Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 14/2011

A bi-weekly newsletter supported by GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit)

03 July 2011
You can download back issues (2005 - 2011) of this newsletter at: http://german-practice-collection.org/en/links/newsletters/hesp-news-and-notes

Table of Contents: BOOKS ................................................................................ 4

The Barefoot Guide to Learning Practices in Organisations and Social Change ................... 4 The State of World's Midwifery 2011: Delivering Health, Saving Lives .................................. 4 Cancer Survival in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and Central America ..................................... 4 Help Wanted? Providing and Paying for Long-Term Care...................................................... 5 The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People: Building a Foundation for Better Understanding .............................................................................................................. 5 Maximizing the Impacts of Your Research: A Handbook for Social Scientists ....................... 5 Reporting for Change: A Handbook for Local Journalists in Crisis Areas .............................. 6

ONLINE PUBLICATIONS .................................................... 6

Global Health.............................................................................................................. 6
The Aidspan Guide to Round 11 Applications to the Global Fund Volume 1: Getting a Head Start ............................................................................................................................... 6 The Rise of Global Health in International Affairs ................................................................... 6 Global Health: What it has been so far, what it should be, and what it could become ........... 7 Scaling Up Global Health Interventions: A Proposed Framework for Success ...................... 7 Global Health Security: Closing the Gaps in Responding to Infectious Disease Emergencies ................................................................................................................................................. 7

HIV - AIDS - STI ......................................................................................................... 8

The Shang Ring Device for Adult Male Circumcision: A Proof of Concept Study in Kenya ... 8 Manual for early infant male circumcision under local anaesthesia........................................ 8 Utilization of HIV-related services from the private health sector: A multi-country analysis ... 8 Back to Basics: HIV/AIDS Advocacy as a Model for Catalyzing Change ............................... 9 Towards a cure for all: How we might do it ............................................................................. 9 Prevention and treatment of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men and transgender people ........................................................................... 9 Community-based intervention to increase HIV testing and case detection in people aged 16-32 years in Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Thailand .............................................................. 10 An Epidemic in Evolution: The Need for New Models of HIV Care in the Chronic Disease Era ......................................................................................................................................... 10 Acceptability of pre-exposure prophylaxis as an HIV prevention strategy: barriers and facilitators to pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake among at-risk Peruvian populations ........... 10 Pre-exposure Prophylaxis State of the Science: Empirical Analogies for Research and Implementation...................................................................................................................... 11

Sexual & Reproductive Health .................................................................................. 11

What can men do to support reproductive choice?............................................................... 11 Contraceptive Discontinuation and Unintended Pregnancy: An Imperfect Relationship ...... 11 Evaluation of a Reproductive Health Awareness Program for Adolescence in Urban Tanzania - A Quasi-experimental Pre-test Post-test Research ............................................ 12

Maternal & Child Health............................................................................................ 12

How to Mobilize Communities for Improved Maternal and Newborn Health ........................ 12 Global challenges of implementing human papillomavirus vaccines .................................... 12

HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 1

High Incidence of Guillain-Barr Syndrome in Children, Bangladesh .................................. 13 Pocket Book of Obstetric, Neonatal and Paediatric Emergencies Including Major Trauma . 13 2011 UNICEF Humanitarian Action for Children: Building Resilience .................................. 13

Malaria ..................................................................................................................... 13
Staying the Course? Malaria Research and Development in a Time of Economic Uncertainty ............................................................................................................................ 13 Responding to the evidence for the management of severe malaria ................................... 14 Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Endemicity in Indonesia in 2010 ........................................ 14 After 40 years, RTS,S nears the finish line ........................................................................... 14 Consequences of HIV infection on malaria and therapeutic implications: a systematic review ............................................................................................................................................... 15

Tuberculosis ............................................................................................................. 15
High prevalence of subclinical tuberculosis in HIV-1-infected persons without advanced immunodeficiency: implications for TB screening ................................................................. 15 Approaches to Prevention and Management of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively DrugResistant Tuberculosis .......................................................................................................... 15

Other Infectious Diseases......................................................................................... 16

Number of Years of Annual Mass Treatment with Azithromycin Needed to Control Trachoma in Hyper-endemic Communities in Tanzania ....................................................... 16

Non-communicable Diseases ................................................................................... 16

A Prioritized Research Agenda for Prevention & Control of Noncommunicable Diseases .. 16 Taking up the Challenge of Non-Communicable Diseases in the Commonwealth: 17 Goodpractice Case Studies ........................................................................................................... 16 Why reinvent the wheel? Leveraging the lessons of HIV scale-up to confront noncommunicable diseases ........................................................................................................ 17

Essential Medicines .................................................................................................. 17

International Drug Price Indicator Guide ............................................................................... 17 The World Medicines Situation 2011 - Traditional Medicines: Global Situation, Issues and Challenges ............................................................................................................................ 18 Improving Access to Essential Medicines through Public-Private Partnerships ................... 18 Partners in Crime: National Theft of Global Fund Medicines................................................ 18

Social Protection....................................................................................................... 19
Strategies for coping with the costs of inpatient care: a mixed methods study of urban and rural poor in Vadodara District, Gujarat, India....................................................................... 19 Who pays for health care in Ghana?..................................................................................... 19 Case Studies on the Use of Alternative Models for the Distribution of Microinsurance in Colombia ............................................................................................................................... 19 Social Protection in the Philippines: Current State and Challenges ..................................... 20

Water, Sanitation & Hygiene..................................................................................... 20

The Human Right to Water and Sanitation - Training Materials ........................................... 20 Water safety in buildings ....................................................................................................... 20 Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality.................................................................................... 20 Sustainable Sanitation Practice - Planning Tools ................................................................. 21

Human Resources.................................................................................................... 21
Human resources for maternal, newborn and child health: from measurement and planning to performance for improved health outcomes...................................................................... 21

Health Systems & Research ..................................................................................... 22

Strengthening the research to policy and practice interface: exploring strategies used by research organisations working on sexual and reproductive health and HIV/AIDS ............. 22 How can disease control programs contribute to health systems strengthening in Sub Saharan Africa?..................................................................................................................... 22

Information & Communication Technology ............................................................... 22

Unpacking the share and engage mantra for researchers: the case of blogging ................. 22

Education ................................................................................................................. 23
HIV and AIDS in Teacher Education: Evaluation Report for a Pilot Project in South African Higher Education Institutions ................................................................................................ 23 Changing Patterns of Access to Education in Anglophone and Francophone Countries in Sub Saharan Africa: Is Education for All Pro-Poor? ............................................................. 23

Harm Reduction and Drug Use................................................................................. 23

World Drug Report 2011 ....................................................................................................... 23

HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 2

Public health and social justice: the time to stop criminalising Thai injecting drug users is now ........................................................................................................................................ 24 HIV Prevention among Injection Drug Users in Kenya and Tanzania: New Opportunities for Progress ................................................................................................................................ 24 Role of School Environment in Alcohol and Drug Abuse among Students .......................... 24

Development Assistance .......................................................................................... 25

Health systems strengthening: a common classification and framework for investment analysis.................................................................................................................................. 25 Capacity stripping: How the international community contributes to capacity problems in fragile states, and what to do about it ................................................................................... 25 Linking Research to Policy: The African Development Bank as Knowledge Broker ............ 25 The Tobin Tax: A Review of the Evidence ............................................................................ 26 Mobilizing Development: The UN Foundation and Vodafone Foundation Technology Partnership ............................................................................................................................ 26

Others ...................................................................................................................... 26
UNHCR Global Trends 2010................................................................................................. 26 Zero Hunger: Transforming evidence-based success into effective change ........................ 27

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES ............................................ 27

The Virtual Statistical System (VSS) ..................................................................................... 27 Community-Based Access to Injectable Contraceptives (CBA2I) Toolkit ............................. 27 Global Disability Rights Library ............................................................................................. 27 EpiNorth Journal Vol. 12, No. 1 (22 June 2011) ................................................................... 28 Bulletin of the World Health Organization ............................................................................. 28

INTERESTING WEB SITES .............................................. 28

From the Ground Up ............................................................................................................. 28 Funds for NGOs ................................................................................................................... 28

TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES............................................ 29
Health Systems and Services in International Comparison .................................................. 29

CONFERENCES................................................................ 29
South African AIDS Conference: Special Issue HATiP, Issue 178, 01 July 2011 ................ 29 6th Social Aspects of HIV and Aids Research Alliance (SAHARA) Conference 2011 ......... 29

CARTOON ......................................................................... 30 TIPS & TRICKS ................................................................. 30

Firefox 4/5 App Tabs ............................................................................................................. 30 Show Desktop in Windows 7................................................................................................. 30

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BOOKS
The Barefoot Guide to Learning Practices in Organisations and Social Change
Editors Arja Aarnoudse, Doug Reeler, Tracey Martin The Barefoot Guide Resource Centre, June 2011 223 pp. 28.1 MB(!): http://www.barefootguide.org/BFG_2/Barefoot_Guide_2_Learning_ Whole_Book.pdf This is a practical resource for leaders, facilitators and practitioners wanting to improve and enrich their learning processes. It is intended for individuals, organisations and for social change practice in the field. It includes topics as diverse as community mobilising and development, adult learning, funding, evaluation, facilitation, and creative writing. It is hoped that community leaders, field workers, NGO staff and donor agencies struggling to make their organisations more learning-oriented will find this book helpful, inspiring and thought-provoking. A Companion Booklet to the Barefoot Guide to Learning Practices in Organisations and Social Change Written by the Second Barefoot Collective, June 2011 42 pp. 1.8 MB:
http://www.barefootguide.org/BFG_2/Barefoot_Guide_2_Learning_Companion_Booklet.pdf

***

The State of World's Midwifery 2011: Delivering Health, Saving Lives

by Jim Campbell, Vincent Fauveau, Petra ten Hoope-Bender et al. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), June 2011 180 pp. 24.5 MB(!):
http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/resources/docs/main_report/en_SOWMR_Full.pdf

The report provides the first comprehensive analysis of midwifery services and issues in countries where the needs are greatest. It provides new information and data gathered from 58 countries in all regions of the world. Its analysis confirms that the world lacks some 350,000 skilled midwives - 112,000 in the neediest 38 countries surveyed - to fully meet the needs of women around the world. The report explores a range of issues related to building up this key health workforce. ***

Cancer Survival in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and Central America

Edited by R. Sankaranarayanan, R. Swaminathan, E. Lucas International Agency for Research on Cancer and World Health Organization, May 2011 312 pp. 24.6 MB(!): http://survcan.iarc.fr/survcan.pdf HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 4

The differences in cancer survival reported in populations observed between and within countries studied in this volume provide valuable insights for future planning and investment by governments in primary prevention activities, early detection initiatives and tertiary care to achieve meaningful cancer control. They should also prove a stimulus to those involved in cancer prevention and control to redouble their efforts to ensure that all cancer patients have the best possible chance to survive their own experience of this disease. ***

Help Wanted? Providing and Paying for Long-Term Care

by Francesca Colombo, Ana Llena-Nozal, Jrme Mercier, Frits Tjadens Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), May 2011 328 pp. 2.9 MB:
http://german-practice-collection.org/en/download-centre/doc_download/927

As life expectancy pushes into the late 70s for men and well into the 80s for women, ever more people want help in order to be able to live their lives to the full for as long as possible. This well-documented book provides a comparative analysis of the common challenges and diverse solutions OECD countries are adopting to respond to the growing demand for long-term care services, and particularly its implications for financing and labour markets. It provides much needed evidence to guide policy makers and ind ividuals. ***

The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People: Building a Foundation for Better Understanding
Committee on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Issues and Research Gaps and Opportunities, 2011 362 pp. 2.7 MB: http://download.nap.edu/cart/download.cgi?&record_id=13128&free=1 At a time when lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals - often referred to under the umbrella acronym LGBT - are becoming more visible in society and more socially acknowledged, clinicians and researchers are faced with incomplete information about their health status. The report examines the health status of these populations in three life stages: childhood and adolescence, early/middle adulthood, and later adulthood. ***

Maximizing the Impacts of Your Research: A Handbook for Social Scientists

London School of Economics (LSE) Public Policy Group, April 2011 298 pp. 2.4 MB: http://www2.lse.ac.uk/government/research/resgroups/LSEPublicPolicy/Docs/LS E_Impact_Handbook_April_2011.pdf The whole point of social science research is to achieve academic impact by advancing your discipline, and (where possible) by having some positive influence also on external audiences in business, government, the media or civil society. For the past year a HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 5

team of academics based at the London School of Economics, the University of Leeds and Imperial College have been working on a Research Impacts project aimed at developing precise methods for measuring and evaluating the impact of research in the public sphere. ***

Reporting for Change: A Handbook for Local Journalists in Crisis Areas

Institute for War & Peace Reporting, 2006 271 pp. 756 kB: http://iwpr.net/sites/default/files/iwpr_training_manual_english.pdf Reporters at the frontlines are at risk as never before. But with many countries moving towards democracy, the role of local journalists has never been more important. This book is a practical, hands-on manual to help local journalists contribute to positive change in societies undergoing major crises.

ONLINE PUBLICATIONS
Global Health The Aidspan Guide to Round 11 Applications to the Global Fund Volume 1: Getting a Head Start
by David Garmaise and Matthew Greenall Aidspan, 20 June 2011 66 pp. 724 kB: http://aidspan.org/documents/guides/aidspan-round-11-applying-guide-volume-1.pdf The publication contains detailed descriptions of what is new for Round 11 and the new eligibility and prioritisation criteria, and the new counterpart financing requirements. In addition, it provides an extensive list of technical resources that applicants can use to help develop the technical content of their proposals. It further provides guidance on how CCMs can manage the proposal development process, including the process of soliciting in-country submissions. Finally, it describes what initiatives the Global Fund will support and provides a list of documents that the Global Fund recommends applicants read before they prepare their application. ***

The Rise of Global Health in International Affairs

by Margaret Chan and Andrew Lansley Chatham House, 13 June 2011 17 pp. 78 kB: http://www.chathamhouse.org.uk/publications/papers/download//id/1083/file/19533_130611globalhealth.pdf This is a transcript of an event held at Chatham House on Monday 13 June. From crossgovernment strategies to summits at the United Nations, g lobal health now receives unprecedented attention. The speakers at this event discussed the implications for internaHESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 6

tional development, economic growth and health security. ***

Global Health: What it has been so far, what it should be, and what it could become
by Gorik Ooms, Rachel Hammonds, Kristof Decoster et al. Dep. of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp (ITM A), June 2011 68 pp. 2.0 MB: http://www.itg.be/itg/Uploads/Volksgezondheid/wpshsop/SHSOP% 20WP%202%20Ooms%20Global%20Health.pdf Using international political economy to explore what global health has been so far, using international human rights law to explore what global health should be and using global health diplomacy to explore what global health could become: this paper argues for a global social contract that would clarify mutual responsibilities beyond borders. ***

Scaling Up Global Health Interventions: A Proposed Framework for Success

by Gavin Yamey PLoS Med 8(6): e1001049 (June 28, 2011) 5 pp. 93 kB:
http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=295E7201FFD687D0429CC 61880908D0B.ambra02?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001049&representation=PDF

The rise in international aid to fund large-scale global health programs over the last decade has catalyzed interest in improving the science of scale-up. This Essay draws upon key themes in the emerging science of large-scale change in global health to propose a framework for explaining successful scale-up. This framework is aimed at planners of scale-up processes to use in thinking about strategies for implementing a new program, policy, or intervention to scale. ***

Global Health Security: Closing the Gaps in Responding to Infectious Disease Emergencies
by Jennifer B. Nuzzo and Gigi Kwik Gronvall Global Health Governance, Volume IV, Issue 2: Spring 2011 15 pp. 403 kB: http://www.ghgj.org/Nuzzo&Gronvall.pdf Rising concerns about the human, political, and economic costs of emerging infectious disease threats and deliberate epidemics have highlighted the important connection between global public health and security. This realization has led security communities, particularly in the U.S., to seek ways to bolster the international health response to pu blic health emergencies as a means of protecting national security. To read more about The Intersection of Health and Security see the Global Health HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 7

Governance Spring 2011 Special Issue at: http://www.ghgj.org/Volume%20IV%20Issue%202.htm

HIV - AIDS - STI The Shang Ring Device for Adult Male Circumcision: A Proof of Concept Study in Kenya
by Mark A. Barone, Frederick Ndede, Philip S. Li et al. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, Volume 57, Number 1, May 1, 2011 6 pp. 439 kB:
http://www.shangring.cn/downloadcenter/Reprint_MABarone_201105.pdf

The objective of this study was to assess safety, preliminary efficacy, and acceptability of the Shang Ring, a novel disposable device for adult male circumcision in Kenya. The authors conclude that acceptability of the Shang Ring among participants was excellent. With short procedure times, less surgical skill required, and the ease with which it can be used by non-physicians, the Shang Ring could facilitate rapid roll-out of male circumcision in sub-Saharan Africa. ***

Manual for early infant male circumcision under local anaesthesia

by Kim Eva Dickson, Julia Samuelson, Tigistu Adamu Ashengo et al. WHO and Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Gynecology and Obstetrics (Jhpiego), 2010 140 pp. 2.2 MB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241500753_eng.pdf This manual helps providers and programme managers deliver high-quality safe infant male circumcision services for the purposes of HIV prevention and other health benefits. The manual draws from experiences with service provision in Africa, the Eastern Mediterranean and developed countries and was reviewed by actual and potential providers of male circumcision services representing a range of health care and cultural settings where demand for male circumcision services is high. ***

Utilization of HIV-related services from the private health sector: A multicountry analysis
by Wenjuan Wang, Sara Sulzbach and Susna De Social Science & Medicine 72 (2011) 216e223 8 pp. 156 kB:
http://bulletin.hst.org.za//lt.php?id=K09XC1xUVgYCSlhXTwsEDw%3D%3D

Increasing the participation of the private health sector in the AIDS response could help to achieve universal access to comprehensive HIV prevention, treatment, care and su pport. Yet little is known about the extent to which the private health sector is delivering HIV-related services. The authors conclude that as the global AIDS response evolves from emergency relief to sustained country programs, broader consideration of the role HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 8

of the private for-profit health sector may be warranted. ***

Back to Basics: HIV/AIDS Advocacy as a Model for Catalyzing Change

by Ronnie Tepp, Jeff Callis, Terrell Halaska et al. HCM Strategists and FasterCures, 2011 32 pp. 3.3 MB: http://www.fastercures.org/documents/file/Back2BasicsFinal.pdf The report highlights how people affected by HIV rallied together and created an advocacy movement that demanded change and got results. The milestones of this movement include transforming the research system through patient-driven clinical trials, improving the regulatory paradigm through expanded and accelerated access mech anisms, and garnering political will needed to support federal investment in research and care. Ultimately, its most significant accomplishment was transforming HIV/AIDS from a death sentence to a chronic, manageable illness as long as access to medicines following diagnosis is assured. ***

Towards a cure for all: How we might do it

by Gus Cairns HIV Treatment Update, Issue 204: March 2011 Read online at:
http://www.aidsmap.com/Towards-a-cure-for-all-How-we-might-do-it/page/1839263/

In the second part of this two-part feature, the author investigates current research into finding a cure for HIV. ***

Prevention and treatment of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men and transgender people
Recommendations for a public health approach 2011 by Carlos F. Caceres, Antonio Gerbase, Ying-Ru Lo et al. Department of HIV/AIDS, WHO, Geneva, June 2011 88 pp. 745 kB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241501750_eng.pdf The Guidelines focus on the prevention and treatment of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender people. They include evidence-based recommendations, the summary and grading of evidence, implementation issues and key research gaps. Although the focus of this guidance is on low- and middle-income countries, WHO recommends that this guidance be available for MSM and transgender people in high-income countries as well. ***

HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 9

Community-based intervention to increase HIV testing and case detection in people aged 16-32 years in Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Thailand
by Michael Sweat, Stephen Morin, David Celentano et al. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol. 11, Issue 7, pp. 525-532, July 2011 8 pp. 145 kB:
http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laninf/PIIS147330991170060 3.pdf?id=40bade4753939e7f:-cc787c2:130b3d86188:-661308689866705

In developing countries, most people infected with HIV do not know their infection status. The authors aimed to assess whether HIV testing could be increased by comb ination of community mobilisation, mobile community-based voluntary counselling and testing (CBVCT), and support after testing. They conclude that CBVCT should be considered as a viable intervention to increase detection of HIV infection, especially in r egions with restricted access to clinic-based VCT and support services after testing. ***

An Epidemic in Evolution: The Need for New Models of HIV Care in the Chronic Disease Era
by Carolyn Chu and Peter A. Selwyn Journal of Urban Health - Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine; Published online 1 March 2011 11 pp. 231 kB: http://www.springerlink.com/content/ftk081p66j4247w5/fulltext.pdf Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, models of HIV care have needed to be invented or modified as the needs of patients and communities evolved. Over the past decade, factors including (1) an aging, long-surviving population; (2) multiple comorbidities; (3) polypharmacy; and (4) the need for chronic disease management have led to a need for further evolution of HIV care models. Although some HIV-dedicated treatment centers offer comprehensive medical services, other models of HIV care potentially exist and should be developed and evaluated. ***

Acceptability of pre-exposure prophylaxis as an HIV prevention strategy: barriers and facilitators to pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake among at-risk Peruvian populations
by J T Galea, J J Kinsler, X Salazar et al. International Journal of STD & AIDS 2011; 22: 256-262 7 pp. 137 kB: http://www.iusti.org/sti-information/Journals/pdf/ijsa-09-255.pdf Concerns about cost, efficacy, and side-effects are possible barriers to the acceptability of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in key at-risk groups in Peru. Focus group data supported these findings, and also revealed that potential sexual risk disinhibition, stigma and discrimination associated with PrEP use, and mistrust of health-care professionals were also concerns. These issues will require careful attention when planning for PrEP roll-out. *** HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 10

Pre-exposure Prophylaxis State of the Science: Empirical Analogies for Research and Implementation
by Sarit A. Golub, Don Operario & Pamina M. Gorbach Curr HIV/AIDS Rep (2010) 7:201-209; Published online: 1 September 2010 9 pp. 161 kB: http://www.springerlink.com/content/171414v3n8866483/fulltext.pdf Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has the potential to become a powerful biomedical approach to HIV prevention; however, its success depends on behavioural and social factors that may determine its appropriate use. This article is designed to facilitate interdisciplinary empirical analogies relevant to PrEP implementation, reviewing behavioural and social science findings that may provide lessons critical to the success of PrEP as a biomedical-behavioural prevention strategy.

Sexual & Reproductive Health What can men do to support reproductive choice?
Ipas, 2011 8 pp. 957 kB: http://www.ipas.org/cpt_icons/pdf.gif Men can - and should - act to support womens reproductive choice and access to reproductive health care as we work toward more gender-equitable relationships in our societies. This publication presents five actions men can take personally to advance womens reproductive health and rights and five actions health centers providing abo rtion care can take to support them. ***

Contraceptive Discontinuation and Unintended Pregnancy: An Imperfect Relationship

By Sin Curtis, Emily Evens and William Sambisa International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 37(2): 5866, June 2011 9 pp. 204 kB: http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3705811.pdf Data from Bangladesh, the Dominican Republic, Kazakhstan, Kenya, the Philippines and Zimbabwe indicate that contraceptive discontinuation rates ranged from 20% in Zimbabwe to 48% in Bangladesh and the Dominican Republic. In every country, with the exception of Kazakhstan, the top three reasons for discontinuation were the desire to get pregnant, contraceptive failure and side effects. The authors conclude that reducing unintended pregnancy will require identifying women who strongly want to avoid a pregnancy and finding ways to help them maintain contraceptive use. ***

HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 11

Evaluation of a Reproductive Health Awareness Program for Adolescence in Urban Tanzania - A Quasi-experimental Pre-test Post-test Research
by Frida Madeni, Shigeko Horiuchi and Mariko Iida Reproductive Health 2011, 8:21 (27 June 2011) 34 pp. 231 kB: http://www.reproductive-health-journal.com/content/pdf/1742-4755-8-21.pdf Adolescent pregnancy has been identified as one of the reasons for girls dropping out from school. This study's purpose was to evaluate a reproductive health awareness program for the improvement of reproductive health for adolescents in urban Tanzania. The reproductive health program improved the students' knowledge and practice about sexuality and decision-making after the program for both girls and boys. However, their attitudes about reproductive health were not likely to change based on the educational intervention as designed for this study.

Maternal & Child Health How to Mobilize Communities for Improved Maternal and Newborn Health
by Charlotte Storti, Sarla Chand, Joseph de Graft-Johnson et al. U.S. Agency for International Developments ACCESS Program, June 2009 94 pp. 2.3 MB: http://www.accesstohealth.org/toolres/pdfs/ACCESS_CMMNH.pdf The guide contains all of the essential instructions for carrying out a community mobilization initiative to improve the health of pregnant women and newborns. The guide is intended for individuals who will work with communities as they mobilize to improve maternal and newborn health, but will also be useful for anyone who seeks to better understand the steps and resources inherent in engaging communities to organize, explore, plan, act and evaluate collective action to achieve health and social change. ***

Global challenges of implementing human papillomavirus vaccines

by Janice E Graham and Amrita Mishra International Journal for Equity in Health 2011, 10:27 (30 June 2011) 52 pp. 234 kB: http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/pdf/1475-9276-10-27.pdf Despite the marketing of Human Papillomavirus vaccines as the solution to cervical cancer, the market authorization (licensing) of the vaccines has not translated into universal equitable access. Vaccine implementation for vulnerable girls and women faces multiple barriers that include high vaccine costs, inadequate delivery infrastructure, and lack of community engagement to generate awareness about cervical cancer and early screening tools. For Human Papillomavirus vaccines to work as a public health solution, the quality-assured delivery of cheaper vaccines must be integrated with strengthened capacity for community-based health education and screening.

HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 12

High Incidence of Guillain-Barr Syndrome in Children, Bangladesh

by Zhahirul Islam, Bart C. Jacobs, Mohammad B. Islam et al. Emerg Infect Dis. Vol. 17, Nr. 7 July 2011 2 pp. 146 kB: http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/17/7/pdfs/1317.pdf Bangladesh has achieved remarkable success in its drive to eliminate poliomyelitis; no case has been reported from that country since 2000. Still, the non-polio incidence rate of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in Bangladesh is 3.25 cases per 100,000 children <15 years of age. GuillainBarr syndrome (GBS), an acute polyradiculoneuropathy, is the most frequent cause of AFP. The authors hypothesized that most AFP cases in Bangladesh can be diagnosed as GBS. Their objective was to estimate the crude incidence rate of GBS among children <15 years of age in Bangladesh. ***

Pocket Book of Obstetric, Neonatal and Paediatric Emergencies Including Major Trauma
Editors Alison Gammon,Kate Grady, Assad Hafeez et al. Maternal & Childhealth Advocacy International and Advanced Life Support Group in collaboration with the Government of the Gambia and WHO the Gambia, June 2011 286 pp. 6.5 MB: http://www.mcai.org.uk/assets/content/documents/pocket-book_English.pdf This manual contains information, guidelines and suggestions about health care in virtually every emergency situation and setting imaginable. The advice is up to date and authoritative. It aims to be realistic, but at the same time does not compromise on standards. The authors believe that the health care professions around the world should be satisfied only with the best care for mothers and children. ***

2011 UNICEF Humanitarian Action for Children: Building Resilience

by Dermot Carty, Christine Knudsen, Marika Hofmeister et al. United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF), March 2011 84 pp. 1.5 MB: http://www.unicef.org/hac2011/files/HAC2011_EN_PDA_web.pdf The publication provides an overview of projected humanitarian needs for 2011 in 32 countries and territories, and 6 regions. This edition also examines how UNICEF, through its humanitarian action, aims to foster resilience at the individual, community and institutional levels.

Malaria Staying the Course? Malaria Research and Development in a Time of Economic Uncertainty
HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 13

by Mary Moran, Javier Guzman, Lisette Abela-Oversteegen et al. Roll Back Malaria Partnership, June 2011 98 pp. 2.7 MB: http://www.malariavaccine.org/files/RD-report-June2011.pdf According to this new report, malaria Research and Development is no longer grossly underfunded. Ground-shifting advances have moved the dial toward elimination and possibly eradication. In the coming years, the fruits of this unprecedented investment in malaria research and development could save hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of lives. But these gains are fragile. Without continued, modest increases in funding in the next few years, this progress could be reversed. ***

Responding to the evidence for the management of severe malaria

by Nathan P. Ford, Martin de Smet, Kavitha Kolappa et al. Tropical Medicine & International Health; First published online: 20 June 2011 2 pp. 38 kB:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02810.x/pdf

Replacing quinine with artesunate is a clear cut intervention that has the potential to save nearly 200,000 lives each year and the total annual cost of providing artesunate for treating all cases of severe malaria worldwide would likely be less than US$ 50 million. For African countries to make the switch, strong international support will be required to provide additional funds to support drug procurement and training costs and send a clear message to manufacturers that quality sources of artesunate are needed. ***

Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Endemicity in Indonesia in 2010

by Iqbal R. F. Elyazar, Peter W. Gething, Anand P. Patil et al. PLoS ONE 6(6): e21315 (29 June 2011) 13 pp. 2.4 MB:
http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=0E420223C3F7279052AAF A8D254A744D.ambra01?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0021315&representation=PDF

Malaria control programs require a detailed understanding of the contemporary spatial distribution of infection risk to efficiently allocate resources. The authors used model based geostatistics (MBG) techniques to generate a contemporary map of Plasmodium falciparum malaria risk in Indonesia in 2010. This P. falciparum endemicity map allows malaria control agencies and their partners to comprehensively assess the regionspecific prospects for reaching pre-elimination, monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of future strategies. ***

After 40 years, RTS,S nears the finish line

by Patrick Adams TropIKA.net, 27 June 2011 HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 14

Read online at: http://www.tropika.net/svc/review/Adams-20110627-Review-Malaria-rtss As it undergoes the final phase of testing, RTS,S/AS01, the worlds most clinicallyadvanced malaria vaccine, is generating excited talk about an imminent rollout. The WHO has indicated that if Phase III results confirm the level of safety and efficacy demonstrated in previous trials, a recommendation on the vaccine could be made by 2015. That would pave the way for governments in endemic countries - including the seven in which trials are underway - to decide on approval, adoption and implementation of the new tool. ***

Consequences of HIV infection on malaria and therapeutic implications: a systematic review

by Clara Flateau, Guillaume Le Loup, Gilles Pialoux The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol. 11, Issue 7, pp. 541-556, July 2011 16 pp. 167 kB: http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laninf/PIIS1473309911700317.pdf?id =40bade4753939e7f:-cc787c2:130b3d86188:-661308689866705 Despite recent changes in the epidemiology of HIV infection and malaria and major improvements in their control, these diseases remain two of the most important infectious diseases and global health priorities. As they have overlapping distribution in tropical areas, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, any of their clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic interactions might have important effects on patient care and public health policy.

Tuberculosis High prevalence of subclinical tuberculosis in HIV-1-infected persons without advanced immunodeficiency: implications for TB screening
by Tolu Oni, Rachael Burke, Relebohile Tsekela et al. Thorax Online First, published on May 31, 2011 5 pp. 150 kB:
http://thorax.bmj.com/content/early/2011/05/31/thx.2011.160168.full.pdf

This study found a high prevalence but good outcome (retained in care) of subclinical TB disease in HIV-1-infected persons. The results suggest that, in high HIV/TB endemic settings, a positive HIV-1 test should prompt TB screening by sputum culture irrespective of symptoms, particularly in those with a positive tuberculin skin test, longer history of HIV infection and low CD4 count. Operational difficulties in resource-constrained settings with respect to screening with TB culture highlight the need for rapid and affor dable point-of-care tests to identify persons with clinical and subclinical TB disease. ***

Approaches to Prevention and Management of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Sheela Shenoi, Anthony Moll, and Gerald Friedland From the Ground Up: Establishing a Framework for Success, 2010 HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 15

Read online at: http://ftguonline.org/ftgu-232/index.php/ftgu/article/view/1991/3978 Added to the rising burden of TB and HIV is the increasing recognition of the insidious and now growing epidemic of drug-resistant TB in many parts of the world. Although the large majority of TB cases worldwide are susceptible to available effective anti-TB therapy, drug-resistant TB has now emerged as a major and emergent threat worldwide. Effective short-term and longer-term solutions are critically needed to improve treatment completion and success and reduce the transmission of drug resistance to populations at risk.

Other Infectious Diseases Number of Years of Annual Mass Treatment with Azithromycin Needed to Control Trachoma in Hyper-endemic Communities in Tanzania
by Sheila K. West, Beatriz Munoz, Harran Mkocha et al. J Infect Dis. 204 (2): 268-273 (15 July 2011) 6 pp. 101 kB: http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/204/2/268.full.pdf+html The World Health Organization recommends mass treatment as part of a trachoma control strategy. However, scant empirical data from hyper-endemic communities exist on the number of rounds of treatment needed to reach a goal of <5% prevalence in children. The authors conclude that country programs in trachoma-endemic regions must realistically expect that several years of annual mass treatment may be necessary to eliminate trachoma.

Non-communicable Diseases A Prioritized Research Agenda for Prevention & Control of Noncommunicable Diseases
by Jean Bousquet, Fiona Bull, Philip James et al. World Health Organization, May 2011 56 pp. 974 kB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241564205_eng.pdf The main focus of the WHO Noncommunicable Diseases (NCD) Research Agenda is on the four major NCDs cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes and shared risk factors and determinants within and outside the health sector. The overall goal of the WHO NCD Research Agenda is to ensure that decisions and actions for addressing NCDs are grounded in evidence from research. ***

Taking up the Challenge of Non-Communicable Diseases in the Commonwealth: 17 Good-practice Case Studies
by Katy Cooper The Commonwealth Secretariat, 2011 HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 16

29 pp. 1.4 MB: http://allafrica.com/download/resource/main/main/idatcs/00021051:6 d85180aa005340871bf14fd1a42cc9e.pdf This new publication from the Commonwealth Secretariat illustrates the organisations continued engagement with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and associated risk factors, with case studies from Australia in the Pacific to Lesotho in Africa. ***

Why reinvent the wheel? Leveraging the lessons of HIV scale-up to confront non-communicable diseases
by Miriam Rabkin and Wafaa M. El-Sadr Global Public Health, Vol. 6, No. 3, April 2011, 247-256 10 pp. 167 kB:
http://www.ghdonline.org/uploads/Rabkin__El-Sadr_-_HIV_and_NCDs.pdf

The dramatic scale-up of HIV services in lower-income countries has led to the development of service delivery models reflecting the specific characteristics of HIV and its treatment as well as local contexts and cultures. Given the shared barriers and challenges faced by health programmes in lower-income countries, many of the implementation approaches developed for HIV programmes have the potential to contribute to the continuity care framework needed to address non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in resource-limited settings.

Essential Medicines International Drug Price Indicator Guide

2010 Edition Edited by Julie E. Frye Management Sciences for Health (MSH) and WHO, July 2011 333 pp. 1.5 MB: http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/pdf/DrugPriceGuide_2010_en.pdf The Guide provides a spectrum of prices from 26 sources, including pharmaceutical suppliers, international development organizations, and government agencies. The Guide assists supply officers to determine the probable cost of pharmaceutical products for their programs, allows users to compare current prices paid to prices available on the international market or assess the potential financial impact of changes to a medicines list, and helps to support rational medicine use education. The 2010 edition of the Guide includes 30 new items for a total of more than 1,100 items. ***

HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 17

The World Medicines Situation 2011 - Traditional Medicines: Global Situation, Issues and Challenges
3rd Edition by Molly Meri Robinson and Xiaorui Zhang World Health Organization, 2011 14 pp. 1.1 MB: http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/policy/world_medicines_situati on/WMS_ch18_wTraditionalMed.pdf Traditional medicines are used in every country in the world, and have been relied upon to support, promote, retain and regain human health for millennia. It is difficult to control quality and to ensure safety and efficacy in production of traditional medicines. Evaluation of quality, safety and efficacy based on research is needed to improve approaches to assessment of traditional medicines, a situation made difficult to remedy in light of historically inadequate public and private funding to address this growing concern. ***

Improving Access to Essential Medicines through Public-Private Partnerships

by Kyla Hayford, Lois Privor-Dumm and Orin Levine International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC), 2011 18 pp. 1.2 MB:
http://www.jhsph.edu/bin/c/o/Improving_Access_to_Essential_Medicines.pdf

Why is it that you can buy a Coke, a beer, chocolate bars or even mobile phone refill cards in a remote African village but in these same villages, you cannot consistently get basic lifesaving medicines? Although significant efforts have been made to improve access to essential health products (EHPs) in the last decade, many people are still suffering from preventable or treatable diseases in the region. This paper documents the poor availability of various EHPs in Africa and explores how to improve EHP distribution via collaborations with the private sector. ***

Partners in Crime: National Theft of Global Fund Medicines

By Roger Bate Africa Fighting Malaria Briefing Paper, April 2011 11 pp. 69 kB: http://www.aei.org/docLib/AFMBrief-NationalTheftofGFMeds.pdf Millions of dollars of donated antimalarial drugs have been stolen, most often by staff of recipient government medical stores; this strengthens criminal gangs and undermines donor intent. It is time for a thorough investigation of drug theft - to ensure that drugs are being used by those intended, rather than encouraging illegal parallel distribution systems. It is likely that the entire incentive system needs to change, so that donors only receive future taxpayer funds when they can show that the drugs they buy actually reach intended patients in developing nations, not just reach their governments medical stores. ***

HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 18

Social Protection Strategies for coping with the costs of inpatient care: a mixed methods study of urban and rural poor in Vadodara District, Gujarat, India
by Michael Kent Ranson, Rupal Jayaswal and Anne J Mills Health Policy Plan. (2011) First published online: June 7, 2011 13 pp. 543 kB: http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/06/07/heapol.cz r044.full.pdf+html In India, coping mechanisms for inpatient care costs have been explored in rural areas, but seldom among urbanites. This study aims to explore and compare mechanisms employed by the urban and rural poor for coping with inpatient expenditures, in order to help identify formal mechanisms and policies to provide improved social protection for health care. ***

Who pays for health care in Ghana?

by James Akazili, John Gyapong and Diane McIntyre International Journal for Equity in Health 2011, 10:26 (27 June 2011) 36 pp. 471 kB: http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/pdf/1475-9276-10-26.pdf Financial protection against the cost of unforeseen ill health has become a global concern. For Ghana to attain adequate financial risk protection and ultimately achieve universal coverage, it needs to extend pre-payment cover to all in the informal sector, possibly through funding their contributions entirely from tax, and address other issues affecting the expansion of the National Health Insurance. Furthermore, the pre-payment funding pool for health care needs to grow so budgetary allocation to the health sector can be enhanced. ***

Case Studies on the Use of Alternative Models for the Distribution of Microinsurance in Colombia
by Sandra Zuluaga Centre for Financial Regulation and Inclusion (Cenfri), June 2010 37 pp. 676 kB: http://cenfri.org/documents/microinsurance/2011/Colombian%20microinsurance% 20distribution%20case%20studies_website.pdf The purpose of the case studies presented in this document on alternative, innovative microinsurance distribution models in Colombia is to review the success and development of these models that have been developed during the last few years. This allows for the identification of success factors and obstacles and challenges to the distribution innovation process, contributing to a better understanding of how to make insurance products work for the low-income market. ***

HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 19

Social Protection in the Philippines: Current State and Challenges

by Aniceto C. Orbeta Jr. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, February 2011 49 pp. 324 kB: http://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/dps/pidsdps1102.pdf This paper reviews the current state of and challenges facing social protection in the Philippines. It describes the social protection institutions and the schemes that have been developed throughout the years. It also provides an assessment focusing on coverage, administration, and management. The paper then lists several reform themes for the countrys social protection system.

Water, Sanitation & Hygiene The Human Right to Water and Sanitation - Training Materials
by Anke Stock Women in Europe for a Common Future (WECF), 2011 20 pp. 2.0 MB: http://www.wsscc.org/sites/default/files/publications/wecf_rightsanit ationtraining_2011.pdf The Human Right to Water and Sanitation is still new and needs interpretation as well as implementation in order to come to life. This training material help to understand what are human rights, what is specific to the Human Right to Water and Sanitation, and what should be done to create awareness and advocate for it. For different countries different solutions are appropriate, but a certain common standard is essential as human rights are universal. ***

Water safety in buildings

Edited by David Cunliffe, Jamie Bartram, Emmanuel Briand et al. World Health Organization, March 2011 164 pp. 785 kB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241548106_eng.pdf Extensive experience shows that poor design and management of water systems in buildings can cause outbreaks of disease. The health risks are preventable and can be readily controlled. However, evidence from outbreak detection suggests that the overall trend is increasing. This document provides guidance for managing water supplies in buildings where people may drink water; use water for food preparation; wash, shower, swim or use water for other recreational activities. ***

Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality

Fourth Edition by B. Gordon, P. Callan C. Vickers et al. HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 20

World Health Organization, 2011 568 pp. 4.8 MB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241548151_eng.pdf Access to safe drinking-water is important as a health and development issue at national, regional and local levels. In some regions, it has been shown that investments in water supply and sanitation can yield a net economic benefit, as the reductions in adverse health effects and health-care costs outweigh the costs of undertaking the interventions. This edition of the Guidelines further develops concepts, approaches and information introduced in previous editions, including the comprehensive preventive risk management approach for ensuring drinking-water quality. ***

Sustainable Sanitation Practice - Planning Tools

Editors Elke Mllegger, Gnter Langergraber, Markus Lechner Sustainable Sanitation Practice, Issue 7, 4/2011 28 pp. 2.5 MB: http://www.wsscc.org/sites/default/files/publications/ecosanclub_sa nitationplanningtools_2011.pdf The provision of sanitation services is more than just technical solutions, but closely connected to the cultural and capacity of the society in which it is implemented. This paper presents key entry points for understanding the process of sanitation planning by highlighting options for how it should be done (procedural planning theory), who to involve (participation), and criteria for decision-making. By focusing on these key aspects of planning, the process can be adapted to meet the needs of the local context.

Human Resources Human resources for maternal, newborn and child health: from measurement and planning to performance for improved health outcomes
by Neeru Gupta, Blerta Maliqi, Adson Franca et al. Human Resources for Health 2011, 9:16 (24 June 2011) 36 pp. 518 kB: http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/pdf/1478-4491-9-16.pdf The authors reviewed the situation of human resources for health (HRH) in 68 low- and middle-income countries that together account for over 95% of all maternal and child deaths. The findings demonstrate availability of doctors, nurses and midwives is positively correlated with coverage of skilled birth attendance. But too few countries appropriately plan for, authorize and support nurses, midwives and community health workers to deliver essential maternal, newborn and child health-care interventions that could save lives. ***

HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 21

Health Systems & Research Strengthening the research to policy and practice interface: exploring strategies used by research organisations working on sexual and reproductive health and HIV/AIDS
Proceedings from a Conference, Liverpool, UK, 18-19 May, 2009 Health Research Policy and Systems, Volume 9 Suppl. 1 Read/download 15 articles at: http://www.health-policy-systems.com/supplements/9/S1 As part of the Sexual Health and HIV Evidence into Policy (SHHEP) project researchers and communications experts came together to share and analyse the strategies they used to influence policy. This publication is a supplement of the journal Health Research Policy and Systems, which provides examples of this work from Africa (South Africa, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya, Ghana) and Asia (Bangladesh and India). ***

How can disease control programs contribute to health systems strengthening in Sub Saharan Africa?
by Wim Van Damme, Marjan Pirard, Yibetal Assefa, Josefien Van Olmen Dep. of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp (ITM A), June 2011 46 pp. 1.1 MB: http://www.itg.be/itg/Uploads/Volksgezondheid/wpshsop/SHSOP%20WP%201% 20Van%20Damme%20DCP%20HSS.pdf Recently, there is a broad consensus in the global health community on the need for health systems strengthening (HSS) to make further progress towards the MDGs in subSaharan Africa. The authors set out to clarify Health Systems Strengthening for managers of Disease Control Programs (DCPs). They propose a health systems framework with 10 basic elements to look at national health systems, including DCPs. They focus in particular on service delivery, which is nowadays mostly pluralistic with blurred boundaries between public and private entities.

Information & Communication Technology Unpacking the share and engage mantra for researchers: the case of blogging
by Andrew Clappison Research to Action, 6 June 2011 Read online at: http://www.researchtoaction.org/unpacking-the-share-and-engage-mantra-forresearchers-the-case-of-blogging/ If you dont know it yet, or if you are not sure of its significance it is time you caught up web 2.0 has dramatically changed the way people use and interact with the internet and the wider world, if you thought you could hide from the perils of openness and transparHESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 22

ency you were wrong. The research community is not alone in underestimating and under utilising the web, but there is undoubtedly a new emerging mantra for researchers looking to improve their research and get it into use: share and engage.

Education HIV and AIDS in Teacher Education: Evaluation Report for a Pilot Project in South African Higher Education Institutions
by Gail Andrews, Managa Pillay, Helen Williams et al. Higher Education HIV and AIDS Programme (HEAIDS), January 2010 144 pp. 1.4 MB: http://hivaidsclearinghouse.unesco.org/search/resources/iiep_hiv_a nd_aids_in_teacher_education.pdf The report details an evaluation of the HIV and Teacher Education Pilot Project. The objective of the project was to ensure sector-wide engagement with the challenges posed by teaching and learning in an HIV/AIDS-affected and -infected society. It was also designed to provide the necessary support and resources for the development of educators who are equipped to deal effectively with the HIV/AIDS epidemic and its impact on their work environment and on their personal and community lives ***

Changing Patterns of Access to Education in Anglophone and Francophone Countries in Sub Saharan Africa: Is Education for All Pro-Poor?
by Keith M Lewin and Ricardo Sabates Consortium for Research on Educational Access, Transitions and Equity, January 2011 60 pp. 1.0 MB: http://www.create-rpc.org/pdf_documents/PTA52.pdf This paper explores patterns of growth in participation in six Anglophone and seven Francophone countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The results show that progress towards universal access to education has been patchy and sometimes disappointing. Access to education remains strongly associated with household wealth despite commitments to pro-poor policies and investment of resources. Though overall participation has often increased, the chances of the poorest being enrolled relative to the richest have generally not improved substantially and in some cases have deteriorated.

Harm Reduction and Drug Use World Drug Report 2011

by Sandeep Chawla, Justice Tettey, Jakub Gregor et al. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), June 2011 272 pp. 10.5 MB(!): http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-andanalysis/WDR2011/World_Drug_Report_2011_ebook.pdf HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 23

The World Drug Report documents developments in global drug markets and tries to explain the factors that drive them. Its analysis of trends and emerging challenges informs national and international drug and crime priorities and policies, and provides a solid foundation of evidence for counternarcotics interventions. ***

Public health and social justice: the time to stop criminalising Thai injecting drug users is now
by Jittima Jantanamalaka Key Correspondent Team (KC), Thailand, May 2011 Download Adobe PDF file (3 pp. 128 kB) The combination of the criminalisation of injection drug use and a lack of a coherent legal and policy framework on drugs, means that not only injecting drug users (IDUs) are at risk when they access services, but service providers are also at risk of being penalised for offering them. In Thailand, service providers have been arrested, jailed or blac klisted - confirming the gravity of the situation. Without harmonising war on drug policies and public health policies for IDUs, and investing in the protection of human rights and right to health for IDUs, nothing much can be achieved - in terms of HIV, drug use, hepatitis C or human rights. ***

HIV Prevention among Injection Drug Users in Kenya and Tanzania: New Opportunities for Progress
by Phillip Nieburg and Lisa Carty Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), April 2011 22 pp. 1.0 MB: http://csis.org/files/publication/110428_Nieburg_HIV_Web.pdf Numerous reports have documented the extraordinarily high risk of HIV spread through sharing of syringes among people who inject drugs and the medical, public health, and political difficulties of providing such people with effective HIV prevention and drug treatment. Effectively addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive mix of prevention, care, and treatment programs that is currently lacking in most of subSaharan Africa. ***

Role of School Environment in Alcohol and Drug Abuse among Students

Evidence from Public Secondary School Students in Nairobi National Campaign Against Drug Abuse (NACADA), Kenya February 2011 34 pp. 1.1 MB: http://www.nacada.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/role-of-schoolenvironment-in-students-alcohol-and-drug-abuse.pdf The goal of this study is to understand the effect of factors in the school environment associated with alcohol and drug abuse among students in schools in Nairobi. Findings showed that alcohol and drugs were mostly abused when students were on their way home, during weekends at school, during school outings, during school trips and during HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 24

dinner and school competitions. The findings also demonstrated quite clearly that friends, their homes, fellow students and kiosks or shops near schools were the major sources of alcohol and drugs used in schools.

Development Assistance Health systems strengthening: a common classification and framework for investment analysis
by George Shakarishvili, Mary Ann Lansang, Vinod Mitta et al. Health Policy Plan. (2011) 26 (4): 316-326 11 pp. 153 kB: http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/4/316.full.pdf+html Significant scale-up of donors investments in health systems strengthening (HSS), and the increased application of harmonization mechanisms for jointly channelling donor r esources in countries, necessitate the development of a common framework for tracking donors HSS expenditures. Such a framework would make it possible to comparatively analyse donors contributions to strengthening specific aspects of countries health systems in multi-donor-supported HSS environments. ***

Capacity stripping: How the international community contributes to capacity problems in fragile states, and what to do about it
by Dennis de Tray Results for Development Institute, May, 2008 (revised March, 2011) 23 pp. 361 kB: http://www.resultsfordevelopment.org/sites/resultsfordevelopment.org/files/resour ces/Working%20Paper%20-%20Dennis%20de%20Tray.pdf Donors talk a good capacity building game, but do they put their money where their mouths are? In this essay, the author argues that a combination of wrong incentives, wrong institutional models, wrong time frames, and wrong capacity problem puts donors in the capacity stripping business in the short term, and most egregiously in countries that can least afford it - post-conflict and fragile states. ***

Linking Research to Policy: The African Development Bank as Knowledge Broker

by Basil Jones African Development Bank, June 2011 37 pp. 472 kB: http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publication s/WORKING%20131%20Linking%20Research%20to%20Policy%20.pdf This paper highlights areas of bridging the gap between research and development policy and practice and discusses some pertinent issues and relevant role for the Bank as HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 25

a Knowledge Broker. In Africa, a wide gap exists between the producers and consumers of knowledge, and research could have a greater impact on development policy than it has had to date. ***

The Tobin Tax: A Review of the Evidence

by Neil McCulloch and Grazia Pacillo Institute of Development Studies, May 2011 79 pp. 376 kB: http://www.ids.ac.uk/download.cfm?file=rr68.pdf The debate about the Tobin Tax, and other financial transaction taxes (FTT), gives rise to strong views both for and against. Unfortunately, little of this debate is based on the now considerable body of evidence about the impact of such taxes. The authors conclude that, contrary to what is often assumed a Tobin Tax is feasible and, if appropriately designed, could make a significant contribution to revenue without causing major distortions. However, it would be unlikely to reduce market volatility and could even increase it. ***

Mobilizing Development: The UN Foundation and Vodafone Foundation Technology Partnership

by Mark Turner UN Foundation and Vodafone Foundation Technology Partnership, 2011 78 pp. 10.1 MB(!):
http://www.unfoundation.org/assets/pdf/mobilizing-development-report.pdf

As the partnership that invests in the use of mobile technologies to advance health and disaster relief programs marks the milestone of its five-year program, the report looks back at the accomplishments of this public-private alliance, highlighting both the achievements and lessons learned through on-the-ground stories and interviews with staff, grantees, partners and beneficiaries. The report explores the latest trends in this area and identifies shifts in public-private partnerships that will help improve humanitarian response, development aid and the health of millions of people around the world.

Others UNHCR Global Trends 2010

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), June 2011 48 pp. 2.9 MB: http://www.unhcr.org/4dfa11499.pdf The report demonstrates the continued relevance of forced displacement and statelessness issues to the international agenda. It depicts some of the major humanitarian trends which occurred during 2010 in relation to displacement, either within or beyond international borders. The report also reviews statistical trends and patterns for populations considered to be of concern to the UNHCR - refugees, returnees, stateless persons and internally displaced persons. HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 26

Zero Hunger: Transforming evidence-based success into effective change

Action Against Hunger (ACF) Briefing Paper, 2011 12 pp. 2.2 MB: http://www.actionagainsthunger.org.uk/fileadmin/contribution/0_acc ueil/pdf/Zero%20Hunger%20Overview.pdf This briefing pulls together evidence from secondary research in contexts which have had relative success in bringing down under-nutrition rates, with field based evidence from Niger, where under-nutrition is a persistent problem. Combined with analysis of the relevance and potential of the regional approach in the fight against hunger in West Africa, the briefing introduces six key success factors which have been instrumental in the fight against hunger worldwide.

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
The Virtual Statistical System (VSS)
https://www.virtualstatisticalsystem.org/about-vss/ The VSS is an online resource developed by the World Bank for national statistical offices, other data producing agencies, data users, including policy makers, academics, students, or anyone who wants to know more about official statistics. The VSS provides in-depth information on how effective statistical systems/organizations operate and the essential knowledge prerequisites of official statisticians working in these organizations. ***

Community-Based Access to Injectable Contraceptives (CBA2I) Toolkit

http://www.k4health.org/toolkits/cba2i The Community-Based Access to Injectable Contraceptives Toolkit is a platform for strengthening the capacity of agencies and organizations to plan, implement, evaluate, promote, and scale up community-based access to injectables (CBA2I) programs and to advocate for changes to national policy and service delivery guidelines. Mobilizing a range of providers to offer injectables, including Community Health Workers, can help family planning programs meet their long-term development goals. ***

Global Disability Rights Library

http://www.widernet.org/egranary/gdrl Human rights and disability rights advocates around the globe can now access a newly launched tool for finding the knowledge and toolkits they need: the Global Disability Rights Library (GDRL). A prototype test version of this library is being made available both on-line and off-line so that users can share feedback with the GDRL team on improving the library. ***

HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 27

EpiNorth Journal Vol. 12, No. 1 (22 June 2011)

Journal of the Network for Communicable Disease Control in Northern and Eastern Europe 28 pp. 1.7 MB: http://www.epinorth.org/dav/959c4b391d.pdf Editorial: Changes in EpiNorth and Eurosurveillance management Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza in the Republic of Belarus Incidence Dynamics of Measles and Rubella at the Eradication Stage in Arkhangelsk Oblast Epidemiological Investigation of an Influenza luster in a Pre-School Institution in Tashkent The Specialist Profile Series: Kre Mlbak ***

Bulletin of the World Health Organization

Volume 89, Number 7, July 2011, 469-544 http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/89/7/en/index.html In this issue: Bangladesh: Deep wells and diarrhoea; Brazil: Getting tough on drinking and driving; Brazil: Improving child nutrition; Sub-Saharan Africa: Treating severe malaria; Thailand: Child immunization and migrants; Global: Getting ready for a dengue vaccine; Global: Predicting global health; Global: Leprosy trends; Global: Severe HIV infection in children; Global: Round table discussion on defining pandemic influenza

INTERESTING WEB SITES

From the Ground Up
http://ftguonline.org/ftgu-232/index.php/ftgu/index This online publication represents a new platform for sharing the enormous wealth of information stemming from over 20 years of HIV/AIDS program implementation experience. By reversing the typical top-down flow of information, the voices of thousands of talented professionals on the front lines of the HIV/AIDS response can now be heard by all those who stand to benefit, regardless of their geographic location or position within the vast network of institutions and individuals that comprise the global HIV/AIDS community. ***

Funds for NGOs

http://www.fundsforngos.org/ fundsforngos.org is an online initiative, working for the sustainability of NGOs by increasing their access to donors, resources, and skills. It uses technology to spread knowledge and increase capacity.

HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 28

TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
Health Systems and Services in International Comparison
30th August - 2nd September, 2011 Schweizerisches Tropen- und Public Health-Institut (Swiss TPH) Basel, Switzerland Course Content: Stewardship/governance, health information and evidence for decisionmaking, organisation and provision of services, resource planning, allocation and decentralisation, financing and payment, human resources for health. Target Audience: Public health specialists, medical doctors, economists, epidemiologists, social scientists interested in health system and service planning and manag ement. Language: English; Fees: CHF 1,150 For more information contact: Kaspar Wyss Tel.: +41-61-284-8140 mailto:kaspar.wyss@unibas.ch or see:
http://www.public-health-edu.ch/moduldetail?cc=V305.10.11&zuteilung=basel&jahr=2011&lang=en

For more courses and conferences see also: http://www.going-international.at/index.php?lang=EN

CONFERENCES
South African AIDS Conference: Special Issue HATiP, Issue 178, 01 July 2011
by Theo Smart, HIV & AIDS Treatment in Practice (HATiP) 18 pp. 256 kB: http://german-practice-collection.org/en/download-centre/doc_download/928 The 5th South African AIDS Conference, held from 7-10 June, 2011 in Durban, showcased the recent remarkable achievements of the countrys HIV/AIDS response. Consequently, the conference was less concerned with groundbreaking clinical research, and more with the work of improving the care and health of the countrys millions living with and at risk of HIV. ***

6th Social Aspects of HIV and Aids Research Alliance (SAHARA) Conference 2011
28 November to 2 December 2011 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU) Port Elizabeth, South Africa Are we turning the tide on HIV/AIDS? - Social, Political and Economic Landscape of HIV Prevention and Response The SAHARA Conference differentiates itself from other conferences of its kind by going HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 29

beyond the biomedical paradigm to also include members of the community who are experiencing the challenges relating to HIV/AIDS with an emphasis on Sub-Saharan Africa. The SAHARA Conference allows for interaction between experts and people on the ground, allowing for an exchange of principles and findings to be communicated in an understandable manner. These finding are not merely communicated, but SAHARA ensures that there are outcomes which allow the research to be translated into action plans. For more information see: http://www.sahara.org.za/chairman-message/conference-chair-message

CARTOON

TIPS & TRICKS

Firefox 4/5 App Tabs
What is an App Tab, you ask? Well, it just so happens to be a new feature in version 4 and 5 (just released) of Mozilla Firefox! What it does is allow you to pin tabs you use frequently so they take up less space. Just right-click a tab and choose Pin as App Tab. Look at the tiny tab: This feature is handy for those that like to keep a web mail site open, but have a billion other places they need to be virtually. If you want to unpin, simply right-click the App Tab you created and choose Unpin Tab. ***

Show Desktop in Windows 7

There are all sorts of little tips and tricks on how to get your show desktop icon back in Windows 7, but the truth is that most of them are too complicated to explain here. And why do we need a show desktop icon proper when there is already one in the lower right-hand corner of your screen?

HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 30

See it?

If you click it, your desktop becomes visible; hold your mouse pointer over it and the open windows on your desktop will fade. Its just like the show desktop icon of the old days, only better! Best regards, Dieter Neuvians MD

HESP-News & Notes - 14/2011 - page 31