Airport Landside Analysis and Modeling (2)

Dr. Antonio A. Trani Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Tech

June 12-13, 2002

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Material Presented in this Section

Sizing Other Spaces at the Terminal

Apron Areas Departure lounges Parking facilities Cargo terminals

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Apron Areas

Apron areas provide space to service aircraft Also serve to park them overnight and during ight layovers

Commuter traffic at DFW (2 Saab 340s)

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Apron Service Diagram (Airbus A340)

Used to determine apron and boarding gate configurations

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Aircraft Service Port Diagram

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Apron Equipment Table (IATA)

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Sample Apron Area Service Equipment

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Ramp Services are VeryLabor Intensive

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Unusual Terminal Areas

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Aircraft Parking Congurations

Three types of parking congurations have been used at most airports:

Taxi-in and Push-out Taxi-in and Taxi-out (front) Taxi-in and Taxi-out (back) The conguration depends largely on the terminal design system employed

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Parking Congurations (IATA)

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Parking Congurations (IATA)

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Apron-Terminal Flexible Design

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Aircraft Turning Capabilities

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Apron Area Dynamic Analysis

Several computer programs exist to study aircraft movements in the apron areas Autoturn from Transoft is one example of such program Dynamic turn analysis Aircraft exhaust plume analysis

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Sample Autoturn Analysis

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Autotun Aircraft Analysis

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Determining Gate Capacity at the Airport

Gates can be a critical asset at many airports The number of gates is usually determined using simple demand and supply analysis formulas Gates can be owned by airlines (leased from the airport authority)

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Gate Analysis (Ashfords Method)

Aircraft Parking and Gate Analysis Can be executed using ramp (sort of Gantt) charts where ights are plotted against time over a 24 hr. period. Gantt charts show activities over time

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Gate Analysis (Ashfords Method)

A simple formula to estimate the number of gates proposed by Norman Ashford is:
F U = ----------G(S)

U = Utilization factor (0-1) F = No. of ights G = No. of gates available S = Slots per day Usually S = 20-30 per day (24 hour period)

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Loading Gates

Come in many avors and sizes Large articulated units able to serve Wide-body aircraft Small units serving regional jets

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Loading Gates

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Waiting Lounges

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Waiting Lounges

Dimensionally departure lounges has been sized using static measures of effectiveness (IATA standard) ITA Standard for Departure Lounges IATA Waiting and circulation areas more than 15 min. Architectural standard with baggage 8.5 ft2/acft. seat. >10.8 ft2/person 15 ft2/person

Many airlines use 15 ft2/Pax @ 87%* load factor * 87% of passengers are at the waiting lounge 15 min. before departure.

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Waiting Lounges (Examples)

DFW Airport

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Waiting Lounge Sizing

Let n = 150 Passengers (medium-size transport) S = 15 ft/Passenger standard L = 0.87 (87% Load Factor) A = 2600 ft2 Area of Dept. lounge Find max. service volume. (SV)
A S V = --------------- = 199Pax (L)(S)

@ 15 ft2/Pax.

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Parking Facilities at Airports

Charlotte-Douglas Intl. Airport (North Carolina)

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The Curbside at the Airport

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Control Towers at Airports ASDE Radars

Washington Dulles

DFW Airport
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Control Towers Denver Intl. Airport

Oklahoma City
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Baggage Systems

Not to be understimated Some systems are very complex Direct feed systems Remote feed systems Plenty of automation these days Some system scarry 15,000 bags per hour

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Baggage Systems (Remote Feed System)

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Baggage Systems (Departure)

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Baggage Systems (Automated Sorting)

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Direct Feed System (Hart)

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Direct Feed System (IATA)

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Baggage Claim Systems Remote Feed System

Direct Feed System

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References
1) IATA. Airport Development Reference Manual: 8th Edition. International Airline Transport Association, Montreal, 1995.

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