The Amendments to the constitution and its effects Recommended Text: The Constitution of Pakistan, 1973 Civil Courts Ordinance 1962 Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 The Pakistan Penal Code 1860 Code of Criminal Procedure 1898 Qanun e Shahadat Order 1984 Arbitration Act, 1940 The Limitation Act, 1908 10. PRINCIPLES OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING Objective: In this course, the aim is to help students learn the key concepts of Accounting, preparation of financial statements and to enable them to analyze financial statements to glean the meaning from them. An introduction to the fundamentals of financial statement interpretation will also be presented. The main emphasis of this course will be placed on the basic framework of accounting so as to provide the student with an understanding of the fundamental accounting principles and concepts.

Topics: 1. Introduction & Overview Of Financial Accounting; Accounting, As An Information System Accounting Concepts, Assumptions & Principals Financial Statements, Financial Position Communicating Through Financial Statements 2. Analyzing and Recording Transaction Measurement Issues, Accounts And Charts Of Accounts Debits & Credits; Double Entry system Journalizing and posting 3. Measuring Business Transaction The Trial Balance Recording And Posting Transactions Preprinting Financial statements Adjusting Accounts and Preparing Financial Statements Revenue recognition Profitability Measurement-The Role Of Business Income Cash And Accrual Accounting Adjusting Accounts and Preparing Financial Statements Adjusting Accounts and preparing Financial Statements The Adjustment Process 4. Completing the Accounting Cycle Closing Entries & the Post Closing Trial Balance Accounting for Merchandising Operations Management Issues In Merchandising Business Income Statement For Merchandising Business Valuation Of Inventory And Inventory Systems Inventories and Cost of Sales Management Issues Related To Accounting Of Inventories Comparison And Impact Of Inventory Decisions Issues Related To Valuing Inventory- Conservatism Short Term Liquid Assets Cash & Cash Equivalent Bank Reconciliation 5. Accounting for Receivables Accounts Receivable Notes Receivables Disposing of Receivables 6. Plant Assets, Natural Resources & Tangibles Long Term Assets Management Issues Related To Accounting Of Long Term Assets Accounting For Depreciation; Disposal Of Depreciable Assets Accounting For Intangible Assets And Natural Resources Current Liabilities Management Issues Related To Accounting For Current Liabilities Common Categories of Current Liabilities & Contingent Liabilities. 7. Accounting For Corporation

Contributed Capital Accounting Related Management Issues. Components Of Stockholders Equity Accounting -Stock Issues, Treasury Stocks & Stock Options A Discussion On Common Stocks & Common Stocks Investment Perspective A Discussion On Stock Dividends Splits; Warrants Etc The Statement of Cash Flow An Overview Of Statement Of Cash Flow The Statement of Cash Flow The Indirect Method of preparing The Cash Flow Statement The Discussion on Cash Flow Statement and Exercises 8. Analysis of Financial Statements Objectives Of Financial Statement Analysis Standard For Financial Statement Analysis Tools And Techniques Of Financial Analysis Analysis of Financial Statements Comprehensive Illustration Of Financial Analysis Ratios Evaluating Liquidity, Profitability, Solvency Etc Interpretation And Discussion On Financial Analysis 9. Review Of All Topics Review of Double Entry System Review of Balance Sheet & Income Statement Review of Statement Of Stockholders Equity And Cash Flow Review of Ratios Analysis Recommended Text: Principal of Financial Accounting Larson Wild and Chiappetta 17th Edition

YEAR 2
SEMESTER 3
6. ECONOMICS-II Objective: This course on the principles of microeconomics is meant to introduce students to the principles that are important to understand how modern economists think about the world and the principles that are required to understand current economic issues. The objective of the course is to provide students with a clear understanding of the basic competitive model, while also ensuring that students can quickly move on to explore the richness of modern economic analysis in areas such as imperfect competition, economics of information and technological change. This course will also seek to introduce students to concepts of business cycles, and will offer both the classical and Keynesian points of view. It will cover most topics by means of a graphical analysis, and integrate that with algebraic treatments whenever such integration is possible and useful. By the end of the course, students should be able to: understand how to understand theoretical models that help to understand the workings of the macro-economy; study by means of such models how key economic variables in the economy are determined; understand how different types of government policies work; distinguish between the classical and the Keynesian approaches to the study of macroeconomics. Topics: Introducing Microeconomics Budget Constraints Preferences Preferences and Utility Ordinal and cardinal ranking Capturing preferences via Indifference curves Capturing preferences via Utility functions Optimal Choice Interior Optimum Corner Optimum Applications of Indifference Curves Income and Substitution Effects Slutsky Equation Hicks Versus Slutsky Substitution Effects Demand Curve and Elasticity of Demand Consumer Surplus Equilibrium Production Functions and Technology

Returns to Scale Cost Function Cost curves in short run Cost curves in Long run Perfectly Competitive Markets Notion of Profit Maximisation Short run and Long run Supply Function Competitive Markets- Applications Imperfect Market Structure Monopoly and Price Discrimination Monopolistic Competition and Product Differentiation Introduction to Oligoply Markets Macroeconomic analysis in the Classical model, Keynesianism, price and wage rigidity. The relation between unemployment and inflation, the expectationsaugmented Phillips curve. The role of expectations in macroeconomic analysis; basic concepts, the role of expectations in the determination of bond prices and stock prices; expectations, consumption and investment; changes in the IS-LM model due to expectations, role of expectations in policy and output determination. Open economy macroeconomics. Exchange rates, basic concepts and determination; various exchange rate regimes. The IS-LM model in an open economy. Macroeconomic policy in an open economy with flexible exchange rates, and with fixed exchange rates. A closer look at monetary policy; principles of money supply determination, channels of monetary policy; the conduct of monetary policy: rules versus discretion. Government spending and its financing; government deficits and debt, Ricardian equivalence; Deficits and inflation.

Recommended Texts: Varian, H (Varian)- Intermediate Microeconomics; Norton and Company, 6th Edition. Besanko and Braeutigum (B&B)- MicroEconomics; An Integrated Approach, Wiley and Company, 2001. Abel, Andrew B and Ben S. Bernanke (2004): Macroeconomics, 5th edition, Addison Wesley, 2005 (AB) Oliver Blanchard (2006): Macroeconomics 4th edition, Prentice Hall, 2006 (Bl) Gregory N. Mankiw: Macroeconomics, 4th edition, Worth Publishers. (Ma) 7. LITERATURE This four credit introductory course does not assume that students have a prior knowledge of Literature. It seeks to introduce students to the distinguishing features of the principal genres of poetry, the novel, and drama through a close and sustained engagement with poems, plays, novels, and short stories drawn from a wide range of historical periods within the field of English studies. Non-fictional genres like biographies, autobiographies, letters, diaries, speeches, and documents will also receive

some attention. This course will also attempt to provide a broad overview of the discipline of English Studies, including Literary and Historical periods, Literary Movements, and Literary Theories. We will grapple with questions like the relationship of literary form to content and what, if anything is particularly and peculiarly literary about literary works. Notable among the questions that will come up for consideration is the tangled issue of canon formation and the politics surrounding canon formations. Objectives: To equip students with the critical skills and interpretive tools necessary to pursue more advanced courses in Literature. To develop in students a heightened sensitivity to and a deeper appreciation of the literariness manifest in literary works. Recommended Texts: M. H. Abrams (B.1916), Orientation of Critical Theories John Millington Synge (1871-1909), The Elements of Drama 8. MATHEMATICS 2 (PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS) Objective: This course covers fundamental statistical tools required for decision-making purposes. This course also teaches the basics of probability techniques, for standard probabilistic analysis. By the end of this course students should be able to do the following Convert the raw data into presentable/meaningful form Able to perform correlation and regression analysis Appropriate tests to make a decision Topics:
Introduction to Probability Sample Space Events Counting Sample points Probability of an event Additive Rules Conditional Probability Multiplicative Rules Bayes Rule Concept of a Random Variable Discrete Probability Distributions Continuous Probability Distributions Joint Probability Distributions Mean of a Random Variable Variance and Covariance Means & Variances of Linear Combinations of Random Variables Chebyshevs Theorem Discrete Uniform Distribution

Binomial & Multinomial Distributions Hypergeometric Distribution Negative Binomial and Geometric Distributions Poisson Distribution & Poisson Process Continuous Uniform Distribution Normal Distribution Areas Under the Normal Curve Applications of the Normal Distribution Gamma & Exponential Distributions Applications of the Exponential and Gamma Distributions Lognormal Distribution Weibull Distribution Comprehensive Problems Functions of Random Variables Transformations of Variables Moments & Moment Generating Functions Simulation of rvs Basic Probability, Expected value Random Variables, Binomial and Poisson distribution and their fitting. Concept of Statistics, Basic Terminology, Experiment control experiment, Single blind and double blind, Descriptive and Analytical study, Cross Sectional and Cohort study, Variable, Independent and Dependent Variable, Collection and classification of data Summarization of data, graphical representation of qualitative and quantitative data, Histogram for equal and unequal interval, Descriptive statistics (measures of Location and Dispersion) Coefficient of Variation and Application of Chebyshevs inequality Fitting of straight line Method of Least square Linear Regression, Fitting and interpretation the coefficients, R 2 , standard error of estimate etc. Continue Linear Regression, Simple and Rank Correlation, Survey sampling and different sample design, Estimation of sample size, Sampling distribution of mean and idea of central limit theorem and standard error. Confident interval for mean, proportion and variance for single and two samples. Hypothesis tests for mean for single and two samples 2 Chi square distribution, Goodness of fit test 2 Independence test, Contingency Tables

Recommended Texts: Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists, Walpole.Myers.Myers.Ye. Statistics IIIrd Edition by Freedman, Pisani & Purves 9. SOCIOLOGY Objective: This is a survey course that aims to introduce students to the origins of the discipline of Sociology, and provide them with a sociological perspective on a range of

socio-political issues. We will focus on three central themes- social change, social inequality, and social harmony versus conflict- and combine selective theoretical texts with case studies to study the mechanisms and institutions that can trigger, foster, sustain, or undermine each of the three processes. The theoretical texts introduce students to the origins, basic premises, and key concerns of the discipline. The case studies introduce students to a variety of conceptual tools and methodological approaches used in sociological research and analysis. Topics: I. General Principles: 1. Sociology-Definition-Nature, Scope. 2. Sociology of Law-Significance of the study of sociology for law students. 3. Human society-its nature-Problem for social order-Need for social controlProblem of social order in modern society-Deviance-Causes and implications. 4. Means of social control-Values and norms, Types of norms viz. Folkways, mores, traditions, religions, conventions and laws (customary and enacted). 5. Society and law-Laws as means of social control-their efficiency and limitations-Laws as means of social change-their limitations laws and moral order in society-Social change and its implications for law. 6. Social institutions : a. Marriage-Definitions-Types-Functions-Divorce. b. Family-Types and functions (Family in modern society). c. Political Institutions: Government-Types-Functions. d. Religion-Definition-Functions, Religion in modern society. e. Social satisfaction and Contradictions-Its universality-Class System - Property as a basis of class formation. II. Sociology of Pakistan: 1. Components of Pakistans Social System: a. Major problems-Constitutional provisions-Evaluation of government measures of removing the obstacles in social integration b. Problem of Minorities in Pakistan Constitutional provisions with regard to Minorities. c. Rural-Urban-Extent and nature of urbanization in Pakistan. 2. Pakistan as plural society-Linguistic religions-Cultural regional variations-their implications in national integration. 3. Law as means of social control in Pakistan: Constitutional goals viz. Equality. Liberty, Islam-Use of legislative measures to achieve these goals-Social legislation with regard to family, marriage, gender, children and labour. 4. Changing nature of Pakistans society: Modernity versus traditionModernization-Westernization-Impact of modernization as family caste, marriage and village, change from caste to class. Recommended Texts: Susan J. Ferguson (ed.) Mapping the Social Landscape: Readings in Sociology. Boston: McGraw-Hill. 2005.

Schaefer, Richard T. Sociology Matters. Boston, Mass.: McGraw-Hill, c2004. Collins, Randall. 1992. Sociological Insight: An Introduction to Non-Obvious Sociology. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.

10. LOGIC AND CRITICAL REASONING Objective: The course has been designed to introduce to the students the methods and techniques used to evaluate arguments. It assumes no prior knowledge of either philosophy or mathematics. The course covers topics in informal logic, deduction (both Aristotelian and modern) and induction and its relationship to scientific reasoning. This course will help students sharpen their reasoning talents by equipping them with the skills to assess arguments. It will increase the capacity of students to formulate cogent arguments and help students examine and analyze fallacies. The course will help students understand the nature of scientific explanation and to distinguish it with other types of explanation. Topics: What is logic? Propositions, arguments (deductive and inductive), validity and soundness Disagreements, Definition and Classification Informal fallacies o Fallacies of Relevance o Fallacies of Presumption o Fallacies of Ambiguity Classical Deductive Logic o Immediate inferences: Square of opposition, obversion, conversion, and contraposition o Syllogism: Categorical, Hypothetical and Disjunctive Modern Deductive Logic o Truth Table o Formal Deductions o Quantification Inductive Logic: o Inductive Generalization and Inductive Analogy o Causality and Scientific Explanation o Evaluation of Scientific hypothesis Recommended Texts: Copi, Irving Introduction to Logic, New York, Macmillan Co. 9th Edition, 1998. [Students are advised to get the 11th edition 2003 (Pakistani reprint available)] Barker, Stephan Elements of Logic, McGraw Hill, 1980. Kelly, David The Art of Reasoning, New York, W.W. Norton & Co. 2nd Expanded Edition, 1994.

SEMESTER 4
6. LEGAL LANGUAGE AND LEGAL RESEARCH Objective: This course introduces students to legal language as well as legal research methods so as to prepare them for the bachelor in laws program. Topics: A. Vocabulary 1. Major categories of words and phrases of foreign languages that are used in English, especially used in legal field. 2. Discrimination between synonyms and words often confused. 3. Certain set expressions and phrases in common use in legal usage. 4. Rephrasing of given sentences in different ways so as to make it milder, strongest, more defensive, more offensive or the like. B . Introduction to legal terms Proper understanding of some legal terms frequently used in legal writing. C. Composition skill 1. Sentence building exercise with special attention to word order, avoidance of ambiguity and vagueness and avoidance of obscurity. 2. Sentence linking exercises with the help of cohesive devices such as pronouns, adverts, conjunctions etc. with special emphasis on legal writing. 3. Essay writing on topics of interest to the legal profession. D. Comprehension and Appreciation of legal prose 1. Practice in slow careful reading of functional prose in general and legal prose in particular. 2. Practice in fast reading and retaining the content in the form of notes. 3. Exercise in note taking from speech as well as writing and prcis writing. 4. Answering comprehension question on non-legal passages with emphasis on identifying logical fallacies and persuasive devices/the non-legal passages should be narrative, descriptive, and expository and argumentative/the legal passages should be drawn from notices, plaints, petitions, court orders, suits etc. 5. Expressing opinions on the given statements upholding or denying the contents in the statements. E. Legal Writing Exercises on writing documents such as Will, Gift-deed, Lease, Sale-deed, Powerof-Attorney. Recommended Text: TBA 7. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Objective: This course is an introductory course that offers an understanding of the vibrant, intellectual tradition of world politics. At its most fundamental, the course concerns itself with the connections between politics and economics in an era of interdependence, and takes this relation to analyze the domains of International Political

Security, International Political Economy, International Political Community, and International Political Ecology. The course also looks at the main historical developments that have shaped ideas, history and the theory of international politics and relations. Topics: A: Part I 1. Components of national Power. Population, Geography, resources, Economic Organisation, Technology, Military. 2. Limitations on National Power-International morality, Public Opinion, International Law. 3. Major sources of conflict: East and West, North and South rivalries, territorial claims, resources and population migration. 4. Peaceful settlement of issues-Negotiation, Mediation, Conciliation, International arbitration and judicial settlement. 5. Alliances balance of power approach, collective security and disarmament. B: Part II 1. World communality, multi-national agencies. 2. Evolution of international organizations, League of Nations and United Nations. 3. Principal organs of the United Nations and their composition, functions and working. 4. UNDP, UNICEF, ILO WHO and other International agencies. 5. Regional organization, specialized agencies and International Nongovernmental organizations. C: Part III A. History of Courts: 1. Early administration of justice in Bombay, Madras and Calcutta up to 1726, Charter of 1726-Mayors Courts. 2. Warren Hasting Plan of 1772 relating to Adalat system, its reforms in 1774 and reorganisation in 1780. 3. Provisions of Regulating Act, 1773 relating to establishment composition, powers and functions of Supreme Courts at Calcutta, conflict between Supreme Court and G. G. in Council Act of 178 1. 4. Judicial Measures of Cornwallis 1787, 1790, 1793. 5. Conflicts arising out of the dual judicial system, Indian High Court Act, 1861, extent of amalgamation. High Courts under the Indian High Court of 1911, the Government of India Act, 1915 and the Government of India Act, 1935. 6. Privy Councils association with Indian judicial system, various kinds of appeals, special features of its decision and abolition of its jurisdiction over Indian decisions. 7. Modern judicial system under the Constitution of Pakistan. B. History of Legislature:

1. Legislative authority of the east India Company under the early Charters. 2. Changes under Regulating Act in Legislative authority Act of 1781, recognition by British parliament of the powers of the Governor and Council to make rules and Regulation. 3. Act of 1813 and extension of the legislative powers conferred on all the three Councils and subjection of the same to greater control. 4. Act of 1833 centralization and establishment of All India Legislature. 5. The Indian Council Act, 1861 - salient features-legislative and executive authorities-powers and functions. 6. Government of India Act, 1909 - salient features-legislative system, Morley Minto reforms, salient features, legislative and executive authorities-powers and functions. 7. Government of India Act, 1919 - (Monte-Ford Reforms), salient features-establishment of diarchy in the provinces, executive and legislative authority under the Act, powers and functions. 8. Government of Indian Act, 1935-salient features-All India Federation, Provincial autonomy, diarchy in the Centre, Position of the Governor-General under the Act. Executive and legislative authority in Centre and provinces, powers and functions. 9. Law Reforms, Law Commissions, Codification. C. History of the Legal Profession: 1. Legal profession in Pre-British India-Role, training and functions. 2. Law practitioners in the Mayors courts established under the Charter of 1726. 3. Organisation of legal profession under the Charter of 1774. 4. Legal profession in Companys Courts. 5. Provision for enrollment of Advocate, Vakil and Attorney under Legal Practitioners Act, 1853. 6. High Court under the Indian High Court Act of 1861 and provisions for the advocates. 7. Legal Practitioners Act, 1879-Report of the Indian bar Committee, 1923. 8. The Legal Practitioners and Bar Council Act 9. Pakistan Bar Council and Provincial Bar Councils: The Regulatory Authority, Their Role and Functions 10. The Bar Associations: Their role and functions 11. History of Law Reporting in Indo-Pakistan Recommended Texts: Lairson, Thomas D. & Skidmore, David. (2003 International Political Economy. London: Wadsworth. OBrien, Robert and Williams, Marc. (2004). Global Political Economy. London: Palgrave Macmillian.

Kegley Jr., Charles W. & Wittkope, Eugene R. (2004) World Politics: Trend & Transformation

8. INTRODUCTION TO LEGAL REASONING Objective: This course aims to develop the cognitive, critical reasoning, analytical and legal discourse skills of students by utilizing the socratic mode of dialogue. The students will acquire the following skills: gathering the relevant facts, issue spotting, the application of the law to the facts and advocacy. Case law method of teaching, with a focus on adversarial process, will transform the students to think like lawyers. In addition, the course will familiarize the students to landmark cases. Topics: 1. Constitutional Law i) Fundamental Non Economic Rights: Roe v. Wade ii) Scrutinizing Racial Classifications iii) The Separate But Equal Doctrine: a) Plessy v. Ferguson b) Brown v. Board of Education iii) Affirmative Action; Racial Classifications for Admission into Educational Institutions: Grutter v. Bollinger iv) Minorities and Freedom of Religion: Zaheer-ud Din v. State v) Scrutiny of Gender Classification at Public Institutions by the Judiciary: United States v. Virginia. vi) The Jurisdictional Limitations of the Courts Authority: Marbury v. Madison vii) Federalism-Related Limits on National Power: McCulloch v. Maryland 2. Property Law i) Acquisition of Property by Discovery: Johnson v. MIntosh ii) Acquisition of Property by Capture: Pierson v. Post. 3. Contract Law i) What Fulfills the Requirement of Consideration for the Creation of a Contract: Hamer v. Sidway 4. Tort Law i) Formalistic Approach to the Theory of Negligence: United States v. Carroll Towing Co. ii) Fiduciary Obligation Owed to Third Parties: Tarasoff v. Regents of the Univ. of California iii) Right to Life and the Environment: Shehla Zia v. WAPDA 5. Criminal Law i) The Right not to be Compelled to Incriminate Oneself; The Right to Remain Silent When in Custody: Ernesto Miranda v. Arizona 6. International Law i) Territorial Sovereignty and War Criminals: Attorney General of the Government of Israel v. Eichmann Recommended texts:

Case-law as needed per topic.

9. PAKISTAN STUDIES Objective The main purpose of this course is to introduce the students to the basic features of the history, law, politics, economics and international relations of Pakistan. The approach of this course is interdisciplinary and it aims to expose the students to the major controversies in the social sciences ranging from the creation of Pakistan to its current role in the increasingly globalized environment. The course aims to deepen understanding of the social and political movements that have shaped Pakistan society, its culture and heritage. It will explore in detail how the dynamics of monolithic society have shaped civic and political culture and examine the impact of regional and international environment on Pakistan domestic and foreign policy choices. Topics: The Partition of India and M. Ali Jinnah The Objective Resolution Debates within the Constituent Assembly The period of Constitutional Crisis The Constitution of Pakistan 1956 The First Martial Law Ayub Khans Basic Democracy The Constitutional Committee The Constitution of 1962 Ayub Khans Civilian Rule Presidential Elections War with India The fall of Ayub Khans Government The second Martial Law Constitutional Breakdown From East Pakistan to Bangla Desh

Democracy in transaction. 1977-1988 the period of Zia-ul-HaqueRule. Zulfiqar Ali Bhuttos Trial and execution. The religious social and political impact on the state. Democracy in transaction 2. The Fourth Martial Law and Musharafs eight years Rule. The effect of Musharaf policies on Pakistan. Confrontation between Musharaf and the Judiciary. Democracy in transition and Benazir Bhuttos Assosination. Pakistan: theocratic politics, Islamization and Democracy. Pakistan and Terrorism: a State in Siege.

Required Reading: Constitutional and Political History of Pakistan Khan Recommended Texts: A History of Pakistan and Its Origins Jaffrelot Pakistan: At the Crosscurrent of History (One World) Ziring

Hamid

Christophe Lawrence

Recommended Texts: Hamza Alavi Ethnicity, Muslim Society and Pakistan Ideology in Anita Weiss (ed.) Islamic Reassertion in Pakistan. Lahore: Vanguard Publishers, 1987 10. BASIC COMPUTER SKILLS This course teaches students one computer language, and teach them basic computer programming skills. Topics:

Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel Microsoft Power point Introduction to making a website Familiarity with hardware Typing skill development

Recommended Texts: Understanding Computes, Thomas H., Crowley Practical Computer Literacy, June PRSONS Computer Literacy BASICS: Microsoft Office 2007 Companion, Jennifer T. Campbell