Additional Mathematics Project Work 2

Various Shapes Of Cakes

Name

I/C Number :

School

:SMJK Keat Hwa

Class

:5A1

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Num. 1 Part I Part II ~ Question 1 ~ Question 2 (a) ~ Question 2 (b) 2 ~ Question 2 (c) ~ Question 3 (a) ~ Question 3 (b) ~ Question 3 (c) 3 4 Part III Further Exploration Question Page

Introduction
PART I History of cake baking and decorating Although clear examples of the difference between cake and bread are easy to find, the precise classification has always been elusive. For example, banana bread may be properly considered either a quick bread or a cake.The Greeks invented beer as a leavener, frying fritters in olive oil, and cheesecakes using goat's milk. In ancient Rome, basic bread dough was sometimes enriched with butter, eggs, and honey, which produced a sweet and cake-like baked good. Latin poet Ovid refers to the birthday of him and his brother with party and cake in his first book of exile,Tristia.Early cakes in England were also essentially bread: the most obvious differences between a "cake" and "bread" were the round, flat shape of the cakes, and the cooking method, which turned cakes over once while cooking, while bread was left upright throughout the baking process. Sponge cakes, leavened with beaten eggs, originated during the Renaissance, possibly in Spain. Cake decorating is one of the sugar arts requiring mathematics that uses icing or frosting and other edible decorative elements to make otherwise plain cakes more visually interesting. Alternatively, cakes can be moulded and sculpted to resemble threedimensional persons, places and things. In many areas of the world, decorated cakes are often a focal point of a special celebration such as a birthday, graduation, bridal shower, wedding, or anniversary. Mathematics are often used to bake and decorate cakes, especially in the following actions: y y y y y Measurement of Ingredients Calculation of Price and Estimated Cost Estimation of Dimensions Calculation of Baking Times Modification of Recipe according to scale

Part II (Question) Best Bakery shop received an order from your school to bake a 5 kg of round cake as shown in Diagram 1 for the Teachers Day celebration.

h cm

d cm Diagram 1 1) If a kilogram of cake has a volume of 3800cm3, and the height of the cake is to be 7.0 cm, calculate the diameter of the baking tray to be used to fit the 5 kg cake ordered by your school. [Use = 3.142]

2) The cake will be baked in an oven with inner dimensions of 80.0 cm in length, 60.0 cm in width and 45.0 cm in height.

a) If the volume of cake remains the same, explore by using different values of heights, hcm, and the corresponding values of diameters of the baking tray to be used, d cm. Tabulate your answers.

Height, h (cm) 1.0 2.0 3.0 : : :

Diameter, d (cm)

Table 1
(b) Based on the values in your table, (i) state the range of heights that is NOT suitable for the cakes and explain your answers. (ii) suggest the dimensions that you think most suitable for the cake. Give reasons for your answer. (i) Form an equation to represent the linear relation between h and d. Hence, plot a suitable graph based on the equation that you have formed. [You may draw your graph with the aid of computer software.] (a) If Best Bakery received an order to bake a cake where the height of the cake is 10.5 cm, use your graph to determine the diameter of the round cake pan required. (b) If Best Bakery used a 42 cm diameter round cake tray, use your graph to estimate the height of the cake obtained.

(c)

(ii)

3)

Best Bakery has been requested to decorate the cake with fresh cream. The thickness of the cream is normally set to a uniform layer of about 1 cm. (a) Estimate the amount of fresh cream required to decorate the cake using the dimensions that you have suggested in 2(b)(ii). Suggest three other shapes for cake, that will have the same height and volume as those suggested in 2(b)(ii). Estimate the amount of fresh cream to be used on each of the cakes. Based on the values that you have found which shape requires the least amount of fresh cream to be used?

(b)

(c)

PART II (Answers) 1)Given 1 kg = 3800 cm3 Let h = 7 cm 5 kg = 3800 x 5 = 19000 cm3 V = r2 h 19000 = 3.142 x r2 x 7 r2 = 19000 3.142 x 7 r2 = 863.872 r = 29.392 cm d = 2r d = 58.783 cm l=80cm

2) Maximum dimensions of cake: w=60cm

h=45cm Dimension of oven V V d2 = r2 h =3.142( )2h



19000=3.142( )2h  = d = a)
 

h/cm d/cm h/cm d/cm h/cm d/cm 16 38.88156297 31 27.93333944 1 155.5262519 17 37.72065671 32 27.49341684 2 109.9736674 18 36.65788912 33 27.07364537 3 89.79312339 19 35.68016921 34 26.67253215 4 77.76312594 20 34.77672715 35 26.2887347 5 69.5534543 21 33.93861056 36 25.92104198 6 63.49332645 22 33.15830831 37 25.56835831 7 58.78339783 23 32.42946528 38 25.2296896 8 54.98683368 24 31.74666323 39 24.90413158 9 51.84208396 25 31.10525037 40 24.59085959 10 49.18171919 26 30.50120743 41 24.28911983 11 46.89292932 27 29.93104113 42 23.99822167 12 44.89656169 28 29.39169891 43 23.71753106 13 43.13522122 29 28.88049994 44 23.44646466 14 41.56613923 30 28.39507881 45 23.18448477 15 40.15670556 b) i) h < 7 cm , h > 45 cm This is because any heights lower than 7 cm will result in the diameter of the cake being too big to fit into the baking oven while any heights higher than 45 cm will cause the cake being too tall to fit into the baking oven.

Part II (Answers) 2b) ii) I would suggest the dimensions of the cake to be 29 cm in height and approximately 29 cm in diameter. This is because a cake with these dimensions is more symmetrical and easier to decorate. 2c) i) V = r2 h V = 19000 cm3 r = d/2 19000 = 3.142 x (d/2)2 x h d2 = 19000 4 3.142 x (d2/4)
.

d2 =

76000 3.142 x h

d = 155.53 x h-1/2 log10 d = -1/2 log10 h + log10 155.53

log10 h
1 2 3 4

log10 d
1.691814 1.191814 0.691814 0.191814

2c) ii) a) When h = 10.5 cm, log10 h = 1.0212 According to the graph, log10 d = 1.7 when log10 h = 1.0212 Therefore, d = 50.12 cm b) When d = 42 cm, log10 d = 1.6232 According to the graph, log10 h = 1.2 when log10 d = 1.6232 Therefore, h = 15.85 cm Please turn over for graph answer

2(C)(i)

Part II Questions: 3) Best Bakery has been requested to decorate the cake with fresh cream. The thickness of the cream is normally set to a uniform layer of about 1 cm. (a) Estimate the amount of fresh cream required to decorate the cake using the dimensions that you have suggested in 2(b)(ii). Suggest three other shapes for cake, that will have the same height and volume as those suggested in 2(b)(ii). Estimate the amount of fresh cream to be used on each of the cakes. Based on the values that you have found which shape requires the least amount of fresh cream to be used?

(b)

(c)

Part II (Answers) 3) a) h = 29 cm r = 14.5 cm

d=29cm
r=14.5 cm

h=29 cm

Diagram 1: Cake without Cream 1 cm R=15.5cm 1 cm

H=30 cm

Diagram 2: Cake with Cream

and

To calculate volume of cream used, the cream is symbolised as the larger cylinder the cake is symbolised as the smaller cylinder. Vcream = R2H r2h Vcream = 3.142 x 15.52 x 30 19000 = 22646 19000 = 3646 cm3

3)

b) i) Square shaped cake l=25.6cm w=25.6cm

h=29.0cm

Estimated volume of cream used = 30 x 27.6 x 27.6 - 19000 = 22852.8 19000 = 3852.8 cm3 b) ii) Triangle shaped cake

Estimated volume of cream used = x 39.7 x 39.7 x 30 19000 = 23641.4 19000 = 4641.4 cm3 b) iii) Trapezium shaped cake

Estimated volume of cream used = x (28+42.5) x 22 x 30 - 19000 = 23265 19000 = 4265 cm3

3(b) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Shape of base Square shaped cake Triangle shaped cake Trapezium shaped cake Round shaped cake

Volume of cream used/cm3 3852.8 4641.4 4265.0 3646.0

* All estimations in the values are based on the assumption that the layer of cream is uniformly thick at 1 cm c) Based on the values I have obtained, the round-base shaped cake requires the least amount of fresh cream (3646.0 cm3)

Part III (Question) Find the dimension of a 5 kg round cake that requires the minimum amount of fresh cream to decorate. Use at least two different methods including Calculus. State whether you would choose to bake a cake of such dimensions. Give reasons for your answers. FURTHER EXPLORATION Best Bakery received an order to bake a multi-storey cake for Merdeka Day celebration, as shown in Diagram 2.

Diagram2 The height of each cake is 6.0 cm and the radius of the largest cake is 31.0 cm. The radius of the second cake is 10% less than the radius of the first cake, the radius of the third cake is 10% less than the radius of the second cake and so on. (a) Find the volume of the first, the second, the third and the fourth cakes. By comparing all these values, determine whether the volumes of the cakes form a number pattern? Explain and elaborate on the number patterns. If the total mass of all the cakes should not exceed 15 kg, calculate the maximum number of cakes that the bakery needs to bake. Verify your answer using other methods.

(b)

PART III(Answers) Answer: Conjecture:The best dimension of the cylindrical cake is that the base diameter is twice the height as the surface area is the best.

V= 19000 = h=


Vcream used,V = V= V= V= V= Subt 1 into 2 V = V= [ V=

(2r+1)+ +

Method 1: Table

Vcream used, V=

R 15 16 17 18 19 20

r 18.1 18.2 18.3

r 18.21 18.22 18.23

Vmin when r=18.22 , d=18.22x2 =36.44cm h= = 18.22 cm Answer: h = 18.22 cm, d=36.44cm when V is minimum

Method 2: Calculus(Differentiation) V= = = - + +2 =0 + +

For max/min value, 2 (r + 1) = 2 (r + 1) = 2 2 2 2  r = -1 (rejected) OR    = -2 

Ans: When r = 18.22cm , d = 18.22

= 36.44cm ,V is minimum

= 18.22cm

When r = 18.22 , Vmin

>0

Thus, Vmin when d = 36.44cm h = 18.22cm

Method III Graph

V is minimum when r = 18.22, d = 2(18.22) = 36.44 h= = 18.22 cm

Answer: r = 18.22cm, d=36.44cm, h =18.22cm when V is minimum.

FURTHER EXPLORATION

a) Volume of cake 1,V1 = r2 h = 3.142 x 31 x 31 x 6 = 18116.772 cm3 Volume of cake 3,V3 = r2 h = 3.142 x (0.9 x 0.9 x 31)2 x 6 = 3.142 x (25.11)2 x 6 = 11886.414 cm3

Volume of cake 2,V2 = r2 h = 3.142 x (0.9 x 31)2 x 6 = 3.142 x (27.9)2 x 6 = 14676.585 cm3 Volume of cake 4,V4 = r2 h = 3.142 x (0.9 x 0.9 x 0.9 x 31)2 x 6 = 3.142 x (22.599)2 x 6 = 9627.995 cm3

The values 18116.772, 14676.585, 11886.414, 9627.995 , form a number pattern. The pattern formed is a geometrical progression. This is proven by the fact that there is a common ratio between subsequent numbers, r = 0.81. V2= 14676.585 = 0.81 V1 18116.772 V4= 9627.995 = 0.81 V3 11886.414
.

V3=11886.414 = 0.81 V2 14676.585

b) Sn = a(1-rn) = 18116.772 ( 1-0.81n) 1-r 1-0.81 15 kg = 57000 cm3 57000 >Sn 57000 > 18116.772(1-0.81n) 0.19 10830 > 18116.772(1-0.81n) 0.5978 > 1-0.81n -0.4022 > - 0.81n 0.4022 < 0.81n log 0.4022< n log 0.81 log 0.4022> n log 0.81 4.322 >n n = 4 (Max)

Verification of answer If n = 4 Total volume of 4 cakes = 18116.772 cm3 + 14676.585 cm3 + 11886.414 cm3 + 9627.995 cm3 = 54307.766 cm3 <57000 cm3 OR Total mass of cakes = 14.29 kg <15kg If n = 5 Total volume of 5 cakes = 18116.772 cm3 + 14676.585 cm3 + 11886.414 cm3 + 9627.995 cm3 + 7798.676 cm3 = 62106.442 cm3 >57000 cm3 OR Total mass of cakes = 16.34 kg >15kg Total mass of cakes must not exceed 15 kg. Therefore, maximum number of cakes needed to be made = 4

Reflection In the process of conducting this project, I have learnt that perseverance pays off, especially when I obtain a just reward for all my hard work. For me, succeeding in completing this project work has been reward enough. I have also learnt that mathematics is used everywhere in daily life, from the most simple things like baking and decorating a cake, to designing and building monuments. Besides that, I have learned many moral values that I practice. This project work had taught me to be more confident when doing something especially the homework given by the teacher. I also learned to be a more disciplined student who is punctual and independent.Other than that ,I also learnt how to use computer and Internet to find information. The Additional Mathematics Song I realized that this subject is compulsory to me. Without it, I can't fulfill my big dreams and wishes.... I always tried to love every part of it Throughout day and night... I sacrificed my precious time to have fun.... From..Monday, Tuesday,Wednesday, Thursday,Friday And even the weekend that I always looking forward to....