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THE PROMTYPE

RF SYSTEM FOR THE 200 MeV LINAC FOR THE ALTERNATING J. Keane, R. Lankshear, J. Sheehan and R. Witkover Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, New York

GRADIENT SYNCHROTRO!?

Introduction The 200 MeV proton linac presently under struction at Brookhaven National Laboratory is of the program to increase the beam intensity the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron. The RF tem for the linac will power nine accelerator ities at a frequency of 201.25 MHz with a total power output of over 40 MW. Design Features conpart of syscavgasketing is applied to all panels and doors and windows to provide a minimum of 70 dB shielding at 200 MHz. High voltage interconnection of the is via a 60 kV rated triaxial cable with on" terminations keyed for the particular modules "molded locations.

The basic arrangement of the major RF system components is shown in Fig. 1. One complete RF station will supply power to one accelerator tank section. Each RF station comprises seven units and can be operated independently of the other RF stations. The power supply provides 60 kV 2 A via the charge control amplifier to charge the capacitor bank. The modulator controls the anode voltage delivered to the 7835 power amplifier. RF grid drive power at 350 kW is provided by the driver amplifier. Control of the RF system is exerted from a local control station (L.C.S.) where the necessary fault diagnosis and performance monitoring circuitry is located. The power amplifier output power of 5 Mw is delivered to the accelerator tank via a 12 in. 50 s2 coaxial line. Due to the large number of system components reliability is a major design consideration. More important is the "availability" or percentage of time the equipment is in an operating condition, which is stron ly influenced by the mean time to repair (MTTR). F For this reason an MTTR of one hour was the design goal placed on each unit. A 10 ton crane is installed in the RF equipment bay for handling purposes. Standardization of hardware has been one of the design objectives and system standards have been established. This concept has been extended to include complete subassemblies as far as is practicable. Cabinet Design and tinstruction

Eyelets on the top corners of the cabinets have been arranged for lifting the fully equipped units. (Maximum all up weight approx. 6 tons.) Blower and manifold systems provide filtered cooling air for components in the cabinets. Contro 1 Sys tern

The control of an RF station is exerted from a local control station (L.C.S.) where monitoring and measpring equipment will be available for fault Control of the diagnosis and performance checking. ac logic, HV logic and pulse logic systems is available at this location. All interconnections between the various RF system units will be routed via the local control station. Each L.C.S. will be connected directly to the Injector Control Room (I.C.R.). Each unit will contain its own control system enabling it to be run and tested. High Voltage Power Supply

The charge control amplifier, modulator, capacitor bank, and driver are housed in RF1 shielded cabinets. In keeping with the concept of fast replacement, each cabinet is removable in its entirety. High voltage compartments of the cabinets are accessible only after the operation of the manual grounding switch which grounds high voltage terminals and allows keys to be obtained for the cabinet doors and removal of HV connectors. RF1 *Work performed under the auspices U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. of the

The high voltage dc is obtained from a 460 V three phase, full wave transformer-rectifier input, load output. Full unit, rated at 60 kV, 2 A, full load to no load regulation is 15%. Compensated silicon diode strings with 3 to 1 PIV rating are The diode stacks used to provide rectification. are designed to be removable independent of the These transformer-rectifiers are transformer. housed in 4 ft. x 6 ft. x 6 ft. oil-filled steel tanks. The tanks are located outside the linac building in three groups of three. The ac switcha 3-phase 460 V vacuum contactor, is located gear, The HV dc is brought from inside the building. the units to the RF system located on the second floor by the means of triaxial high voltage cables which have factory-prepared connectors to mate with those on the equipment cabinets. Charge Control Amplifier

The high voltage dc from the transformerrectifier is applied to the plate of a Machlett LPT32 (a high p version of the ML80411 which serves as the series charging element for the capThis unit is called the charge conacitor bank. and is shown in Fig. 2. trol amplifier'

351

The floating deck circuitry consists of current viewing resistor, amplifiers, optical telemetry receivers and the LPT 32.

a link

The first 60 kV,2A transformer-rectifier unit has been received and has undergone preliminary acceptance tests. The results indicate the unit meets all of its design specification. The charge control amplifier has in the prototype RF system for 1000 hours of operation. Modulator The modulator netically focused Fig. 3). Due to these tubes are operation, where sary to maintain gradient. uses three Nachlett MLB618 magtriodes as output tubes (see their low drive power requirements, particularly suited to this type of fast linear ,,iodulation is necesa constant accelerator cavity
been

The current reference level is adjusted by an optical pulse width modulated telemetry link.3 A voltage developed across the current viewing resistor is compared with the reference voltage, amplified and applird to the LPT 32 grid, providing constant current charging of the capacitor bank. The open loop gain of the floating deck amplifiers is 63.0 dB. The charging logic provides gating of the charging current. If the charging logic is satisfied, then a signal sent by the optical link to the floating deck opens a shunt gate allowing the LPT 32 to conduct. Charging cant inues until the bank voltage as viewed by a voltage divider satisfies a comparator and cuts off the telemeter signal. (10 iJs to cut off.) The optical transmitter unit consists of an infrared light emitting gallium arsenide diode and its associated drive circuitry. The optical output is transmitted via quartz flexible fibre optics to a silicon pn photodiode detector. Electronic adjusL:wnt. of the current reference level provides a means of adjusting the charging current on a pulse to pulse basis such that the full interpulse period is used to charge the bank to the desired level. In this way, the minimum allowable current is always in power load on the utility used and the variations Lines is greatly reduced.
Capacitor

stalled mately

inapproxi-

The on/off command is telemetered to the flaating deck, via a solid state infrared optical system, where it drives a transistor amplifier used to control the screen grid of the 4 CW 10,000. The analog information is transmitted to the HV deck via a low level amplifier and the LPT 32 anode circuit which drives a bootstrapped cathode follower supplying the grid drive to the three paralleled output tubes, Initial the negative Yachlett has of a plate to ode surfaces anode current bility. difficulties were experienced due to grid current region of the XLHSlRs. modified the tube with the addition shield the grid from the lower cathwhich under certain anode voltage/ conditions was producing the insta-

Bank

The energy storage for the plate supply is provided by the capacitor bank. The sizing of the bank was such that the droop produced by a 400 +s, 300 A discharge, This requires a 40 @F was about 3 kV. bank. At 60 kV the capacitor bank stores 72 kJ. To protect the modulator and power amplifier tube (7835) in the event of a fault, a crowbar system is used to divert the stored energy to an energy dissipating resistor. If the 7835 is the source of the fault, the modulator is gated off to provide the first line of protection. If the fault is in the modulator or the modulator is unable to protect the 7835, the crowbar system is used to dump the capacitor bank. Sensing of an overcurrent is performed locally by means of a current transforn<~r on the output cable from the capacitor bank. When current is excessive, a trigger pulse is applied to the ignitor lead of a Tc,tal time from overcurrent tv ZG7248 ignitron. discharge of the ignitron is under 2 +s. When a crowbar occur-s, the charge control amplifier is inhibited for the remainder of the pulse to allow the ignitron to extinguish. The HVPS primary contactor is not opened unless 3 faults occur in 5 s. In addition to ovcrcurrent crowbars, the system will trigger if any crirrent flows when the modulator is Two independent sensing and intended to be off. triggering circuits and ignitrons will provide additional protection. A fault isolating logic circuit has also been designed to determine when and vhert: a failure in the crowbar sys tern has occurred .

Slewing rates of 40 kV/ps have been obtained; the maximum deviation from linear response of 4% will allow first order amplitude corrections to be. Work on the closed loop operation made open loop. of the modulator is currently in progress. Documentation of the modulator construction is complete and a contract for the construction is let with delivery of the first unit in May, 1969. Driver Amplifier

An RCA YlD68 amplifier provides the 200 MHz 350 kW drive power for the power amplifier. Amplification is prcvided by the 3 stage RF amplifier, using two 7651s followed by a 4616 output stage. Water manifolds, filament transformers and control wiring arc added to the basic amplifiers, and are connicted to a standard cabinet housing the p<ower supplies? capacitor bank and crowbar system. 4, shows the electrical drawing, Fig. A block arrangement, The anode 4616 is supplied Constant bank. contr<~l of the SCR control unit power supply, voltage for the screen modulated from a 20 pF 30 kV capacitor current charging and voltage level capacitor bank is provided by an in the primary of the 30 kV 0.5 A This unit alsc~ enables the power

352

supply to turn the crowbar.

off

rapidly

during

the

operation

of

housed in the vides a signal

filament routing

supply point Line

cubicle which to the L.C.S. System

pro-

The crowbar system is similar in construction and design to that used in the main capacitor bank with minor modifications, Screen modulation of the 4616 is provided by a 4 C X 1000 bootstrap amplifier driver by a transistorized amplifier mounted on the floating deck. A fibre optic light link connects the floating deck to the ground electronics. Two amplifiers have been in daily use for the past year with little or no trouble. One unit is used on the RF drive chain of the 50 MeV linac, the other as a source of RF power for test purposes in the 200 MeV linac development area. Documentation of the driver amplifier is virtually complete and a contract is let for the installation of power supplies, components and wiring of the power supply cabinet. The delivery of the first unit will be in June, 1969, Power Amplifier

Transmission

A twelve inch slluninum coaxial line system deLivers power from the amplifier t;, the linac tank. Each tank is driven by coaxial loops at the l/i and 3/4 points along the tank Length. Power is split by use of a 3/4 ~1 hybrid. Thsse same hybrids are used for the phase shifter that is in each of thl: branch lines delivering power to the tank (see The hybrid was developed at Brookhaven Fig. 5). Pc;wcr splits of 3 dB + 0.1 National Laboratory. dB were achieved with isolation exceedins 40 dB. Due to higher order moding in the tee sections, the characteristic impedance normally expected fcr the 12 in. coaxial lines in the hybrid had to be modif ied. All four arms of the hybrid ended up having a characteristic impedance of 34 fi. Preliminary measurements indicate that the coupling loops driving the linac tank can be mountThese ed on the air side of the vacuum window. tests indicated that the match position for the loop will be approximately 5 in, away from the tank Since the loop is completely in air the wall. mechanical design of a retractable Loctp is greatly The penetration of the loop will brsimplified. varied in order to achieve match at various beam The present design r>f the vacuw. intensities. window uses a 12 inch ceramic disc (Coors alumina l/94?. Designs of 12 inch elbows and dir-rctional couplers have been completed and high powt have been performed satisfnctxri ly . Kefct-ences 1. MIL Handbook 21711. C~ilaciti,r--1:aitk Tube; to be 1969.

The final amplifier in each of the nine RF system utilizes an RCA 7835 super power triode with an RF cavity supplied by Continental Electronics. The tuned output section of the RF cavity can be pressurized (dry nitrogen) to 40 psig. Frequency tuning is provided by remotely controlled sliding shorts with loading variation providud by adjusting the coaxial output tap (5 in. total movement). The prototype unit output power was lilrited tc> 4.5 MW, 35 kV due to insufficient loading.4 Upon investigation it was found that by modifying the characteristics impedance and lt,ngth of transmission line internal to the Continental cavthe tube could be unloaded sufficiently. After ity, the peak output power into a this modification, resistive load was 7 MW with a plate voltage of 37 kV and a plate efficiency of 60%. Filament power is provided by an Acme power supply capable of delivering 7500 A at 5.5 volts. A General Electric induction regulator assures safe automatic run-up for the 7835 filai:l~~nt. In addition, it is the center of the. regulating system which insures that the filament current will not vary by Measurement more than 2 1% of its present value. and feedback signals for the regulating syetell: are obtained f rum a Daytron transducer, Contrail circuits for filament run-up and safety interlock are

ti.sts

2. R. L. Witkover, High V;lLt-ig: Charging Through a Series V~CUUIII lished in Rev. Sci. Instr., April

pub-

Pulse Width Modulated 3. R. L. Witkover, to be published in R<sv. Sci. Data Link, Xarch. 1969,

Optical Instr.,

l:xp.\ rim:ntal Resu! t 5 4. J. Keanc and A. >lcNcrney, on the RCA 7835 and Initial Operating Paranwters Proceedings of the 1966 Linc,ar of the FTH 515, Accclcrator Conference, Los Alamos (LA-3609), 1 * 183.

353

LOCAL CONTROL STATION

I 3-PHASE 440 V AC

I 60 kVdc ZAMPERE TRANSFORMER/ RECTIFIER

I -

I CHARGF CONTROL TUBE

I 40gF

I HARD-TUBE MODULATOR

-CAPACITOR BANKAND CROWBAR

I LINAC CAVITY 4

5 mW 201.25 MHz AMPLIFIER

RF SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM Fig. 1. Block Diagram of System.

LPT 32 V-l

-c!
I

%%FIER
4

_---

G = 63 db I I DRIVER AMPLIFIER -

GAIN:

----

---

1 I

1 VOLTAGE LOOP OPTICAL TELEMETER RECEIVER

1 iK I $

DECK [REFERENCE I ERROR AMPLIFIER

GATED LOW LEVEL AMPLIFIER

I I I I ,

I---+

I
I
I
L------------J ,/ VOLTAGE DIVIDER (5OOO:l) REFERENCE INPUT

I
CURRENT LOOP TELEMETER

FIBER OPTICS

C CAPACITO BANK

CHARGING -

VOLTAGE LOOP OPTICAL TELEM!ZTER TRANSMITTER

EXTERNAL LOGIC INPUTS CHARGE CONTROL FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM Charge Control Amplifier. Fig. 2.

REFERENCE

354

0 OUTPUT PULSE

FIBER RECEIVER POWER SUPPLY +

OPTICS NSMITTER

ON-OFF INPUT SIGNAL

Fig.

RF MODULATOR 3. Modulator.

RFOUTPUT 350 kW FIBRE OPTIC

/ 0~ES M p,t~n~!nD CROWBAR h

r r---t
SCR CONTROLLER

I
6 kV PS 7651

AC INPUT

I 1 kV PS 7651 I d8w BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DRIVER AMPLIFIER Fig. 4. Driver. 200MHz INPUT

vOUT t
to=/ qJ=l - W,N t&g 2 / z&t __ -_-

%P

-- ral -------10~
qy;/
Fig. 5A. Variable Phase Shifter.

ii&&

zo= t-

&N 2

I-

90

Fig.

533. Co-Ijirectional

Coupler.

355