Modul DVOR Full
Modul DVOR Full
Pengertian Umum :
VHF Omnidirectional Rage yang biasa dikenal dengan singkatan VOR adalah
salah satu alat bantu navigasi penerbangan yang bekerja pada band frequency sangat
tinggi VHF Band Frequency yaitu 108 MHz – 118 MHz dengan subcarrier 9960
Hz, yang memberikan informasi ke pesawat udara berupa arah, azimuth dalam
bentuk radial terhadap VOR itu sendiri dan informasi TO / FROM radial yang
dipilih.
Airborne Equipment :
Agar pesawat terbang dapat menerima signal radio frequency VOR dan untuk
mengetahui posisinya terhadap VOR transmitter itu sendiri, maka di pesawat terbang
sistim penerima dilengkapi dengan : antenna, receiver, control selector dan display
indicator.
Control selector
Lampu pijar
Lampu sorot
Sebuah Rotating Light Beacon mempunyai 2 (dua) buah lampu di mana salah
satunya merupakan lampu pijar yang dapat dilihat dari segala arah jika lampu tersebut
menyala, sedangkan lampu lainnya merupakan lampu sorot yang hanya dapat dilihat
pada satu posisi atau satu tempat kedudukan.
Lampu pijar tetap tidak bergerak ataupun berputar, sedangkan lampu sorot
berputar 360 derajat, dengan demikian di setiap tempat kedudukan dapat melihat
lampu sorot menyala tidak dalam waktu yang bersamaan.
Prinsip Rotating Light Beacon bahwa lampu pijar menyala pada saat lampu sorot
menghadap ke Utara. Jadi apabila seseorang atau observer berdiri di titik Utara, maka
dapat melihat kedua lampu tersebut menyala bersamaan sedangkan observer lainnya
yang berada selain di Utara akan melihat lampu sorot dan lampu pijar menyala tidak
secara bersamaan atau mempunyai selang waktu. Dengan demikian observer dapat
menghitung untuk mengetahui posisinya terhadap Rotating Light Beacon tersebut.
Contoh :
Misalkan satu putaran 360 derajat clockwise lampu sorot adalah 1 menit,
sedangkan observer melihat lampu pijar menyala dan lampu sorot selisih waktu 15
detik (lampu pijar mendahului lampu sorot).
Dengan demikian observer dapat menghitung dan menentukan posisi atau
tempat kedudukannya terhadap Rotating Light Beacon tersebut sebagai berikut :
15
Azimuth = x 360 = 90 derajat
60
North
0/360
RLB
270 90
180
Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa observer berada di sebelah timur Rotating
Light Beacon.
2. Conventional VOR :
Conventional VHF Omnidirectional Range (CVOR) dalam bekerjanya hamper
sama dengan cara kerja Rotating Light Beacon tersebut, akan tetapi pada CVOR
menggunakan gelombang radio frequency sangat tinggi (VHF).
CVOR System :
S i m p l e B l o c k D ia g r a m C V O R
D ip o le a n t e n n a
Om ni A m t
li
o
c
p am p m o d u la t o r P w r Am p
u
k
ic
P
T one w h ee l
M o t o r 1 8 0 0 rp m
am p C a r r ie r o s c i ll a t o r
a. Jika pick-up coil berhadapan dengan gigi-gigi kerapatan sedang, maka akan
menghasilkan frequency 9960 Hz (30 Hz x 332)
b. Jika pick-up coil berhadapan dengan gigi-gigi kerapatan tinggi, maka akan
menghasilkan frequency 10440 Hz
c. Jika pick-up coil berhadapan dengan gigi-gigi kerapatan renggang, maka akan
menghasilkan frequency 9480 Hz.
Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil dari induksi antara Tone Wheel
dengan Pick-up Coil merupakan Frequency Modulasi (FM) dengan Center
Frequency 9960 Hz dan Deviasi Frequency 480 Hz. Frequency Modulation inilah
yang selanjutnya disebut dengan Sub Carrier Frequency.
Untuk selanjutnya Sub Carrier Frequency tersebut dimodulasi dengan carrier
frequency (108 MHz – 118 MHz) yang dihasilkan dari Oscillator Carrier Frequency dan
dipancarkan ke udara melalui Carrier Antenna/Fixed antenna.
A B C D E F G
Hasil FM detektor Gambar 7 : Hasil induksi
di Pick-up Coil
Carrier antenna
Gambar 8 :
Hasil Pancaran Omni Antenna
adapun di setiap tempat / setiap titik penerima mempunyai phase yang sama
pula atau beda phase “nol” derajat
Adapun hasil pancaran melalui Carrier antenna yang di setiap tempat mempunyai
intensitas sama serta phase yang sama, maka hasil demodulasinya pun baik intensitas
dan phasenya adalah sama.
RF carrier signal yang dipancarkan melalui Carrier Antenna ini disebut dengan
istilah “Reference Signal” sebab di setiap tempat mempunyai signal hasil deteksi (30
Hz) yang phasenya sama.
Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa 30 Hz Reference Signal terkandung
di dalam Sub Carrier 9960 Hz (FM), karena disetiap tempat kedudukan terhadap VOR
mempunyai phase yang sama, maka dapat dipergunakan sebagai reference atau
sebagai signal acuan dalam menghitung azimuth nantinya.
2.2. Pembangkitan 30 Hz AM (Variable Signal):
Sejalan dengan putaran motor 1800 rpm atau 30 Hz yang dihubungkan juga
dengan Dipole Antenna, sehingga putaran Tone Wheel seirama dengan putaran Dipole
Antenna
Pengaturan Tone Wheel dan Dipole Antenna sedemikian rupa agar nantinya
menghasilkan beda phase 0 derajat antara 30 Hz AM dan 30 Hz FM di titik utara.
maximum
+++
+ +
+ +
medium medium
---
minimum
Gambar 11 : Cardiode
Hasil kombinasi/paduan hasil pancaran kedua antenna tersebut (carrier antenna
dan dipole antenna) menjadi bentuk lain yang disebut “Cardiode” . hal ini disebabkan
bahwa polarity dipole antenna yang berbeda phase 180 derajat di kedua sisinya,
sehingga terjadi saling menjumlahkan signal strength pada satu sisi, sedangkan pada
sisi lainnya saling mengurangi. Bentuk baru sebagai akibat pancarran kedua antenna
yang disebut dengan cardiode tersebut mempunyai intensitas level signalnya tidak
sama yaitu ada sisi maksimum, sedang dan minimum.
Karena dipole antenna berputar 360 derajat, maka bentuk cardiodepun berputar
sejalan dengan putaran dipole antenna.
Signal strength :
WEST EAST
SOUTH
EAST FM SIGNAL STRENGHT
Note :
Hasil deteksi FM signal adalah 30 Hz
Di setiap tempat mempunyai phase
yang sama namum level/amplitude
di setiap tempat berbeda.
Secara garis besar signal yang dipancarkan oleh pemancer Doppler VOR sama
dengan CVOR yaitu masing-masing mempunyai 2 (dua) macam modulasi yang
selanjutnya dikenal dengan 30 Hz Reference Signal dan 30 Hz Variable Signal, di mana
salah satunya modulasi terjadi di udara (sebagai efek di udara) dan lainnya terjadi
proses modulasi di dalam pemancar itu sendiri.
Begitu pula baik CVOR maupun DVOR mempunyai operating frequency Carrier
antara 108 MHz – 118 MHz dengan frequency Sub Carrier yaitu 9960 Hz.
Ant. No.1
Ant. No.25
FM yang diterima di titik Utara, Timur, Selatan dan Barat apabila dideteksi
maka menghasilkan frequency yang mempunyai phase berlainan dan di semua tempat
kedudukan terhadap DVOR station selalu berbeda phase.
Titik Utara USB USB
LSB
Titik Timur
USB
LSB
Titik Selatan
USB
LSB LSB
Titik Barat
USB
LSB
Gambar 22 :
Hasil Deteksi/demodulator Pancaran Sideband Antenna
Oleh karena kecepatan switching Side Band Antenna adalah 30 kali putaran per
detik, maka signal hasil deteksi (signal merah) adalah sama dengan 30 Hz.
30 Hz inilah yang disebut dengan Variable Signal pada DVOR.
Perbedaan :
Persamaan :
1. Hasil pancaran menghasilkan dua macam modulasi yaitu Frequency Modulasi dan
Amplitude Modulasi.
2. Menghasilkan 30 Hz Reference Signal dan 30 Hz Variable Signal
3. Bekerja pada frequency 108 MHz – 118 MHz
4. Mempunyai identification signal
5. Mempunyai Sub Carrier Frequency 9960 Hz c(frequency deviation = 480 Hz)
3.2.1 Prinsip Dasar Side Band Antenna Operation :
Blending Shape
Generator Switching
Unit
EVEN 2
LSB Side Band Antenna
Generator SB C/O Distributor
Modulator 48
Penjelasan :
1. USB Generator :
berfungsi sebagai pembangkit frequency USB (Carrier Frequency + 9960 Hz).
2. LSB Generator :
berfungsi sebagai pembangkit frequency LSB (Carrier Frequency – 9960 Hz).
3. Blending Shape Generator
sebagai pembangkit bentuk blending yang nantinya dimodulasi dengan USB dan
LSB.
4. Side Band Modulator :
berfungsi memproses penumpangan blending shape dengan Side Band
Frequency.
5. Switching Unit :
Berfungsi sebagai pengatur antenna memancarkan side band frequency secara
bergantian sedemikian rupa agar terjadi efek Doppler di udara.
Gambar 24 :
Blending Shape USB dan LSB frequency
USB LSB
frequency frequency
Output Side Band Modulator diteruskan ke
switching unit untuk diteruskan ke antenna
distributor, di mana pada switching unit ini baik USB maupun LSB diatur waktunya
sedemikian agar keduanya dapat dipancarkan ke semua antenna melalui antenna
distributor (ganjil dan genap)
1 3 5 23 1
USB USB USB USB LSB
freq freq freq freq freq
25 27 29 47 25
LSB freq LSB freq LSB freq LSB freq USB freq
2 4 6 24 2
USB USB USB USB
freq freq freq freq LSB freq
26 28 30 48 26
USB
LSB freq LSB freq LSB freq LSB freq
freq
1 2 3 4 5 6 23 24 1 2
USB USB USB USB USB USB USB USB LSB LSB
frequenfrequenfrequenfrequenfrequenfrequen frequenfrequenfrequenfrequen
cy cy cy cy cy cy cy cy cy cy
25 26 27 28 29 30 47 48 25 26
LSB LSB LSB LSB LSB LSB LSB LSB USB USB
frequenfrequen
frequenfrequenfrequenfrequen frequenfrequen
frequenfrequen
cy cy cy cy cy cy cy cy cy cy
Jika diperhatikan level signal antenna no. 1 belum sampai nol, maka disusul
dengan pancaran antenna no. 2 dan begitu pula antenna no. 3 disusul dengan antenna
no. 4 dan seterusnya.
Dengan demikian hasil pancaran seolah-olah tidak pernah mengalami level signal
nol, perlu diketahui bahwa waktu yang diberikan di setiap side band antenna untuk
memancarkan side band frequency adalah sepertujuh ratus dua puluh detik atau jika
dihitung frequency switching nya adalah 720 Hz. Jadi dengan jumlah side band antenna
yang ada pada DVOR maka dalam satu putaran atau satu siklus memerlukan waktu
sepertiga puluh detik atau 30 Hz,
Dengan demikian hasil FM di udara adalah 30 Hz, oleh karena waktu pancar di setiap
antenna berbeda maka menghasilkan beda pahase di setiap titik side band antenna,
dan hal ini disebut 30 Hz variable signal.
30 Hz
oscillator Modulator
and Power Antenna
Audio
Amplifier Amplifier Coupler
1020 Hz Keyer
Oscillator
Carrier
Oscillator
Voice PreAmp
4. Monitor Unit
Setiap peralatan VOR maupun DVOR selalu dilengkapi dengan Monitor Unit,
biasanya berjumlah 2 buah, hal ini dimaksudkan bahwa signal yang dipancarkan oleh
DVOR Transmitter adalah benar-benar sesuai dengan ketentuan, misalnya frequency
carrier, frequency kedua side band, power output, ketepatan azimuth yang diberikan
dan prosentasi modulasinya.
Dengan kata lain bahwa semua yang dihasilkan oleh DVOR Transmiter (hasil
pancaran) harus dimonitor kebenaran dan keakuratannya agar tidak memberikan
informasi yang salah kepada pesawat terbang. Apabila terjadi kesalahan pada hasil
pancaran DVOR Transmitter, maka Monitor akan memberitahukan control unit untuk
mematikan atau menonaktifkan DVOR Transmitter atau memindahkan ke standby
transmitter.
Sebagai input signal Monitor Unit berasal dari Field Detector Antenna , yang
letaknya di luar VOR transmitter itu sendiri.
Pada dasarnya Field Detector Antenna dapat ditempatkan di mana saja untuk
memonitor hasil pancaran DVOR transmitter, namun biasanya dan kebanyakan
ditempatkan di titik Utara ataupun Selatan di sekitar transmitter shelter yang kurang
lebih 100 meter agar mendapatkan hasil yang bagus dengan signal strength yang
cukup untuk dikirimkan kembali ke monitor unit.
Antenna No.1
(USB)
FD antenna
± 100 meter
Antenna No. 25
(LSB)
Gambar 30 :
Layout lokasi field detector antenna
Dengan jarak kurang lebih 100 meter tersebut dimaksudkan untuk mendapatkan
efek Doppler yang sempurna sehingga hasil deteksi sub carrier 9960 menghasilkan
bentuk signal 30 Hz yang sempurna (balance antara time positive dan negative sycle).
Simple Essential Monitor Unit Block Diagram
Level
Low Pass 30 Hz
Compara-
Filter Amplifier
tor
30 Hz AM
Sine to square Fault
converter
FD Antenna
Display and
RF 1020 Hz BPF Bearing
Bearing
Amplfier and Ampl Counter
Fault
Sine to square
converter Sub Carrier
Fault
Level
9960 Hz FM Compara-
Band Pass Detector tor
Filter and Amp
Gambar 31 :
Simple Block Diagram Monitor Unit
30 Hz Amplifier :
Berfungsi untuk memperbesar signal 30 AM yang selanjutnya diteruskan ke level
comparator stage.
Level Comparator :
Lavel comparator berfungsi untuk membandingkan besar signal (30 Hz AM / reerence
signal) dengan level threshold yang dikehendaki, apabila level 30 Hz AM tersebut tidak
mencukupi besaran yang dikehendaki, maka 30 Hz AM dinyatakan Fault (alarm).
Level Comparator :
Sama dengan level comparator yang terdapat pada jalur 30 AM, akan tetapi stage ini
dipergunakan untuk 30 Hz FM (variable signal).
5. Fungsi VOR
VOR
En-route:
Panduan en-route merupakan panduan arah di sepanjang perjalanan dari satu Bandar
udara ke Bandar udara tujuan, biasanya penempatan lokasi tidak di Bandar udara akan
tetapi ditemopatkan titik-titik sepanjang route penerbangan, sehingga dapat
dipergunakan pula sebagai check point.
Holding :
Panduan holding merupakan panduan reference point sebelum melakukan pendaratan
jika harus menunggu giliran mendarat.
VOR
General Description
The old four-course, LF Radio Range stations were inflexible and subject to
atmospheric noise under crucial bad weather conditions.
Near the end of WWⅡ, it became obvious that a more effective means was needed to
guide aircraft in flight from point to point.
By 1940, the CAA (now FAA) had begun the development what is now known as the
standard vhf phase-comparison omni-range; sometimes called merely omni or VOR.
In 1945, this system was presented to RTCA, and technical standards were discussed.
Shortly thereafter, the U.S government offered the omni-range system to the world,
and subsequently it was adopted as part of a standard world airway system.
2
1
VHF Omni-directional Radio Range
General Description
The operation of VOR is analogous to the operation of Light House.
3
1
VHF Omni-directional Radio Range
General Description
VOR located at, or near, an airport not only provides bearing information for an
approach to that airport, but also provides en-route bearing information to
aircraft over-flying or using the airway on which the VOR is serving.
Since the DVOR will successfully operates at sites where CVOR would be very
inaccurate, the Doppler VOR is installed to minimize the effect of reflections at
affected sites.
4
1
VHF Omni-directional Radio Range
General Description
5
1
VHF Omni-directional Radio Range
Typical Coverage of VOR
As the VOR operates in the VHF spectrum, the range of service is limited
to line-of-sight and is therefore considered a short range navaid;
typically 200NM at 35000ft 6
1
VHF Omni-directional Radio Range
Reception Range vs. Altitude of VORs
The air routes are composed of the VOR stations, which actually appear on the
aeronautical charts as a compass circle centered over the station.
8
1
Light House Analogy
The basic principle behind the rotating beacon is the relationship between the observer and the
beacon in degrees of azimuth
Both systems have fixed (reference) signal and rotating (variable) signal
Light House - fixed white light and rotating green light
- The shielded green light rotates at a fixed speed and can be seen when the observer is directly facing it
- The white light flashes when the green light faces MN and is visible in all directions around the beacon
VOR - fixed phase 30Hz and variable phase 30Hz signal
- The Ref-phase 30Hz signal is omni-directionally radiated through 360 degrees of azimuth, and its phase
is constant
- The Var-phase 30Hz signal rotates around the station at a speed of 1800 rpm, and varies in phase with
respect to the reference signal
Variable
Green Light
Variable
Green Light
Reference White
Rotates at 1 rpm
9
1
10
1
VHF Omni-directional Radio Range
2. Another 30Hz signal whose phase varies with bearing from or to the VOR station.
(Variable)
11
Radiation Pattern and Phase Relationship of CVOR
MODULATION
1. Amplitude Modulation
- Conventional AM
- Space Modulation
2. Frequency Modulation
- Conventional FM
- Doppler Effect
13
1
1. Amplitude Modulation
Conventional AM Space Modulation (CVOR)
Depth of Modulation
14
1
1. Amplitude Modulation
Space Modulation
Space modulation is a method of creating amplitude modulation by radiating from
two (or more) different transmitters the signals needed to make the amplitude
modulated waveform
The carrier is radiated from one antenna, while the sidebands are radiated from a
separate antenna
The total sideband component, radiated separately, will combine with the carrier in
space:
* exactly in-phase
* 180° out-of-phase
* or at some phase angle (phi)
The desired combination is that the total sideband component combine precisely in-
phase or 180° out-of-phase
In space, the two signals would be received by the RX antenna and the waveform
looks just like a normal amplitude modulated signal
※ This method is used to create the VOR signal
15
1
2. Frequency Modulation
Conventional FM
16
1
2. Frequency Modulation
Frequency Deviation by Doppler Effect
D
=
16
/
17
1
9960Hz(or 10KHz -MARU220 DVOR) subcarrier frequency deviates by ± 480Hz at 30Hz rate.
- CVOR : conventional FM
- DVOR : Doppler Effect
The frequency modulated subcarrier is amplitude modulated on the carrier.
Detected 9960±480Hz
18
1
19
1
VOR Antenna & Radiation
20
1
VOR Antenna & Radiation
Sideband Distribution Systems of CVOR and DVOR
LSBsin
sin
LSBcos
cos USBsin
USBcos
21
1
4-Slot Cylindrical Antenna (WILCOX 585B CVOR)
REFERENCE
SE SW NW NE
SB1
SB2
23
1
VOR Antenna & Radiation
25
1
VOR Antenna & Radiation
+ - + -
Rotating
Figure 8 Pattern
+ - + -
26
1
VOR Antenna & Radiation
4-Loop Antenna (Another type of CVOR Antenna)
27
1
VOR Antenna & Radiation
4-Loop Antenna (Another type of CVOR Antenna)
28
1
VOR Antenna & Radiation
4-Loop Antenna (Another type of CVOR Antenna)
30
1
VOR Antenna & Radiation
4-Loop Antenna (Another type of CVOR Antenna)
SB Generator
Outputs
A B
C D
With receiving point at 00 (Magnetic North), the received signal varies in amplitude as shown.
This amplitude variation is caused by the rotation of limacon pattern.
This variation is detected as a 30Hz AM signal in the VOR receiver.
33
1
VOR Antenna & Radiation
A
B
E C
34
1
VOR Antenna & Radiation
VOR Antenna Requirements
Omni-directional Pattern in the Horizontal Plane
Uniphase Pattern
Horizontally Polarized
Efficient Radiator
Current Distribution:
► same direction in each face at any instant; either CW or CCW
► maximum at center, and 0.707 of maximum at ends of radiating face
Radiating Face
IMAX
.707 IMAX
1/8 1/8
1/2
36
1
VOR Antenna & Radiation
37
1
VOR Antenna & Radiation
VARIABLE FM
SUBCARRIER
REFERENCE
AM SIGNAL
DETECTED 30HZ
AM REFERENCE
DETECTED 30HZ
FM VARIABLE
38
1
VOR Antenna & Radiation
Ref-Var 30Hz phase relation around the DVOR station
D
=
16
/
39
1
VOR Antenna & Radiation
Signal Spectrum
AM
Space Modulation
Conventional
FM
CVOR
Conventional
AM
FM
DVOR (Doppler Effect)
40
1
VOR Receiver
1020 Hz
Filter
41
1 OBS/CDI
The OBS allows the desired bearing to be selected and displayed by 3 digits on the
bearing indicator.
The OBS also provides a TO/FROM indication which shows if the bearing selected is the
heading TO or FROM the VOR facility.
Provided the aircraft is being flown on the exact bearing as selected on the OBS, the
needle of the deviation indicator will remain at the center.
When the aircraft is off course, the needle will move either to the left or the right of the
center indicating which direction the aircraft must be flown to get back to the selected
bearing.
42
1 OBS/CDI
43
1
OBS/CDI
The VOR indicator can actually provide wrong information if the OBS is not set properly.
This figure shows the confusion that can result.
44
1
OBS/CDI
45
1
OBS/CDI
Nice thought,
but not necessarily!!!
No signal received?
Tuned to wrong frequency?
46
1
Comparison of Ref-Var Phase Relations between CVOR and DVOR
(FM 30Hz)
1
Azimuth Error (CVOR)
Magnetic North(0˚ )
REF REF
48
MARU 220
Contents
1. VOR Theory
4. LMMS/RMMS
6. Antenna Assembly
1. VOR Theory
DME/TACAN collocation
Monitor
Antenna
VOR Site
MARU 220 DVOR -4-
VOR…?
0s
0 s A
0° Reference
North Variable
45 s 15 s
30 s
360°
360°= 60 s
270 ° 90 °
D Lighthouse B
180 °
C
MARU 220 DVOR -5-
CVOR…
A 0° Reference(CAR) = FM
= 0 – 0
North Variable(S/B) = AM
= 270 – 0 270 ° = 90 – 0 90 °
D B
= 180 – 0
180 °
C
MARU 220 DVOR -6-
DVOR…
A 0° Reference(CAR) = AM
= 0 – 0
North Variable(S/B) = FM
-90 °= 270 °
= 0 – 90 = 0 - 270 -270 °
D B = 90 °
Azimuth = AM (Phase) – FM (Phase)
(Receiver)
= 0 - 180
C -180 ° = 180 °
MARU 220 DVOR -7-
Doppler Effect…
http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/more_stuff/flashlets/doppler.htm
MARU 220 DVOR -8-
Doppler Effect and VOR (DVOR)_Flight A
A Frequency Deviation
by Doppler Effect
+480Hz
B f
D A B C D A
-480Hz
A Frequency Deviation
by Doppler Effect
+480Hz
B
D A B C D A
- 480Hz
CVOR vs DVOR
FM Reference(CAR) AM
AM Variable(S/B) FM
S/B ANT
Switching
Types of multipath
Longitudinal Multipath
causes Nulls in the vertical radiated pattern
Last goal !
To get 30Hz Orbit frequency with ±480Hz frequency deviation
(FM Index 16)
∆f = π x D x fn / λ0
D = ∆f / (π x fn / λ0 ) = (16 * λ0 ) / π
∆f (frequency deviation) = 480Hz
λ0 (wavelength) = 2.65m (@113MHz)
fn (orbit frequency) = 30Hz
D = 13.5m
13.5m
1 Rotation = 48 Antennas
1 Antenna’s Switching Time = (1/30) / 48
= 1/1440 sec
2 4
1/720 sec
LSB
MARU 220 DVOR - 18 -
Contents
Operating Software
LMMS (Local Maintenance Monitoring System)
Is user interface on local PC
RMMS (Remote Maintenance Monitoring System)
Is user interface on remote PC
Counterpoise
A S U
CHANGEOVER RELAYS
Control
Signal
L C U
DC/DC DC/DC
RCMU
Backup Battery
AC/DC AC/DC
MSG
Composite signal generation : 30Hz Reference, 1020Hz ID Tone and Voice
Blending signal generation : 720Hz SIN & COS Blending Signal
Control signal for antenna switching(supply to ASU via CSU) generation
Phase of RF signal to be transmitted control
Oscillating frequency of SYN in CMA and two SMAs control
MON
Azimuth (Bearing) Measurement
AM Depth Measurement (30Hz AM / 9960Hz)
30Hz FM Index Measurement
IDENT Signal Measurement (Code Decoding & AM Depth)
Antenna Monitoring (CAR & S/B VSWR)
Power Output Measurement (CAR & S/B)
Frequency Measurement (CAR & S/B)
CSU
Selection of Antenna Switching Signal (from TX1 or TX2)
Changeover Signal Interface / PDC Relay Drive
DME/TACAN Collocation Interface
Test Signal Generation
LCU
Data Communication with MSG, MON
Data Communication with External Equipment (LMMS/RMMS, RCMU/RMU...)
CSP Control
FAN Control and PSS Monitoring
CSP
Almost system functions, such as the status indication and parameter setting, and
changeover can be controlled and displayed by CSP without LMMS and RMMS control
CMA
SYN (Synthesizer) : Generation of CW
- fCAR : 108.00MHz ~ 118MHz
SMA
SYN : generate CW
- fLSB : fCAR - 9960Hz
- fLSB : fCAR + 9960Hz
PDC
ASU
PDC
Changeover of the transmitter connected to the antenna and of sampling the RF power
output level
Sampling of the RF signals from each course (CAR, USB SIN, USB COS, LSB SIN,and LSB
COS)
Detection of signal magnitude
Monitoring of the status (VSWR) of the antenna
ASU
ASU switches 4 sideband outputs (USB SIN, USB COS, LSB SIN, and LSB COS) from PDC and
distributes them to 48 antennas.
1 TM (toggling module), 4 SM(selection module)
Control signal : MSG CSU ASU
GUI Set
√ √
Accompanied port number must
be set after connection of USB –
√
serial (RS232)converter to PC
√
MARU 220 DVOR - 40 -
Local(LMMS) Network (2)
Cabling
Item Cabinet PC
Port LMMS (RS 232, Fe-male) USB (with Serial to USB Converter, male)
Cable & Connector D-sub 9pin, male --------- 2-2, 3-3, 5-5 ---------- D-sub 9pin, Fe-male
Top of Cabinet
S/W
RCMU > MENU > SYSTEM > RCMU Configuration > Config S/W
COMM Port > Comm Port : RS-232/1 or RS-232/2 CSP > MENU > SYSTEM > LCU Configuration >
Config COMM Port
RMMS > MARU220 Icon > Setup > RMMS-RS232 > Modify > REM1 Line Type : RS-232
Set Com port > OK > connection REM2 Line Type : RS-232
H/W H/W
Switch Dip Switch to RS 232 on RCMU Switch Dip Switch to RS 232 on LCU
S/W
RCMU > MENU > SYSTEM > RCMU Configuration > Config S/W
COMM Port > Comm Port : RS-232/1 or RS-232/2 CSP > MENU > SYSTEM > LCU Configuration >
Config COMM Port
RMMS > MARU220 Icon > Setup > RMMS-RS232 > Modify > REM1 Line Type : RS-232
Set Com port > OK > connection REM2 Line Type : RS-232
H/W
H/W Switch Dip Switch to RS 232 on LCU
Switch Dip Switch to RS 232 on RCMU
S/W
RCMU > MENU > SYSTEM > RCMU Configuration > Config S/W
COMM Port > Comm Port : Modem1, CSP > MENU > SYSTEM > LCU Configuration >
Modem 1 Line Type : Leased Line Config COMM Port
REM1 Line Type : Leased Line
RMMS > MARU220 Icon > Setup > RMMS-Direct > Modify > REM2 Line Type : Leased Line
Modem line type : Leased line > OK > Connection
H/W
H/W Switch Dip Switch to Modem on LCU
Switch Dip Switch to Modem on RCMU
MARU 220 DVOR - 44 -
Remote(RCMU/RMMS) Network _ Configuration (4)
S/W
RCMU > MENU > SYSTEM > RCMU Configuration > Config COMM S/W
Port > Comm Comm Port : Modem1, Modem 1 Line Type : Dial up, CSP > MENU > SYSTEM > LCU Configuration >
Site Tel No : ********* Config COMM Port
REM1 Line Type : Dial up
RMMS > MARU220 Icon > Setup > RMMS-Direct > Modify > REM2 Line Type : Dial up
Modem line type : Dial up > OK > Connection
H/W
H/W Switch Dip Switch to Modem on LCU
Switch Dip Switch to Modem on RCMU
MARU 220 DVOR - 45 -
Remote(RCMU/RMMS) Network _ Cabling (1)
Connector D-sub 9pin, Fe-male D-sub 9pin, Fe-male D-sub 9pin, Fe-male
Cable
Pin con. D-sub 9pin, Fe-male --------- 2-3, 3-2, 5-5 ---------- D-sub 9pin, Fe-male
Top of Cabinet
Rear of RCMU
Top of Cabinet
Rear of RCMU
Cabling
RS485/1 or RS485/2
Connection Port RS 485 (D-sub 9pin, Fe-male)
(D-sub 9pin, Male)
Rear of RCMU
4. LMMS/RMMS
Normal Mode
ASU
Maintenance Mode RED
Normal
Antenna
Aabnormal RED
Normal
Antenna
Aabnormal RED
The frequency window displays the set Operation Frequency and status of carrier, USB and LSB
PLL.
AM Modulation Depth
Click
Factory Setup ;
30Hz : 30%
1020Hz : 7%
Voice : 0%
Azimuth Adjustment
Click
Factory Setup ;
Azimuth offset : 0
Modulation Control
Click
Displayed Contents
Power Control
Click
IDENT Control
Click
Displayed Contents
Antenna Control
Click
Displayed Contents
Click
Displayed Contents
Click Click
Displayed Contents
Click
Factory Setup
Parameter Lower Upper
Azimuth 0 ± 1°
FM Index 15 17
30Hz 28% 32%
Modulation
9960Hz 28% 32%
Depth
1020Hz 6% 8%
Carrier Designated Fre. ± 10KHz
All the other parameters are available to be set up as Frequency USB Designated Fre. ± 10KHz
above method. LSB Designated Fre. ± 10KHz
Output Power CAR 80W 120W
RF Input Level -30dBm -10dBm
All ranges are subject to change as follow local policy.
MARU 220 DVOR - 66 -
Monitor Control (3)
Configuration Setup
Click
Measurement Mode
MON1 AND MON2 : Occurred changeover, if MON1 and MON2 have alarm
MON1 or MON2 : Occurred changeover, if MON1 or MON2 has alarm
Alarm Duration
When an alarm is sensed, the system determines that alarm during [Alarm
Duration]
Test Signal
It is used for the test and the calibration of MON unit
System Status
Version Information
[Information]
MSG Temperature Alarm It occurs when the internal temperature measured in MSG is -10℃ or lower or 50℃ or higher
CARRIER PLL Fail Alarm It occurs when CARRIER PLL Lock has failed
USB PLL Fail Alarm It occurs when USB PLL Lock has failed
MSG LSB PLL Fail Alarm It occurs when LSB PLL Lock has failed
Internal EEPROM Access Failed It occurs when the internal EEPROM of MSG cannot be read (Checksum or Access fail)
External EEPROM Access Failed It occurs when the external Backplane EEPROM of MSG cannot be read (Checksum or Access fail)
Power Table Load Failed It occurs when Power table for output setup in MSG cannot be read
30Hz AM Modulation Depth Alarm It occurs when 30Hz AM modulation depth received from a monitor antenna goes beyond alarm setup
range.
9960Hz AM Modulation Depth Alarm It occurs when 9960Hz AM modulation depth received from a monitor antenna goes beyond alarm
setup range.
MON 9960Hz FM index Alarm It occurs when 9960Hz FM Index received from a monitor antenna goes beyond alarm setup range.
1020Hz AM Modulation Depth Alarm It occurs when 1020Hz AM modulation depth received from a monitor antenna goes beyond alarm
setup range
Backplane Voltage Alarm It occurs when each voltage measured in Backplane goes beyond alarm setup range
USB Frequency Alarm It occurs when USB frequency measurement value goes beyond alarm setup range
LSB Frequency Alarm It occurs when LSB frequency measurement value goes beyond alarm setup range
TSG 30Hz AM Modulation Depth Alarm It occurs when measured TSG 30Hz AM modulation depth goes beyond alarm setup range
TSG 9960Hz AM Modulation Depth Alarm It occurs when measured TSG 9960Hz AM modulation depth goes beyond alarm setup range
TSG 9960Hz FM Index Alarm It occurs when measured TSG 9960Hz FM Index goes beyond alarm setup range
TSG Azimuth Alarm It occurs when measured TSG Azimuth goes beyond alarm setup range
PSU Left FAN Alarm (Lower left) It occurs when FAN temperature is measured higher than FAN activity setup temperature in
LCU Auto Mode
PSU Right FAN Alarm (Lower right) It occurs when FAN temperature is measured higher than FAN activity setup temperature
in Auto Mode
MAS Left FAN Alarm (Upper left) It occurs when FAN temperature is measured higher than FAN activity setup temperature in
Auto Mode
MAS Right FAN Alarm (Upper right) It occurs when FAN temperature is measured higher than FAN activity setup temperature
in Auto Mode
Unit Unplugged Alarm It occurs when one unit or more is unplugged within CMS/MAS Shelf
System Overheat Shutdown It occurs while system is being shutting down when one of two CMSs goes beyond setup temperature
after measurement of CMA temperature.
Log data is full It occurs when LCU Log Data exceeds maximal storage number
Transmitter LAMP
Classification Color Description
MON LAMP
Classification Color Description
OK
Output Power Operating
Fail
Fail
Reconnection Cable Connection Check the RF, Signal Cable of rear & top side of rack
OK
OK
OK
Inquire
Manufacture
OK
PLL Lock Status Operating
Fail
OK
OK
OK
OK
Inquire
Manufacture
OK
Modulation Depth Operating
Fail
OK
OK
OK
Inquire
Manufacture
OK
VSWR Operating
Fail
Fail
Reconnection/
Cable Connection Check the RF, Signal Cable of rear & top side of rack.
Replacement
OK
OK
Inquire
Manufacture
OK
LMMS Connection Operating
Fail
Check cable Connection status (RS232 Serial, USB to
Fail
Reconnection Cable Connection Serial Converter)
* Pin Matcing
RS232 : 2 3 5 direct
OK
OK
OK
Inquire
Manufacture
RMMS or RCMU OK
Operating
Connection
Fail
Reconnection/ Fail Modem / Media Check the connectivity of Modem or Media Converter
Replacement Converter Status Between site and remote office
OK
Check cable Connection status l(RS 232 Serial, USB to
Fail
Reconnection Cable Connection Serial Converter)
* Pin Matching
RS232 : 2 3 cross, 5 direct
OK
Estimate TCU Fail Check set configuration like link type(Leased, RS 232)
Re-configuration Set Configuration
TCU
fault / Replace TCU @ PC(RMMS), RCMU and CSP(LCU Interface)
OK
OK
Inquire
Manufacture
OK
CSP Operating
Fail
OK
Reset
Estimate
/ Replace
TCU Fail
LCU
TCU
fault / Replace
LCU TCU
OK
Inquire
TXU
Manufacture
[Customer] [MOPIENS]
4. Ship back to Customer the Repaired unit with RMA & Service Report
6. Antenna Assembly
DME Antenna
Radom Cover
DME Antenna Top
Support
Radom Cover
Bottom
Pedestal
Radiating Pattern
Radiating Pattern
Vertical Plane
(with Counterpoise)
Disc
Antenna Elements Capacitor
Feeding
Point
Accessories
Dipole #1 Dipole #2
J1
Balanced
Position
Cable
J1 J3 J2
Right Angle
Adapter
‘T’ Adapter • Converts between
Unbalanced to balanced
transmitter line
• λ/2 length phase
reversed by 180
• Impedance matching 4:1
Tuning Stub