PERTEMUAN kedua

BAHASA INGGRIS
Bahasa merupakan unsur penting bagi tiap individu yang hidup diatas bumi.
Karena tanpa bahasa tidak terdapat suatu komunikasi diantara individu atau
bangsa-bangsa di dunia.
Apa unsur penting dalam komunikasi ? adalah kalimat unsur utama dalam
komunikasi, karena menyatakan idea atau perasaan seseorang.
Jenis kalimat yang universal:
Kalimat perintah (command) => Go !
Kalimat berita (statement) => Mother is going to the market
Kalimat Tanya (question) => Are you going to Bali ?
Kalimat seru(exclamation) => Good morning !
Bagaimana peran kalimat ? perannya adalah menyampaikan suatu idea atau
perasaan seseorang yang dirangkai dengan kalimat lain dan membentuk
sebuah cerita yang terdiri atas alinea.
Contoh sebuah alinea dalam bahasa Inggris:
Advanced ability in reading English as a foreign language requires
improvement in reading speed, Vocabulary recognition and the
comprehension of sentences, paragraph, and complete reading selections.
There are not exclusive needs of the foreign learner of English , of course; they
are the skills that native speakers must develop in order to become efficient
readers.
Komponen yang menggabungkan kata-kata dan kalimat terdapat micro
structure yang mencakup unit struktur didalam kalimat . Komponen pertama
=> KATA, komponen kedua =>KERUMITAN SINTAKSIS dan komponen ketiga
=> BENTUK KATA (KATA KERJA, KATA-KATA berfungsi sebagai SUBYEK,KATA
SIFAT)
Komponen macro structure =>komponen yang menggabungkan kalimat dan
menyusun sebuah cerita yang kemudian menjadi satu unit kesatuan.
Pengetahuan tentang analisis kalimat akan membantu mahasiswa dalam
mempercepat tingkat ketrampilan membaca dengan demikian mahasiswa
dapat mengatasi kesukaran membaca buku ilmiah (textbook) dan journal
ilmiah.
PEMBENTUKAN KALIMAT DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS
Diagram 1. SIMPLE SENTENCE consisting of one clause
SIMPLE SENTENCE

S V O A C

(SUBJECT) (VERB) (OBJECT) (ADVERBIAL) (COMPLEMENT)

Keterangan waktu Pelengkap

S V I cried
S V A He went to solo
S V OC I am student
S V O He sent a card
S V Oi Od Ali sent me a card
Ali sent a card to me
S V O C He made me rich
S V O A Rita saw him last night
Oi => indirect object
Od => direct object

Verb => PRESENT, PAST, PRESENT PERFECT,PAST PERFECT, FUTURE, CONTINUOUS,

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE etc.
Conclusions
Bahwa sebuah kalimat sederhana (simple sentence) membentuk satu klausa
mempunyai unsur-unsur S, V, A/O/C.

Sedangkan Oi dan Od tidak selalu ditempatkan menurut pola kalimat apabila dimulai
dengan kata penyangkal not.

Never have I seen such a naughty boy. Never (not ever)

Not only did her beat, but he also ……

Contoh kalimat dimulai dengan kata keterangan, dimana kalimat tersebut terdapat
suatu inversi (inversion) dengan unsure V dan S :

Near the door lay a dog

Bagaimana bentuk kalimat Tanya (question ?)

Kalimat tersbut mempunyai urutan unsure Vi, S, V => V1= auxiliary (KKB)

Will you play ? => will = V1 ; you = S and play = V

Dalam kalimat Tanya sering ada kata-kata : WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, WHY, HOW =>
sebagai kata yg memulai kalimat tsb.

What do you buy ?

When will you play golf ?

Why are you crying ?

Where did you put the book ?

How will you solve the problem ?

Penggunaan kata WHO and WHICH yang dipakai dalam kalimat Tanya berfungsi sebagai
S or O.

Apabila WHO/WHICH => S dalam kalimat Tanya maka penggunaan kata kerja sbb:

Who taught you English ?

 Which comes first ?

Kata WHO/WHICH sebagai O mempunyai kalimat Tanya seperti biasa: V 1, S, V.

Whom did you teach English ?

Which did you choose ?

Assignment for student.

Curriculum Vitae

Name :
Sex :
Place of Birth :
Date of Birth :
Marital Status :
Nationality :
Occupation :
Office :
Residence :
Education :
Hobbies :
Other Experience:

Active tenses: (some of examples(2)

Present : simple, continuous, perfect, perfect continuous

He works (PS); He is working (PC); He has worked (PP);He has been working(PPC)

Past : simple, continuous, perfect, perfect continuous

He worked(PaS);He was working(PaC);He had worked(PaP);He had been working(PPC).

Future : simple, continuous, perfect, perfect continuous

He will work (FS);He will be working(FC);He will have worked(FP);He will have been working (FPC)

Present conditional and present conditional continuous

He would work (PCond); He would be working (PCond.Cont)

Perfect conditional and perfect conditional continuous

He would have worked (Per.Cond); He would has been working(PCC)

Pertemuan lanjutan

Diagram 2. POLA KALIMAT

V1 S V

Do You Play Golf ?

What Do You Play golf ?

Where Do You Play golf ?

When Do You Play golf ?

Why Do You Play golf ?

How Do You play golf ?

WHO (S) Plays (V) Golf ?(O)

WHICH Is Yours ?

WHOM (O) Did (V1) You (S) Meet ? (V)

WHICH Will You Choose ?

Kalimat perintah dalam bahasa Inggris (command):

Go !

Don’t go !

Kalimat seru (exclamation) => kumpulan kata yang menyatakan isi hati atau emosi;
dalam hal ini unsure V tidak digunakan.
 Hello dear ! atau What a lovely day !

Apabila unsure V digunakan maka urutan unsure kalimat sederhana, S, V.

How beautiful you are !

How old you are !

Diagram 3. KALIMAT PERINTAH dan KALIMAT SERU

COMMAND GO !

EXCLAMATION How beautiful you are !

How nice you are !

KLAUSA (CLAUSE)
Klausa memiliki unsur : S, V,/O/A/C atau S, V dengan kombinasi OS/Oc/OO.

Dalam menyusun sebuah cerita terdapat kalimat-kalimat yang dihubungkan menjadi

sebuah alinea (paragraph).

Pembentukan kalimat terdiri atas kalimat sederhana atau kalimat kompleks (complex
sentence or compound sentence).

Compound sentence terdiri atas dua kalimat yang digabung dengan kata sandang
(conjunction) : ‘and’, ‘or’, ‘but’.

The boys ran away. He child stopped crying.

The boy ran away and the child stopped crying

He is a millionaire. He is very stingy.

 He is a millionaire but he is very stingy

Diagram 4. COMPOUND SENTENCE

COMPOUND SENTENCE

2 CLAUSE

1 MAIN CLAUSE CONJUNCTION 1 MAIN CLAUSE

The boys ran away and The child stopped crying

Main clause => klausa yang dapat berdiri sendiri dan memberikan pengertian penuh.

Dalam bentuk COMPLEX SENTENCE terdiri atas 2 clauses dimana salah satu clause
merupakan SUB clause karena pengertian belum sempurna.

The kitchen was on fire. I came home.

The kitchen was on fire when I came home

He could not come. He was ill.

He could not come because he was ill
Diagram 5. COMPLEX SENTENCE
COMPLEX SENTENCE

2 clauses

1 MAIN CLAUSE/ CONJUNCTION 1 SUB CLAUSE/MAIN

SUB CLAUSE CLAUSE

The kitchen was on fire when I came home

When I came home The kitchen was on fire

Sub clause dikenal juga sebagai ADVERBIAL clause atau sub-ordinate clause.

Bentuk clause lain adalah; NOUN CLAUSE => berfungsi sebagai S, O, C dalam kalimat.
Contoh : noun clause

What he said is not true

S V C
This is what frequently occurs
S V C
He explained that the world is a sphere
S V O

Klausa yang lain => ADJECTIVE CLAUSE digunakan untuk memperluas kata dan
ditempatkan setelah benda. Klausa dapat sebagai S, C, O.
Kata yang khusus menunjukan adjective clause :WHO. WHOM, WHOSE, THAT, WHICH,
WHEN, WHERE.
WHICH dan THAT => merujuk kata benda (noun)
WHO, WHOM, WHOSE => merujuk pada orang
WHERE => merujuk pada tempat WHEN => merujuk pada waktu
Contoh: ADJECTIVE CLAUSE.
The boy who came here last night is a student
The boy whose bike was stolen is a student
The boy whom I gave a special reward is a clever student
The boy that came here last night is a student
The radio which I bought last year is out of order
This is the place where I was born
The time when the industrial revolution began was
In the seventeenth century.

Jadi clause adverbial juga disebut sub/subordinat clause merupakan

klusa dalam kalimat COMPLEX.
Contoh:
He failed in his examination, although he had studied hard.
He could not come to the birthday party, because his mother was Seriously
wounded.
The student worked so hard, that he lost his eyesight.
Diagram 6. CLAUSE

Jenis klausa Jenis kalimat Kata-kata khusus

ADVERBIAL CLAUSE COMPLEX SENTENCE WHEN, BECAUSE, dll
MAIN CLAUSE SIMPLE SENTENCE -
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE COMPLEX/COMPOUND WHO,
SENTENCE WHOM,WHOSE,WHICH,THAT,
WHERE, WHEN
NOUN CLAUSE COMPLEX/COMPOUND WHAT, WHERE,THAT

PHRASE => kumpulan kata yang memberikan suatu pengertian/ide

Dalam phrase tidak akan dijumpai unsure S atau V, O, A, C.
Phrase dapat berfungsi sebagai S atau V, A, O, C.
Contoh sebuah phrase:
 The boys in the street(S) might have been playing(V) football(O)Since six
o’clock in the morning(A)
 One result of the rapid expansion of scientific knowledge (V) was(V) an increase
in the number of engineering specialities (C)

 No one(S) can say(V) for sure(A) when a large meteor(S) will fall(V) to the
ground(A) and become(V) a meteorite(C)

Diagram 7. PELUASAN KATA

CARA KATA SIFAT HEAD WORD PHRASE/CLAUSE
PROSES I ADJECTIVE HEAD WORD
PROSES II HEAD WORD PHRASE
PROSES III ADJECTIVE HEAD WORD PHRASE
PROSES IV HEAD WORD CLAUSE
PROSES V ADJECTIVE HEAD WORD CLAUSE
Contoh Perluasan kata:
Proses I =>The lazy, dirty, tall boy is a student
Proses II => The boy in the blue shirt is a student
Proses III => The lazy, dirty, tall boy in the blue shirt is a student

Pro ses IV => The boy who came here last night is a student
(S) (V) (A)
Proses V => The lazy, dirty, tall boy who came here last night
Is a student
Diagram 8: VERBALS

BENTUK VERBAL FUNGSI TEMPAT

PRESENT PARTICIPLE ADJECTIVE DI DEPAN KATA BENDA,
DIBELAKANG KATA BENDA
AWAL KALIMAT

PAST PARTICIPLE ADJECTIVE DI DEPAN KATA BENDA

DIBELAKANG KATA BENDA
AWAL KALIMAT

GERUND SUBJECT AWAL KALIMAT

AWAL KALIMAT
OBJECT
SETELAH KATA KERJA
OBJECT (LINK VERB)
COMPLEMENT SETELAH KATA DEPAN DAN
KATA KERJA TERTENTU

INFINITIVE SUBJECT AWAL KALIMAT

SETELAH KATA KERJA
OBJECT
SETELAH LINK VERB
COMPLEMENT
Diagram 9 : JENIS KATA
UNSUR KLAUSA JENIS KATA DAN BENTUK KLAUSA
SUBJECT Noun
Personal Pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Verbal
Clause

OBJECT Noun
Personal Pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Verbal
Clause

COMPLEMENT Noun
Personal Pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Verbal
Clause
Contoh:
A station which generates electricity and which is powered by diesel engines.

=>stasiun pembangkit tenaga listrik yang dibangkitkan dengan disel (mesin disel).

Pertemuan 4
MENGANALISIS KALIMAT DAN PENTERJEMAHAN

1. CARA MENGANALISIS KALIMAT

Setelah menguasai pola kalimat dengan proses perluasan kata dan ellipsis, maka
untuk mengerti isi kalimat yang rumit dalam textbook, analisis kalimat harus
dikuasai agar mengutarakan isi kalimat dalam bahasa Indonesia dengan cepat dan
tepat.
Example:
At the height of the summer, the temperature is suitable for germination, but there is
like-hood of an absence of sufficient moisture
At the height of the summer => frasa menyatakan sebuah keterangan waktu
the temperature is suitable for germination=> main clause
but => conjunction
there is like-hood of an absence of sufficient moisture=> main clause
Klausa pertama dianalisis:
The temperature = S; is = V; suitable for germination = C
Unsur klausa kedua:
There = S; is = V; like-hood of an absence of sufficient moisture = C

2.Cara menterjemahkan
Setelah pengelompokan frasa, maka pengertian frasa termasuk kata dapat dicari
dalam kamus umum dan kamus teknik bahasa Indonesia. Bila di dalam kamus tidak
terdapat kata sepadannya, maka dicari di dalam kamus bahasa Inggris, mungkin
sinonim.
Contoh: He kicked the bucket => tidak dapat diterjemahkan karena ungkapan
=>mempunyai perngertian to die.
Contoh:
Fill dams(S) are(V) usually(A) employed(V) in valleys(A) which(S) are not particularly(A)
steep sided(V), and when the foundation(S) can not support(V) the higher pressure
arising from concrete dams. (o)

Cara analisis and menterjemahkan:

 Fill dams/ are usually employed/ in valleys/ which are not particularly steep sided/
and when the foundation/ can not support/ the higher pressure/ arising from
concrete dams.
 Filldams=bendungan urugan; are usually employed=biasanya dikerjakan; in
valleys=dalam lembah; which are not particularly steep sided=yang khusus tidak
curam; and when the foundation=dan apabila fondasi; can not support=tidak
dapat menahan; the higher pressure=tekanan yang lebih tinggi; arising from
concrete dams=yang ditimbulkan oleh bendungan beton.
=>Bendungan urugan biasanya dapat dibangun di lembah yang khususnya tidak curam
apabila pondasi tidak dapat menahan tekanan yang lebih tinggi yang ditimbulkan oleh
bendungan beton.

 For abutments and pier and also beams, an arrangement of steel wires and rods is
encased in concrete, to make reinforced concrete.
Cara analisis and terjemahan

 For abutments/ and pier and also beams/, an arrangement of steel wires and
rods/ is encased /in concrete/, to make/ reinforced concrete.
 For abutments=untuk tumpuan dinding; and pier and also beams=dan tiang dan
juga balok; an arrangement of steel wires and rods=suatu susunan kawat dan
tulang baja; is encased=ditutupi; in concrete=dengan beton; to make=untuk
membuat; reinforced concrete=beton.
Untuk tumpuan dinding, tiang ataupun balok dibuat beton baja dengan suatu susunan
kawat dan tulang baja yang ditutupi beton.
Exercise 1., Analisis dan terjemahkan artikel berikut ini:

Detailed pre-planning/ is/ a little publicized aspect of engineering/ that grows/

more important/ every year/. Projects/ become more ambitious/ in scale and speed/,
and the cost of disorganization and delay/ become heavier/. Whether the job/ is / a
nuclear power station,/ an airport or a motorway,/ the great number and variety of
tasks/ undertaken/ to complete the whole,/ and the labor and machinery/ to
accomplish them,/ have to be arranged/ to an elaborate timetable./ A delay/ in the
effect/ as a strike/ and leave/ men and machines idle/ in places far removed/ from the
site of the trouble./

Civil engineers/ far more than others,/ are at the mercy of the weather./ This is/
the most difficult single problem/ in planning/ but also makes planning/ all the
worthwhile./ The plan/ must not be inflexible laid down/ in advance and followed
regardless./ It has to be more/ like the plan/ for a military operation, which can be
modified/ in view of intelligence reports/ so that setbacks/ can be minimized/ and
unforeseen opportunities exploited./

Exercise 2. Terjemahkan dan analisis artikel berikut ini:

Seorang ahli fisika logam yang telah mendapatkan kepercayaan dari seorang
pengusaha untuk memecahkan masalah yang timbul mendadak, walaupun masalah itu
mungkin merupakan pengorbanan pekerjaan dasar mengenai sifat logam dan
campuran yang menyeluruh, sekarang akan meninggalkan jabatan sebagai ahli fisika
logam, walaupun pendidikannya tidak sesuai dengan perkerjaan yang baru.
Kelompok kata/phrase untuk terjemahan

The physical metallurgist,/ who has long been relied upon/ by the industrialist/ to solve
immediate problems/ even though/ it may have been/ at the expense/ of the
fundamental work/ on the understanding/ of the overall behavior of metals and alloys,/
is now tempted to desert/ to the ranks/ of the metal physicist,/ although/ his training/
equips him ill/ for the new occupation./

Bagaimanapun juga, bagi seorang ahli fisika, ilmu pengetahuan fisika logam hanya
merupakan cabang kecil dari bidang yang lebih luas dari ilmu pengetahuan fisika benda
padat, sedangkan bagi seorang ahli logam adalah dasar yang harus mendasari
pengertian sifat logam apabila ia harus menjadi pelopor dari pengembangan industry
baru dan tidak dapat dibayangkan sampai sekarang.

Kelompok kata/phrase untuk terjemahan

After all, to the physicist, metal physics is but a small branch of the wider fields of
solid state physics, whereas to that metallurgist it is the foundation on which his
understanding of the behavior of metals must be based if he is to become the pioneer
of new and hitherto unimagined industrial developments.
Pertyemuan ke 7 (Reading skill)
CATALYTIC

Catalytic cracking of gas oil is accomplished over hot micro-spherical particles of silica
alumina catalyst. The catalyst activity rapidly drops with the deposition of carbon, and spent catalyst
continuously flows out of the bottom of the reactor.

There are many catalytic reforming processes available today for the octane upgrading and
sulphur reduction of napthas. The production of aromatics is a feature of most. Platinum,
moblybdenum, chromium oxides and other catalysts are employed in fixed, moving of fluidized beds.

The recycle of produced hydrogen at high pressures prevents olefin and diolefin formation and
constitutes a highly effective form of chemical treating. All the process embody a heater followed by
the catalyst chambers with the facilities for continuous or intermittent regeneration. The final product
is isolated from a fractionation stage. Recycle hydrogen is scrubbed to remove hydrogen sulphide,
from which sulphur or sulphric acid is manufactured by oxidation in a limited current of air.

A. Make analysis of the sentence of the article and translated according to existing rules.

B. In not more than 100 words describe some of small industry namely; from material,
process and product. Do not write more than three paragraphs.

(Reading Skills and Vocab)

 Advantages of Pineapple Leaf Fiber

In developing countries. There is a different approach to deal with organic waste. In fact, the
word “waste” is often an inappropriate term for organic matter, which is often put to good use. The
economies of most developing countries dictates that materials and resources must be used to their
full potential, and this has propagated a culture of reuse, repair and recycling. In many developing
countries there exists a whole sector of recyclers, scavengers and collectors, whose business is to
salvage ‘waste’ material and reclaim it for further use.
In Indonesia, at least 150 jam and juice industry exist, 123 industries are involved in
processing. One of the commonly used fruits Pineapple. From each pineapple fruit, only 52% is used
for jam and juice production. Remaining 48% consist of fruit peel and leaves forming the waste.
These waste are rich in lignin and cellulose and thus from a very good raw material for allied fibers.
Also, waste disposal is a major problem in these industries because of very high lignin and cellulose
content of the waste leaves which is difficult to be degraded, thus resulting in pollution and affecting
the environment.The available, traditional methods of fiber extraction involve the processes viz;
retting, decortications, combing etc., which takes 5 – 7 days. During decortications, it is difficult to
extract the fibers as they are sticky, due to the presence of pith thus necessasiating the use of
chemicals which is not eco-safe. Thus, there is an urgent need for development of eco-friendly, cost
effective technology.
There are different approaches to recycle the pineapple leaf wastes and substitutes for cotton
and artificial fiber production without harming the environment with the following objectives.To
produce silky white fiber from pineapple waste using biotechnological approach.
To compare the biotechnologically produce fibers with the commercially available/natural fibers for
its qualities.To curtail the disposal problems of pineapple processing industrial waste.
a. Vocabulary:Give another word or phrase to replace the following words as they are used in the
passage: Available ( ); traditional ( ); extraction ( ); viz ( ); urgent ( ); harming
( ); cost effective ( ); curtail ( ); blending ( ); rapid ( ); Silky ( ); disposal ( );
substitutes ( ); artificial ( ); commercially( ); approach ( ).

b. Make analysis of the sentence of the article and translated according to existing rules.
 INDUSTRY IS READY TO CLAIM ELECTRICITY COMPANY

Businesspeople state ready to claim the State-owned Electricity Company

concerning the plan of 80% increase of electricity base rate for industry. Businesspeople
declared PLN has been mistaken in implementing amount of electricity rate for industry
base on business negotiation. In Act No.15/1985 on electricity is not known the term of
negotiation. The Act stated electricity as an energy is widely utilized to the people
welfare. If PLN decides the rate increase by one-sided, the industry will refuse and
submit open claim to the PLN and government. He stated industry is aware on the PLN
that wants to increase the electricity base rate since the cost production climbs due to
the increase of the world oil price. However, if must increase electricity rate, it is not
fair all burdens offered to industry. Businesspeople will be bankrupt.

Meanwhile, chairman of Permanent Committee for Fiscal and Monetary at Indonesian

Chamber of Commerce and Industry said, Kadin and associations are not in the position
of agree or disagree.( Source: Seputar Indonesia).

Make analysis of the sentence of the article and translated according to existing rules.

Farady Law’s
 Farady, pondering on these facts wondered whether a current flowing in a circuit
might not in the same way induce another current in a near by circuit.

When an electrified body, say a piece of amber, is brought near an un-electrified body,
the forces from the former body separate out the two kinds of electricity in the latter,
the further parts becoming charged with electricity of the same sign as that on the
amber, and the nearer parts with electricity of the opposite sign; this is why rubbed
amber attracts light pieces of paper, or needle of an electroscope.

a. Make analysis of the sentence of the article and translated according to existing rules.
b. Make a summary of the above article in English

(Reading Skills and Vocab)

 Advantages of Pineapple Leaf Fiber

In developing countries. There is a different approach to deal with organic waste. In fact, the
word “waste” is often an inappropriate term for organic matter, which is often put to good use. The
economies of most developing countries dictates that materials and resources must be used to their
full potential, and this has propagated a culture of reuse, repair and recycling. In many developing
countries there exists a whole sector of recyclers, scavengers and collectors, whose business is to
salvage ‘waste’ material and reclaim it for further use.
In Indonesia, at least 150 jam and juice industry exist, 123 industries are involved in
processing. One of the commonly used fruits Pineapple. From each pineapple fruit, only 52% is used
for jam and juice production. Remaining 48% consist of fruit peel and leaves forming the waste.
These waste are rich in lignin and cellulose and thus from a very good raw material for allied fibers.
Also, waste disposal is a major problem in these industries because of very high lignin and cellulose
content of the waste leaves which is difficult to be degraded, thus resulting in pollution and affecting
the environment.The available, traditional methods of fiber extraction involve the processes viz;
retting, decortications, combing etc., which takes 5 – 7 days. During decortications, it is difficult to
extract the fibers as they are sticky, due to the presence of pith thus necessasiating the use of
chemicals which is not eco-safe. Thus, there is an urgent need for development of eco-friendly, cost
effective technology.
There are different approaches to recycle the pineapple leaf wastes and substitutes for cotton
and artificial fiber production without harming the environment with the following objectives.To
produce silky white fiber from pineapple waste using biotechnological approach.
To compare the biotechnologically produce fibers with the commercially available/natural fibers for
its qualities.To curtail the disposal problems of pineapple processing industrial waste.

a. Vocabulary:Give another word or phrase to replace the following words as they are used in the
passage: Available ( ); traditional ( ); extraction ( ); viz ( ); urgent ( ); harming
( ); cost effective ( ); curtail ( ); blending ( ); rapid ( ); Silky ( ); disposal ( );
substitutes ( ); artificial ( ); commercially( ); approach ( ).

b. Make analysis of the sentence of the article and translated according to existing rules.
Pertemuan

The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10 th, 1912. She was
carrying 1316 passengers and crew of 891. Even by modern standards, the 46,000 ton Titanic was a
colossal ship. At the time, however, she was not only the largest ship that had ever been built, but was
regarded as unsinkable, for she had sixteen water tight compartments. Even if two of these were
flooded, she would still be able to float. The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be
remember, for she went down on her first voyage with heavy loss of life.

Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the ice waters of the North
Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a look-out. After the alarm had been given, the
great ship turned sharply to avoid a direct collision. The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing
the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her. Suddenly, there was a
slight trembling sound from below, and the captain went down to see what had happened. The noise
had been so faint that no one thought that the ship had been damaged. Below, the captain realized to
his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly, for five of her sixteen water tight compartments had
already been flood !.
The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the ice water. As
there were not enough life-boats for every- body, 1,500 lives were lost.
Make analysis of the sentence of the article and translated according to existing rules
Vocabulary
Give another word or phrase to replace the following words as they are used in the passage: colossal (
); regarded ( ); compartments ( ); flooded ( );avoid ( ); narrowly ( ); plunged ( ); abandon(
); liner ( ); voyage ( )
Pertemuan 9

Batik Dyeing

The resist-dyeing process, whereby designs are made with wax on a fabric which
is subsequently immersed in a dyed to absorb the colour on the un-waxed portions, is
known as batik dyeing. It has been done in the Orient, notably India and to some extent
in Japan, for many centuries. However, it is on the island of Java in Indonesia where the
term “batik” originated and where high technical artistic skill of batik print really
developed. Originally limited to execution by noblewomen, the technique is now a
flourishing industry, particularly as a cottage industry where natives do batik dyeing in
their small houses.

There are the methods. The technically more difficult and more artistic designs
are drawn by hand. The patterns are generally in geometric, floral, bird or animal
motifs, but the artist’s imagination may introduce other fanciful designs. The motif is
drawn on cotton cambric. Then melted wax mixed with a resin is traced on the areas
not to be dyed with a “canting”, which is a small instrument made of a short, straight
reed handle to which is attached a small, funnel-shape copper cup with one or more
spouts.

When the canting is refilled by scooping the hot, liquid wax from a copper pan
kept over of burner, the worker blows into the spout to eliminate any blockage and
allow to flow. The application of the wax must be done on both sides of the fabric. This
hand method of making the design is a slow process, which may take as long as one
month to produce 2,5 yards (2,3 metre). When an artist makes a large, individual
picture which may be used for such purpose as wall hangings, it may take six months to
one year to complete.

The faster method of designing is done with a “cap”, or stamp, of a pattern made
of fine copper strips soldered together. The cap is pressed onto a pad of cloth saturated
with liquid wax. The wax picked up by the stamp is then applied to the cambric. The
design may be intricate, but it is repetitious and limited in artistic quality. However,
about 25 to 40 yards (20 – 36 metre) of cloth can be printed in one day.
Vocabulary
Give another word or phrase to replace the following words as they are used in the
passage: immersed( ), dyed( ), execution ( ), flourishing ( ), cottage ( ),small
houses ( ), motifs, ( ), wax( ), scooping( ), scooping( ), cambric( ).
Make analysis of the sentence of the article and translated according to existing rules.
Pertemuan 10

ACADEMIC COLLABORATION
IN HIGHER TEXTILE ENGINEERING EDUCATION

Background

Higher education institutions, as key agents for change, play very important roles in producing
human resources required for fulfilling the demand of global world. This emphasizes on the
importance of understanding cross-cultural interactions and they are challenged how to equip
students to be member of global society having global perspectives.

Fostering international collaboration is becoming an urgent requirement for each education

institution. At technical level, it could be define, among others as scholarly exchange and research
collaboration. Execution of these activities requires pre-conditioning on education systems including
leadership, curriculum and administrative structure, which could vary depending on the local
condition and competitiveness.

The significance of cross-cultural understanding and variation in institutions, re-structuring for

international education leads to the importance of intensive communication and in-depth
discussion among collaborative partners. These are urgently required for developing mutual and
beneficial partnership, and at the same time keeping the partnership sustain. Industries and
corporate enterprises and other stakeholders including government and local and international
community have very significant roles in developing fruitful collaboration.

Currently, a strong, dynamic and efficient higher education system is crucial. The
accomplishment of a better higher education system is pursued through an integrated and recursive
activities in several strategic areas, as mentioned in the master plan of the Textile Engineering,
Islamic University of Indonesia namely:

 Excelent academic processes to produce graduates that meet standard academic qualification
and required capabilities.
  Application of results of engineering education and researches for the welfare of the
community.
Improvement of the quality of academic processes and research environment is made possible using
feedback from external parties to whom Textile Engineering, Islamic University of Indonesia
interacts and collaborates (i.e. textile industries, other research and higher educational institutions,
government).

In this working paper, we will explain the existing in Textile Engineering Islamic University of
Indonesia, the issues to be addresses related with the plan of TT-UII –UoB collaborative project,
possible collaborative activities and the resource that TT – IUI can contribute toward that and plan
of implementation.

EXITING SITUATION

Since 1975, the Department of Textile Engineering has been offering undergraduate courses in
textile, as well as conducting significant research programs in many fields. Graduates in Textile
Engineering have found ready employment in the Indonesian textile industry, government, research
institution, bussines and others.

The goal of the Textile Engineering Department is to educate and train the students to meet
the needs of the textile industry and to contribute to the advancement of engineering and science in
the field. The outcome is competent, responsible and productive citizens who contribute to the well
being of the society. Textiles are truly multi-disciplinary. The size and diversity of textiles and allied
industries provide careers in manufacturing, research and development, machinery and engineering
design, chemicals and dyestuffs, management, sales, technical services and others. The student may
also prepare for graduate study. For student who want to plan their educational path in conjunction
with industrial experience, the Cooperative Education Program provides opportunities. In
cooperation with the Engineering Experiment Station and other segments of the university, the
department serves textiles through of its facilities.

The curriculum in Textile Engineering offers study in basic engineering. It prepares students
for a variety of engineering positions in the polymer, fiber, textile and apparel industries, as well as in
other engineering fields where high performance industrial textile are produced or used such as
filtration, architecture and construction, medicine, the paper industry, safe and protection,
transfortation, electronics, agriculture, military and defence, sports and recreation. Textile
Engineering courses teach students the lates engineering and science principles. The design aspect of
textile engineering is incorporated in the courses throughout the curriculum starting with the first
semester of the sophomore year. In addition, student reinforce their specific learning skills with a
required senior design project which is spread over a year for in-depth research, design and
development of specific and real materials, products and processes for the textile industry. Courses
present real world applications without sacrificing conceptual and theoretical bases. The curriculum
involves classroom and laboratory work and offers opportunities for extracurricular activities to
prepare graduates to meet the demands of a career in the present and future engineering workplace
and be able to assume a responsible place of leadership in a complex technological society. The
Textile Engineering curriculum is kept upto-date to meet the challenges of the present and future
industry needs.
COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITIES
Same possible collaboration between UII and UoB will be briefly explored. The working paper is
devided into three parts related the proposed area of collaboration, namely:
 Student exchange program
 Academic staff exchange program (within postgraduate program)
 Joint research.

Make a summary of the above article in English

Pertemuan 11
Advantages of Pineapple Fiber
By: astoyo

In developing countries. There is a different approach to deal with organic waste. In fact, the
word “waste” is often an inappropriate term for organic matter, which is often put to good use. The
economies of most developing countries dictates that materials and resources must be used to their
full potential, and this has propagated a culture of reuse, repair and recycling. In many developing
countries there exists a whole sector of recyclers, scavengers and collectors, whose business is to
salvage ‘waste’ material and reclaim it for further use.
In Indonesia, at least 150 jam and juice industry exist, 123 industries are involved in
processing. One of the commonly used fruits Pineapple. From each pineapple fruit, only 52% is used
for jam and juice production. Remaining 48% consist of fruit peel and leaves forming the waste.
These waste are rich in lignin and cellulose and thus from a very good raw material for allied fibers.
Also, waste disposal is a major problem in these industries because of very high lignin and cellulose
content of the waste leaves which is difficult to be degraded, thus resulting in pollution and affecting
the environment.
The available, traditional methods of fiber extraction involve the processes viz; retting,
decortications, combing etc., which takes 5 – 7 days. During decortications, it is difficult to extract
the fibers as they are sticky, due to the presence of pith thus necessasiating the use of chemicals
which is not eco-safe. Thus, there is an urgent need for development of eco-friendly, cost effective
technology.
There are different approaches to recycle the pineapple leaf wastes and substitutes for
cotton and artificial fiber production without harming the environment with the following
objectives.
 To produce silky white fiber from pineapple waste using biotechnological approach.
 To compare the biotechnologically produce fibers with the commercially available/natural
fibers for its qualities.
 To curtail the disposal problems of pineapple processing industrial waste.
 To minimize the use of forest resources by using non woody resources like organic waste.
 Biotechnological engineering of waste to fiber.

Advantages:
 Can be added with other allied fibers to improve their quality and application.
 Zero waste management.
 Eco-safe and rapid technology.
 Employment opportunity for rural population.
 Abundantly and cheaper in Indonesia.
Expected outcome:
 Composite materials with special characteristics, namely light in weight and good mechanical
properties.
 Potential as reinforcement materials and another industrial manufacturing materials viz;
vechicle industry and military equipments.
 For textile industry with fine quality fibers and good quality of fabrics

Vocabulary
Give another word or phrase to replace the following words as they are used in the
passage:

Available ( ); traditional ( ); extraction ( ); viz ( ); urgent ( ); harming ( ); cost

effective ( ); curtail ( ); blending ( ); rapid ( ).

Make analysis of the sentence of the article and translated according to existing rules.

Pertemuan 12
Contoh surat meminta informasi belajar diluar negeri

The Director
Administration Office
The University of New South Wales
Kengsington, 2233, Sydney
Australia

Dear Sir/Madam,
I wish to apply for a place on your Master course in Bio-textile composite. I should be
grateful if you would send me a graduate catalogue of your university and relevant
information.
Thanking you in advance for your kind assistance.
Yours sincerely,

Fajar A S
Meminta informasi serta formulir pendaftaran post doctoral

The Director
Administration Office
Borros University ,
Sweden

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am going to graduate from Islamic University of Indonesia where I have been taking the
BSc honours’ in Chemical and Textile Engineering. I should like to study for a higher degree
(Master or PhD) in Bio-composite, preferably with natural fibers and characterization.
Would you kindly let me know whether this would be possible at your university and, if so,
please send me the appropriate application forms together with information on the type of
course offered.

Sincerely Yours,

Fajar A S
Aplikasi memperoleh beasiswa

15 December 2011

Dr. Patrick(Sir/Madam)
The Rockefeller Foundation
111 West 50th Street
New York 20, N.Y.
USA

Dear Dr. Patrick(Sir/Madam)

Last week, I Received a letter from Prof. Nigel of New York University. In the letter he stated
that he is willing to accept me as a visiting research fellow in his laboratory if I am granted a
fellowship by the Rockefeller Foundation. He also told me that laboratory space will be
available from this February 2011.
Since I am eager to go and work in Prof. Nigel’s laboratory, I wish to apply for a fellowship of
the Rockefeller Foundation. Would you please send me an application form and any details
you may have concerning such fellowships.
Thank you in advance for your help.

Yours sincerely,
Fajar A S
Department of Chemical and Textile Engineering
cc. Supervisor/Senior Lecturer
Ungkapan-ungkapan pembuka yang dapat dipakai dalam surat pengantar beasiswa:
 I graduated from Department of Chemical and Textile Engineering in Islamic University of
Indonesia Jogjakarta.
 I Joined The Islamic University of Indonesia for a BSc degree in pure bio-composite.
 I gained my initial training in bio-composite and then went on to study on smart materials.
Ungkapan untuk keinginan:
 My main interest is in the field of bio-composite, particularly in natural composite.
 For the past 3 years I have been working on natural fibers for composite materials. Now I
should like to study on smart materials, as well as its applications to military.
Alasan belajar ke Luar Negeri:
 I wish to study the preparation of natural fibers in this case bio-composite for environmental
applications and military. This requires a thorough knowledge of dip molding techniques,
which is unable to obtain in my own laboratory.
 In order to develop my research further I need intensive training in bio-composite
engineering. Limited facilities are available in my laboratory, the equipment is less
sophisticated than that in common use in Indonesia.
 I feel that I shall benefit from the opportunity to learn advanced techniques as well as from
the academic stimulus afforded by exposure to a different school of scientific thought.
Pertemuan 13
American Journal of Applied Sciences
ISSN 1546-9239
© 2010 Science Publications

Noise Control Using Coconut Coir Fiber Sound Absorber

with Porous Layer Backing and Perforated Panel
Asmanto Subagyo,Department of Chemical and Textile Engineering
Faculty of Industrial Technology, Islamic University of Indonesia
Jl.Kaliurang km. 14.4, Yogjakarta,55501 Indonesia
Mail.asmanto.subagyo@uii.ac.id

Abstract
Problem statement: Noise control was one of the major requirements to improve the living
environment. One of the methods to do that is provided by sound absorber. Commonly,
multi-layer sound absorbers are applied to absorb broadband noise that was composed of
perforated plates, air space and porous material. However, multi-layers sound absorbers
effectiveness depends on their construction. This study was conducted to investigate the potential of
using coconut coir fiber as sound absorber. The effects of porous layer backing and perforated plate
on sound absorption coefficient of sound absorber using coconut coir fiber were studied.
Approach: Car boot liners made from woven cotton cloth were used as type of porous layer
in the study. This material has been used widely in automotive industry. Perforated plate used
was machined with perforation ratio of 0.20, thickness of 1 mm and holed diameter of 2 mm.
The samples were tested at the acoustic lab of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning,
Islamic University of Indonesia, according to ASTM E 1050-04 international standards for noise
absorption coefficient. Results: The experiment data indicates that porous layer backing can
improve noise absorption coefficient at low and high frequencies with significant increasing. 20
mm thick layer coconut coir fiber with porous layer backing exhibit peak value at frequencies
between 2750-2830 Hz with maximum value of 0.97. The experimental results also found that the
coconut coir fiber with perforated plate gives higher value for lower frequencies range from 500-
2400 Hz. The optimum value for coconut coir fiber with perforated panel is around 0.94-0.95
for the frequency range 2500-2700 Hz. Conclusion: Noise absorption coefficient of coconut
coir fiber was increased at all frequency when they were backing with Woven Cotton Cloth (WCC).
At low frequency, the NAC have significant increasing. This is because WCC have higher flow
resistivity than coconut coir fibers, so that sound can be dissipated as it travels through material
significantly. The results from the experimental tests show that it has good acoustic properties
at low and high frequencies and can used to be an alternative replacement of synthetic based
commercial product. By using the porous layer and perforated plate backing to coconut coir fiber, the
sound absorber panel shows a good potential to be an environmentally friendly product. This
innovative sound absorption panel has a bright future because they are cheaper, lighter and
environmentally compare to glass fiber and mineral based synthetic materials.
Key words: Noise absorption coefficient, coconut coir fiber, porous layer, perforated plate, sound
absorption
Pertemuan 14
Listening and Reading
Nike coming clean about sweatshops

Nike is finally coming clean over its infamous and dubious labor practices
after years of allegations that it exploits workers, many of whom have been
alleged to be children. The company has made available on its website* an
unprecedented and detailed 108-page report of the 705 worldwide factories that
produce its footwear and clothing. The document details things from factory
locations, working conditions of its 650,000 employees and abuses of those
workers. Just over half of Nike’s Asian employees work more than sixty hours a
week; up to fifty per cent have restricted access to toilets and drinking water and
work seven days a week; and a quarter of workers receive less than the legal
minimum wage, despite Nike’s huge profit margins.
The release of the report, conducted by the independent Fair Labor
Association, is welcome news for human rights activists who have continually
investigated, exposed and embarrassed Nike for its sweatshop practices.
Releasing the document now means Nike’s factories can be independently
monitored to provide better working conditions for its long-suffering employees.
Michael Posner, executive director of Human Rights First, hailed the report as
“an important step forward” and praised Nike for its transparency. But he added:
“The facts on the ground suggest there are still enormous problems with these
supply chains and factories.” He asked the important question: “What is Nike
doing to change the picture and give workers more rights?”