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CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter includes the definition, overview and background of the problem. The statement of the problem, its significance to different aspects of the nursing career, hypothesis, conceptual model and paradigm and the definition of terms is also within this chapter. A. Background of the Study Health can be affected by attitudes: by what we believe. Our belief about our physical state of health directly affects what we can do and how we feel. Our inner beliefs influences our body, these cannot be separated. The study aims to identify individuals profiles as correlates to their perception of level of health. It focuses mainly on the views of certain individuals in relation to their health specifically their social, physical, intellectual, emotional, civil and spiritual status. In the Fourth Quarter of 2010 Social Weather Survey, fielded over November 2730, 2010, found that the proportion of families experiencing involuntary hunger at least once in the past three months up to 18.1%, or an estimated 3.4 million families. The latest Hunger rate is higher than 15.9% (est. 3.0 million families) in the previous quarter, but lower than the over 20% levels from December 2009 to June 2010. It is one point below the one-year average of 19.1%, but over 4 points above the 12-year average of 13.7%. (SWS SURVEY, 13 JANUARY 2011)

2 With these significant values and figures from a respected organization, we may state that the level of health of the Filipino people is slowly going down over the years.

INDICATOR Underemployment Rate Unemployment Rate

LATEST YEAR-AGO PREVIOUS 17.8% Apr 2010 8.0% Apr 2010 18.9% Apr 2009 7.5% Apr 2009 19.7% Jan 2010 7.3% Jan 2010

Source: National Statistical Coordination Board (2010) Statwatch http://www.nscb.gov.ph/stats/statwatch.htm

The table above shows the unemployment and underemployment rate in the Philippines for the previous years. This directly affects the level of perception of health of the people of the community because an employed individual has greater health benefits because they could afford them, compared to those who are unemployed who prioritizes basic needs rather than health needs.

3 B. Statement of the Problem This study will identify the level of perception of health of a certain individuals in relation with their gender, age, ethnicity, economic status and education. With the listed profile background, the researchers expect the study to answer the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the respondents is terms of: 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 2. Gender Age Ethnicity

What is the level of perception of health of the respondents in terms of the following aspects?

2.1. Physical 2.2. Social 2.3. Intellectual 2.4. Emotional 2.5. Spiritual

3.

Is there significant relationship between demographic profile and level of perception of health?

4 G. Method of Data Analysis

Method of Data Analysis After recording and tabulation of data, the following methods of data analysis will be employed using the Statement of the Problem as pattern: To answer Statement of the Problem __1__, frequency and percentage distribution will be used: Problem 1: What is the profile of the respondent in terms of? 1.1 Gender 1.2 Age 1.3 Ethnicity Formula: Where:
f = n N x 100

f n

= Percentage = Frequency of given variables (gender, age, civil status, occupation, year BSN degrees completed, unit earned, program status) N = Total number of respondents

5 To answer Statement of the Problem __2_, weighted mean will be used: Problem 2: What is the level of perception of health of the respondents in terms of the following aspects? 2.1. Physical 2.2. Social 2.3. Intellectual 2.4. Emotional 2.5. Spiritual
f (7) + f (6) + f (5) + f ( 4) + f (3) + f ( 2) + f (1) n

Formula: Where:

M = Weighted mean (summation of the weighted frequencies) f = Frequency n = Total number of respondents The following ranges with their corresponding verbal interpretation will be as follows: Range 5.25 6.00 4.40 5.24 3.55 4.39 2.70 3.54 1.85 2.69 1.00 1.84 Numerical Equivalent 6 5 4 3 2 1 Qualitative Interpretation Strongly Satisfied Moderately Satisfied Slightly Satisfied Slightly Dissatisfied Moderately Dissatisfied Strongly Dissatisfied

6 To answer Statement of the Problem __3__, product moment correlation coefficient or Pearsons r will be used: Problem 3: Is there significant relationship between demographic profile and level of perception of health. Formula: r= N XY ( X) ( Y)_________ [ N X 2- ( X)2] Where: N = the number of cases X = the first group Y = the second group r value + 1.00 + 0.81 - + + 0.61 - + + 0.41 - + + 0.21 - + + 0.01 - + + 0.0 Descriptive meaning Perfect positive or Negative correlation Very High Positive or Negative Correlation Substantial Positive or Negative Correlation Moderately Positive or Negative Correlation Low positive or Negative Correlation Negligible Correlation No Correlation [ N Y 2 - ( Y)2]

0.99 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20

C.

Significance of the Study What is the value of your study. Who will benefit from this. Text text text text

text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text Nursing Service. Text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text

7 Nursing Education. Text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text Nursing Research. Text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text Clients/Patients. Text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text Others. Text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text

8 D. Hypothesis H01: There is no significant relationship between gender and the level of perception of health among residents of Barangay Barangka, Marikina City. H02: There is no significant relationship between age and the level of perception of health among residents of Barangay Barangka, Marikina City. H03: There is no significant relationship between ethnicity and the level of perception of health among residents of Barangay Barangka, Marikina City. H04: There is no significant relationship between economic status and the level of perception of health among residents of Barangay Barangka, Marikina City. H05: There is no significant relationship between education and the level of perception of health among residents of Barangay Barangka, Marikina City.

9 E. Conceptual Model

RELIGION

GENDER

ECONOMIC STATUS

HEALTH
AGE
EDUCATION

ETHNICITY

MARITAL STATUS

FIGURE 1: Conceptual model showing the relationship between the profile backgrounds of the individual to his health perception. Figure 1 shows that health perception of an individual is directly affected by his religion, economic status, education, marital or civil status, ethnicity, age and gender respectively. Health in the diagram is composed of social, physical, intellectual, emotional, and spiritual status of the individual.

10 F. Conceptual Paradigm Conceptual paradigm shows the relationships of the variables used in the study.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE/S RELIGION ECONOMIC STATUS EDUCATION MARITAL STATUS ETHNICITY AGE GENDER

DEPENDENT VARIABLE/S SOCIAL STATUS PHYSICAL STATUS INTELLECTUAL STATUS EMOTIONAL STATUS SPRITUAL STATUS

Figure 2: Figure showing the relationship of the independent variable from the dependent variable Figure 2 shows the relationship of the profile background of the individual to his social, physical, intellectual, emotional and spiritual status or his level of perception towards health.

11 G. Scope and Limitation The study will be conducted to determine the number of individual having a distinct perception to the level of health as they were categorized into religion, cultural beliefs, gender, age brackets, economic and civil status and their level of education accordingly, and how these factors affect the individual especially in decision making in relation to health. Respondents of this study were considered as limitations because the researchers do not have basis whether the interviewee answers questions truthfully and seriously.

12 H. Definition of Terms Key terms in the title and statement of the problem should be defined. Term1. Text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text Term2. Text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text Term3. Text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text