MODUL 2
Setelah menyelesaikan mata kuliah ini mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan Proses Bisnis
Manajemen Rantai Pasok (C2)
POKOK BAHASAN
4. Demand Management
5. Order Fulfillment
8. Returns Management
i
10. Implementing Integrated SCM
ii
PROSES BISNIS SCM
Fungsi dari e business yaitu untuk mensupport bagian dari marketing, produksi,
accounting, finance, dan human resource management. Proses transaksi online memegang
peranan yang sangat penting pada e-business
Supply chain management adalah manajemen terhadap aliran antar dan diantara tahapan
supply chain untuk memaksimalkan profitabilitas keseluruhan supply chain
1
Rangkaian atau jaringan ini terbentang dari penambang bahan mentah (di bagian hulu)
sampai retailer / toko (pada bagian hilir).
Fungsi SCM
SCM secara fisik mengkonversi bahan baku menjadi produk jadi dan
menghantarkannya ke pemakai akhir .
SCM sebagai mediasi pasar, yakni memastikan bahwa apa yang disuplai oleh rantai
supply mencerminkan aspirasi pelanggan atau pemakai akhir tersebut .
Tujuan SCM
Tujuan SCM adalah untuk mengurangi ketidakpastian (uncertainty) dan resiko dalam
supply chain.
Bagian ini mencakup supplier first-tier dari organisasi (dapat berupa perusahaan
manufaktur atau asembling) dan suppliernya, yang di dalamnya telah terbina suatu
hubungan / relasi.
Bagian ini mencakup semua proses yang digunakan oleh organisasi dalam mengubah input
yang dikirim oleh supplier menjadi output, mulai dari waktu material tersebut masuk pada
perusahaan sampai pada produk tersebut didistribusikan, di luar perusahaan tersebut.
Bagian ini mencakup semua proses yang terlibat dalam pengiriman produk pada customer
akhir
Sumber:
https://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKE
wi04KjE8KjKAhXNxY4KHQXqDDYQFggrMAI&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsimpleblack18.files.wordpress.co
2
m%2F2012%2F03%2F6-pengantar-scm.ppt&usg=AFQjCNG25EDDJRIfcxSGNiF4rO6P9S-
mlg&sig2=jKmNCS9wSR1Ip6uFJdyAcg&bvm=bv.111677986,d.c2E
Rantai pasok perlu dikelola agar dapat menghasilkan kinerja yang baik melalui manajemen
rantai pasok. Manajemen Rantai PasokatauSupply Chain Management(SCM) ini
didefinisikan sebagai perancangan, perencanaan, eksekusi, pengendalian, dan pemantauan
aktivitas-aktivitas supply chain dengan tujuan untuk menciptakan net value, membangun
infrastruktur yang bersaing, leveraging 3 aintenan logistics, melakukan sinkronisasi
pasokan dengan permintaan, dan mengukur kinerja secara global (APICS).
3
“Supply Chain Management is the integration of key business processes from end user
through original suppliers that provides products, services, and information that add value
for customers and other stakeholders”
Menurut definisi itu, terdapat delapan proses bisnis dalam SCM, yaitu: manajemen
hubungan pelanggan, manajemen pelayanan pelanggan, manajemen permintaan,
pemenuhan pesanan, manajemen aliran manufaktur, manajemen hubungan pemasok,
pengembangan dan komersialisasi produk, dan returns management.
Di bawah ini diilustrasikan ruang lingkup SCM beserta proses-proses bisnis yang ada di
dalamnya.
Salah satu fenomena penting dalam rantai pasok adalah masalah amplifikasi permintaan
(demand amplification) atau bullwhip effect. Ke arah hulu dalam rantai pasok, amplifikasi
permintaan akan semakin meningkat pada setiap tingkatnya.
4
Amplifikasi ini disebabkan oleh adanya waktu tunda (delay time) dan ketidak-akuratan
data dan informasi. Waktu tunda mencakup penundaan untuk operasi penciptaan nilai
tambah (value-added) maupun penundaan karena idle.
The customer relationship management process provides the structure for how the
relationship with the customer is developed and 5aintenance.
The customer relationship management process provides the structure for how the
relationship with the customer is developed and 5aintenance.
The customer service management is the firm’s face to the customer. It becomes the
key point of contact for administering the product/service agreement.
Customer service provides the single source of customer information, such as product
availability, shipping dates and order status.
5. Demand Management
The demand management process needs to balance the customers’ requirements with
the firm’s supply capabilities.
5
Part of managing demand involves attempting to determine what and when customers
will purchase.
A good demand management system uses point-of-sale and “key” customer data to
reduce uncertainty and provide efficient flows throughout the supply chain.
6. Order Fulfillment
The design and operation of the network has a significant influence on the cost and
performance of the system.
With SCM:
- Changes in the manufacturing flow process lead to shorter cycle times meaning
improved responsiveness to customers.
The manufacturing flow process deals with making the products and establishing the
manufacturing flexibility needed to serve the target markets.
6
Manufacturing flow at the operational level looks like operations management internal
to the firm. However, certain characteristics of the process are designed to integrate
internal operations management with activities in the supply chain.
Supplier relationship management is the process that defines how a company interacts
with its suppliers.
The purchasing function develops rapid communication mechanisms such as EDI and
internet linkages to quickly transfer requirements.
It is important for the supplier relationships to be win-win. If both parties do not gain
from the relationship, the incentive to be in the relationship is diminished and it will
likely dissolve.
9. Returns Management
While many firms neglect the returns process because management does not believe it
is important, this process can assist the firm in achieving a sustainable competitive
advantage.
As part of this sub process, the team develops procedures for analyzing return rates and
tracing the returns back to the root causes.
Supply chain management includes integrating customers and suppliers into the
product development process in order to reduce time to market.
It is critical to have the right people from the internal functional silos along with key
customers and suppliers involved in the product development and commercialization
process.
7
- identifying the supply chain members with whom it is critical to link,
If the proper coordination mechanisms are not in place across the various functions, the
supply chain processes will be neither effective nor efficient.
8
13.Supply Chain Management: Implementation
Sumber: Diadaptasi dari Douglas M. Lambert, Martha C. Cooper and Janus D. Pagh, "Supply Chain
Management: Implementation Issues and Research Opportunities,” The International Journal of Logistics
Management, Vol. 9, No. 2 (1998), p. 2.