) Necessity (
)
should, ought to, must, have to, have got
to, need
*
(Advice)
should, ought to
should
should/ ought to = that course of action would be a good idea; it would be
the best thing to do.
should
ought
to
(
)/ ()
should
ought to present time () future time
- . You should/ ought to try and lose some weight.
. We should /ought to be leaving soon.
. You shouldnt/ oughtnt to take any notice of him. He always upset you.
. Should we/ Ought we to tell Ann where were going?
should ought to I think../ Do you think..?/ Dont you think..?
- Dont you think you should/ ought to stop seeing him?
(Implied Condition) If clause (If I were
you) I ought to
I should
- Everythings going to be all right. I should stop worrying about it. (if I were
you)
*
must
strong
advice,
strong
recommendations
invitation (
)
)
must,
mustnt
()
have
to
obligation
) have
to modal verb
ordinary verb verb
must
have
to
- have
to-
(obligation)
external
( obligation
)
must obligation /
- . We must get up early tomorrow; weve got a lot to do.
(
)
. Passengers must fasten their seat belts.
(obligation notice airline
)
( Subject
Must
Have to
. Children must wear school uniform at all times when they are in school.
( Subject
)
. You mustnt smoke in here. ( in here
)
. Well have to get there before 5 oclock because the shops close then.
. Do you have to pay for the tickets in advance?
* Have got to obligation
have
got to
have
to
have
to
have
got
to
have
to
(habitual
actions)
(single actions)
- . I have to get the bus into work today.
. I have to get the bus into work everyday.
have got to single actions habitual actions
- I have got to get the bus into work today
I have got to get the bus into work everyday
obligation
mustnt
dont
have to
Dont have to
- . You mustnt wait here.
(
)
. You dont have to wait here.
(
had to
- . I had to report the incident to the police.
. Did you have to get a visa?
Note
must + perfect infinitive
* need
need modal verb
- . You neednt come if you dont want to.
. Need I bring anything with me?
need
ordinary
verb
to-infinitive
)
. We didnt need to/ didnt have to get up early this morning because we
had no lecture.
( )
Note
need + perfect infinitive
A.M.K.