CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS
1. Fibrous joints: joints:
- cranial sutures - tooth socket
ANTERIOR
Disk
CONDYLAR STRUCTURE
Articular [fibrous tissue] zone
Proliferation zone
Young Condyle
Disc
Condylar Head
Medullary trabeculae
Condyle
Marrow tissue
[hematopoietic even in adults]
Large marrow spaces are found in the cancellous bone but decrease by age due to marked thickening of the trabeculae
The red marrow is cellular then later replaced by fatty marrow in old individuals
ARTICULAR DISC
Central thin portion of the disc is avascular whereas the peripheral disc is highly vascular
Central Portion
Posterior Boundaries
TMJ Capsule
2. INTIMA - CELL TYPES a) type A - macrophage like light cells b) Type B - fibroblast like dark cells
(Hinge action)
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TMJ ANATOMY
during Opening and Closure
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Muscles of Mastication
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TEMPOROMANDIBULAR
STYLOMANDIBULAR
Only Temporomandibular ligament has only functional significance, the other two have significance, only a causal relationship to the joint
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be important symptoms in TMJ disorders: disorders: Changes in occlusion displacement of condyle - disc to disc-fossa relationship discirritate nerve receptors Inflammation in synovial fluid produces pressure irritate nerve ending in the synovial folds Muscle tension
It is characterized by sudden locking and immobilization of the jaws when the mouth is open, accompanied by prolonged spasmodic contraction of the temporalis, medial pterygoid and temporalis, masseter muscles with protrusion of the jaw
It may occur following condylar fracture, or in overstretching, usually at the attachment point of the lateral pterygoid into the capsule
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E.g.:
Mouth opened unusually wide during yawning and the head of the mandible may slip forward into the infratemporal fossa causing articular dislocation of the joint
Ankylosis of TMJ
Debilitating condition involving immobility of jaw Trauma and infection are the most common causes May be of 2 types: types: 1. In intra-articular ankylosis progressive intradestruction of meniscus, flattening of fossa, thickening of condyle, and shrinkage of capsule partial or complete abolition of the joint 2. After infection, extra-articular Ankylosis leads to extrasplinting of the joint by a fibrous or a bony mass external to the joint proper
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Malocclusion usually results from abnormal patterns of mandibular excursion during mastication excessive movements capsule is overstretched prevents too great an anterior condyle movement loss of adaptation of the disc to the condyle degeneration of the disc
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TYPES: TYPES:
1. Free nerve endings - Pain (peripheral region of disc). disc).
2. Ruffini corpuscles - Posture (dynamic/static) (Capsule). (Capsule). 3. Meissners corpuscles - Static mechanoreception (Ligaments) 4. Pacinian corpuscles - Dynamic mechanoreception (Capsule)
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