Chapter one 1.1.

Introduction This tour is intending for the student to get experienced from the animal health situation which exists the regions that they from , which concerns about the collections of any new cases that they encountered from the places they visited .this survey we exerted an urban areas specially ,livestock markets ,slaughter house ,watering places, and also how droughts affects the animal health situation .these are main areas those need effective inspection because these are the places that the town gets daily income . 1.2.Back ground of study area. Gardo was received its recognization of district by the year of 1943, during the Italian

colonization of somaali territory . it is one of the biggest cities in punt land geographically and historically , which includes old cities in Somalia .although it was not nominated as regional capital from former Somalia ,but to day its a capital of karkaar region which was nominated by punt land government .The number of population are estimated around 200,000 people ,according to the climate its cool during the winter ,and the temperature between 19c up to 20c while summer are quite moderate and the autumn is cold .the town receives a rainfall two times in a year those are spring and winter . its economically depend on rural area where many nomadic people lives around the town because of the environment which is good for rearing livestock especially small ruminants and camel .the town has livestock market where many trades came to handling animals these animal includes those intends for local consumption and exports .according to the animal health services is rare and not officially exists because of lack of professional veterinarians excepts those non-professionals who sells drugs .so nomadic people treats their animal as traditional way like burned and plants if these attempts dont treats they leave dooms of Allah.

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Chapter two 2.1. OBJECTIVE: To put into practice the various activities going on in Gardo milk market ,slaughter house ,livestock market . To find out about the veterinary infrastructures into both the urban and rural areas.. To improve collecting and processing data skills and report finding. To observe the animal health situation during droughts.

2.2. Methodology chapter three 3.1.The effects of droughts on animal health situation Since the droughts came many nomadic people are suffering because their animal became weak and dies this results the loss of their animal with in short time. as we aware of this times is the one of most dangerous time of somaali livestock because lack of sufficiency nutrition which results many animal disease to appear and became virulence whether the cities or nomadic area. the Somali nomadic people have no government which handles their animal health Situation so they depend on aid from local administrations and international communities. The region which we visited many animals dies every day because of diseases and malnutrion , this can be damage the lives of many nomadic people who their selves depend on animal .so if the droughts prolongs this will brings many families to lost most of their animal and that will be disaster for Somali livestock trades which is major backbone of economic of Somalis . And also there are other impacts those are including the increase of cost input of animals that the livestock owners always buys food ,water and medicine for their animals .the major impacts of these droughts are diseases or health problems those affected most of animals which are specific for goats and camel . for that reasons attributed to me the collection of several cases those were new for my self , so the cases those I met were more but we summarized the followings.
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Inspection and observation treatment . interview and Clinical examination

3.2.Case one: Name of owner: Jaamac Alli Number of animals: three goats. Species: goats Owner compliance: He told us this dry seasons are harsh time for animal health situation and his animals especially adult goats begging to die after for long time the animal has been sick .and this problems affected both adult and young goats and he also mentioned the treatment that he has given but the animals not responded . Clinical signs: The goats were emaciated and dehydrated and there was severe respiratory distress including coughing ,nasal discharge and other signs those are ,drooling ,reluctant to move, in appetence, and also there is profuse diarrhea and rough hair coats. and the suspected was with respiratory diseases particularly ccpp. Treatment We prescribed of antibiotic such as cilamycine 10% at intramuscular injection of 3ml for two times of twenty four hours in a three days . Result: After the three days both nasal discharge and coughing were reduces and also the diarrhea were stopped .the goats feel recover from problems and starts to eat as normally. Sex: three female date.18/01/2011 age: 1-----3/yr

Place: Gardo/karkaar region

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3.3.Case two:
name of owner : Abdi faarx number of animal:6 species: camel: owner compliances : date :1/02/2011 sex :female age:4----7years place: adisoone area

He told us that the beginning of the problem first the animals stomach became bloated and full of fluid ,then the animal started diarrhea .and told us this is a endemic disease which nomadic people observed before, usually dry time .and they calls for local name known as (

sahanreeb),he was claimed the luck of modern treatment of this ailment and they treats in traditional manners and also mentioned that some of the camel are recovering and few numbers were died from the disease .

Clinical signs:
The camels were emaciated ,dehydrated ,and a penitence is good , yellowish diarrhea ,weakness. Recommendation/treatment We told with him to drench the animal salt solutions and other nutrition in order to rehydrate the animal .and reduces the weight loss .. Chapter four 4.1.Gardo milk market This market is located the central of the town which was built by Gardo local government of puntland in 2005---2006and the area it covers is about 50m2 , the market has facilities like electricity, water supply .the market receives milks from nomadic area of karkaar region and

other places ,this market is became important to the milk traders which was not belong before the specific area that they sells and brings their goods . so to day the entire of the city have only one milk market which every one buys milk .an according to the sanitation is poor, but the traders uses metal instruments and traditional equipment for the storage of milk. so this

encourages many people to favors the local milk which they drinks their selves and their children

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of that reasons this step up or enhanced by the income of milk traders .which encourages many women to joined this trade. the following pictures shows us Gardo milk market .

chapter five

5.1.Conclusion : This field was beneficial for the student to collects information about different area such as milk market ,livestock market ,and other areas in Gardo to enhancing their experienced or practical skills. And also to see the way the animal health situation effected by droughts ,so these areas there are olot of problems which needs to improve by local government and the communities of Gardo CITY.These are specific for communities to endorse at the local government suggestions to keep the environments clean which makes possible their trades and its moreover both parts must be help nomadic people who have been severely injured by the droughts . 5.2.Recommendation : We are advising both sides whether the local government or traders to join to gather to rich success full over different areas, those are important for daily basis . There fore we are suggesting the followings factors those we see the most important points. 1. local government must be encourage the improvement of hygiene in the market.

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2.The milk traders must be remain inside the building to reduce contamination . 3.Milk traders should be decrease their differences of milk prices ,which could damage their incomes. 4.The government must be bring in the country or open veterinary pharmacies animal health concerns . to protect for the

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