OOPS With Java-2 What is bytecode? Explain. Java is both interpreted and compiled.

The code is complied to a bytecode that is binary and platform independent. When the program has to be executed, the code is fetched into the memory and interpreted on the users machine. As an interpreted language, Java has simple syntax. When you compile a piece of code, all errors are listed together. You can execute only when all the errors are rectified. An interpreter, on the other hand, verifies the code and executes it line by line. Only when the execution reaches the statement with error, the error is reported. This makes it easy for a programmer to debug the code. The drawback is that this takes more time than compilation.

Compilation is the process of converting the code that you type, into a language that the computer understands machine language. When you compile a program using a compiler, the compiler checks for syntactic errors in code and list all the errors on the screen. You have to rectify the errors and recompile the program to get the machine language code. The Java compiler compiles the code to a bytecode that is understood by the Java environment.Bytecode is the result of compiling a Java program. You can execute this code on any platform. In other words, due to the bytecode compilation process and interpretation by a browser, Java programs can be executed on a variety of hardware and operating systems. The only requirement is that the system should have a Java-enabled Internet browser. The Java interpreter can execute Java code directly on any machine on which a Java interpreter has been installed.a Java program can run on any machine that has a Java interpreter. The bytecode supports connection to multiple databases. Java code is portable. Therefore, others can use the programs that you write in Java, even if they have different machines with different operating

systems. Bytecode is a highly optimized set of instructions designed to be executed by the Java runtime system, which is called the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). That is, in its standard form, the JVM is an interpreter for bytecode. This may come as a bit of surprise.Translating a Java program into bytecode helps it to run much easier in a wide variety of environments. The reason is straightforward: only the JVM needs to be implemented for each platform. Once the run-time package exists for a given system, any Java program can run on it. Remember, although the details of the JVM will differ from platform to platform, all interpret the same Java bytecode. If a Java program was compiled to native code, then different versions of the same program should exist for each type of CPU connected to the Internet. This is, of course, not a feasible solution. Thus, the interpretation of bytecode is the easiest way to create truly portable programs. 2.How do you compile a Java program?

The programs that you write in Java should be saved in a file, which has the following name format: <class_name>.java

Compiling A program is a set of instructions. In order to execute a program, the operating system needs to understand the language. The only language an operating system understands is in terms of 0s and 1s i.e. the binary language. Programs written in language such as C and C++ are converted to binary code during the compilation process. However, that binary code can be understood only by the operating system for which the program is compiled. This makes the program or application as operating system dependent.

In Java, the program is compiled into bytecode (.class file) that run on the Java Virtual Machine, which can interpret and run the program on any operating system. This makes Java programs platform-independent.

At the command prompt, type javac <filename>.java to compile the Java program.

3.What do you mean by operator precedence?

When more than one operator is used in an expression, Java will use operator precedence rule to determine the order in which the operators will be evaluated. For example, consider the following expression: Result=10+5*8-15/5 In the above expression, multiplication and division operations have higher priority over the addition and subtraction. Hence they are performed first. Now, Result = 10+40-3. Addition and subtraction has the same priority. When the operators are having the same priority, they are evaluated from left to right in the order they appear in the expression. Hence the value of the result will become 47. In general the following priority order is followed when evaluating an expression:

 Increment and decrement operations. Arithmetic operations. Comparisons. Logical operations. Assignment operations.

To change the order in which expressions are evaluated, parentheses are placed around the expressions that are to be evaluated first. When the parentheses are nested together, the expressions in the innermost parentheses are evaluated first. Parentheses also improve the readability of the expressions. When the operator precedence is not clear, parentheses can be used to avoid any confusion.

4.What is an array? Explain with examples. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////// For full Version visit http://smudeassignments.blogspot.com/

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