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ICTJ World Report

Issue 2 July 2011

In Focus
Brazil: The Right Moment for Transitional Justice
Although Brazil's dictatorship ended years ago, focus on transitional justice there is peaking now, as debate stirs over how to best address its past. Recent developments - including the Brazilian government's proposal of a truth commission, the opening of national archives, and the InterAmerican Court of Human Rights' decision limiting the 1979 amnesty law - are at the core of the discussion. Eduardo Gonzalez, director of ICTJ's Truth and Memory Program, discusses the role accountability for the past can play in Brazil today.
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World Report
AFRICA Following weeks of border violence, north and South Sudan reached an agreement to disarm or integrate southern rebel forces into the northern army. ICC prosecutor Luis Moreno Ocampo requested authorization to open an investigation into possible crimes against humanity committed in Cote d'Ivoire following the 2010 presidential elections; President Ouattara announced a commission of inquiry into the atrocities. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) referred a 1994 genocide case to a Rwandan court, stating the national system is for the first time capable of meeting fair trial standards. By June 28, more than 2,000 people had applied as victims of the 2008 post-election violence in Kenya to take part in the ongoing "Ocampo Six" case before the ICC.
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AMERICAS Eight new trials of former military officials charged with crimes against humanity committed during Argentina's military dictatorship began. Former military chief of staff Hector Mario Lopez was arrested June 17 on charges of genocide and forced disappearance during Guatemala's civil war. The Canada Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) examining the 1870-1990's Indian Residential School system held its second national event June 27-July 1. The United States Supreme Court rejected an appeal made by 26 former Abu Ghraib inmates claiming war crimes violations; the U.S. Department of Justice opened a torture and war crimes investigation into the death of another Abu Ghraib detainee. Uruguay's President Jose Mujica announced he would reopen some 80 investigations into crimes committed during the 1973-1985 military dictatorship.
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ASIA The Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) opened proceedings in Case 002 against four former leaders of the Khmer Rouge regime charged with crimes against humanity and genocide. Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono held a meeting on implementing the Commission for Truth and Friendship (CTF) recommendations. The Bangladesh International Crimes Tribunal blocked media coverage of the proceedings against members of an Islamist political party accused of war crimes during the 1971 conflict. The Solomon Islands High Court will continue hearings July 22 in a case against four men accused of crimes committed during the "tensions" in 1998-2003.
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EUROPE The coalition for RECOM held an International Forum for Transitional Justice to evaluate the results of processes of transitional justice in the former Yugoslavia. The trial of Ratko Mladic, former Bosnian Serb military commander accused of genocide and other crimes committed during 1991-2001 war in Bosnia, is scheduled to resume in early July.
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MENA A Tunisian court sentenced former president Ben Ali to 35 years imprisonment in absentia for embezzlement and misuse of public funds. Tunisia ratified the Rome Statute of the ICC. The ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I issued arrest warrants for Muammar Gaddafi and two other officials for crimes against humanity allegedly committed in Libya in February 2011. King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa of Bahrain announced a commission to investigate allegations of rights violations during crackdowns on civil protests. The criminal trial of ousted President Hosni Mubarak is scheduled to start August 3. The Egyptian prosecutor general announced intention to create a committee to investigate torture cases filed before or after the January 2011 uprising. The Special Tribunal for Lebanon, investigating the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri, issued an indictment and four arrest warrants.

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Publications
Human Rights and Transitional Justice in the 2011 World Development Report
The World Bank's 2011 World Development Report (WDR) is the the first WDR that links transitional justice to security and development and places human rights violations at the heart of its analysis of conflict. ICTJ has produced a fact sheet outlining the core findings of the report as they pertain to transitional justice.
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Upcoming Events
July 19 - 21, 2011

Strengthening Indigenous Rights through Truth Commissions

Location: New York View Details

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