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Information

Access Digital Line Unit (DLU)


A30828-X1150-K100-1-7618

Digital Line Unit (DLU)

Information Access

Trademarks: All designations used in this document can be trademarks, the use of which by third parties for their own purposes could violate the rights of their owners.

Copyright (C) Siemens AG 2000


Issued by the Information and Communication Networks Group Hofmannstrae 51 D-81359 Mnchen Technical modifications possible. Technical specifications and features are binding only insofar as they are specifically and expressly agreed upon in a written contract.

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This document consists of a total of 57 pages. All pages are issue 1.

Contents
1 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 3 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.1.6 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 3.2.7 3.2.8 3.2.9 3.2.10 3.2.11 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.4 4 5 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 DLU Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Central Functional Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Peripheral Functional Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Functional Units for Remote Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 DLU Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Central Functional Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Control for DLU (DLUC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Digital Interface Unit for DLU (DIUD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Digital Interface Unit for Local DLU Interface, Type D (DIU:LDID) . . . . . . . Bus Distributor Basic Module for DLU (BDB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bus Distributor Extension Module for DLU (BDE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bus Distributor Module with Clock Generator for DLU (BDCG) . . . . . . . . . Peripheral Functional Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subscriber Line Module, Analog (SLMA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subscriber Line Module, Digital (SLMD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subscriber Line Module, Extended (SLMX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subscriber Line Module Internet, Feature programmable Modem, Type A (SLMI:FMA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subscriber Line Module Internet, Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line, Type A (SLMI:SDA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subscriber Line Module Internet, Packet Hub, Type A (SLMI:PHA) . . . . . . Function Test Module for the Test Unit (FMTU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Line and Circuit Measuring Module (LCMM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metallic Test Access A (MTAA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metallic Test Access B (MTAB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ringing and Metering Voltage Generator (RGMG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Functional Units for Remote Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stand-Alone Service Control (SASC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . External Alarm Set (ALEX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Supply in the DLU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 21 22 23 25 26 28 28 31 31 32 35 36 38 40 42 44 46 47 47 49 49 50 52

Safeguarding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

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1 Introduction
The Digital Line Unit (DLU) is used in the Digital Electronic Switching System (EWSD) to connect the subscribers and to concentrate the subscribers traffic in the direction of the EWSD network node. DLUs can be installed as part of the network node in an exchange (local) or as remote connection units in the vicinity of a subscriber group. Remote DLUs can be installed in permanent buildings, in containers or in shelters (for small groups of subscribers). The short subscriber lines obtained in this manner and the concentration of subscriber traffic to the network node on digital and fiber-optic transmission links result in an economical subscriber network with optimum transmission quality. The types of line that can be connected to a DLU are: analog subscriber lines (plain old telephone service, POTS) ISDN basic access (ISDN-BA) high-bit-rate lines (aymmetrical digital subscriber line, ADSL.Lite, symmetrical digital subscriber line, SDSL) V5.1 interface Analog subscriber lines and ISDN basic access give subscribers reliable, error-free access to the classical telephony services and access to the Internet via a point of presence (PoP). The Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL.Lite) and the Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL) represent a standardized, high-bit-rate and low-cost method of access to the Internet. As well as high-speed data access the ADSL.Lite and the SDSL also offer the subscriber an analog telephone line. Optionally, SDSL also offers the alternative of an ISDN basic access. The ADSL.Lite line and the SDSL line in the EWSD network node separate Internet traffic from voice traffic. The Internet traffic will be concentrated into the Packet Hub (PHUB) and routed past the switching network (SN) directly to the Internet Service Provider (ISP). Internet traffic thus does not impose a load on the EWSD network nodes. A DLU also provides V5.1 interfaces to different subscriber access networks (AN). V5.1 is the name of a standardized interface between non-system hardware such as an AN and the network node. Integration in the system The Digital Electronic Switching System (EWSD) is divided into a number of functional areas. Independent subsystems are responsible for carrying out the tasks of each functional area. The DLU is integrated in the functional area Access.

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Access RSU HTI

Switching network SN

DLU

LTG

LTG

Signaling

CCNC SSNC

* alternative Management Control MB

NetManager

CP

CCG

Features The principal features of the DLU are: Connection capacity of a rack Depending on which modules are equipped and what trafc volume is to be carried up to 952 analog subscriber lines or up to 928 digital subscriber lines (ISDN basic access) up to 384 ADSL.Lite subscriber lines up to 192 SDSL subscriber lines High reliability is ensured by: connecting each DLU to two Line Trunk Groups (LTG) duplicating all DLU units performing central functions, with load sharing continuous self tests High transmission capacity to the Internet Cost-effective operation in local or remote mode Transfer of Internet trafc without placing any additional load on the network node Emergency service for remote DLU (RCU) in the event of total failure of the transmission links to the network node.

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Structure The hardware units of the DLU can be grouped in several functional groups: Central Functional Units Peripheral Functional Units Functional Units for Remote Operation The central functional units in the DLU are duplicated and together form DLU systems 0 and 1. The peripheral functional units are: Subscriber Line Modules (SLM) Test Equipment Ringing and Metering Voltage Distribution The high-bit-rate subscriber line modules ADSL.Lite and SDSL and the packet hub are add-on units to the peripheral functional units. The functional units for remote operation include: Stand-Alone Service Control (SASC) External Alarm Set (ALEX) Fig. 1.1 shows a view of the DLU functional units. Analog subscribers Digital subscribers (ISDN-BA) V5.1 interfaces Internet subscribers

SLMA SLMD SLMX

DLU system 0

LTG

PHub SLMI ATM25

Internet

Testing and measurement Ext. test system Emergency control External alarms

TU MTA

RGMG

SASC Central Functional Units ALEX Peripheral Functional Units Functional Units for Remote Operation

Fig. 1.1

DLU functional units

DLUs are installed in racks or shelters. The racks or shelters contain the module frames of the DLU for various combinations of subscribers (depending on the equipment vari-

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ant). The modules belonging to one DLU are installed in two rows in a module frame. The space for one row of modules is called a shelf. For details of the mechanical design of the DLU (rack, frames, modules) refer to the Maintenance Manual Construction. Interfaces The DLU has the following external interfaces: Subscriber interfaces Analog and digital subscriber line modules provide POTS and ISDN functions in the DLU. The high-bit-rate subscriber lines ADSL.Lite and SDSL provide an economical means of accessing the Internet. V5.1 interfaces Non-system hardware (subscriber access networks) can be connected to the DLU via the Subscriber Line Module, Extended (SLMX) (max. 16 x 2 V5.1 interfaces (per frame) Interfaces to LTG Connection options for the DLU exist via one, two or four Primary Digital Carriers (PDC) to Line/Trunk Group (LTG) in B function. With the Local DLU interface (LDI) at the LTG, the DLU can be connected to a LTG via one 4096-kbit/s link instead of two 2048-kbit/s links. Interface to the Internet service provider (ISP) The DLU has the following internal interfaces: ATM25 interfaces Data and internet protocolls (Simple-Network-Management-Protocol, SNMP) between ADSL.Lite/SDSL modules and packet hub are transmitted via ATM25 interfaces. Control network interface (CN interface) The CN interface is used to control the modules via MML (man machine language) and for signaling of analog connections.

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2 DLU Functions
The Digital Line Unit (DLU) is subdivided into functional units: Central Functional Units Peripheral Functional Units Functional Units for Remote Operation

2.1

Central Functional Units


The central functional units in the DLU are duplicated and form together the DLU system 0 and 1. A DLU system consists of: Control for DLU (DLUC) Digital interface units (DIUD, or alternatively DIU:LDID) Bus Distributor Module with Clock Generator for DLU (BDCG) Bus systems The central functional units are failure units. If a fault occurs in a central functional unit of one DLU system, calls can continue to be processed via the other DLU system (restricted load). Control for DLU (DLUC) The Control for DLU (DLUC) controls internal DLU functional sequences and distributes or concentrates signaling flows to and from the line circuits. To ensure reliability and to increase throughput, the DLU contains two DLUCs. They work independently of each other in task-sharing mode, so that the second DLUC can take control of all tasks if the first fails. The DLUC is the point of departure for the DLU-internal control bus to the shelves. All functional units that incorporate their own microprocessor are accessed via this bus. The units are polled for messages to be sent and accessed directly for the transfer of commands and data. The DLUC also executes test and supervision routines and is thus able to detect errors. Digital interface units The digital interface units control the transmission of voice and signaling between DLUC and LTG. There are the following types of digital interface unit: Digital Interface Unit for DLU (DIUD) The DIUD has two 2048-kbit/s interfaces for connecting two PCM30 highways or Primary Digital Carriers (PDC PCM24). The PDCs link the DLU with line/trunk groups (LTG). Balanced-pair or coaxial cables can be connected. Digital Interface Unit for Local DLU Interface, Type D (DIU:LDID) The DIU:LDID has one 4096-kbit/s interface for the connection of a locally deployed DLU to LTG. When the DIU:LDID is employed, the contents of 60 speech/data channels and one CCS signaling link are carried over a single 4096-kbit/s highway (instead of two PCM30 highways). In addition, the DIUD and DIU:LDID provide interfaces to the DLU-internal 4096-kbit/s bus for the shelves. This 4096-kbit/s bus is used to distribute speech/data information to the subscriber line modules (SLM) and to receive information from the SLMs. The DIUD supplies the system clock (CLK) and FS to the SLMs and other functional units (e.g. TU, ALEX or SASC) via the bus distributor BDCG (BD part).

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Starting at the DIUD, a maximum of eight shelves (0...7) containing their own BD units can be accessed over separate lines (star topology). Clock signals are supplied to four outputs (0...3) of a shelf, each serving one quarter-shelf on one line (max. four SLMs). The SLMs have a clock selection facility. A signal for synchronizing the clock generator is derived from the PDCs line clock. To detect errors, the DIUD and DIU:LDID execute test and supervision routines. When a remote DLU is operating in stand-alone mode (because all connections to both LTGs have failed), the DIUD generates call progress tones (dial tone, ringing tone and busy tone). These tones are injected into the 4096-kbit/s bus via the PDC interface. In stand-alone mode, the transmit and receive channels have a fixed setting (loopback of the speech/data channels). Stand-alone service is not provided for locally deployed DLUs. In such cases, the DIU:LDID does not inject tones or loop back the channels. Bus Distributor Module with Clock Generator for DLU (BDCG) The DLU clock can be regenerated from the line clock from the LTG in the DIUD (DIU:LDID). In the same way, the frame signal (FS) can be regenerated from the frame alignment signal (FAS) of the PCM link. The DIUD (DIU:LDID) synchronizes the clock generator (CG) with the 2048-kHz line clock and the 4-kHz frame signal derived from the PCM line clock (LCLK) and forwards both signals to the functional unit BDCG (CG part). The CG uses these signals to generate the 4096-kHz system clock (CLK) and the 8-kHz frame signal (FS), which it returns to the DIUD. The clock generator is duplicated (BDCG0 and BDCG1) for reliability. The two clock generators (CG0 and CG1) operate on the master/slave principle. Under normal conditions, the clock generator designated as the master is active while the slave generator is on standby. The master supplies clock signals to both DLU systems. If the master should fail, the slave is activated and takes over the supply of clock signals to both DLU systems. The clock generator can also be switched over by the operator (switch on the front panel of BDCG1).

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LTG

Generation of system clock (CLK) and frame signal (FS) and forwarding of these signals to the partner CG BDCG0 CG0 (Slave/ Master) DLUC CLK, FS Clock interface Master/slave control CLK, FS BDCG1 CG1 (Slave/ Master) DLUC Signal distribution 0 1 2 7

LTG

PCM interface

Signal distribution 0 1 2 7

DIUD0 (LDID0)

DIUD1 (LDID1)

PCM interface

BDB0 0-0

BDB1 1-0

BDE 2-0

BDE 7-0

BDCG0 0-1

BDCG1 1-1

BDE 2-1

BDE 7-1

3 0

3 0 0

3 0

CLK, FS 3 Fig. 2.1

e.g. SLM 2-0

CLK, FS 3

Clock generation and distribution in the DLU

Bus systems Central and peripheral functional units communicate over a duplicated bus system. Bus system 0 handles the flow of information in DLU system 0 and bus system 1 serves DLU system 1. The DLU bus systems include (Fig. 2.2): Control buses The control buses carry control information, i.e. customer line signaling and commands from the DLUC to the SLM, customer line signals and messages in the other direction. The control buses operate at a bit rate of 187.5 kbit/s in both directions, with an effective data rate of about 136 kbit/s. Control buses 0 and 1 originate at DLUC0 and DLUC1 respectively. A DLUC has eight interfaces (one for each possible shelf) at which the control lines to the BD units in the shelves originate. After the BD units, the control bus fans out in groups to the mounting locations for those functional units that contain microprocessors. Both control buses, 0 and 1, extend to every mounting location in the shelves, enabling the second bus to serve all mounting locations if the rst should fail. In the BD units, the signals are regenerated and either fanned out again to other outputs to the periphery or, in the case of signals originating at the periphery, concentrated onto fewer lines.

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4096-kbit/s buses The 4096-kbit/s buses carry speech/data information to and from the SLMs. Each bus has 64 channels in each direction and each channel operates at a bit rate of 64 kbit/s (64 x 64 kbit/s = 4096 kbit/s). There is a xed assignment between the channels of the 4096-kbit/s buses and the channels of the PDC, determined through the DIUD or DIU:LDID. The 4096-kbit/s buses 0 and 1 originate at DIUD0 and DIUD1 (DIU:LDID0/1) respectively. A DIUD has eight interfaces (one for each possible shelf) at which the lines to the BD units in the shelves originate. In the shelf, the information owing on each of the two bus systems 0/1 is delivered to all mounting locations for SLMs via a bus distributor module (BD). This means that every SLM can be reached by either of the two DLU systems. The signals traveling over the buses are synchronized with the clock. Collision detection buses The collision detection bus is used to control the transmission of packetized X.25 data on the D channel of an ISDN basic access. Its function is to prevent simultaneous access to the Bd channel. One time slot on the 4096-kbit/s bus is assigned to the Bd channel. The collision detection bus is duplicated and works parallel to the 4096-kbit/s bus. It is only relevant to SLMD, SLMX or internet module SLMI:SDA. Ringing and metering bus The ringing and metering buses feed ringing and metering voltage (RGMG0/1) to the BDBs and BDEs and perform selection (single feed) of subscriber line modules

Signal distribution is handled by: Bus Distributor Basic Module for DLU (BDB) Bus Distributor Module with Clock Generator for DLU (BDCG) Bus Distributor Extension Module for DLU (BDE)

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4096-kbit/s bus 1 a. collision detection bus 0 Control bus 0 SLM SLM BDB 0 BD CG0 DLUC 0 DIU 0 TU

Shelf 0

SLM

4096-kbit/s bus 1 a. collision detection bus 1 Control bus 1 SLM SLM BDB 1 BD CG1 DLUC 1 DIU 1 SLM Shelf 1 SLM

Shelf 7 (2...7) SLM SLM BDE 0 BDE 1 SLM SLM

Fig. 2.2

4096-kbit/s buses, collision detection buses and control buses

2.2

Peripheral Functional Units


The interface to the subscriber line is formed by the subscriber line modules (SLM), the test equipment modules and the ringing and metering voltage distribution modules. The peripheral functional units comprise the following modules: Subscriber line modules (SLM) Subscriber line module, analog (SLMA) Subscriber line module, digital (SLMD) Subscriber line module, extended (SLMX) Subscriber line module Internet, feature programmable modem, type A (SLMI:FMA) Subscriber line module Internet, symmetrical digital subscriber line, type A (SLMI:SDA) Subscriber line module Internet, packet hub, type A (SLMI:PHA)

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Test equipment Function Test Module for the Test Unit (FMTU) Line and Circuit Measuring Module (LCMM) Metallic Test Access (MTAA or MTAB) Ringing and Metering Voltage Distribution Ringing and Metering Voltage Generator (RGMG) Subscriber line module, analog (SLMA) The Subscriber Line Module, Analog (SLMA) is used for the connection of analog subscribers to the DLU. An SLMA contains four, six or eight analog subscriber line circuits (SLCA), depending on the variant. There are numerous variants for different types of line, including analog subscriber line modules for DLU: for ordinary subscribers (SLMA:COS), containing eight subscriber line circuits with integrated SLIC, programmable, type B (SLMA:FPB) with eight subscriber line circuits for emergency telephone (SLMA:FPS) with four subscriber line circuits with silent reversal for coinbox telephones (SLMA:CSR), containing four circuits 12-kHz/16-kHz meter pulse injection, line reversal and loop open (SLMA:CMRL), containing six circuits for direct inward dialing (SLMA:DID), containing eight circuits (loop signaling) for direct inward/outward dialing (SLMA:DIOD), containing four circuits (pulse signaling) for two-party lines (SLMA:TPL), containing four circuits for the connection of eight subscribers via front-end equipment (secrecy box) Subscriber line module, digital (SLMD) A Subscriber Line Module, Digital (SLMD) contains eight digital subscriber line circuits (SLCDs), a control section with a system adapter, a line card processor (LCP), and a System Adapter Processor (SAP). Each subscriber line circuit provides an interface for the ISDN Basic Access (BA). Ringing AC voltage is not fed to the SLMD. The SLMD sends a digital ringing command to the terminal and ringing tone is generated in the terminal itself. Data are transmitted between the SLMD and the line side over a balanced 2-wire line at an overall data rate of 160 kbit/s. The overall data rate is made up of 144 kbit/s speech/data information and 16 kbit/s for synchronization, supervision and diagnosis. The availability of 144 kbit/s for speech and data gives each subscriber simultaneous access to two B channels of 64 kbit/s each for the bit-transparent transfer of information (speech, text, data and images) and one D channel operating at 16 kbit/s. The D channel is used to transfer signaling information between the subscriber and the network node and for the transmission of low-bit-rate data (e.g. packetized X.25 data).

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Subscriber line module, extended (SLMX) The Subscriber Line Module, Extended (SLMX) serves two V5.1 interfaces. Electrically, these interfaces correspond to the PCM interface in the DIU (2048 kbit/s according to ETSI). Any combination of the examples listed above is possible, within the limit of max. 32 ports or 30 V5 time slots being assigned. The following subscriber configurations e.g.can be implemented at one V5.1 interface: ISDN subscribers/PBX = 1 B channel = max. 30 subscribers ISDN subscribers/PBX = 2 B channels = max. 15 subscribers PSTN = 1 B channel = max. 30 subscribers ISDN packet data = no B channel = max. 32 subscribers Subscriber line module Internet, feature programmable modem, type A (SLMI:FMA) The ADSL.Lite function is implemented on the SLMI:FMA (Subscriber Line Module Internet: Feature programmable Modem, type A). The SLMI:FMA can be used in conjunction with the Packet Hub only. Each SLMI:FMA offers data functions and POTS functions simultaneously for eight subscriber lines. The voice and data traffic arriving via the subscriber line will be separated in the SLMI:FMA. The analog telephone signals will be handled using the classical Subscriber Line Module Analog (SLMA). Data traffic will be transferred via ATM25 connections to the Packet Hub. Subscriber line module Internet, symmetrical digital subscriber line, type A (SLMI:SDA) The SDSL function is implemented on the subscriber line module Internet, symmetrical digital subscriber line, type A. The SLMI:SDA can be used in conjunction with the Packet Hub only. Each SLMI:SDA simultaneously provides data functions or ISDN functions for four subscriber lines. The SLMI:SDA emulates the functions of the analog subscriber line module (SLMA) for low bit rates at every analog subscriber line interface or emulates the digital subscriber line module (SLMD) for ISDN basic access arrangements. The incoming stream of voice and data information from the SDSL network termination (SDSL-NT) is separated in the SLMI:SDA. The data stream is forwarded over ATM25 interfaces to the packet hub. Subscriber line module Internet, packet hub, type A (SLMI:PHA) The Module SLMI:PHA (Subscriber Line Module Internet, Packet Hub, type A) can always only be used in conjunction with ADSL.Lite module SLMI:FMA and/or SDSL module SLMI:SDA. The main task of the Packet Hub is to transfer to the network interfaces data received from the SLMI:FMA and SLMI:SDA (e.g. 100BASE-T, E3/T3 or E1/T1).

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For onwards transport of the data to the Internet Service Provider (ISP) there are different options, over: ATM Multiplexer (cross connect function) Broadband Remote Access Server (B-RAS) Redundancy is another feature of the Packet Hub. In the case of redundant equipment of a complete shelf, each Internet subscriber line module is connected to both Packet Hubs via ATM25 interfaces. The Packet Hubs communicate via the ATM25 Cross Channel.They operate in master/slave mode. If the master fails, the other Packet Hub takes over the entire traffic of all Internet subscriber line modules. Up to fifteen SLMI:FMAs or SLMI:SDAs can be attached via front panel connectors. Test unit (TU) The Test Unit (TU) is used to carry out tests and measurements on subscriber lines (comprising the line termination, the subscriber line and the subscriber line circuit). The Test Unit TU consists of two modules: Function Test Module for the Test Unit (FMTU) Line and Circuit Measuring Module (LCMM) Modules FMTU and LCMM provide single elementary test steps. These are started by commends from the TLF (translation function for subscriber line measuring) to the module. Modules FMTU and LCMM do not themselves contain any control programs which are able to have whole sequences of such elementary test steps executed. For electrical tests modules FMTU and LCMM need a metallic access option to the subscriber line and the SLC. The test buses are routed to the Metallic Test Access (MTA) for each shelf. For tests with the TU the test bus of the shelf involved is connected to the TU in the MTA. The FMTU and LCMM contain identical functional parts. These include the processor part, the signaling interface and the PCM interface. Tests must be initiated by the operator using NetManager. The following can be tested: analog line circuits analog lines and terminals feed to digital subscribers digital lines extended-range subscribers The TU can measure voltage, current, resistance and capacitance; timing can also be evaluated in the case of voltage and current measurement. Metallic Test Access (MTA) The Metallic Test Access (MTA) allows external line testing systems to access the analog subscriber lines connected to a DLU. There are two MTA variants: Metallic Test Access A (MTAA) Metallic Test Access B (MTAB) The following functional units are used for the Metallic Test Access A (MTAA) (Fig. 2.3): Metallic Test Access Module (MTAM) Line Test Bus Access controller Module for DLU (LTBAM)

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The MTAM module contains two ports with identical functions for connecting up to two external testing systems. The MTAM is required for the DLU to which the external testing system is connected. The LTBAM modules form the link between the NTT/OGT interfaces and the test bus. Two LTBAM modules, one with a Test Bus Access function (TBA) and one with a Line Test Access function (LTA), are used for each DLU. The DLUs belonging to a Remote Control Unit (RCU) are connected together by means of an inter-DLU test bus. All subscriber lines in the area covered by this bus are accessible via the MTA interfaces. Up to four tests can be performed simultaneously on each DLU using external testing equipment. DLU LTBAM:LTA* LTBAM:TBA DLU LTBAM:LTA* LTBAM:TBA DLU-internal test bus DLU LTBAM:LTA* LTBAM:TBA DLU External test unit LTBAM:LTA* common interface Metallic test access and Signalling LTBAM:TBA MTAM Digit as DIGIT BLOCK setup command Identification of the test subscriber from the number dialed CP

* access to SLM (a/b wire) via LTA function Fig. 2.3 Metallic Test Access A (MTAA)

For the Metallic Test Access B (MTAB) (Fig. 2.4), one LTBAM module is installed for each DLU. The external test equipment is connected to the LTBAM module in the DLU and, via the SLMA test coupling module, to the analog subscriber line to be tested. Each DLU is equipped with two measuring interfaces. Consequently, up to two tests can be carried out with external testing equipment simultaneously on one DLU. All tests and measurements are carried out by means of the measuring interfaces located on the DLUs. They represent the metallic access for the local external testing/mea-

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suring equipment at the network node. The measuring interfaces of a DLU are used to test subscriber lines connected to that DLU. The control interface is used to connect and disconnect the measurement interfaces. It is implemented by means of a Mediation Function Personal Computer (MF-PC) at the node, which is connected via control lines to an external testing system and to the Coordination Processor (CP). The MF-PC converts the message format which must be used to the system-specific message format. DLU Metallic test access LTBAM* CP

DLU External test unit LTBAM*

DLU LTBAM*

DLU LTBAM* Connection commands MF-PC Conversion of connection command into MML command

Connection command (Signalling)

* access to SLM (a/b wire) via LTA function) Fig. 2.4 Metallic Test Access B (MTAB)

Ringing and Metering Voltage Distribution Each Ringing and Metering Voltage Generator (RGMG) has access to a distribution system for ringing and metering voltage (ringing and metering bus). RGMG0 supplies all mounting locations for analog subscriber line modules SLMA in the left half-shelves (SLM0...7) via ringing/metering bus 0 and the BD units. RGMG1 supplies all mounting locations for SLMA in the right half-shelves (SLM8...15) via ringing/metering bus 1 and the BD units. The connection from the RGMGs to the BD units is implemented as a ring. If one RGMG is faulty, all BD units (BDB and BDE) can switch autonomously to the other, intact RGMG, which then supplies ringing and metering voltage to the entire DLU. Ringing voltage is applied through a short-circuit protection switch in the BD units and forwarded unamplified to the mounting locations in the associated half-shelf.

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2.3

Functional Units for Remote Operation


The following modules are needed for remote operation: Stand-alone service control (SASC) External alarm set (ALEX) Stand-alone Mode for Remote DLUs and RCUs A DLU operates in stand-alone mode if it cannot communicate with at least one LTG via a PDC with common channel signaling (CCS), e.g. in the event of total failure of the links to the LTGs. During stand-alone service for a remote DLU , the Stand-Alone Service Control (SASC) allows connected subscribers to set up connections to and from each other (internal DLU traffic) even when the connection to the controlling network node has been interrupted. In stand-alone service for push-button subscribers in the DLU, the SASC activates the tone receivers to facilitate DTMF dialing. The SASC handles signaling and speech paths between one DLU and another (up to six DLUs in one Remote Control Unit, RCU) or between subscribers served by the same remote DLU (e.g. shelter DLU). In internal DLU traffic up to 30 connections (corresponding to 60 channels) can be handled simultaneously. The 31st connection attempt does not receive a dial tone, because there are no more free channels. The SASC performs some important tasks during normal operation: Supervisory functions such as Storing DLU data (SLM information, subscriber data, e.g. directory numbers) Monitoring the integrity of stored code and data Performing diagnosis at the request of the DLUC Monitoring information received from the DLUC, e.g. state transitions Receiving and storing data from the LTG via the DLUC concerning changes to or expansion of subscriber line circuits and subscriber lines Switching to stand-alone service when requests are received simultaneously from both DLUCs. The SASC starts to operate in stand-alone mode after a guard time of <60 s (after receiving the stand-alone service request from both DLUCs). The main tasks performed by the SASC in stand-alone mode are: Controlling the setup and release of calls between subscribers served by the same DLU Controlling the setup and release of calls to subscribers served by other DLUs in the same RCU Switching from stand-alone mode back to normal operation when the link between one DLUC and the network node has been restored Checking the database and updating it where necessary (after switching back to normal operation) Performing internal hardware routine tests and some supervisory functions (the same supervisory functions as in normal operation) Controlling the tone receivers Alarm Handling The External Alarm Set (ALEX) is used to forward up to 16 different external alarms (e.g. power failure, unauthorized access) to the NetManager and/or to the network node.

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The functions of the ALEX are to: identify, store and evaluate the state of up to 16 alarm contacts exchange data with DLUC0 and DLUC1 test its own rmware and end communication with the DLUS if a rmware error is detected test its own hardware and report the detection of hardware faults

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3 DLU Hardware
The DLU hardware is made up of several major functional groups: Central functional units Peripheral functional units Functional units for remote operation The tasks performed by the functional units are implemented in modules. The following block diagrams only show the principal functional units of the DLU modules. Similarly, the interfaces are shown in extremely simplified form.

1 SLMA 8 1 SLMD 8 0 1 1 2

DLU system 0 BD.. Shelf 0 DLUC Shelf 7 SLMX (V5.1) TU MTA (opt.) Shelf 0 DIUD0 Shelf 7 ..CG0

PDC0 PDC1

PDC2

PDC3

1 SLMI:FMA 8 1 SLMI:SDA 4 SASC

25Mbit/s ATM

to the Internet over: Packet Hub (SLMI:PHA) E3,T3 E1,T1 100BaseT

RGMG0 ALEX

Fig. 3.1

Functional units of DLU

3.1

Central Functional Units


The Central Functional Units include as follows: Control for DLU (DLUC) Digital Interface for DLU (DIUD) or alternatively Digital Interface for Local DLU Interface, Type D (DIU:LDID) Bus Distributor Basic Module for DLU (BDB) Bus Distributor Extension Module for DLU (BDE) Bus Distributor Module with Clock Generator for DLU (BDCG)

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3.1.1

Control for DLU (DLUC)


The control for DLU (DLUC) controls the internal functional sequences in normal DLU operation and in standalone operation, and distributes or concentrates the signaling messages sent between the subscriber line modules. It then sends these messages to the DIUD (or alternatively to the DIU:LDID) via a 64-kbit/s interface. The main tasks of the DLUC module are: receiving the data of the CCS signaling link, which is separate from the digital interface units (DIUD or DIU:LDID), by means of the HDLC chip reading the signals sent to the DIUD from the RAM by means of the DMA control and inserting them in the CCS link to the DIUD with the aid of the HDLC chip converting the formats similar to signaling system No. 7 to the control bus format for the subscriber line circuits (SLC) initializing the DMA with the buffer addresses, in order to transfer the data of the input/output processor (IOP) to the RAM performing supervisory and testing tasks generating HDLC or SS7 signals interrogating the SLMs cyclically selecting the SLCs directly, in order to transfer commands and data converting and forwarding emergency data between SLMCP and SASC selecting the status display on the front panel of the module DLU processor (DLUP) RAM Bank address register I/O decoding A/D bus I/O bus

ROM Input/Output processor (IOP)

BD

Direct Memory Access (DMA)

DIUD

HDLC-chip Status display on front panel

Fig. 3.2

Block diagram of the DLUC module

The main components of module DLUC are (Fig. 3.2):

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DLU processor (DLUP) The DLU Processor (DLUP) is implemented with a microprocessor and apart from performing safeguarding tasks (e.g. initiating the speech/data bus test) is mainly concerned with format conversion tasks for formats related to SS7. I/O decoder The I/O decoder is used to select the ROM banks to be switched (via the bank address register), the HDLC chip, the IOP, as well as the status displays on the front panel. Program memory (ROM, RAM, bank address register) The address range of the DLUP is restricted to 64 kBytes as a result of the 16-bit-wide address bus; the top 40 kBytes are reserved for the RAM. The ROM is extended by subdividing the low address range into banks. These banks are selected by means of separate write operations in a bank address register. Input/output processor (IOP) The IOP controls data communication with the peripheral functional units (e.g. SLMA) via the control bus and makes sure that the DLUP is executable (watchdog function). DMA control The DMA control facilitates data communication between the HDLC chip and the RAM and between the IOP and the RAM. HDLC chip The HDLC chip operates transparently. DMA control is used for the exchange of data between the HDLC chip and the RAM. The HDLC chip only communicates with the DLUP directly by issuing transmit and receive interrupt requests and by exchanging control register data. Front panel of the DLUC module The light emitting diodes (LEDs) on the front panel of the DLUC module provide information about the mode of operation of the DLU and the CCS.

3.1.2

Digital Interface Unit for DLU (DIUD)


The DIUD has two interfaces for connecting two digital PCM30 carriers (PDC, or alternatively for PCM24), which themselves connect the DLU to the LTG. Important functions of the DIUD module: transferring messages to and from the LTG in time slot 16 (CCS) multiplexing and demultiplexing the 2048-kbit/s information from the primary digital carriers (PDC0 and PDC1) on the 4096-kbit/s bus (speech/data bus) synchronizing the clock generator with the 2048-kHz route clock and a frame alignment signal echoing the time slot of the 4096-kbit/s bus during emergency operation supplying dial tones, ringing tones and busy tones during emergency operation in-service monitoring for the PDC transmission systems indicating alarms on the front panel of the module by means of LEDs PDC loopback for diagnosis

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2 Mbit/s

2 Mbit/s

HDB3 interface (LTG)

PDC synchronization (LTG interface for DIU:LDID)

Time slot control

Speech/ data bus interface

from/to shelves (via BD)

4 Mbit/s

CCS interface

DLUC

CG

Clock conditioner Emergency tone generator (loop test interface for DIU:LDID) Collision det. bus

SLMD, SLMX

Processor DLUC

(via BD)

Fig. 3.3

Block diagram of modules DIUD and DIU:LDID

The main components of the module are (Fig. 3.3): HDB3 interface The HDB3 interface converts the DC-free line code to transistor-transistor-logic (TTL) signals. PDC synchronization The PDC synchronization circuit aligns the clock and frame signals to the PCM30 interfaces and to the PCM24 interfaces. It obtains the synchronization information from the regenerated route clock and the frame alignment signal. Time slot control The tasks of the time slot control are as follows: converting 2 x 2 Mbit/s signals to 4 Mbit/s signals supplying audible tones in emergency operation supplying the loop test tone (SLM) connecting test loops Speech/data bus interface The speech/data bus interface makes 4-Mbit/s data and clock/frame alignment signals available.

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CCS interface Control information is exchanged between the LTG and the DLU on a common channel signaling (CCS) link. The CCS information which is received in time slot 16 of PDC0 is extracted from this slot, converted to a continuous 64-kbit/s stream in shift registers and passed on directly to the DLUC. Processor The processor is used to control the bit-serial signaling interface to the input/output processors (DIU:IOP) of the DLUC via the control bus handles central control functions on the DIUD analyzes alarms monitors error thresholds performs tests on the DIUD Emergency tone generator The emergency tone generator generates the audible tones (dial, ringing and busy tones) during emergency operation, as well as a loop test tone for the speech bus, and evaluates the tones which are echoed back by the SLMA according to the instructions it receives from the DLUP. The audible tones which are generated by the emergency tone generator are supplied to the 4096-kbit/s bus via the PDC interface. Collision detection bus The collision detection bus is used to control transfer of packetized X.25 data via the D channel of the ISDN basic access. It prevents simultaneous accesses to the Bd channel. A time slot is reserved for the Bd channel on the 4096-kbit/s bus. Clock conditioner In the DIUD, the line clock (LCLK) of 2.048 MHz is derived from the PCM30 link carrying the CCS channel and forwarded to module BDCG for synchronization together with the line frame signal (LFS) of 4 kHz.

3.1.3

Digital Interface Unit for Local DLU Interface, Type D (DIU:LDID)


The DIU:LDID module has a 4-Mbit/s interface for connecting a local DLU to a line trunk group with a B function. This module performs the following functions: Transferring data, timing signals and synchronization information from the 4096kbit/s transmission interface to the LTG Inserting test loops Generating and evaluating the checksums calculated for the 4096-kbit/s data stream When the DLU is employed in local mode, DIU:LDID replaces DIUD. The construction of the DIU:LDID is based on that of module DIUD. In terms of functions, the main differences between this module (Fig. 3.3) and the DIUD are:

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LTG interface The following signals are transmitted between the LTG and the DLU: 4096-kbit/s data 4096-kHz clock 8-kHz synchronizing pulse Time slot control If the DIU:LDID is used, there is no conversion from 2 Mbit/s to 4 Mbit/s. There is moreover no form of emergency operation when the DLU is used locally. No emergency tones are supplied. Loop test interface A test tone is transmitted to the SLM within the framework of the DLU-internal, routine PCM test; it is echoed there and evaluated on the DIU:LDID. A transmitter generates checksums for the 4096-kbit/s data and inserts them in a vacant time slot of the signal which is to be transmitted. A receiver matches the received signals to the DLU system clock and monitors the checksums.

3.1.4

Bus Distributor Basic Module for DLU (BDB)


The bus distributor basic module for DLU (BDB) supplies the 4096-kbit/s bus information (64 time slots) from the DIUD to the various SLMs. The BDB selects one SLM for the DLU-internal control information with the aid of the 4-bit address information from the DLUC, whereby the serial interface of the SLM is connected to the IOP of the DLUC via the BDB. The connection between the RGMG0, RGMG1 and the two BDBs is fully transposed. During normal operation, RGMG0 supplies the left-hand half of the shelf and RGMG1 the right-hand half. If one RGMG fails, module-internal supervisory circuits detect the fault. The BDB determines the failure by means of a signal and disconnects the ringing voltage for the half shelf concerned. The BDB then switches over to the other RGMG. The BDB connects the ringing voltage line to the SLMA with the RGMG after a glare time has elapsed. The voltage limiting function for its own half shelf and for the RGMG is also the responsibility of the BDB. The BDB performs the following functions: Distributing the information from the 4096-kbit/s bus to the subscriber line modules Collecting voice information and forwarding it to the DLUC Distributing ringing and metering voltage Figures 3.4 and 3.5 show the bus distributor basic module BDB with the digital and analog functional units.

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Clock and frame alignment signal SLM Speech/data transfer DIUD

Signaling Selection and interrogation circuit Decoder SLM, DIUD Selector DLUC

Fig. 3.4

Bus distribution module BDB, digital part

The main components of the bus distribution module BDB, digital part (Fig. 3.4) are: Clock and frame alignment signal The internal DLU 4096-kHz clock (CLK) and the associated matched 8-kHz frame alignment signal are each transferred from the DIUD and routed via the line driver. Speech/data transfer Distributing the speech information in the receive direction From the DIUD the whole speech/data information is sent to the BD. On the subscriber side the SLMs are collected into groups of four. One of the data lines leads to each of these four groups. The speech information is extracted on the appropriate SLM. Collecting the speech information in the send direction On the subscriber side the 16 SLMs (maximum) are collected into four groups of four. From each of these groups data lines lead to the bus distributor. Signaling Select and polling circuit The select and polling circuit can be used to initiate blocking via the DLUC (or cancellation of blocking) of the SLMs collected into groups of four. It can also determine whether the ringing and metering voltage generators (RGMG) are error-free and whether the supply voltage has failed in the half shelf. Decoder Data from the DLUC are transferred to the bus distributor. After regeneration of the signal by the bus distributor the information must be distributed to the 16 modules of the shelf. Selector The 16 SLMs transfer their information to the BD.

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Ringing line Metering voltage distribution SLM

Ringing voltage Metering voltage RGMG Switchover unit

SLM,BDCG Interrogation circuit Fig. 3.5

Voltage monitor

DCC0, DCC1

Bus distribution module BDB, analog part

The main components of the bus distribution module BDB, analog part (Fig. 3.5) are: Ringing and metering voltage The BDB distributes ringing and metering voltage to the half shelves. Switchover unit If a fault occurs in module RGMG0, the switchover unit transfers control to the redundant RGMG1. Voltage monitor All DC voltages used in the half shelf are monitored.

3.1.5

Bus Distributor Extension Module for DLU (BDE)


The bus distributor extension module is used exclusively in the DLU expansion shelves. The functions and structure of the bus distributor extension module (BDE) are similar to those of the BDB module. In addition to the 4096 kbit/s, collision detection bus and control bus functions, the BDE also switches over the ringing current. A current limiting circuit for the RGMG in the allocated half shelf is provided on the BDE module.

3.1.6

Bus Distributor Module with Clock Generator for DLU (BDCG)


The bus distributor module with clock generator (BDCG) is redundant and contains two separate functional units. Bus Distributor (BD) Clock Generator (CG) Bus Distributor Part (BD) The bus distributor (BD) on the module takes care of the distribution tasks for DLU system 0 or 1 on shelf 0 or shelf 1. It distributes the speech/data information which is received from the DIUD, the frame alignment signal and the clock of the subscriber line modules (SLM) on the shelf. In the opposite direction, the BD picks up the speech/data information from the various subscriber line modules and transfers it to the DIUD.

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The functions of the BD part are: Distributing the internal DLU clock (CLK) of 4096 kHz and the associated frame alignment signal (FS) of 8 kHz Transmitting voice information to and from the subscriber line modules Transferring signaling information to and from the subscriber line modules For the structure of the bus distributor BD part, see the bus distributor basic module for DLU (BDB). Clock Generator Part (CG) The clock generator (CG) generates the 4096-kHz system clock required by the DLU as well as the associated frame alignment signal from the regenerated 2048-kHz line clock of PDC0 or PDC2 and the associated frame alignment signal (FAS). The two clock generators operate on the master/slave principle. Under normal circumstances the clock generator defined as the master is active whereas the slave clock generator is in the standby state. The master determines the clock signals for both DLU systems. Failure of the master clock generator causes a switchover to the slave clock generator which then also determines the clock signals for the two DLU systems. The CGs perform phase synchronization through exchange and synchronization information, in which case the generator that is in the standby state synchronizes to a master clock supplied by the active clock generator. If there is a fault the master and slave state is swapped before a phase difference could have a detrimental effect in the periphery. The functions of the CG part are as follows: Generating and synchronizing the system clock of 4096 kHz and the associated frame alignment signal (FS) of 8 kHz from DIUD IOP Master/Slave preselect LCLK LFS

Input section

Phase regulation

partner CG

Output section FS Watchdog CLK to DIUD

Fig. 3.6

Clock generator CG part

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The main components of the clock generator CG part are (Fig. 3.6): Input/Output processor (IOP) The IOP monitors the generation of the internal DLU clock and the corresponding frame alignment signal on module CG. The monitoring is performed using clock super-vision circuits for which the status is evaluated by the IOP. Master/slave preselect The backplane wiring generally sets CG0 as the master. This master function is shown by a LED on the module faceplate. If however the signal connected to system 1 should prove to be more stable, the conguration can be changed to master using the rocker switch on the faceplate of CG1 (on CG0 this switch has no function). Input section Modules CG0 and CG1 obtain their 2048-kHz-line clock (LCLK) and the 4-kHz line frame signal (LFS) from the appropriate DIUD or DIU:LDID. An input counter divides the 2048 kHz to 8 kHz and is synchronized by LFS. On each CG module the 8-kHz clock of the own input counter in the clock super-vision circuit and the 8-kHz clock of the partner input counter are monitored. The clock of the partner module, subdivided to 8 kHz, is routed to the clock supervision circuit and the corresponding own 8-kHz clock is transferred to the supervision circuit of the partner module. Both CG modules feed the 8 kHz clock subdivided by the master module into their phase regulation circuit. Phase regulation Phase regulation consists of the Phase Locked Loop (PLL) and the phase locked loop supervision. The phase discriminator obtains the clock subdivided to 8 kHz and compares the 8-kHz clock derived from the oscillator frequency with the reference clock. If the 8-kHz reference clock of the master module fails, switchover takes place to the clock of the partner. The phase locked loop supervision checks whether the 8-kHz clock output by the output divider is synchronized with the 8-kHz reference clock. Phase differences greater than 2ms lead to an alarm. If there is a phase alarm in the clock generator operating as the master then the clock generator which was previously operating as the slave assumes the master function. Output section Coming from the phase regulation circuit, the frame alignment signal and the 4096kHz clock of both modules are routed to the output section. The frame alignment signal and the clock are passed to the partner module. Since the two modules CG obtain the frame signal (FS) and the clock from the output counter of one of the two modules, the requirement for synchronous operation of the two PCM bus systems in the DLU is fullled. The frame alignment signals are checked by the clock supervision. The clock supervision is responsible for its own 8-kHz FS select gate drive signal and for the corresponding signal from the partner module. Since the supervision circuits derive their input signal from the 8-kHz outputs of the output counters they also check the 4096-kHz clocks taken from the phase regulation circuit. If there is no error message for the master for its own frame signal FS then its own clock and own frame alignment signal are switched through in the clock select to the DIUD or DIU:LDID.

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3.2

Peripheral Functional Units


The peripheral functional units comprise: Subscriber line modules (SLM) Subscriber line module, analog (SLMA) Subscriber line module, digital (SLMD) Subscriber line module, extended (SLMX) Subscriber line module Internet, feature programmable modem, type A (SLMI:FMA) Subscriber line module Internet, symmetrical digital Subscriber Line, Type A (SLMI:SDA) Subscriber line module Internet, packet hub, type A (SLMI:PHA) Test equipment Function Test Module for the Test Unit (FMTU) Line and Circuit Measuring Module (LCMM) Metallic Test Access (MTAA or MTAB) Ringing and Metering Voltage Distribution Ringing and Metering Voltage Generator (RGMG)

3.2.1

Subscriber Line Module, Analog (SLMA)


The SLMA contains up to eight analog Subscriber Line Circuits (SLCA), depending on the variant, and a shared control section with the processor (SLMCP). The subscriber line module analog for ordinary subscribers (SLMA:COS) is used as the standard module in the DLU. The most important functions performed by the SLMA:COS module are as follows: high-impedance line supervision for identifying events which occur in the idle state high and low-impedance supply with loop short and ground fault supervision (SLMA:COS only for normal subscribers with loop start) receiving dial pulsing transferring push-button dialing (DTMF) unbalanced application of ring on the tip, ring tripping when the subscriber goes offhook connecting the line and circuit sides to a test multiple providing protection against overvoltage conditions and external voltages DC decoupling for the speech signals adjustable relative transmit and receive levels adjustable 2-wire impedance 2/4-wire conversion with programmable line balancing encoding/decoding speech signals fullling ITU-T transmission requirements redundant PCM speech interface with 2x64 programmable time slots signal preprocessing in the SLMCP redundant signaling interface

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Analog Subscriber lines 0

Subscriber interface

SLCA0 Test matrix Speech converter

Signaling

Speech transmission

4096-kbit/s bus 0

4096-kbit/s bus 1 SLCA7 Test matrix Speech converter

Testing equipment

Test connector

Signaling

Signal transmission

Control bus 0

SLMCP

Control bus 1

Fig. 3.7

Block diagram of subscriber line module SLMA:COS

The main components of the module are (Fig. 3.7): Subscriber line circuits analog (SLCA) The subscriber line circuits analog (SLCA) on the SLMA:... modules are controlled by a processor (SLMCP). The SLCAs contain the necessary indication and feeding circuits as well as the analog-digital and digital-analog converters for voice information. Subscriber line module processor (SLMCP) Every subscriber line module processor is linked to the two DLUCs over a duplicated control bus, and is hence able to control all call-processing functions on the module. Voice/signal transmission Exchange of data with the DLUC and the LTGs takes place through the voice/signal transmission unit. It transfers call-processing, safeguarding and O&M information. Test access The test access unit allows a subscriber line circuit to be connected to the test bus on the circuit side and on the line side. Consequently, the test unit (TU), under the control of the LTG, is able to test the circuit side and the line side separately.

3.2.2

Subscriber Line Module, Digital (SLMD)


The digital Subscriber Line Module (SLMD) accommodates eight digital subscriber line circuits (SLCD) and the common control section. Each subscriber line circuit provides an interface for the ISDN Basic Access (BA).

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The SLMD feeds a direct current converter in the Network Termination (NT), which in turn supplies the operating voltage to the interface circuits. The NT has a separate power supply, to allow the terminal equipment to be fed via the S0 bus. During emergency operation, i.e. in the event of an AC line voltage failure at the NT, the telephones are supplied with power by the SLMD via the S0 bus. The functions of the SLMD are as follows: transmitting the subscriber data on two-wire subscriber lines at a rate of 144 kbit/s (two 64-kbit/s channels, one 16-kbit/s channel) 2/4-wire conversion transmission using the adaptive echo method automatic matching if the wires of the subscriber line are interchanged fullling transmission requirements (e.g. ETSI) controlling the activation/deactivation procedure remote-feeding of the Network Termination (NT) via the subscriber line short-circuit and ground supervision for the subscriber line providing protection against overvoltage conditions and external voltages switching over the subscriber line and the subscriber line circuit for test purposes controlling the data ow on the B and D channels with the aid of the Line Card Processor (LCP) redundant 4096-kbit/s bus with 2 x 64 programmable time slots for speech/data transmission (B channels) assembling and disassembling the D channel information, comprising signaling and packet data redundant collision detection bus for controlling packet data transfers in one time slot (Bd channel) of each 4096-kbit/s bus exchanging signaling data with the DLUC via the redundant control bus by means of a single-chip microcomputer (SAP) providing support for DLU system maintenance, e.g. diagnosis, on-line supervision

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Control section NT SLCD0 IDEC NT SLCD7 HSCX EPIC Interface 4096-kbit/s bus 0 4096-kbit/s bus 1 Control bus 0

Testing equipment

RAM

Control bus 1

BMC

SAP

Collision detection bus 0 Collision detection bus 1

LCP

PROM

Fig. 3.8

Block diagram of subscriber line module digital SLMD

The main components of the module are (Fig. 3.8): Extended PCM interface controller (EPIC) The extended PCM interface controller (EPIC) routes the data on the B channels of the eight subscriber lines to the interface, and provides them with the system clock and the associated frame alignment signal. ISDN D-channel exchange controller (IDEC) The ISDN D-channel exchange controller (IDEC) is a serial HDLC chip that supports packet data transfer on the D channel of all eight subscriber lines. High-level serial communication controller extended (HSCX) The high-level serial communication controller extended (HSCX) controls the transmission of packet data. System adapter processor (SAP) The system adapter processor (SAP) controls the exchange of data with the DLUC. It receives messages for the DLUC via the LCP. Line card processor (LCP) The line card processor (LCP) controls the flow of data on the module. Bus and memory controller (BMC) The bus and memory controller (BMC) is responsible for the access control of all components accessed by the SAP and LCP.

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3.2.3

Subscriber Line Module, Extended (SLMX)


To connect the V5.1 interface to the DLUs the Subscriber Line Module SLMX is used. This module services two V5.1 interfaces (Port 0 and Port 1), with a maximum of two times 32 channels. These interfaces correspond electrical to the PCM interface of the DIU (2048 kbit/s as per ETSI). No ringing or metering voltage is supplied to the SLMX and it requires no voltage supply by the voltage converter (DCC). The main functions of module SLMX are: Providing up to three communication channels (C channels) per V5.1 interface and exibly assigning the ISDN subscribers to the C channels Optional analog subscriber line access (PSTN access) Nailed-up connection (NUC) at 64 kbit/s for 1 or 2 B channels of an ISDN-BA Layer-2 termination of the V5.1 protocol Voltage converter V5.1 Port 0 2048 kbit/s Switching matrix chip HDLC Controller V5.1Interface MicroController (QUICC) DLUPCMBusInterface (PCI) 48V / 60V

4096-kbit/s bus 0 Collision detection bus 0

Control bus 0 Control bus 1

V5.1 Port 0 2048 kbit/s

V5.1Interface

EPROM (Flash) Fig. 3.9

RAM

DLUPCMBusInterface (PCI)

4096-kbit/s bus 1 Collision detection bus 1

Block diagram of the SLMX module

The main components of the module are (Fig. 3.9): V5.1 interface The V5.1 interface consists of the line interface chip (ISDN Primary Rate Access Transceiver, IPAT) and the frame aligner chip (Advanced CMOS Frame Aligner, ACFA). Each V5.1 interface has one of each of these two chips.

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DLU-PCM interface (PCI) The DLU-PCM bus interface (PCI) represents the interface to the DLU-PCM system. From the system side (DLU) the SLMX obtains the normal DLU interfaces to the two PCM systems (4096-kbit/s buses and collision detection buses) of DLU side 0 and 1. Switching matrix chip A switching matrix chip on the SLMX is used to transfer the time slots between the V5.1 interface and the DLU. HDLC controller The HDLC controller controls the three communications channels, the interface to the IOP:DLUC (control bus) and the interface to the frame handler (collision bus). Microcontroller (QUICC) The SLMX contains a microcontroller (QUICC) with integrated interfaces for: HDLC with collision detection for the two Bd-DLU channels UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/ Transmitter = interface module) for the two asynchronous control bus interfaces to the two DLUs UART as V.24 test interface Memory The EWSD contains the modules firmware. The RAM (random access memory) is the modules working memory. Power supply for SLMX The SLMX requires no voltage supply by the voltage converter (DCC). The SLMX contains an on-board-DCC (+5 V).

3.2.4

Subscriber Line Module Internet, Feature programmable Modem, Type A (SLMI:FMA)


On the module SLMI:FMA POTS functions and data functions are implemented in accordance with the ITU-T G.Lite Standard. The main characteristics of module SLMI:FMA are: high-bit-rate access over the subscriber line permanent alternation between voice and data transmission rate (send) of 512 k/bit/s (upstream) transmission rate (receive) of up to 1.5 Mbit/s (downstream) ADSL-compatible plug-and-play solution permits greater range of loop to subscriber

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Ring/Tip 0

PCM BSLIC 0...3 BSLIC 4...7 BQAP 0 BQAP 1 BMuPP SICA SLMCP CN

Ring/Tip 7

B-MuSLIC

Flash SDRAM

DPRAM

PLD for FS -48V/-60V Power Supply +1,8V +3,3V ADSL.LiteDSP-Block

Data Processor

ATM ATM25

ATM ATM25 SAR

Fig. 3.10

Block diagram of the SLMI:FMA module

The main components of the module are (Fig. 3.10): Broadband Multi channel Subscriber Line Interface Concept (B-MuSLIC) The block for the POTS functions comprises the Broadband Multi channel Subscriber Line Interface Concept (B-MuSLIC). The B-MuSLIC supports the full range of integrated line testing functions (ILTF). The B-MuSLIC supports all functions for analog modules (BORSCHT) with programmable transmission technology, charge pulse generation, feeding and integrated ringing generation. It consists of the following chips Advanced High Voltage B-SLIC, Broadband Quad Analog Front End for POTS (B-QAP), Broadband Multichannel Processor for POTS (B-MuPP) Subscriber Line Module Coordination Processor (SLMCP) The Subscriber Line Module Coordination Processor (SLMCP) controls the POTS function. The SLMCP also provides the control interface to the classical EWSD (LTG and CP) for data communications. The SLMCP software is derived from the tried and tested POTS software of the SLMA. In addition to controlling the analog connections, it includes the test functions of the SLMA including those of ILTF. Siemens programmable Interface Circuit for telecommunication Application (SICA) The SICA implements the interface to the control and 4096-kbit/s buses.

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ADSL.Lite-DSP-Block The ADSL.Lite data stream at the interface to the subscriber is transferred in four software-programmable Digital Signal Processors (DSP). Data Processor Central control of data transfer for eight ADSL.Lite channels and the ATM25 interface is undertaken via data processor with integrated SAR function (Segmentation And Reassembly) for ATM interfaces. Memory Communication between SLMCP and data processor uses a dual-port RAM (DPRAM). The synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) is used as the data and program memory in the SLMI:FMA. The flash EPROM (flash erasable programmable read-only memory) contains the modules firmware in compressed form. Power supply Two on-board DC converters generate the required logic voltages of +3.3 V and +1.8 V.

3.2.5

Subscriber Line Module Internet, Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line, Type A (SLMI:SDA)
The SLMI:SDA makes 12 more B channels available in addition to the standard ISDNBA access arrangement (2 B + D). Furthermore, it is possible to use any of these additional B channels for packet switching or circuit switching, as required. If transmission quality is of great importance for a particular application, a suitable connection can be provided by circuit-switching the 12 B channels; in other cases, the data stream is fed directly into the packet-switching network. The main characteristics of module SLMI:SDA are: simultaneous ISDN and data services compatible with the ISDN standard plug-and-play solution high bidirectional transmission capacity of up to 1048 kbit/s

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a0 MuBIC b0 a1 MuBIC b1 T D M / I O M Core Controller CPU SIU CPM ATM interface ATM25 ATM25

SDRAM a2 MuBIC b2 a3 MuBIC b3 B u f f e r 2,0 V 3,3 V 5,0 V DRAM EPLD FEPROM FSRAM

ASIC SCA2 CN, CD, PCM, CLK (DLU interface)

-48V/-60V

Power supply

Fig. 3.11

Block diagram of module SLMI:SDA

The main components of the module are (Fig. 3.11): SDSL transceiver MuBIC (multi-bitrate integrated circuit) The SDSL transceiver MuBIC with a configured transmission rate of 928 kbit/s is used for the transmission of data to the NT of the subscriber line. It contains an analog front end (AFE) and a digital signal processor (DSP) in a single package. The timing source for the MuBIC chips is a 20.48-MHz clock. The MuBIC chips on module SDSL:SDA are operated in slave mode, and so the TDM/IOM (time division multiplex/ISDN-oriented modular) interface receives timing signals from an external clock, which is synchronized with the incoming (upstream) and outgoing (downstream) clocks. Time division multiplex/ISDN-oriented modular interface (TDM/IOM) In the TDM/IOM, the ISDN channels are decoupled from the TDM interface and fed to the corresponding time slots of the IOM2 interface, and vice versa. The high-bit-rate user data are transmitted unchanged to the core controller. Core controller The core controller consists of three main functional units: CPU (PowerPC core) The CPU is the main processor for the rmware in the SLMI:SDA. Communications processor module (CPM) The CPM contains the serial communication channels.

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System interface unit (SIU) The SIU provides a variety of functions, e.g. control functions for system start, the clock and the processor bus.

SCA2 (SLM control ASIC) The SCA2 is an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). It provides the duplicated DLU interfaces. The SCA2 in the SLMI:SDA has the following functions: collision detection bus interface (CD) PCM highway interface CN interface clock interface with timing supervision and PLL synchronization of timing signals HDLC protocol termination for the Bd channels switching matrix function for 32 B channels SCA2-DRAM The SCA2-DRAM is needed to store data buffers (Bd and CN channels) and initialization data for the IC control functions. ATM interface The high-bit-rate data traffic passes through the duplicated ATM interfaces and onward to the packet hub, after which it bypasses the switching network and is forwarded directly to the Internet service provider (ISP). Memory The Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM) is used as the data and program storage for the SLMI:SDA. The flash Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (flash EPROM) contains the modules firmware in compressed form. The boot section is stored uncompressed. When the processor is initialized, the boot program unpacks the code and copies it to the SDRAM. The Fast Static Random Access Memory (FSRAM) is used primarily as storage for buffer data. Power supply Three on-board DC converters generate the required logic voltages of +5 V, +3.3 V and +2.0 V.

3.2.6

Subscriber Line Module Internet, Packet Hub, Type A (SLMI:PHA)


The packet hub provides the Internet access via IP over PPP (Internet Protocol over Point-to-Point-Protocol). The Internet traffic is passed into the ATM backbone directly. The main characteristics of the module are: forwarding of IP trafc without placing any additional load on the network node trafc concentration a high degree of exibility in adapting to the requirements of different network conditions

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- 48V/- 60V

DLU-Interface Clock, Speechbus, CD-Bus and Control Net

SLM-Interface ATM25

Power Supply

DLU0

DLU1 DLU-Interface

NetworkInterface E1/T1

ATM25-Interface

ATM MUX

0 1 2

IMA

PHUB Core Controller

PCM30 Framer 100BASET-Interface Framer E3/T3

0 1 2 3 100 BASE-T

CPU

CPM

SIU SRAM

FEPROM SDRAM

14

EEPROM

E3/T3

Fig. 3.12

Block diagram of the SLMI:PHA module

ATM25 interface The high-bit-rate subscriber line modules are connected via the ATM25 interface. ATM MUX The ATM MUX consists mainly of 3 high integrated devices. ATM Layer Processor polices the incoming (upstream) trafc on the basis of congured policing parameters collects the trafc statistical data for each connection transforms the Local Address Identier (LCI) into the external address scheme for cells transferred in downstream direction ATM Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OAM)-Processor handles the Loopback cells monitors up to 128 connections ATM Buffer Manager assigns connections up to 1024 queues Inverse Multiplexing ATM (IMA) The IMA (Inverse Multiplexing ATM) is method to combine several physical links to one logical ATM link. On the packet hub the IMA is used to support ATM traffic via the E1/T1 interfaces.

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Phub Core Controller The Core Controller basically consists of three functional units: CPU (PowerPC core) The CPU is the central processor for the Packet Hub rmware Communications Processor Module (CPM) The CPM contains the serial communications interface System Interface Unit (SIU) The SIU connects the above functional units to the external bus Memory An SDRAM is used for the CPU data memory and an SRAM for the CPM data memory. The packet-hub firmware is stored in a flash EPROM. The EEPROM contains modulespecific configuration data, for instance MAC addresses. 100Base-T interface The 100Base-T interface carries IP traffic via Ethernet to the data network. E3/T3 interface The E3/T3 interface routes IP traffic via ATM to the data network. Power supply Two on-board voltage converters generate the necessary +5 V and +3.3 V logic voltages.

3.2.7

Function Test Module for the Test Unit (FMTU)


Module FMTU is used for testing and monitoring the functions of the Subscriber Line Circuit (SLC) and the subscriber station. Module FMTU passes the connected line or circuit side on to module LCMM. Each test circuit or each signal is connected via this module to the item under test (subscriber line module). Modules FMTU and LCMM do not exchange any commands or messages with each other. The main functions of module FMTU are: connecting the TU to a subscriber line circuit feeding the subscriber line and loop indicator setting loops between a/b and loop current indicator sending and receiving ringing voltage sending and receiving meter pulses supervisory functions pulse measurement frequency measurement

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SLM a b Test relays on SLM Subscriber Line Circuit (SLC) SLMCP

Connecting relay

Line current indicator SLIC SICOFI 12/16 kHz Freq. measuring circuit Voltage measurement Line terminations

FMTU Peripheral Board Controller (PBC) 4096-kbit/s bus 0 4096-kbit/s bus 1

module-internal bus

FMTU processor

Control bus 0 Control bus 1

LCMM Fig. 3.13 Block diagram of the FMTU module

The main components of the module are (Fig. 3.13): Connecting relays The connecting relays allow the FMTU module to be connected to the test bus (either the internal or external part of the test object). Line current indicator The line current indicator determines whether the disconnected subscriber wishes to make a telephone call during the circuit test. SLIC, SICOFI and 12-/16-kHz generator The circuit comprising the SLIC, the SICOFI and the 12-/16 kHz generator is responsible for any necessary feeding during the subscriber line test, and it identifies loop closures. Frequency measuring circuit The frequency measuring circuit weights the amplitude and measures the frequency of the signals sent by the SLMA, meter pulses and ringing voltage.

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Voltage measurement The voltage measuring circuit measures the tip and ring voltages to ground and calculates the difference between the two. The FMTU processor determines the indicator information concerning the operating status of the subscriber line from this difference. Line termination With the line terminations the a-wire and b-wire can be bridged with different impedances (e.g. for loop resistance measurement). Peripheral Board Controller (PBC) The peripheral board controller (PBC) serves as an interface chip between the PCM bus, the SICOFI and the microprocessor. FMTU processor The FMTU processor controls the internal processes in the module.

3.2.8

Line and Circuit Measuring Module (LCMM)


The LCMM module is used to measure levels, voltages, capacitances and resistances. It is required for the subscriber line test (integrated test position) and for the circuit test. The line and transmission parameters are measured with the LCMM module. The main characteristics of module LCMM are: voltage and capacitance measurement measurement of loop, isolation and ground resistance level measurement on the analog/digital side with lter evaluation level sending to the analog/digital side variable line termination 2x300-ohm balanced line termination for measurement of rejection factor

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SLM a b Test relays on SLM Subscriber Line Circuit (SLC) SLMCP

Connecting relay

FMTU

LCMM A D A D Measuring equipment Voltage Current moduleinternal bus Control bus 0 Control bus 1 LCSP PBC 4096-kbit/s bus 0 4096-kbit/s bus 1

LCMP

Fig. 3.14

Block diagram of the LCMM module

The main components of module LCMM are (Fig. 3.14): Line and Circuit Processor (LCMP) The LCMP is connected to control buses 0 and 1 via a serial channel and the signaling interface. It controls the line and circuit signal processor (LCSP), the interface chip and the Peripheral Board Controller (PBC). Line and Circuit Signal Processor (LCSP) The Line and Circuit Signal processor (LCSP) handles the tasks of level transmission, level reception and line parameter measurement. To do this it has access via the PBC to the 4096-kbit/s bus and is connected to the analog side via an A/D converter and a D/A converter.

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3.2.9

Metallic Test Access A (MTAA)


The metallic test access A (MTAA) allows test connections to be set up both from external test equipment and from the subscriber terminal being tested. The main characteristics of the metallic test access A are: low-impedance feeding when idle (NTT mode) OGT mode with loop current monitoring forwarding of dual-tone multifrequency (DTMF) signals detection of error conditions high-impedance feeding under error conditions encoding/decoding of voice frequencies The metallic test access A is implemented by: the subscriber line module analog for metallic test access (MTAM) the loop test and bus access module for DLU (LTBAM) The main components of the subscriber line module for metallic test access MTAM are (Fig. 3.15):

a1 a2

COSLAC0

Voice transmission interface Power supply

CLK

-50 V

b1 b2

COSLAC1

SLMCP

EPROM

RAM

Fig. 3.15 COSLAC

Subscriber line module analog for metallic test access MTAM

The main function of the COSLAC (customer-optimized subscriber line audio processing circuit) is to convert analog subscriber signals into digital form (A/D). In the opposite direction, the COSLAC receives digitalized signals from the PCM30 links and converts them to the equivalent analog signals (D/A). Voice transmission interface The voice transmission interface supplies the digitalized voice signals from and to the COSLAC for forwarding to the PCM bus system. Processor for subscriber line module for DLU (SLMCP) The processor for subscriber line module for DLU (SLMCP) controls and monitors the internal processes in the module; for instance it communicates with the COSLAC and selects the clock for control of the module and for PCM communication.

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Memory The EPROM (erasable programmable read-only memory) contains the modules firmware in compressed form. The RAM (random access memory) is used as temporary working memory. Power supply The module is supplied with the required logic voltages of +12 V, -12 V, +5 V and -5 V.

3.2.10

Metallic Test Access B (MTAB)


One LTBAM module is used for each DLU in the MTAB variant. The external testing equipment is connected to the LTBAM module and, via the test matrix SLMA, to the analog subscriber line that is to be tested. Each DLU has two measurement interfaces. Two tests can thus be performed simultaneously on a DLU using external testing equipment. The subscriber line circuit which is to be tested is connected to the measurement interface by means of the test matrices provided for each circuit (four-wire connection to the shelf-internal test bus). The LTBAM module in turn connects this test bus to the measurement interface. In order to connect the subscriber line circuit, the control of the external testing system sends a command in a standard format to a special mediation PC via one of several serial data interfaces. This PC converts the connection command to an MML command and forwards it to the CP. The CP determines which of the two LTGs is to be used from the parameters specified in the command and passes on the connection request. The LTG then forms a setting command for the test matrixes of the subscriber line circuit and the LTBAM.

3.2.11

Ringing and Metering Voltage Generator (RGMG)


The Ringing and Metering voltage Generator (RGMG) generates the sinusoidal ringing and metering voltages required in the DLU for analog subscribers, as well as a synchronizing signal for connecting the ringing tone if necessary. Various frequencies (16 2/3 Hz, 20 Hz or 25 Hz) must be set with the switches on the RGMG module for the ringing voltage and the ringing voltage magnitude (70 Volt or 90 Volt). The ringing and metering voltages are monitored for undervoltage conditions. If the monitoring circuit responds, the failure is indicated by the fact that the LED on the front panel of the module goes out and a relay with a relay contact drops out. The functions of the RGMG in conjunction with the other modules of the DLU are: generation of ringing voltage monitoring of ringing voltage generation of a synchronizing signal derived from the ringing voltage generation of metering voltage monitoring of metering voltage

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Forward converter

Alarm

Voltage monitor

Metering voltage

Voltage monitor

Synchronizing signal generator

Auxiliary voltage Synchronizing signal

Ringing voltage generator

Ringing voltage

Fig. 3.16

Block diagram of the RGMG module

The main components of module RGMG are (Fig. 3.16): Forward converter From the input voltage which is supplied, the forward converter generates the DC voltages required to generate the ringing and metering voltages. Metering voltage generator The metering voltage generator generates a sinusoidal metering AC voltage, the frequency of which must be set to different values (12 kHz or 16 kHz). Voltage monitor The voltage monitor monitors the ringing AC voltage and the metering voltage for undervoltage conditions and overload conditions. Ringing voltage generator The ringing voltage generator supplies a sinusoidal ringing AC voltage, the frequency of which must be set to different values. Synchronizing signal generator The synchronizing signal is generated prior to every zero crossing of the ringing AC voltage.

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3.3

Functional Units for Remote Operation


The functional units for remote operation include: Stand-alone service control (SASC) External alarm set (ALEX)

3.3.1

Stand-Alone Service Control (SASC)


The stand-alone service control module (SASC) handles signaling and speech paths from DLU to DLU (maximum of six DLUs in a Remote Control Unit, RCU) or users within a remote DLU. In addition, the SASC handles emergency operation for pushbutton users in the DLU. The SASC is assigned the code receiver function to enable DTMF dialing for pushbutton subscribers in DLU emergency service.

Inter-DLU interface 0 EMU LDIMX

Time Switch Unit (TSU)

DLU bus interface (CPI)

4096-kbit/s bus 0 4096-kbit/s bus 1 Control bus 0

Control bus 1 EMU LDIMX

HDLC

Control range

Fig. 3.17

Block diagram of the SASC module

The main components of module SASC are (Fig. 3.17): Inter-DLU interface In the SASC the line interface for each 4096 kbit/s bus is implemented with the ASIC chip ASIC:LDIMX (Local DLU interface multiplexer). This generates and monitors the line clock and the frame synchronization signal and contains the interface to the internal system buses. The ASIC:EMU (equalization memory unit) is required to synchronize the various clock systems. Time Switch Unit (TSU) The Time Switch Unit is implemented by means of a chip (TSU). During inter-DLU traffic the TSU assigns appropriate time slots on one of the two internal DLU 4096-kbit/s buses

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to the speech channels on the inter-DLU lines. Moreover, the TSU is needed to forward the assigned time slots on one of the internal DLU 4096-kbit/s buses to the Code Receiver Processor (CRP). DLU bus interface (CPI) The DLU bus interface is implemented by the Control and PCM Interface circuit (CPI). The CPI handles the following: Communication with the DLUC via the control buses Interfaces to the DIUD via the 4096-kbit/s buses (speech/data bus) Interfaces to the SASC Processor (SASCP) Supervision of clock and frame signals from the 4096-kbit/s SASC reset after start-up (initial start) Control range The control range of the SASC includes: Control Net Processor (CNP) The CNP communicates with the second processor (SASCP) via a dual port interface - i.e., a memory that is connected to two bus systems. SASC Processor (SASCP) The SASC Processor (SASCP) performs the central emergency functions. The initialization and load programs are contained in an EPROM while the database is located in a RAM. Code Receiver Processor (CRP) 8 code receiver functions are implemented on the SASC module for emergency operation for pushbutton subscribers. Messages are transferred between the CRP and SASCP by means of interrupts. HDLC controller The HDLC controllers extract and insert incoming and outgoing control information from the SASCP for the inter-DLU/DLU interface. They also perform the layer-2 functions (transport saving via HDLC). Two interface functions are implemented on each HDLC controller chip.

3.3.2

External Alarm Set (ALEX)


The ALEX module is employed in the remote DLU. The ALEX responds to alarms external to the switching system (e.g.: fire, unauthorized entry, temperature exceeding a given threshold, ...) and forwards the alarm information via the NetManager to the CP. The main functions of the module are: evaluating the status of external alarm equipment reporting changes of status to the DLUC testing the selection circuits by means of alarm simulation testing the alarm simulation circuit

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Supply voltage

Constant current source

Control section Port expansion ALEXCP Signal transmission Control bus 0 Control bus 1 Backplane

Interrogation circuit

Hardware test circuit

Failure test

Alarm 0

Alarmindicator 0

Watchdog

Voltage supervision

Peripheral reset signal PRS

Alarm 15

Alarmindicator 15

Recovery circuit

Fig. 3.18

Block diagram of the ALEX module

The main components of the ALEX module are (Fig. 3.18): Constant current source The constant current source generates a constant test current of about 20 mA for the alarm indicators. The constant current source is activated and deactivated by the controller via an optocoupler. Interrogation circuit The interrogation circuit detects whether test current is flowing over the alarm contacts or through the hardware test circuit and passes this information on to the controller. Hardware test circuit The hardware test circuit is activated by the controller and switches all inputs of the alarm indicators to GNDR (ground for constant current source). This unique state of all alarm indicators allows the hardware to be checked. Alarm indicators The controller addresses the alarm indicators in turn and connects the test current to each alarm contact in turn via the optocoupler. For protection against overvoltages at the alarm inputs, the alarm indicators are connected via diodes.

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Controller The main function of the controller is exchanging data with the two DLUCs. To guarantee this exchange of data the controller has further functions: executing an independent start-up after the ALEX is plugged in, after power is restored, after the watchdog expires or if polling from the two DLUCs does not occur cyclic interrogation of the switching status of the alarm contacts by scanning storage of the current switching status of all alarm contacts and comparison with previous switching states identifying hardware faults within the alarm handling circuits A microcomputer (ALEXCP) coordinates the functions of the external alarm set ALEX. It has the following tasks: determination, storage and evaluation of up to 16 alarm contacts data exchange with the two DLUCs (DLUC0 and DLUC1) testing its own rmware and aborting the data exchange with the DLUCs if a rmware error is identied testing its own hardware and reporting the results if a hardware fault is identied

3.4

Power Supply in the DLU


The power supply in the DLU is decentralized. Direct Current Converters (DCC) are used to feed power to the subscriber line modules (SLM) and other functional units in the DLU module frames.Tab. 3.1 Power supply SLM type DCCCR SLMA:... SLMA:FPB SLMA:FPS SLMD SLMI:FMA SLMI:PHA**) SLMI:SDA SLMX **) Voltage values +12 V, -12 V, +5 V, -5 V +12 V, -12 V, +5 V, +12 V, -12 V, -5 V, +51 V/+53 V, +5 V, -5 V, -97 V -67 V x x*) x x x x x DCCDC x DCCDD

*) if, for example, the SLMD is fed by the exchange battery **) require no DCC (supplied by an on-board DCC) Tab. 3.1 Direct current converters DCC

The direct current converters generate the DC voltages required by the SLMs from the exchange voltage 48 Volt/60 Volt. The system supply voltage is converted into electronics, ringing and feed voltage by means of DC converter systems. All output voltages are generated with metallic isola-

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tion. Only the feed voltage for SLMA is fed back with a diode inserted on the secondary side at the negative pole of the system voltage. With one DCC per half shelf, eight SLMs each with 8 subscribers can be supplied. This permits the failure width to be restricted to 64 subscribers. Because of the feedback diode, a short-circuit type load of the feed voltage for SLMA is only prevented via the input fuse, in which case 12.5 A can flow via the SLMA for 0.5 sec. with synchronous shortto-ground of all subscribers. Each half shelf in the module frame has its own power supply module for SLMA or SLMD. The direct current converter supplies the electronic voltages +5 V, 5 V and +12 V, 12 V. Additional voltages of 68 V and +53 V are provided for the SLMA with SLIC (SLMA:FPB), as well as a remote supply voltage of 97 V for the SLMD or SLMI:SDA. When the DLU is equipped with SLMAs, SLMDs or SLMIs a DCCCR, DCCDC or DCCDD is plugged in, depending on the application, and this supplies the entire half shelf. In principle the SLMI:FMA and the SLMI:SDA can be equipped at all module places of an SLMA resp. SLMD. In the case a half shelf is equipped with SLMA resp. SLMD which uses the DCCCR and a SLMI will be installed in this half shelf, the DCCCR has to be replaced with the DCCDC or the DCCDD. The subscriber line module, extended (SLMX) as well as SLMI:PHA (on-board-DCC) do not require a direct current converter since -48 V/-60 V is supplied directly to its own module.

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4 Safeguarding
Only small parts of the safeguarding software are implemented in the DLU itself. The most important parts of this software are implemented in LTG and CP. The main safeguarding functions of the LTG are error detection, fault treatment and recovery, i.e. initializing and reloading the DLU. The CP coordinates all the safeguarding tasks which the LTG is unable to handle (e.g. combined fault reports). The essential safeguarding functions are outlined below. Fig. 4.1 shows the DLU-specific safeguarding system and how it is distributed over the functional units. Hierarchy

Processors DLUCx LTGy with B function CP

Fig. 4.1

Units with DLU safeguarding functions

Error detection Errors are detected by various means: Plausibility checks Plausibility checks are performed throughout the system. Safeguarding processes provide their own protection with the aid of consistency checks (audits) and supervisory timers. When a process detects an error, it activates fault analysis for software errors and in doing so updates the error records Audits The task of audits is to monitor certain software areas of the LTG and DLU. Routine test and diagnosis DLU routine test (automatic) and diagnosis (operator input) tests hardware units and locates hardware faults. The purpose of diagnosis is to verify errors that were detected by the routine test. DLU diagnosis provides support in the following activities: testing the operability of a DLU before it is taken into service identifying faulty modules checking the operability of a DLU after module replacement The routine test and diagnosis detects hardware faults that cannot be detected during normal program execution.

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Fault treatment Fault treatment in LTG deals with fault reports from the LTG and DLU error detection programs. Fault treatment covers the entire system (CP, LTG, DLU, SLM). Its functions are to: evaluate error events select appropriate fault treatment action collect error symptoms keep error statistics Fault treatment evaluates errors by assigning them an error number. This number describes the error event and assigns it to a specific class of errors for which the same treatment applies. Errors are defined in relation to a configurable unit in DLU or LTG (DLU equipment, DLU module, DLU port, DIU in LTG). Fault treatment action includes: conguring the faulty unit releasing, blocking or allowing call processing activity for the unit concerned informing the CP of error-related action and the operating state of the unit before and after the fault executing recovery for the failed unit after repair or end of the fault condition measuring the duration of recovery ignoring the fault producing fault statistics Depending on the type of fault or the type of unit affected, fault treatment branches to: DLU fault analysis fault treatment for DLU units (e.g. SLM) CCS fault analysis software error treatment statistical error treatment line fault treatment Recovery Recovery actions have the aim of restoring units to an operable condition. Recovery for the DLU itself is started either in response to software errors or in connection with configuration. There are several degrees of recovery which differ in the extent to which they affect the system as a whole: Restart Resetting and initializing a specic process to dened starting conditions. This never affects more than one established call. New start Resetting all processes and restarting operation, without loss of any established calls. Initial start Resetting all processes and initializing the periphery. This involves releasing all established calls and, if necessary, reloading code and/or semipermanent data. For the SLMX only the recovery level initial start is provided. Recovery is not able to deal with hardware faults. Its only role in this connection is to reinitialize and load the database after a power failure.

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5 Technical Data
Connection capacity Subscriber lines (per rack) up to 952 analog subscriber lines up to 928 digital subscriber lines (ISDN-BA) max. 384 ADSL.Lite subscriber lines max. 192 SDSL subscriber lines max. 16 x 2 V5.1 interfaces (SLMX) in the extension frames

V5.1 interfaces

Multiplex highways Between local DLU and LTGB, LTGFB, LTGGB

2048-kbit/s or 1544-kbit/s primary digital carriers (PDC)*

Between local DLU and LTGMB, 2048-kbit/s PDC LTGNB Between local DLU and LTGFB, 4096-kbit/s multiplex highways LTGGB, LTGMB, LTGNB Between remote DLU and LTGB, 2048-kbit/s or 1544-kbit/s PDC* LTGFB, LTGGB, LTGMB, LTGNB * 1544-kbit/s-PDC only with PCM24 Transmission methods Transmission method on PDC

in accordance with CCITT Recommendations G.703, G. 704 (HDB3 protocol) Proprietary method

Transmission method on the 4096-kbit/s multiplex highways

Traffic-handling capacity (voice/data channels) With four 2048-kbit/s PDCs up to 100 erlang (120 voice/data channels) With two 2048-kbit/s PDCs (60 voice/data channels) up to 50 erlang Similar performance is achieved with four 1544-kbit/s PDCs (94 voice/data channels) and with two 1544-kbit/s PDC (46 voice/data channels) Voice/data buses (4096-kbit/s buses) between SLC and DIUD or DIU:LDID Number per DLU 2 x 4096-kbit/s buses Bit rate Number of channel pairs per 4096-kbit/s bus 4096 kbit/s per system 0, 1 64, <60 available for calls in normal mode

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Information Access

Digital Line Unit (DLU)

Number of channel pairs per DLU 128 (2x64), <120 available Bit rate per channel 64 kbit/s

Control buses between SLM and DLUC Number per DLU 2 control buses, in star topology Effective bit rate/ physical bit rate Clock signals 136 kbit/s/ 187,5 kbit/s 4096 kHz and 8 kHz (frame mark bit)

Internet Interfaces to the Data Transport Network 4 x E1/T1 2 Mbit/s (PCM30) or 1,5 Mbit/s (PCM24) for FR-traffic or ATM IMA E3/T3 34 Mbit/s or 45 Mbit/s for ATM-traffic Ethernet 100Base T 100 Mbit/s for IP-traffic Operating voltages +5 V/ 5 V, +12 V/ 12 V, +51 V/+53 V, 68 V...67 V, 97 V 48 V or 60 V

Battery voltage

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