DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM

EMPLOYEE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (EIMS)

In todays world everything is being automated and driven by the technology, and those which are not yet automated to enjoy the advantages of technology are getting or already they are in the process of getting automated. Here is one of the classic problems of automation. There are many organisations which are providing support for many activities but are, managing its employees information and its other information manually which has been quite burdensome. In organisations having large number of employees, managing their data manually has been a big problem and error prone. Also updating and modifying the changing details of each and every employee was quite huge which was not feasible for a single person entrusted to do it on his own. The idea for developing a customized system, like EIMS, is to make a user friendly software for organisations who have been managing employee records manually.

STANDARD OPERARTING FUNCTIONS (SOF) The standard menu allows the user to operate the system with much ease and simplicity. Following is a list of the menu items and their description. The system supports four standard operating functions (SOF) used for managing data efficiently. These standard functions have been described below and may be used as and when required, singularly or in a combination, to perform specific tasks.

A comprehensive list of the SOFs has been given below 1. Searching a record 2. Adding a new record 3. Deleting a record 4. Modifying a record 5. Show all records 6. Delete all records 7. Count total no. of records in the file 8. Change password SEARCHING A RECORD: This is one of the most widely used functions. As the name suggests this function is simply used to fetch/find a particular record. The user may do so by using the main menu . Records can be searched by either entering the unique Employee ID or by Entering the name of the Employee.

ADDING A NEW RECORD

The system allows the user to add a new record. The process involves simple steps and can be executed using the main menu Screen. Users must be careful while adding new data/records as addition should not violate the integrity rules of the records in the file. User can simply select the option from the main menu and enter data for the new employee .After necessary information has been typed against their respective fields user has the choice to continue entering records for some new employees. This completes the addition process and the system shows a message confirming the acceptance of new data.

DELETING A RECORD

The system allows the user to delete data/records .The deletion process is a simple one and can be done following simple steps: The user has to select the delete record option from the main menu, enter the employee id of the record to be deleted and then press enter. The system will show a confirmation of deleting the record.

MODIFYING A RECORD

Modifying a record requires the user to be very careful since once modified the previous set of data/records are overwritten, thus rendering them irretrievable. Select the modify record option from the main menu, enter the employee id of the record to be modified and the enter the new modified data for the employee .The system will show a confirmation of modifying the record.

SHOW ALL RECORDS Choose show all records option from the main menu and then press enter to navigate through the records. When all records are finished the system will give a choice to either return to the main menu or exit . DELETE ALL RECORDS This choice of operation is dangerous as this will delete all the records present in the file. And once deleted the records cannot be brought back. Hence the user should be extremely careful while executing this operation. COUNT TOTAL NO. OF RECORDS This choice of option can be selected from the main menu and this will show the user the total number of records present in the file. The user can move to the main menu for further operations or can exit the system. CHANGE PASSWORD This choice of operation can be selected from the main menu . This will allow the user to change the password which is required to access EIMS. The user will have to first enter the old password and then the new password .The system will show a confirmation of changing the password and then the user can move to the main menu or exit from EIMS. The Employee Information Management System is developed keeping in mind that any type of user can access the system. Not only have this but additional features also been provided by the developers so as to make it user friendly as much as possible. Following are some features, which have been focused during development of EIMS: USABILITY The catch phrase user friendliness ha becomes ubiquitous in discussions of software products. If a program is not user friendly, it is often doomed to failure, even if the functions that it performs are valuable. Usability is an attempt to quantify user friendliness and can be measured in terms of four characteristics: 5

The physical and/or intellectual skill required to learn the system The time required to became moderately efficient in use of the system The net increase in productivity (over the approach that the system replaces) measured when the system is used by some one who is moderately efficient, and

A subjective assessment (sometimes obtained a questionnaire) of users towards the system.

Keeping in mind this kind of ease, the main emphasis is given on developing an easy to use and understandable system.

CORRECTNESS
As this system is being built for managing Employees records therefore it should be correct. A program must operate correctly and it should be reliable. Correctness is the degree to which the software performs its required functions. The most common unit to measure the error or defect is defects per KLOC, where a defect is defined as a verified lack of conformance to requirements.

MAINTAINABILITY
Software maintenance accounts for much more effort than any other software engineering activity. By maintenance of software we mean to say that to correct or to remove the errors which are encountered by the user and to up grade the software according to the users requirement or to make some changes in the software if the user has some new requirements. In all we can say that maintainability is a software engineering activity with which software can be corrected if an error is encountered, adapted if its environment changes, or enhanced if the user desires a change in requirements. This software, EIMS, which we have developed, is fully maintainable in the sense that new features or functions can be added. Also you can upgrade the previous functions.

SECURE
As this software deals with Records of Employees, therefore there is a need of a security mechanism in the system. For that purpose we had added a feature of user name and password. As the user access this software he will have to enter Username and password. With this feature an invalid user can be denied of having access to a system.

NEED OF THE SYSTEM

The Package is developed to help the department maintaining the employees details, earlier where the records where maintained manually, with the help of this package the concerned departments will be able to improve the productivity, reduce the time, cost factors associated with the system. The automation of the system will help the organization in proper maintenance of the record, less manpower, less man-days, less cost, proper & accurate functioning. The basic need for the package was to automate the whole procedure of maintaining of employees details, earlier it was all done manually. By developing this package lot of burden will be removed from the department, which was maintaining employees details. It will improve the efficiency, reduce the cost, and reduce the time needed to do the work manually. With the help of this package the past details of the officers can be assessed and policies can be based on this details. In brief we can say this system is required to automate the processing of employees details, which was done manually before the development of the package. Earlier all the information data pertaining to the employee details was maintained manually or we can say it was on paper, hence it created a problem for the organization, how to manage it properly. With the help of this system the organization is able to maintain the data properly & accurately. Why System was build? Earlier, data pertaining to employee details was maintained manually. Manual system was not efficient. Cost of maintaining data manually was bigger or huge. Large manpower was required. The procedure was error prone, it was not accurate. Manual system was not suited for electronic exchange of data.

Solution? The solution for all this problem was to automate the system, automation of the employee data maintenance would reduce the manpower, man days will result in accurate data & above all increase the efficiency of the concerned department.

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FEASIBILITY STUDY

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FEASIBILITY STUDY
Many feasibility studies are disillusioning for both users and analysts. First, the study often pre supposes that when the feasibility document is being prepared, the analyst is in a position to evaluate solutions. Second, most studies tend to overlook the confusion inherent in system development-the constraints and the assumed attitudes. if the feasibility study is to serve as a decision document, it must answer three key questions: 1. Is there a new and better way to do the job that will benefit the user? 2. What are the costs and savings of the alternative(s)? 3. What is recommended? The most successful system projects are not necessarily the biggest or the most visible in a business but rather those that truly meet user expectations. More projects fails because of inflated expectation than for any other reason.

FEASIBILITY CONSIDERATIONS
The three considerations involved in the feasibility analysis: economic, technical and behavioral.

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ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY
Economical analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of the candidate system, commonly known as cost/benefit analysis. This procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that are expected from a candidate system and compare them with costs. If benefits outweigh costs, then the decision is made to design and implement the system. Otherwise, further justification or alterations in the proposed system will have to be made if it is to have a chance of being approved. This is an ongoing effort that improves in a accuracy at each phase of the system life cycle. Feasibility study of EMPLOYEE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM states that this candidate system has more benefits than the costs involved in it.

TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
Technical feasibility centers on the existing computer system (hardware, software, etc.) and to what extent it can support the proposed addition. For instance, If the current computer is operating at 80% capacity-an arbitrary ceiling-then running another application could overload the system or require additional hardware. This involves financial consideration to accommodate technical enhancements. If the budget is a serious constraint, then the project is judged not feasible.

EMPLOYEE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM is technically feasible because it is memory efficient, it require less memory space. It will neither lead to overloading nor does it require any additional hardware.

BEHAVIORAL FEASIBILITY
People are inherently resistant to change, and computers have been known to facilitate change. An estimate has been made of how strong a reaction the user is likely to have towards the development of a computerized system. It is common knowledge that computer installation has something to do with turnover, transfers, retraining and

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changes in employee job status. Therefore, it is understandable that the introduction of a candidate system requires a special effort to educate, develop, and train the staff. EIMS is behavioral feasible because of its user-friendly nature. It is made in a interactive way to ease the user in using this system. A novice user with minimal guidance can use it. Thus, training time and cost of the user is reduced. This system is flexible to; further changes can be done easily. Data related changes can be made easily. Thus increases the life of this system and reduces the related cost.

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OBJECTIVE

15

EMPLOYEE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (EIMS)

Objective for this system is to make user-friendly employee information managing software, which can add, delete, modify, search Employees data/records.

EIMS helps in the automation of employee information like training Details, name, employee id, training agency, department and designation, training duration etc and hence creating a paper less environment. Modification, Addition, Deletion of the information of the employees will not take much time as well, as it used to take earlier.

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HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

Hardware Requirements: Hardware requirement are the basic need of the system or the package, which is been developed and will be deployed upon the system, which should have these basic components or fulfill these basic hardware needs of these package. The following hardware is recommended for the user. Microprocessor: Memory: Cache Memory: Upgradeability: HDD: Floppy Drive: Keyboard: Mouse: Graphics: Monitor: PIII500 MHz. 128 MB SDRAM DIHM 512 KBL2 Processor, RAM and HDD Upgradeable 9.1 GB Wide ultra SCSI-3 HDD 24x CD ROM Drive (IDE) 104 Keys Enhanced Keyboard 2 Button Scroll Mouse 1024x768, 256 colors non-interlaced on PCL Local Bus 15 SGA Color monitor

Software Requirements: Software requirement are the basic software needs of the system or the package to work properly & efficiently. Operating System: Windows-98 & upper versions

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For editing the code of the package: Application program: Turbo c++

SYSTEM REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

The function and performance allocated to software as part of system engineering are refined by establishing a complete information description, a detailed functional and behavioral description, an indication of performance requirements and design constraints, appropriate validation criteria, and other data pertinent to requirements. The outlines of system requirement specification are: Introduction: This System Requirement Specifications Document forms the basis for the design and development of the EIMS. The purpose of this document is to define all the processes Involved in the function of EIMS. The requirements of the software relating to the functionality, interfaces, logical database requirements and various other aspects of the software are also explicitly defined. The SRS document will also act as the basis for understanding between the end-user and the designer/developer. Information Description: The development of this system assists in the maintenance of the information and to fulfill the complete software requirements of the package. Functional Description: A processing narrative is provided for each function, design constraints are stated and justified, performance characteristics are stated and diagram is included. Validation and Criteria: For successful implementation of the system we should define the performance bounds, and expected software response. At the time of creating new entry, system performs different types of validations like user can not overwrite the existing information. 18

REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

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REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS is the first technical step in the software process. It is at this point that a general statement of software scope is refined into a concrete specification that becomes the foundation of all software engineering activities that follow. Software requirement engineering is a process of discovery, refinement, modelling and specification. The system requirements and the role allocated to the software, initially established by the system engineer are refined in detail. Models in the required data, information and control flow and operational behaviour are created. Both the developer and customer have to take an active part in software requirement engineering. Requirement analysis is a software engineering task that bridges the gap between the customer and the developers. Facilitation Application Specification Techniques (FAST) was applied at the time of requirement analysis as the developer and the customer or the user worked together as a unit. The success of a system depends largely on how accurately a problem is defined, thoroughly investigated, and properly carried out through the choice of solution. User requirement analysis and need identification are concerned with what the user needs rather than what he/she wants. Not until the problem has been identified, defined, & evaluated should the analyst think about solutions and whether the problem is worth solving. This step is intended to help the user and the analyst understand the real problem rather than its symptoms. What kind of information do we require?

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Before one determines where to go for information or what tools to use, the first requirement is to figure out what information to gather. Much of the information we need to analyse relates to the organization in general, like knowledge about the people who run the present system-their job functions and information requirements the relationship of their job to their existing system

For EIMS, system should be interactive & users friendly so that the training period for users should be less & they can easily learn & use our system, because our job is to reduce their complexity & workload not to increase it. The data related to the employees changes frequently because of retirements, deputations, trainings and new recruitments. So, the system should be flexible so that further changes without affecting the current data can be done easily.

Strategies for determining information requirements

There are two key strategies or general approaches for eliciting information regarding the user's requirements: (1) Asking, (2) Getting information from the existing information system. 1. This strategy obtains information from users by simply asking them about the requirements. It assumes a stable system where users are well informed and can overcome biases in defining their problem. a). What kind of information is required? b). What fields should be included in the module? c). What are qualification for particular designation? d). What all information they want from the program? e). What information they want to be automatically generated? f). Different categories of the departments? 2. Brain storming is a technique used for generating new ideas and obtaining general information requirement. This method is appropriate for eliciting non21

conventional solutions to problems. A guided approach to brain storming asks people involved in the project to define ideal solutions and then select best feasible one. It works well for users who have system knowledge but have difficulty accepting new ideas. Then with the help of the different methods of feasibility the best or the most feasible approach is taken.

This debate is continued until participants responses have converged enough. This method has an advantage over brainstorming in that participants are not subjected to psychological pressure from others with presumed authority or influence.

Getting information from the existing information system Determining information from an existing application has been called the data analysis approach. It simply asks the user what information is currently received and what other information is required. It relies heavily on the user to articulate information needs. The analysts examine all reports, discusses with the user each piece of information examined, and determines unfulfilled information needs by interviewing the user. The analyst is primarily involved in improving the existing flow of data to the user. In contrast to this method is decision analysis. This breaks down a problem into parts, which allows the user to focus separately on the critical issues. It also determines policy and organizational objectives relevant to the decision areas identified and the specific steps required to complete each major decision. Then the analyst and the user refined the decision process and the information requirements for a final statement of information requirements. The data analysis method is ideal for making structured decisions, although it requires that users articulate their information requirements. A major drawback is a lack of established rules for obtaining and validating information needs that are not linked to organizational objectives. In the decision analysis method, information needs are clearly linked to decision and organizational objectives. It is useful for unstructured decisions and information 22

tailored to the user's decision-making style. The major drawback, though, is that information requirements may change when the user is promoted or replaced.

SOFTWARE PLANNING AND DESIGN

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SOFTWARE PLANNING AND DESIGN

Software planning and design is an important stage in the development of software. First of all a model needs to be selected for developing software. A process model for software engineering is chosen based on the nature of the project and application, the method and tools to be used, and the controls for deliverables that are required. Keeping in mind the nature of the problem, its application and the language (c++) on which the EMPLOYEE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM was supposed to be developed on Evolutionary model was selected. Evolutionary models have been explicitly designed to accommodate a product that involves modifications over a time. Evolutionary models are iterative. They are characterized in a manner that enables software engineers to develop increasingly more complete version of the software. Among the versions evolutionary models INCREMENTAL MODEL was used. The incremental model of the linear sequential model with the iterative philosophy of prototyping. The incremental model applies linear sequence in a staggered fashion. Referring to the figure there are four steps in each increment.

Software requirement analysis: --The requirement gathering process

is intensified and focused specially on software. To understand the nature of the program to be built, the software engineer must understand the information domain for the software as well as the required function behavior, performance and interface. Requirements for both the system and the software are documented and revived with the customer.

Design: -- Software design is actually a multistep process that focuses

on four distinct attributes of the program, data structure, software architecture, and interface representation and procedure retail. The design process translates requirements into a presentation of the software that can be accessed for quality

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before coding begins. Like requirements, the design is documented and becomes part of the software configuration.

Code generation: -- The design must be translated into a machine-

readable form. The code generation step performs this task.

Testing: -- Once software has been generated testing begins. The

testing processes focuses on the logical internals of the software, ensuring that all the statements have been tested, and on the functional external; that is, conducting test to uncover errors and ensure that defined input will produce actual results that agree with expected results.

The first increment of the incremental model produced the core

product i.e. basic requirements were addressed but many supplementary features remain undelivered.

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FIRST INCREMENT

ANALYSIS

DESIGN

CODE

TEST

DELIVERY OF FIRST INCREMENT

SECOND INCREMENT

ANALYSIS THIRD INCREMENT

DESIGN

CODE

TEST

DELIVERY OF SECOND INCREMENT

DELIVERY OF THIRD INCREMENT

ANALYSIS

DESIGN

CODE

TEST

INCREMENTAL MODEL

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DESIGN MODEL

1. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM 2. ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM 3. FLOW CHART 4. BLOCK DIAGRAM

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DATA FLOW DIAGRAM (DFD)

A DFD is a graphical representation that depicts information flow and the transforms that are applied as data move from input to output. The basic form of a DFD is also known as a data flow graph or a bubble chart. DFD may be used to represent a system or software at any level of abstraction. DFDs can be partitioned into levels that represent increasing information flow and functional detail. A level 0 DFD, also called a fundamental system model or a context model, represents the entire software element or a single bubble with input and output data indicated by incoming and outgoing arrows, respectively.

A level 1 DFD may contain five or six bubbles with interconnection arrows. Each of the processes represented at level 1 is a subfunction of the overall system depicted in the context model.

DFD Notations

: It represents a process or transform that is applied to data.

: It represents a data store-stored information that is used by Software

: It represents one or more data items.

: It represents an external entities. 29

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

ZERO DEGREE

INPUT

USERNAME AND PASSWORD

Access To Employee Data/Records Through EIMS

SEARCH, ADDITION, DELETION AND MODIFICATION OF EMPLOYEE DATA/RECORDS OUTPUT

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DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

FIRST DEGREE INPUT (USER NAME AND PASSWORD)

VERIFICATIO N OF DATA

CHANGE PASSWOR D ADD A RECORD DELETE ONE OR ALL RECORD

MAIN SCREEN EXIT

SEARCH A RECORD MODIFY A RECORD

ACCESS GRANTED

ACCESS DENIED

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UPDATED EMPLOYEES DATA/RECORDS

ER-DIAGRAM Entity Relationship Diagram: Depicts relationships between data objects. The object-relationship pair can be represented graphically using the Entity-Relationship Diagram. A set of primary components is identified for the ERD: data objects, attributes, relationships, and various type indicators. The primary purpose of the ERD is to represent data objects and their relationships. Data Objects, Attributes, and Relationships The data model consists of three interrelated pieces of information: the data object, the attributes that describe the data object, and the relationships that connect data objects to one other. Data Objects: A data object is a representation of almost any composite information that must be understood by software. By composite information, we mean something that has a number of different properties or attributes. A data object encapsulates data only there is no reference within a data object to operations that act on the data. The data object description incorporates the data object and all of its attributes. Data objects are related to one another. Attributes: Attributes define the properties of a data object and take on one of three different characteristics. They can be used to name an instance of the data object, describe the instance, or make reference to another instance in another table. The set of attribute that is appropriate for a given data object is determined through an understanding of the problem context. One or more of the attributes must be defined, as an identifier that is identifier attribute becomes a Key when we want to find an instance of the data object. 32

Relationships: Data object are connected to one another in a variety of different ways. We can define a set of object-relationships pairs that define the relevant relationships. Objectrelationship pairs are bi-directional. Different data objects and their attributes are described in data dictionary and their relationships between these data objects are given in ER diagram of next section. Cardinality and Modality Cardinality: The data model must be capable of representing the number of occurrences of objects in a given relationship. The cardinality of an objectrelationship pair are: 1. One-to-one (1:1): An occurrence of object A can relate to one and only one occurrence of object B and an occurrence of B can relate to only one occurrence of A. 2. One-to-many (1:N): One occurrence of object A can relate to one or many occurrences of object B but an occurrence of B can relate to only one occurrence of A. 3. Many-to-many (M: N): An occurrence of object A can relate to one or more occurrences of B, while an occurrence of B can relate to or more occurrences of A. Cardinality defines the maximum number of object relationships that can participate in a relationship. Modality: The modality of a relationship is zero if there is no explicit need for the relationship to occur or the relationship is optional. The modality is 1 if an occurrence of the relationship is mandatory.

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ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

EMPLOYEE SALARY EMPLOYEE EDUCATIO N DATE OF BIRTH

EMPLOYEE NAME

EMPLOYEE DESIGNATIO N EMPLOYEE ID

EMPLOYEE
DEPARTME -NT SEX

Gets TRAINE D TRAINING AGENCY COURSE NAME

TRAINING COURSE
DURATIO N

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FLOW CHART
Flow chart: A flow chart depicts pictorially the sequence in which instructions / processes are carried out in a system. Flow charts are graphical representation of the processes that are carried out by the system, it depicts inputs, output and processing of the inputs and the stages at which processing is done. Flow chart not only helps in accessing the system but also in designing the algorithms for the system. Objects used:

Start / Termination Box

Processing Box

Input / Output Box

Decision Box

Connector

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FLOW CHART OF EIMS

START

Read User Name & Password

No Matching of Password

Yes

Main menu

Employee Record Processing

Stop

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

Block Diagram: Block diagram is a representation of the system as a whole. It depicts the system as modules; basically block diagram is representation of the system in block, which is represented in diagram. It breaks the system into sub modules & then depicts their behaviours & functions. Block diagram is over view of the system like what are its modules, its function & etc.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR EIMS

ADD A RECORD

DELETE A REORD EIMS

MODIFY A RECORD

SEARCH A RECORD

SHOW ALL RECORDS

EXIT

TOTAL NO. OF RECORDS

CHANGE PASSWORD

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MAIN MENU

1. ADD A NEW RECORD 2. SHOW ALL RECORDS 3. SEARCH A RECORD BY NAME 4. SEARCH A RECORD BY EMPLOYEE ID 5. MODIFY A RECORD 6. DELETE A RECORD 7. DELETE ALL RECORDS 8. TOTAL NUMBER OF RECORDS 9. CHANGE PASSWORD

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CODING

CODING
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#include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> #include<fstream.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<graphics.h> const int len=90; class company { private: struct employee { char name[len],emp_id[len],sex[len],edu[len],desig[len],dep[len],trainc[len],traina[len],fla g,age[len],salary[len],duration[len]; }e; fstream file; public: company(); void emp_getdata(); void emp_showdata(); void emp_search(); void emp_searchn(); void emp_modify(); void emp_delrec(); void emp_packrec(); void emp_total(); };

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class security { private: struct secure { char username[len],password[len]; }s; public: security(); fstream file1; void check1(void); void changepass(void); }; security::security() { file1.open("TEST.DAT",ios::binary|ios::in|ios::out); if(!file1) { clearviewport(); outtextxy(200,200,"YOUR FILE FOR USERNAME AND PASSWORD DOSN'T EXIST "); exit(0); } }

void security::check1() { char uname[50],passw[50]; int count=0; 42

file1.close(); file1.open("TEST.DAT",ios::binary|ios::in|ios::out); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(200,200,"ENTER THE USERNAME"); gotoxy(30, 16); fflush(stdin); gets(uname); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(200,200,"ENTER THE PASSWORD"); gotoxy(32, 16); fflush(stdin); gets(passw); file1.seekg(0L,ios::beg); while(file1.read((char*)&s,sizeof(s))) { if ( (strcmp(s.username,uname)==0)&&(strcmp(s.password,passw)==0) ) { clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(110,200,"YOUR USERNAME AND PASSWORD HAVE MATCHED"); getch(); clearviewport(); settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(220,200,"ACCESS GRANTED"); getch(); } else { clearviewport(); settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT,0,1); 43

outtextxy(220,200,"ACCESS DENIED"); getch(); exit(0); } } count++; file1.clear(); file1.close(); }

void security::changepass() { char passw[50]; int count=0; file1.close(); file1.open("TEST.DAT",ios::binary|ios::in|ios::out); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(200,200,"ENTER THE OLD PASSWORD"); gotoxy(32, 16); fflush(stdin); gets(passw); file1.seekg(0L,ios::beg); while(file1.read((char*)&s,sizeof(s))) { if ( (strcmp(s.password,passw)==0) ) { clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(200,200,"ENTER THE NEW PASSWORD"); gotoxy(32, 16); 44

fflush(stdin); gets(s.password); file1.seekp(0L,ios::beg); file1.write((char*)&s,sizeof(s)); clearviewport(); settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(220,200,"PASSWORD UPDATED"); getch(); } else { clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(220,200,"INCORRECT PASSWORD"); getch(); } } count++; file1.clear(); file1.close(); } company::company() { file.open("PRDPROJ.DAT",ios::binary|ios::in|ios::out); if(!file) { clearviewport(); outtextxy(180,200,"YOUR DATABASE DOES NOT EXIST"); exit(0); } } 45

void company::emp_getdata() { file.close(); file.open("PRDPROJ.DAT",ios::binary|ios::in|ios::out); char ch; file.seekp(0L,ios::end); do { clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(130,200,"ENTER THE EMPLOYEE ID OF THE EMPLOYEE"); gotoxy(33,16); fflush(stdin); gets(e.emp_id); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(150,200,"ENTER THE NAME OF THE EMPLOYEE"); gotoxy(28,16); fflush(stdin); gets(e.name); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(150,200,"ENTER THE SEX OF THE EMPLOYEE"); gotoxy(33,16); fflush(stdin); gets(e.sex); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(120,200,"ENTER THE DATE OF BIRTH OF THE EMPLOYEE"); gotoxy(32,16); fflush(stdin); 46

gets(e.age); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(140,200,"ENTER THE SALARY OF THE EMPLOYEE"); gotoxy(32,16); fflush(stdin); gets(e.salary); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(70,200,"ENTER THE EDUATIONAL QUALIFICATION OF THE EMPLOYEE"); gotoxy(25,16); fflush(stdin); gets(e.edu); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(130,200,"ENTER THE DESIGNATION OF THE EMPLOYEE"); gotoxy(30,16); fflush(stdin); gets(e.desig); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(70,200,"ENTER THE NAME OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE EMPLOYEE"); gotoxy(28,16); fflush(stdin); gets(e.dep); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(65,200,"ENTER THE TRAINING COURSE ATTENDED BY THE EMPLOYEE"); gotoxy(26,16); fflush(stdin); 47

gets(e.trainc); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(130,200,"ENTER THE NAME OF THE TRAINING AGENCY"); gotoxy(29,16); fflush(stdin); gets(e.traina); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(140,200,"ENTER THE DURATION OF THE COURSE"); gotoxy(32,16); fflush(stdin); gets(e.duration); e.flag=' '; file.write((char *)&e,sizeof(e)); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(35,200,"DO YOU WANT TO ENTER DATA FOR THE NEXT EMPLOYEE(y/n)?"); gotoxy(32,16); cin>>ch; } while(ch=='y' || ch == 'Y'); file.close(); }

void company::emp_showdata() { file.close(); file.open("PRDPROJ.DAT",ios::binary|ios::in|ios::out); int a; 48

file.seekg(0L,ios::beg); while(file.read((char *)&e,sizeof(e))) { if (e.flag =='*') { } else { clearviewport(); settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(85,10,"EMPLOYEE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM"); settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,100,"EMPLOYEE ID:"); gotoxy(38,7); cout<<e.emp_id; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,135,"NAME:"); gotoxy(38,9); cout<<e.name; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,170,"DATE OF BIRTH:"); gotoxy(38,11.9); cout<<e.age; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,205,"SEX:"); gotoxy(38,13.95); cout<<e.sex; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); 49

outtextxy(75,240,"SALARY:"); gotoxy(38,16.05); cout<<e.salary; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,275,"EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION:"); gotoxy(38,18); cout<<e.edu; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,310,"DESIGNATION:"); gotoxy(38,20.2); cout<<e.desig; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,345,"DEPARTMENT:"); gotoxy(38,22.7); cout<<e.dep;

settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,380,"TRAINING COURSE:"); gotoxy(38,24.99); cout<<e.trainc; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,415,"TRAINING AGENCY:"); gotoxy(38,27); cout<<e.traina; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,450,"DURATION OF THE COURSE:"); 50

gotoxy(38,29); cout<<e.duration; getch(); } } file.clear(); file.close(); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(160,200,"PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE"); getch(); }

void company::emp_modify() { file.close(); file.open("PRDPROJ.DAT",ios::binary|ios::in|ios::out); char id[10]; int count =0; long int pos; clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(130,200,"ENTER THE EMPLOYEE ID OF THE EMPLOYEE"); gotoxy(33,16); fflush(stdin); gets(id); file.seekg(0L,ios::beg); while(file.read((char*)&e,sizeof(e))) { if ((strcmp(e.emp_id,id)==0)&&(e.flag==' ')) { 51

clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(130,200,"ENTER THE NEW RECORD FOR THE EMPLOYEE"); getch(); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(130,200,"ENTER THE EMPLOYEE ID OF THE EMPLOYEE"); gotoxy(33,16); fflush(stdin); gets(e.emp_id); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(150,200,"ENTER THE NAME OF THE EMPLOYEE"); gotoxy(28,16); fflush(stdin); gets(e.name); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(150,200,"ENTER THE SEX OF THE EMPLOYEE"); gotoxy(33,16); fflush(stdin); gets(e.sex); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(120,200,"ENTER THE DATE OF BIRTH OF THE EMPLOYEE"); gotoxy(32,16); fflush(stdin); gets(e.age); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(140,200,"ENTER THE SALARY OF THE EMPLOYEE"); gotoxy(32,16); fflush(stdin); 52

gets(e.salary); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(70,200,"ENTER THE EDUATIONAL QUALIFICATION OF THE EMPLOYEE"); gotoxy(25,16); fflush(stdin); gets(e.edu); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(130,200,"ENTER THE DESIGNATION OF THE EMPLOYEE"); gotoxy(30,16); fflush(stdin); gets(e.desig); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(70,200,"ENTER THE NAME OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE EMPLOYEE"); gotoxy(28,16); fflush(stdin); gets(e.dep); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(65,200,"ENTER THE TRAINING COURSE ATTENDED BY THE EMPLOYEE"); gotoxy(26,16); fflush(stdin); gets(e.trainc); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(130,200,"ENTER THE NAME OF THE TRAINING AGENCY"); gotoxy(29,16); 53

fflush(stdin); gets(e.traina); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(140,200,"ENTER THE DURATION OF THE COURSE"); gotoxy(32,16); fflush(stdin); gets(e.duration); e.flag=' '; pos = count * sizeof(e); file.seekp(pos,ios::beg); file.write((char*)&e,sizeof(e)); return; } count++; } clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(85,200,"NO EMPLOYEE FOUND IN THE FILE WITH ID ="); gotoxy(60,14); cout<<id; getch(); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(160,200,"PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE"); getch(); file.clear(); file.close(); }

void company::emp_search() { 54

file.close(); file.open("PRDPROJ.DAT",ios::binary|ios::in|ios::out); company cmp; ifstream infile; infile.open("PRDPROJ.DAT",ios::in|ios::binary); char id[30]; int count =0,flag7 =0; long int pos; clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(130,200,"ENTER THE EMPLOYEE ID OF THE EMPLOYEE"); gotoxy(33,16); fflush(stdin); gets(id); file.seekg(0L,ios::beg); while(file.read((char*)&e,sizeof(e))) { if (strcmp(e.emp_id,id)==0) { pos = count * sizeof(e); file.seekg(pos,ios::beg); while(file.read((char *)&e,sizeof(e))) { if ((e.flag =='*')||(strcmp(e.emp_id,id)!=0)) { } else { clearviewport(); settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(85,10,"EMPLOYEE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM"); 55

settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,100,"EMPLOYEE ID:"); gotoxy(38,7); cout<<e.emp_id; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,135,"NAME:"); gotoxy(38,9); cout<<e.name; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,170,"DATE OF BIRTH:"); gotoxy(38,11.9); cout<<e.age; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,205,"SEX:"); gotoxy(38,13.95); cout<<e.sex; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,240,"SALARY:"); gotoxy(38,16.05); cout<<e.salary; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,275,"EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION:"); gotoxy(38,18); cout<<e.edu; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,310,"DESIGNATION:"); 56

gotoxy(38,20.2); cout<<e.desig; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,345,"DEPARTMENT:"); gotoxy(38,22.7); cout<<e.dep;

settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,380,"TRAINING COURSE:"); gotoxy(38,24.99); cout<<e.trainc; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,415,"TRAINING AGENCY:"); gotoxy(38,27); cout<<e.traina; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,450,"DURATION OF THE COURSE:"); gotoxy(38,29); cout<<e.duration; flag7++; getch(); } } } count++; } if(flag7==0) { clearviewport(); 57

settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(85,200,"NO EMPLOYEE FOUND IN THE FILE WITH ID ="); gotoxy(60,14); cout<<id; getch(); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(160,200,"PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE"); getch(); } file.clear(); file.close(); infile.close(); }

void company::emp_delrec() { file.close(); file.open("PRDPROJ.DAT",ios::binary|ios::in|ios::out); char id[30]; long int pos; int count=0; clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(130,200,"ENTER THE EMPLOYEE ID OF THE EMPLOYEE"); gotoxy(33,16); fflush(stdin); gets(id); file.seekg(0L,ios::beg); while(file.read((char *)&e,sizeof(e))) { 58

if(strcmp(e.emp_id,id)==0) { e.flag='*'; pos=count*sizeof(e); file.seekp(pos,ios::beg); file.write((char*)&e,sizeof(e)); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(95,200,"EMPLOYEE RECORD DELETED WITH THE ID ="); gotoxy(61,14); cout<<id; getch(); return; } count++; } clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(85,200,"NO EMPLOYEE FOUND IN THE FILE WITH ID ="); gotoxy(60,14); cout<<id; getch(); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(160,200,"PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE"); getch(); file.clear(); file.close(); } void company::emp_packrec() { file.close(); 59

file.open("PRDPROJ.DAT",ios::binary|ios::in|ios::out); ofstream outfile; outfile.open("PREP",ios::out); file.seekg(0,ios::beg); while(file.read((char*)&e,sizeof(e))); { if(e.flag !='*') outfile.write((char*)&e,sizeof(e)); } outfile.close(); file.close(); remove("PRDPROJ.DAT"); rename("PREP","PASS.DAT"); file.open("PRDPROJ.DAT",ios::binary|ios::in|ios::out|ios::nocreate); }

void company::emp_searchn() { file.close(); file.open("PRDPROJ.DAT",ios::binary|ios::in|ios::out); company cmp; ifstream infile; infile.open("PRDPROJ.DAT",ios::in|ios::binary); char name1[len]; int count =0,flag7 =0; long int pos; clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(140,200,"ENTER THE NAME OF THE EMPLOYEE"); gotoxy(28,16); 60

fflush(stdin); gets(name1); file.seekg(0L,ios::beg); while(file.read((char*)&e,sizeof(e))) { if (strcmp(e.name,name1)==0) { pos = count * sizeof(e); file.seekg(pos,ios::beg); while(file.read((char *)&e,sizeof(e))) { if ((e.flag =='*')||(strcmp(e.name,name1)!=0)) { } else { clearviewport(); settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(85,10,"EMPLOYEE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM"); settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,100,"EMPLOYEE ID:"); gotoxy(38,7); cout<<e.emp_id; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,135,"NAME:"); gotoxy(38,9); cout<<e.name; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); 61

outtextxy(75,170,"DATE OF BIRTH:"); gotoxy(38,11.9); cout<<e.age; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,205,"SEX:"); gotoxy(38,13.95); cout<<e.sex; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,240,"SALARY:"); gotoxy(38,16.05); cout<<e.salary; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,275,"EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION:"); gotoxy(38,18); cout<<e.edu; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,310,"DESIGNATION:"); gotoxy(38,20.2); cout<<e.desig; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,345,"DEPARTMENT:"); gotoxy(38,22.7); cout<<e.dep;

settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,380,"TRAINING COURSE:"); gotoxy(38,24.99); 62

cout<<e.trainc; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,415,"TRAINING AGENCY:"); gotoxy(38,27); cout<<e.traina; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(75,450,"DURATION OF THE COURSE:"); gotoxy(38,29); cout<<e.duration; flag7++; getch(); } } } count++; } if(flag7==0) { clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(105,200,"NO EMPLOYEE FOUND IN THE FILE WITH NAME"); gotoxy(27,16); cout<<name1; getch(); clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(165,200,"PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE"); getch();

63

} file.clear(); file.close(); infile.close(); } void company::emp_total() { file.close(); file.open("PRDPROJ.DAT",ios::binary|ios::in|ios::out); int a = 0; file.seekg(0L,ios::beg); while(file.read((char *)&e,sizeof(e))) { if (e.flag =='*') { } else { a++; } } file.clear(); file.close(); clearviewport(); settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(104,196,"THERE ARE TOTAL"); gotoxy(30, 13); cout<<a; settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(262,196,"EMPLOYEE'S RECORDS IN THE FILE"); getch(); 64

clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,2); outtextxy(200,200,"PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE"); getch(); } //start of main function//start of main function//start of main function//start of main function//

void main () { int gm,gd=DETECT,ch1; initgraph(&gd,&gm,"d:\\TC\\BGI"); security s1; //s1.check1(); company cmp1; char ch,ans; do { clearviewport(); settextstyle(TRIPLEX_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(110,20,"EMPLOYEE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM"); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(190,90,"WELCOME TO THE MAIN MENU"); settextstyle(DEFAULT_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(230,150,"0. EXIT"); outtextxy(230,170,"1. ADD A NEW RECORD"); outtextxy(230,190,"2. SHOW ALL RECORDS"); outtextxy(230,210,"3. SEARCH BY EMPLOYEE ID"); outtextxy(230,230,"4. SEARCH BY EMPLOYEE NAME"); outtextxy(230,250,"5. MODIFY A RECORD"); 65

outtextxy(230,270,"6. DELETE A RECORD"); outtextxy(230,290,"7. DELETE ALL RECORDS"); outtextxy(230,310,"8. TOTAL NO. OF RECORDS"); outtextxy(230,330,"9. CHANGE PASSWORD"); outtextxy(230,387,"ENTER YOUR CHOICE : "); gotoxy(50, 25); cin>>ans; switch(ans) { case '1': clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(150,200,"ENTER THE DATA FOR THE EMPLOYEE"); getch(); cmp1.emp_getdata(); break; case '2': cmp1.emp_showdata(); break; case '3': cmp1.emp_search(); break; case '4': cmp1.emp_searchn(); break; case '5': cmp1.emp_modify(); break; 66

case '6': cmp1.emp_delrec(); break; case '7': cmp1.emp_packrec(); break; case '8': cmp1.emp_total(); break; case '9': s1.changepass(); break; case '0': exit(0); break; default: clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(220,200,"INVALID CHOICE"); } clearviewport(); settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,0,1); outtextxy(100,200,"DO YOU WISH TO RETURN TO THE MAIN MENU (y/n)"); gotoxy(32, 16); cin>>ch; }while(ch=='y'||ch=='Y');

67

cout<< endl; }

68

OUTPUT

69

ENTER THE PASSWORD

70

EMPLOYEE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

WELCOME TO THE MAIN MENU 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. EXIT ADD A NEW RECORD SHOW ALL RECORDS SEARCH BY EMPLOYEE ID SEARCH BY EMPLOYEE NAME MODIFY A RECORD DELETE A RECORD DELETE ALL RECORDS TOTAL NUMBER OF RECORDS CHANGE PASSWORD 9. CHANGE PASSWORD ENTER YOUR CHOICE:

71

ENTER DATA FOR THE EMPLOYEEE

72

ENTER EMPLOYEE ID OF THE EMPLOYEE

73

ENTER NAME OF THE EMPLOYEE

74

ENTER SEX OF THE EMPLOYEE

75

ENTER DATE OF THE BIRTH OF THE EMPLOYEE

76

ENTER SALARY OF THE EMPLOYEE

77

ENTER EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION OF THE EMPLOYEE

78

ENTER DESIGNATION OF THE EMPLOYEE

79

ENTER NAME OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE EMPLOYEE

80

ENTER TRAINING COURSE ATTENDED BY EMPLOYEE

81

ENTER NAME OF TRAINING INSTITUTE

82

ENTER DURATION OF THE COURSE

83

DO YOU WANT TO ENTER DATA FOR NEXT EMPLOYEE: y/n

84

TESTING

85

SYSTEM TESTING

INTRODUCTION: A system should always be tested thoroughly before its implementation, as regards its individual programs, the system as a whole should be tested for user acceptance etc. This is because implementing a new system is a major job, which enquires a lot of man-hour and a lot of other resources, so an error not detected before implementation may cost a lot. Effective testing early in the process translates directly into long term cost savings from reduced number of errors. This is also necessary because in some cases, a small error is not detected and corrected before installation, which may explode into much larger problem. Programming and testing is followed by the stage of installing the new computer based system. Actual implementation of the system can begin at this point using either a parallel or a direct changeover plan, or some blend of two. Software testing is a critical element of Software Quality Assurance and represents the ultimate review of specification, design and coding. The purpose of product testing is to verify and validate the various work products viz. units, integrate unit, final product to ensure that they meet their respective requirements. TESTING OBJECTIVES: -

an error.

The testing objectives are summarized in the following three steps: Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding

A good test case is one that has a high probability of finding an as yet

undiscovered error. A successful test is the one that uncover an as yet undiscovered error.

86

Our objective is to design tests that systematically uncover different

classes of errors and do so with a minimum amount of time and effort.

87

TESTING PRINCIPLES: All tests should be traceable to customer requirement. Tests should be planned long before testing begins that is the test planning can begin as soon as the requirement model is complete. Testing should begin in the small and progress towards testing in the large. The first plan and executed generally focus on individual program modules. As the testing progresses, testing shifts focus in an attempt to find errors in integrated clusters of modules and ultimately in the entire system. The number of path permutations for even a moderately sized program is exceptionally large. For this reason, it is impossible to execute every combination of paths during testing. It is possible, however to adequately cover program logic and to ensure that all conditions in the procedural design have been exercised. To be more effective, testing has highest probability of finding the errors. The following are the attributes of a good test: A good test has the high probability of finding the errors. A good test is not redundant. A good test should be best of breed. A good test should be neither too simple nor too complex. This process has two parts: (a) Planning: This involves writing and reviewing unit, integration, functional, validation and acceptance test plans. Execution: This involves executing these test plans, measuring, collecting data and verifying if it meets the quality criteria set in the Quality Plan. Data collected is used to make appropriate changes in the plans related to development and testing. The quality of a product or item can be achieved by ensuring that the product meets the requirements by planning and conducting the following tests at various stages. 88

LEVELS OF TESTING: -

Unit Tests at the unit level, conducted by the development team, to verify individual stand alone units. Integration Tests after two or more product units are integrated, conducted by the development team, to test the interface between the integrated units. Functional Tests prior to the release to validation manager, designed and conducted by the team independent of designers and coders, to ensure the functionality provided against the customer requirement specifications. Acceptance Tests prior to the release to validation manager, conducted by the development team, if any supplied by the customer. Validation Tests prior to the release to customers, conducted by the validation team to validate the product against the customer requirement specifications and user documentation.

MODULE TESTING: The testing of individual modules was completed during the development itself. Creating some test data at the time of coding tested each module and necessary change was made there on to make sure that the module is working satisfactorily. LOOP TESTING: -Loops are the corner stone for the vast majority of all algorithms, implemented in software. And yet we often pay them little need while conducting software tests. Loop testing is a white box testing technique that focuses exclusively on the validity of the loop constructs. Four different classes of loops can be defined: --

89

 Simple loops Concatenated loops Nested loops Unstructured loop. SIMPLE LOOPS: -- The following sets of tests were applied to simple loops.
Where n is the maximum number of allowable passes through to the loop. Skip the loop entirely. Only one pass through the loop. M passes through the loop where m<n. N-1, N+1 passes through the loop.

NESTED LOOPS: -The following tests were applied as nested loops.

1. Start at the innermost loop. Set all the others loop to minimum value. 2. Conduct simple loop tests for the innermost loop while holding outer loops at there their minimum iteration parameter values. 3. Work outward, conducting tests for the next loop, but keeping all other outer loops at minimum values and other nested loops to typical values. 4. Continue until all loops have been tested.

CONCATENATED LOOPS: -- concatenated loops were tested using the same

approach as mentioned for simple loops if each of the loops was independent of other. Otherwise in case of non-independent loops the approach mentioned for nested loops was used. CREATING TEST DATA: Though some test data were created at the time of testing individual modules, but this may not be sufficient for further testing of the system as a whole. So, new test data were created for all possible real life situations, which were though might occur. 90

TEST CASE DESIGN: Test case design focuses on a set of techniques for the creation of test cases that meet overall testing objectives. In test case design phase, the engineer creates a series of test cases that are intended to demolish the software that has been built. Any Software Product can be tested in one of the two ways: Knowing the specific function that a product has been designed to perform, tests can be conducted that demonstrates each function is fully operational, at the same time searching for errors in each function. This approach is known as Black Box testing. Knowing the internal working of a product, tests can be conducted to ensure that internal operation performs according to specification and all internal components have been adequately exercised. This approach is known as White-Box testing. Black box testing is designed to uncover errors. They are used to demonstrate that the Software functions are operational; that input is properly accepted and output is correctly produced; and that integrity of external information is maintained (e.g. Data Files). A black box examines some fundamental aspects of a system with little regard for the internal logical structure of the software. White box testing of Software is predicted on close examination of procedural details. Providing test cases that exercise specific sets of conditions and / or loops tests logical paths through the software. The state of the program may be examined if the expected or asserted status corresponds to the actual status. A combination of white box testing and black box testing was applied in order to find as many errors as possible and debugging them and checking the working of the program. A bottom-up approach was used during the testing as testing was started from the smallest unit or function and then integrating with others and in the end checking a testing the whole program together as a single entity.

91

The customer also applied a series of alpha tests at the developers site. The software was used in its natural setting with the developer looking over the shoulder of the user and recording errors and usage problem. EIMS TESTING: As this project was to be done in three phases (Analysis, Design, and Coding) so the testing for the EIMS was more of unit testing and module testing. As the modules got complete the testing was done. The modules once integrated can be test in one go. The basic idea is to check the modules individually and to see that the concatenation of the modules is done properly. Each and every module was checked thoroughly and then the whole system was checked in one go to see the integration between the modules.

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LIMITATION OF THE SYSTEM

Limitations of the system and future development areas:

As such the system doesnt pose any technical limitations. It does require a minimum hardware and software requirement. Therefore no practical limitations of the system have been found yet. However the user friendliness of the system can be further increased by embedding mouse programming in the code.

93

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Object Oriented Programming --E.Balaguruswamy 2. Let Us C++ --Yashwant kanitkar 3. Complete Reference C++ --Robert L. 4. Computer Science, C++ --Gautam Sarkar, Sumita Arora 5. Software Engineering Roger S.Pressman

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