EXPLAIN - Extended Network Planning Overview

Duration and Training Format 5-day instructor-led training with case studies. Course Overview This course will enable participants to: Develop their understanding of what GSM is, its overview and architecture; Develop their appreciation of how GSM and related technologies can be used to deliver value to customers, Explore the linkages between technological capabilities of GSM and the antenna systems sued for the optimum performance for the same; In building solutions and there need; In building design process including a case study and indoor planning process and procedures and the final report. Course Objectives The goal of EXPLAIN is to present details and up-to-date information on the GSM standard. The participants will become familiar with the features of the GSM standard and why and how it evolved. The participants will learn about practical performance and deployment issues specific to the GSM and Indoor design standards. The processes, procedures and protocols followed in the indoor design process. Also participants will be excited to learn about new technologies like TETRA, GPRS, EDGE and UMTS and optimization techniques. About the Instructor Jasminder has a Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics & Communication Engineering and been in the field of RF engineering for the past 10 years. In this course of time Jasminder has executed various projects with Asian, American, African and Middle East companies. Jasminder has worked handson RF planning and optimization of GSM, GPRS, EDGE and roll out of 3G networks. Key Benefits

Confidential

Page 1 of 8

The participants will gain a detailed end-to-end knowledge of the GSM technology, its benefits and potential pitfalls. Furthermore, they will able to address real-world problems of the indoor design deployment. Pre-requisite for Participants A basic knowledge of GSM, IP and data communication technology will be required. Who Should Attend? For engineers and managers responsible for the planning, design, and operation of GSM networks and indoor design services What are covered in this 5-day training course?

(GSM Technology - Architecture, NSS, Air interface)

1. Overview of Mobile Networks

First Generation Networks Second Generation Networks Third Generation Networks

[3G Systems are intended to provide a global mobility with wide range of services including telephony, paging, messaging, Internet and broadband data. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) started the process of defining the standard for third generation systems, referred to as International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT-2000). In Europe European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) was responsible of UMTS standardization process. In 1998 Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) was formed to continue the technical specification work. 3GPP has five main UMTS standardization areas: Radio Access Network, Core Network, Terminals, Services and System Aspects and GERAN.]

2. GSM Architecture

System

GSM System Overview BSS BSC, BTS NSS MSC, VLR, HLR, AUC, EIR

[In GSM system the mobile handset is

Confidential Page 2 of 8

called Mobile Station (MS). A cell is formed by the coverage area of a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) which serves the MS in its coverage area. Several BTS together are controlled by one Base Station Controller (BSC). The BTS and BSC together form Base Station Subsystem (BSS). The combined traffic of the mobile stations in their respective cells is routed through a switch called Mobile Switching Center (MSC). Connection originating or terminating from external telephone (PSTN) are handled by a dedicated Gateway Mobile Switching Center (GMSC).]

3. Air Interface Channel Structure

TDMA Frame, Time Slots, Burst Logical Channels TCH Common Control Channels Dedication Control Channels Channel Configurations PCH Capacity SDCCH Capacity Timing Advance

(Radio Propagation and Planning principles)

4. BTS Architecture and Antenna Systems

BTS Architecture Type of Combining BTS Specifications MHA Purposes Specifications Base Station Antenna Type of Base Station Antenna Specifications Antenna Radiation Patterns

[In GSM system the mobile handset is called Mobile Station (MS). A cell is formed by the coverage area of a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) which serves the MS in its coverage area. Several BTS together are controlled by one Base Station Controller (BSC). The BTS and BSC together form Base Station Subsystem (BSS). The combined traffic of the mobile stations in their respective cells is routed through a switch called Mobile Switching Center (MSC). Connection originating or terminating from external telephone (PSTN)

Confidential

Page 3 of 8

are handled by a dedicated Gateway Mobile Switching Center (GMSC).]

5. Network Planning Transmission

Network Planning Process Link Budget CW Test Path Loss Model Digital Maps Model Tuning Predictions Analysis Search area and site survey Frequency Planning Grouping Frequency Hopping GSM Features Power Control DTX DRX Half Rate

Coverage,

Capacity,

(Optimization and radio Network Functionality)

6. GSM Features

Measurements report and Results Power Control DTX Paging, DRX Half Rate BA Neighbors List Cell Selection and Reselection Handover Measurement and Reporting Process Type of Handover Trigger Handover Process Resource Allocation Strategies TCH allocation: 5 interference bands List of TCH, SDCCH resources allocation

Confidential

Page 4 of 8

7. Drive Test & Network Optimization

Drive Test Introduction and Purposes Audit, Benchmarking, Network Performance Continuous Call Short Call Tems vs. BSC stats Tems Vs Abis Tems Post Processing RxLev RxQual Serving Cell MS Transmit Power Layer 3 Messages (System Info type 2, 6 etc) Case study Neighbor, Missing How to detect them with TEMS and others Asymmetric HO & resurgence Neighbor Deletion Neighbor list maintenance Swapped Sector How to detect them with TEMS and others Co- BSIC and Co-BCCH adjacent cell Co-channel vs. Adjacent channel interference Ways of detecting co-channel interference How to detect them with TEMS and others Cell Coverage Optimization How to improve it with TEMS and others

(Indoor Radio Network Planning)

8. Overview
Why Indoor Network?

Coverage everywhere - good network reputation Too expensive to increase the indoor location probability from outdoor sites Increasing the in-building Quality Increasing Capacity => High Indoor Frequency Reuse

9. RF Transmission Media Planning for Indoor Radio Network

Confidential Page 5 of 8

Distributed Antenna System Choose antennas that match to the environment - i.e. hard to spot! Install high enough - prevent desensitization Leaky Cable Leaky cable is modified feeder cable which radiates the BTS signal into the installation environment and receives MS signal i.e. as normal antenna Leaky cable creates cylindrical field around the cable Leaky cable provides uniform coverage Leaky cable is wideband Provides coverage also into location where the RF connection otherwise not possible Cable could be installed both horizontal/vertical Cable can be splitted as normal distribution lines Cable can be terminated with terminator or standard antenna Optical Fibre The total strand diameter for single mode fiber is about 125m The ultra pure glass that forms the core transmission medium is 810 m Low loss signal distribution within certain range (typical 1dB/Km for 50/125u fiber at 1310nm wavelength) Typical losses introduced by splices and connectors are 0.1 and 0.5 dB respectively Comparison between Different types Applications - General Categorization

Distributed Antenna System Shopping Malls, Airports, etc Leaky Cable Tunnels

Optical Fibre To be used when the cable runs are too long for a distributed antenna system

10. Link Budget Sample Calculation

Confidential

Page 6 of 8

11. Integrated Radio System

Introduction Integrated Radio System One common shared indoor system to accommodate Multi-Band Multi-Operator Use equipment that cover all bands (800MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz) Why? Too many antennas and cable inside the area Different operators have different equipment rooms, i.e. more space required Unfair environment to late comer System Diagram Point of Interconnect POI Criteria Insertion Loss How much signal is attenuated? Power Handling Total power allowed Return Loss Expressed in dB, indicates the ratio of the transmitted power to the reflected power Isolation between ports Intermodulation A nonlinear device Non-linear characteristics can be active and passive devices Active Mixed frequency products in transmission elements with non-linear characteristics Passive Mixed frequency products in components with linear characteristics but: imperfect contacts at conductor junctions presence of ferromagnetic materials in or near the current path Intermodulation Minimization Avoid active elements Amplifiers have IP3 limitation
Confidential Page 7 of 8

 Isolation between Transmit and Receive antennas 40dB at about 2m apart (using Katherine Omni indoor antenna to make measurements) Use band pass filters Filter out the IM products

(Other Technologies: TETRA, GPRS, EDGE and UMTS)

12. TETRA, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS

TETRA Network Architecture TETRA Services Tele, Bearer, Supplementary GPRS Basics GPRS Network overview EDGE Enhancements GPRS Hardware and software upgrades from GSM GPRS and EDGE Coding schemes and multiple Time Slots Modulation comparisons GMSK and 8PSK UMTS Network overview Allocated spectrum and bandwidths Spreading and spreading concept Comparison with GSM

Confidential

Page 8 of 8