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Between-subejct factorial ANOVA

2009 Methodology A - Lecture 6

Outline
1. Review of Last Week 2. Todays Learning Objectives 3. Factorial Designs a. Main Effects b. Interactions 4. Between-subjects factorial ANOVA 5. Review of Learning Objectives 6. Vocabulary
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Review of Last Week


Experimental Design What types of variables suggest a within-subjects design? What are the advantages of a within-subjects design? What are the disadvantages of a within-subjects design? How do you minimise the disadvantages of a withinsubjects design? What are the different ways you can assign participants to conditions? How many different orders would you need to fully counterbalance 5 conditions? Within-subjects One-way ANOVA 7. Which columns of data are required to set up a withinsubjects one-way ANOVA? 8. Which assumptions should you test when conducting a withinsubjects one-way ANOVA? 9. If the assumption of sphericity is violated, what should you do? 10. Which numbers do you need to include when reporting the results of a within-subjects oneway ANOVA? Planned Comparisons 11. How are planned comparisons different from post-hoc analyses? 12. What is a trend analysis?

Todays Learning Objectives


1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Types of ANOVA
Number of Independent Variables
One IV More than one IV Factorial betweensubjects

Conditions per Subject

Factorial Design What is meant by factors must be orthogonal? How many factors are in a 2x3 design? How many groups are in a 2x2 design? What would you call a design with 2 factors that had 3 levels each? What is a main effect? What is an interaction? For a 2x2 design, be able to recognise all of the possible graphical representations of a main effect or interaction.

Between-subject factorial ANOVA

8. Which columns of data are required to set up a betweensubjects factorial ANOVA? 9. Which assumptions should you test when conducting a betweensubjects factorial ANOVA? 10. If the assumption of homogeneity of variance is violated, what should you do? 11. Which numbers do you need to include when reporting the results of a between-subjects factorial ANOVA? 12. What is mean by the main effect was
qualified by an interaction?

One

One-way betweensubjects

Mixed-design (split-plot)

Factorial Design
Factor 2: Shape
2 Levels: circle & square

All

One-way within-subject

Factorial within-subject

plus 1 or more continuous IVs = ANCOVA

Factorial IVs
2x2 Design

Factor 1: Colour
2 Levels: red & blue

Factors must be Orthogonal


pregnant

2!2 Factorial Design

2!4 Factorial Design

not pregnant female

male

2!2!2 Factorial Design

Main Effects and Interactions


100% 75% 50%

No Effects
women men

What are the effects of sex and age on mental rotation ability?

25% 0% younger older

Main Effect of Sex No Effects


100% 75% 50% 25% 0% younger older

Main Effect of Age No EffectsSex


100% 75% 50% 25% 0% younger older

Interaction between Sex and Age


100% 75% 50% 25% 0% younger older

women men

women men

women men

Interactions
100% 100% 75% 75% 50% 50%

ANOVA
1.Set up the data 2.Set up the ANOVA

Set Up the Data


DV Subject 1 Subject 2 Subject 3 Subject 4 Subject 5 Subject 6
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6

Factor 1
1 1 1 2 2 2

Factor 2
A B B A A B

25%

25%

0% younger 100% older

0% younger 100% older

3.Interpret the results 4.Write up the results

75%

75%

50%

50%

25%

25%

0% younger older

0% younger older

Set Up the Data


Score Subject 1 Subject 2 Subject 3 Subject 4 Subject 5 Subject 6
0.75 0.68 0.56 0.61 0.55 0.45

Set Up the Data

Set Up the ANOVA

Sex
male male male female female female

Age
younger older older younger younger older

Interpret the Results

Interpret the Results

Write Up the Results


Analysis revealed main effects of sex, F(1, 12) = 103, p < .001 and age, F(1, 12) = 5.94, p = .031.

Write Up the Results


Analysis revealed main effects of sex, F(1, 12) = 103, p < .001 and age, F(1, 12) = 5.94, p = .031.

Write Up the Results


These main effects were qualified by an interaction between sex and age, F(1, 12) = 5.01, p = .045.

Vocabulary
dependent variable factor factorial independent variable interaction main effect orthogonal qualified by

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