15. Spermatogenesis begins in the: a. epididymis b. uterine horn c. rete testis d. seminiferous tubule 16.

Sertoli cells produce: a. mucus b. androgen-binding protein (ABP) c. testosterone d. FSH and LH 17. The site of oogenesis is the: a. ovary b. ovum c. fallopian tube d. uterus 18. In the first phase of the menstrual cycle: a. oogonia differentiate into primary oocytes b. about 20 secondary oocytes begin to enlarge c. the Graafian follicle ruptures d. the dominant follicle gobbles up all other oocytes 19. During ovulation all of the following occur EXCEPT: a. rupture of the Graafian follicle b. estrogen production is very low c. FSH and LH production is high d. formation of the corpus luteum 20. Optimal fertilization normally occurs in the: a. vagina b. uterus c. uterine horn d. ovary 21. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG): a. begins to be produced about 4 weeks post-fertilization b. is produced by the corpus luteum c. "rescues" and maintains the corpus luteum d. signals that a new menstrual cycle should begin 22. The placenta is fully developed by the _____ month if gestation: a. 1st b. 3rd

c. 5th d. 7th 23. The fluid-filled sac which provides a protective cushion and acts as a "waste pail" for the developing embryo is the: a. yolk sac b. chorion c. placenta d. amnion 24. High levels of _______ found in the mother's blood can be an indicator of neurologic or hepatic abnormalities in the developing fetus: a. hCG b. GnRH c. AFP d. relaxin

Reproductive system 1. Testosterone is secreted by: a. Sertoli cells b. interstitial cells c. spermatozoa d. all of the above 1b

2. The most important hormone in initiating and maintaining lactation is: a. estrogen b. FSH c. prolactin d. none of the above 2c

3. One primary oocyte will give only one mature ovum after going through all phases of gametogenesis whereas the number of spermatozoa resulting from one spermatocyte is: a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 8 3d 4. The white scar tissue in the ovary representing a former site of an ovarian follicle is called: a. corpus hemorrhagicum b. corpus luteum c. corpus albicans d. corpuscle 4c

5. When the fertilized ovum develops into a solid, spherical mass, it is called: a. zygote b. morula c. blastocyte d. trophoblast 5b

6. During the early portion of pregnancy, the corpus luteum secretes: a. progesterone b. HCG c. prolactin d. testosterone e. none of the above 6a

1. The average number of sperm cells in one ejaculation is 200 000 000 200 000 20 000 2. The term "retrograde ejaculation" refers to Delayed ejaculation Ejaculation before puberty Ejaculation into the bladder 3. The term "phimosis" refers to A non-retractable foreskin An urethral opening below the glans An abnormally long foreskin 4. Which of the following sexual responses are not analogous? Secretions from Cowper's glands - secretions from Batholin's glands Erection of the penis - lubrication of the vagina Loss of erection - retraction of clitoris under its hood

5. A man who is castrated after the age of 30 loses his fertility develops a high-pitched voice loses his hair 6. The genital ducts are a system of ducts through which the vagina is lubricated a system of ducts through which sperm cells are transported for eventual ejaculation a system of ducts through which some women ejaculate 7. Testosterone is produced by The adrenal glands The testicles The bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands 8. The entire process of sperm production takes 8 days 16 days 64 days 9. An ovulation occurs about 1 day before the next menstruation 1 week before the next menstruation 2 weeks before the next menstration 10. Which of the following organs are not homologous? Ovaries - testicles Clitoris - prostate Labia minora (minor lips) - scrotum 11. The epididymides are Tightly coiled tubes inside the testicle Collection tubes protruding from each side of the uterus Collection tubes lying on the surface of the testicle

12. Which of the following are basic aspects of human sexuality? Gender Libido Sexual Orientation 13. The letter "G" in the expression "G-spot" stands for De Graaf Grfenberg Gonorrhea 14. A women reaches her menopause usually at the age of 40 50 60 15. The fertilization of an egg cell usually occurs in The lower part of the uterus The Graafian follicle The upper part of a Fallopian tube 16. The term "endometrium" refers to The space between the vulva and the anus The lining of the vaginal walls The lining of the uterus 17. Sperm cells are produced in The prostate The seminal vesicles The testicles 18. During puberty, the female body changes occur in the following sequence: Enlargement of breasts, growth of pubic hair, first menstruation First menstruation, enlargement of breasts, growth of pubic hair Growth of pubic hair, first menstruation, enlargement of breasts

19. During puberty, the male body changes occur in the following sequence: Growth of pubic hair, first ejaculation, growth of testicles First ejaculation, growth of testicles, growth of pubic hair Growth of testicles, growth of pubic hair, first ejaculation. 20. Older men Are more likely to have multiple orgasms Gain more control over the timing of orgasm Need more time to obtain an erection 21. Older women Experience vaginal lubrication more quickly Experience less intense contractions during orgasm Lose their ability to reach orgasm 22. In determining a person's sex, one has to consider at least 3 different factors 5 different factors 7 different factors 23. In adults, the average lengh of an erect penis is: 3-4 inches (7-10 cm) 5-7 inches (13-18 cm) 10-15 inches (25-38 cm) 24. Which of the following is not a factor in determining a person's sex? Chromosomal sex Adrenal sex Orgasmic sex 25. The pituitary gland is located near the kidneys near the base of the brain near the pubic bone.

1 The following statements are comparisons of male and female reproduction; choose the statement that is incorrect. A) the reproductive organs of both sexes are homologous B) both sexes have reproductive capabilities throughout adulthood C) both systems experience latent development D) both systems have gonads that produce gametes and sex hormones 2 What reproductive organ(s) of the female secretes fluid for vaginal lubrication during coitus? A) uterine tubes B) labia majora C) vestibular glands D) pudendal cleft 3 When do the oogonia begin meiosis in the female? A) at puberty B) monthly during menstruation C) at age 20 D) toward the end of gestation of the female fetus 4 Ovulation is triggered by _______________. A) follicle-stimulating hormone B) a mid-cycle surge of luteinizing hormone C) hormones from the follicular cells D) hormones from the theca interna 5 When the secondary oocyte is released from the ovary, it is surrounded by ____________________. A) corpus luteum B) zona pellucida C) corona radiata D) polar bodies E) All of the above.

F) "A" and "C" only G) "B" and "C" only 6 The following statements concern the uterine tubes. Choose the statement that is true. The infundibulum is not actually attached to the ovary and can allow A) pathogens to enter the abdominal cavity. The fimbriae do not beat in a wave-like fashion but instead are B) stationary. The outer serous layer of the uterine tube is part of the parietal C) peritoneum. The internal mucosa that lines the lumen is made up of squamous D) epithelium. 7 The opening of the cervical canal into the vagina is called the ____________________. A) cervix B) cervical canal C) isthmus of the uterus D) uterine ostium 8 What portion of the uterus is shed during menstruation? A) perimetrium B) stratum functionale of the endometrium C) stratum basale of the endometrium D) myometrium 9 The __________________ is a subcutaneous pad of adipose tissue covering the symphysis pubis. A) perineum B) vulva C) mons pubis D) prepuce 1 In what part of the breast is milk stored before draining at the tip of the nipple? 0 A) areola B) mammary alveoli

C) lactiferous sinus D) mammary ducts 1 During the _________________ phase of menstruation, the lining of the uterus 1 rebuilds. A) menstrual B) proliferative C) secretory D) The lining of the uterus rebuilds continually. 1 Severe menstrual cramps accompany ________________. 2 A) amenorrhea B) menorrhagia C) dysmenorrhea D) metrorrhagia

1 How does the oocyte assure that only one sperm cell enters it during fertilization? A) An acrosomal reaction occurs. The corona radiata slows the progress of all but the strongest sperm B) cells. C) The zona pellucida becomes impenetrable after one sperm cell enters. The position of the oocyte in the uterine tube restricts access for most D) sperm. 2 What portion of the blastocyst actually becomes the developing embryo? A) the trophoblast B) the blastocyst cavity C) the chorion D) the embroblast 3 What cells of the implanted blastocyst secrete the hormone chorionic gonadotropin to maintain the pregnancy?

A) syncytiotrophoblasts B) cytotrophoblast C) embryoblast D) embryonic endoderm 4 The skeleton, muscles, blood, reproductive organs, dermis of the skin, and connective tissue arise from the __________________. A) endoderm B) mesoderm C) ectoderm D) trophoblast 5 Which extraembryonic membrane gives rise to the fetal umbilical arteries and vein? A) allantois B) chorion C) yolk sac D) amnion 6 The ________________ is the outermost extraembryonic membrane and contributes to the formation of the placenta. A) allantois B) chorion C) yolk sac D) amnion 7 Which of these is not a hormone secreted by the placenta? A) chorionic gonadotropin B) chorionic omatomammotropin C) progesterone D) All of these are secreted by the placenta. 8 During the third week of development, the _______________ that is the basis of the embryonic skeleton, appears. A) connecting stalk

B) limb bud C) notochord D) digital ray 9 What is the earliest embryonic time period during which female and male genitalia begin to appear? A) weeks 2-3 B) weeks 5-6 C) weeks 9-10 D) third trimester 1 During what stage of labor does the birth of the infant occur? 0 A) dilation stage B) expulsion stage C) placental stage D) The infant may be delivered during any of these stages. 1 During what postnatal period do degenerative changes associated with aging begin? 1 A) childhood B) adolescence C) adulthood D) senescence 1 A person who has inherited the gene for arched feet from both parents is said to be 2 ________________ for that trait. A) a carrier B) recessive C) homozygous D) heterozygous 1 Hemophilia is an example of a trait that is carried as a ____________________. 3 A) autosomal dominant

B) autosomal recessive C) sex-linked dominant D) sex-linked recessive 1 What type of fetal monitoring is used to determine diseases such as hemophilia, 4 thalassemia, and others? A) ultrasonography B) fetoscopy C) amniocentesis D) X-rays

MENSTRUAL CYCLE GnRF from the _____________ stimulates the pituitary to produce FSH and LH. _______________ stimulates growth and maturation of a follicle. As the follicle grows and matures, it secretes _____________ in increasing amounts. The rising levels of estrogen exert negative feedback on the pituitary to gradually lower the levels of FSH. The effect of _________on the mature follicle causes it to rupture, release the egg, and start to form a corpus luteum. After ovulation, LH stimulates the _______________ to secrete progesterone to prepare the uterus for implantation. The rising/high levels of the estrogen-progesterone combination in the blood exert a negative feedback effect on the hypothalamus and pituitary, causing levels of LH to decrease. As LH decreases, the corpus luteum starts to disintegrate. Unless an embryo has implanted, near the end of the post-ovulatory phase, without the stimulation of LH, the corpus luteum stops producing estrogen and progesterone. Thus the _________________ is no longer maintained and begins to deteriorate and is shed as menses. And then, the cycle repeats.

A. FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE B. CORPUS LUTEUM C. FUNCTIONAL LAYER OF ENDOMETRIUM

D. ESTROGEN E. HYPOTHALAMUS F. CORPUS LUTEUM