1.

NAME OF DRUG

CLASSIFICATION

MECHANISM OF ACTION

INDICATION

CONTRAINDICATION

SIDE EFFECTS

NURS

4. Ampicillin Generic Name: Ampicillin Trade Name: Unasyn Contents: Ampicillin Sodium Patients Dose: 1.5 mg IVTT q8 ANST Max and min dose: males over 40 kg: Two 500 mg doses IV or IM at an interval of 8 to 12 hr. Repeat treatment if necessary. In complicated gonorrheal urethritis, prolonged and intensive therapy is recommended. Route: IVTT Drug Availability Ampicillin oral: Capsules (trihydrate): 250 mg, 500 mg; Powder for oral suspension: 125 mg/5ml, 250 mg/5 ml Ampicillin sodium, parenteral: Powder for injection: 250 mg, 500 mg, 1 gram, 2 grams Therapeutic: Antibiotic Pharmacologic: Penicillin Pregnancy Category: B Action/Kinetics: Synthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic suitable forb gram-negative bacteria. Acid resistant, destroyed by penicillinase. Pharmacokinetics: Absorbed more slowly than other penicillns. From 30 to 60% of PO dose absorbed from GI tract. Peak serum levels; PO: 1.8 to 2.9 mcg/ml. Skin and Skin Structure Infections caused by beta-lactamase producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli,* Klebsiella spp.* (including K. pneumoniae*), Proteus mirabilis,* Bacteroides fragilis,* Enterobacter spp.,* and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus.* Intra-Abdominal Infections caused by beta-lactamase producing strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. (including K. pneumoniae*), Bacteroides spp. (including B. fragilis), and Enterobacter spp.* Gynecological Infections caused by beta-lactamase producing strains of Escherichia coli,* and Bacteroides spp A history of a previous hypersensitivity reaction to any of the penicillins is a contraindication. Ampicillin is also contraindicated in infections caused by penicillinase-producing organisms. Gastrointestinal: glositis, stamatitis, nausea, vomiting, enterocolitis, pseudomembranous colitis, and diarrhea. These reactions are usually associated with oral dosage forms of the drugs. Hypersensitivity Reactions: An erythematous, mildly pruritic, maculopapular skin rash has been reported fairly frequently. The rash, which usually does not develop within the first week of therapy, may cover the entire body including the soles, palms, and oral mucosa. The eruption usually disappears in three to seven days. Other hypersensitivity reactions that have been reported are: skin rash, pruritus, urticaria, erythema multiforme, and an occasional case of exfoliative dermatitis. Anaphylaxis is the most serious reaction experienced and has usually been associated with the parenteral dosage form of the drug Note: Urticaria, other skin rashes, and serum sickness-like

Before: 1. Obs dru 2. Mon 3. For ster 4. Mus adm pre 5. For reco of t D5W sug

During 1. Give 10-1 50-1 15-3 2. Doc cha 3. Not this 4. Mon and ren 5. Dur ther S&S

After: 1. In a 2. In b 3. In in p d

reactions may be controlled by antihistamines, and if necessary, systemic corticosteroids. Whenever such reactions occur, ampicillin should be discontinued unless, in the opinion of the physician, the condition being treated is lifethreatening, and amenable only to ampicillin therapy. Serious anaphylactoid reactions require emergency measures (see WARNINGS). Liver: Moderate elevation in serum glutamic oxalaacetic transaminase (SGOT) has been noted, but the significance of this finding is unknown. Hemic and Lymphatic Systems: Anemia, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopenic purpura, eosinophilia, leukapenia, and agranulacytosis have been reported during therapy with penicillins. These reactions are usually reversible on discontinuation of therapy and are believed to be hypersensitivity phenomena. Other: Other adverse

reactions that have been reported with the use at ampicillin are laryngeal stride and high fever. An occasional patient may complain of sore mouth or tongue as with any oral penicillin preparation.