Feature Description HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network

Table of Contents

Table of Contents
Chapter 10 Power Control .......................................................................................................... 10-1 10.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 10-1 10.2 Glossary......................................................................................................................... 10-2 10.2.1 Terms .................................................................................................................. 10-2 10.2.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations .............................................................................. 10-2 10.3 Application ..................................................................................................................... 10-2 10.3.1 Availability ........................................................................................................... 10-2 10.3.2 Benefit ................................................................................................................. 10-2 10.3.3 Limitation and Restriction.................................................................................... 10-2 10.4 Technical Description .................................................................................................... 10-3 10.4.1 Open-Loop Power Control .................................................................................. 10-3 10.4.2 Inner-Loop Power Control ................................................................................... 10-4 10.4.3 Outer-Loop Power Control .................................................................................. 10-6 10.5 Interaction ...................................................................................................................... 10-7 10.6 Implementation .............................................................................................................. 10-7 10.6.1 Engineering Guideline......................................................................................... 10-7 10.6.2 Parameter............................................................................................................ 10-7 10.6.3 Example .............................................................................................................. 10-7 10.7 Reference Information ................................................................................................... 10-7

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Feature Description HUAWEI UMTS Radio Access Network

Chapter 10 Power Control

Chapter 10 Power Control

10.1 Introduction
The third-generation mobile communication systems are based on CDMA technique. In this radio network users share a common frequency. Therefore, interference control is crucial issue. Power control is especially important for the uplink direction, since a mobile station that is close to the NodeB and transmitting with excessive power can easily overshout mobiles that are at the cell edge or even block the whole cell. This is referred to as the near-far effect. The control mechanism to the control the uplink power is referred as uplink power control. In downlink the system capacity is directly determined by the required code power for each connection. Therefore it is essential to keep the transmission powers at a minimum level while ensuring adequate signal quality at the receiving end. The control mechanism to the control the downlink power is referred as downlink power control. In the WCDMA system, power control includes the following types: open-loop power control inner-loop power control (also called fast closed-loop power control) outer-loop power control in both uplink and downlink downlink power balancing and so on These types of power control are employed in uplink power control and downlink power control. As an example, Figure 10-1 illustrates the uplink power control.

Inner Loop Power Control SIR target

UE

SIR

NodeB

BLER FER/BER

RNC

TPC co mmand Outer Loop Power Control

Figure 10-1 Uplink Power Control By adjusting the powers, Power Control maintains the link quality in uplink and downlink, mitigates the near far effect by providing minimum required power level for

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each connection, provides protection against shadowing and fast fading, minimizes the interference in the network, and thus improves system capacity and quality.

10.2 Glossary
10.2.1 Terms
None

10.2.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations

BER BLER FER RSCP SHO SIR SRNC UE Bit error rate Block error rate Frame error rate Received Signal Code Power Soft HandOver Signal to interference ratio Serving Radio Network Controller User equipment

10.3 Application
10.3.1 Availability
This is a basic feature for Huawei UMTS RAN. This feature is available on BSC6800 V100R002 and later generic releases of the BSC6800 system.

10.3.2 Benefit
1) 2) 3) 4) Maintain the link quality in uplink and downlink by adjusting the powers; Mitigate the near far effect by providing minimum required power level for each connection; Provide protection against shadowing and fast fading; Minimize the interference in the network, thus improve capacity and quality.

10.3.3 Limitation and Restriction

None

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10.4 Technical Description

10.4.1 Open-Loop Power Control
I. Uplink Open-Loop Power Control
The uplink open-loop power control function is located both in the terminal and in the UTRAN. The uplink open-loop power control function requires some control parameters being broadcast in the cell and the received signal code power (RSCP) being measured by the terminal on the active P-CPICH. Based on the calculation for the open-loop power control, the terminal sets: the initial powers for the first PRACH preamble the initial powers for the uplink DPCCH before starting the inner-loop power control (See Figure 10-2) 1) During the random access procedure, the power of the first transmitted preamble is set by the UE as: Preamble_Initial_Power = Primary CPICH DL TX power -CPICH_RSCP + UL interference + Constant Value, where Primary CPICH DL TX power, UL interference and Constant Value are broadcasted in the System Information, and CPICH_RSCP is measured by UE. 2) When establishing the first DPCCH, the UE starts the uplink inner-loop PC at a power level according to: DPCCH_Initial_power = DPCCH_Power_offset - CPICH_RSCP, where the DPCCH_Power_offset is calculated in the RNC, and the CPICH_RSCP is measured by the terminal.
BCH : CPICH channel pow er UL interference level

RACH

Measure CPICH_RSCP Determine the initial transmitted power

Figure 10-2 Uplink Open-Loop Power Control

II. Downlink Open-Loop Power Control

In the downlink, the open-loop power control is used to set the initial power of the downlink channels based on the downlink measurement reports from the UE. This

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function is located in both UTRAN and UE (See Figure 10-3). A possible algorithm for calculating the initial power of the DPDCH when the first bearer service is set up is

Pinitial

P R Eb CPICH = ( ) DL PTotal W N0 Ec ( ) CPICH N0

Where R is the user bit rate, W is the chip rate, (Ec/N0)CPICH is reported by the UE, is the downlink orthogonality factor, and PTotal is the carrier power measured at the NodeB and reported to the RNC.

DCH

RACH reports the measured value

Measure CPICH Ec/N0 Determine the downlink initial pow er control

Figure 10-3 Downlink Open-Loop Power Control

10.4.2 Inner-Loop Power Control

The inner-loop power control, also referred to as fast closed-loop power control, relies on the feedback information at Layer 1 from the opposite end of the radio link. This allows the UE/NodeB to adjust its transmitted power based on the received SIR level at the NodeB/UE for compensating the fading of the radio channel. The inner-loop power control function in UMTS is used for the dedicated channels in both the uplink and downlink directions and for the CPCH in uplink. In WCDMA fast power control with 1.5 kHz frequency is supported.

I. Uplink Inner-Loop Power Control

The uplink inner-loop power control is used to set the power of the uplink DPCH. The RNC sends the target SIR to NodeB. The NodeB compares the SIR target with the estimated SIR calculated on the pilot symbol of the uplink DPCCH once every slot. If the estimated SIR is greater than the target SIR, the NodeB transmits a TPC command down to the UE on the downlink DPCCH. If the received SIR is below the target, a TPC command up is sent. The benefits of fast power control are showed in Figure 10-4.
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Figure 10-4 BLER vs. Eb/N0 for 12.2 kbps speech in multipath Case 1 channel

II. Downlink Inner-Loop Power Control

The downlink inner-loop power control sets the power of the downlink DPCH. The UE receives from higher layers the SIR target for the downlink outer-loop power control together with other control parameters. UE estimates the downlink SIR from the pilot symbols of the downlink DPCH. This SIR estimation is compared with a target SIR. If the estimation is greater than the target, the UE transmits the TPC command down to the NodeB, otherwise the UE transmits the TPC command up.

III. Downlink Power Balancing

When the UE is in SHO only one single TPC command is sent on the uplink to all cells participating in the SHO. Since it would introduce too much delay to combine all the received TPC commands in the RNC and send one combined command back, each cell detects the TPC command independently. Due to, for example, signaling errors in the air interface it is possible that each cell is interpreting this TPC command differently. As a consequence one cell lowers its transmission power to that mobile while the other cell might increase it, and therefore the downlink powers are drifting apart. Since power drifting degrades the performance in downlink, methods to combat this effect are need. The transmission code power levels of the connection from the cells in SHO are forwarded to the RNC after they have been averaged. From these measurements the RNC derives a reference power value, Pref, which is sent to the cells (See Figure 10-5). This is then used to periodically calculate a small power adjustment towards the reference value, which balances the link powers of the SHO connections and therefore reduces the power drifting.

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SRNC can receive information from the NodeB about the transmission power levels of the soft handover connections, and start downlink power balancing to reduce the amount of power drifting if necessary.

SRNC

NodeB

NodeB

UE

Figure 10-5 Downlink power balancing

10.4.3 Outer-Loop Power Control

The aim of the outer-loop power control algorithm is to maintain the quality of the communication at the level defined by the quality requirements of the bearer service in question. To achieve the quality, outer-loop power algorithm adjusts the target SIR for the inner-loop power control. This operation is done for each DCH belonging to the same RRC connection. The SIR target needs to be adjusted when the UE speed or the multipath propagation environment change. The higher the variation of the received power is, the more necessary it is to adjust the SIR target. If a fixed SIR target was selected, the resulting quality of the communication would be too low or too high, causing an unnecessary power rise in most situations. The uplink quality is observed after macrodiversity selection combining in the RNC, and the target SIR is provided to all cells participating in the SHO. During SHO the Iub and Iur DCH data streams coming from the different cells are combined in the SRNC into one data stream in uplink. In downlink the DCH data stream is split between the NodeBs. This combining and splitting in the RNC is performed by the Macro Diversity Combiner (MDC). The MDC in the RNC is based on the information received from the NodeB in FP frames, namely transport block-specific CRC results and possibly estimated quality information. Reliable SHO is based on the CFN information included in the Iub/Iur data streams. At the UE the MRC of the received signals is performed at symbol level (data and pilots).

I. Uplink Outer-Loop Power Control

The uplink outer-loop power control operates within the SRNC and is responsible for setting a target SIR in the NodeB for each individual uplink inner-loop power control. This target SIR is then updated on an individual basis for each UE according to the
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estimated uplink quality, e.g. BLER or BER, for that particular RRC connection. If the received BLER is greater than the BLER target, the SIR target is increased by a certain amount, otherwise it is lowered by a certain amount.

II. Downlink Outer-Loop Power Control

The downlink outer-loop power control function is implemented in the UE, and the target SIR for the downlink inner-loop PC is adjusted by the UE using a proprietary algorithm to approach the target quality (BLER) set by the RNC.

10.5 Interaction
None

10.6 Implementation
10.6.1 Engineering Guideline
None

10.6.2 Parameter
Constant Value: This parameter is for the calculation of Preamble_Initial_Power. It is the required C/I in uplink. Greater Constant Value produces greater interference, while smaller Constant Value results in lower access probability. The default value is -20. Initial SIR target: Initial SIR target is service dependent. Greater Initial SIR target produces greater interference, but if it is too small, a UE can not access. For example, the default value is 2dB for 12.2kbps speech.

10.6.3 Example

10.7 Reference Information

1) 2) 3) 4) 3GPP, 25.214 "Physical layer procedures (FDD)" 3GPP, 25.427 "UTRAN Iub/Iur interface user plane protocol for DCH data streams" Jaana Laiho, Achim Wacker and Tomas Novosad, Radio Network Planning and Optimisation for UMTS, John Wiley & Sons, LTD, 2002 3GPP, 25.331 "RRC Protocol Specification"

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