LRFD Prestressed Beam Design

LRFD Bridge Design Workshop June 12, 2007 David Dahlberg, P.E. LRFD Engineer

Presentation Overview
Prestress Losses Vertical Shear Methods Interface Shear Variable Resistance Factor Computer Program Capabilities

Prestress Losses
LRFD 2005 Interims included major revisions to prestress losses Included changes to refined and approximate prestress loss methods New refined losses method much more complicated than previous refined method

Prestress Losses
Instantaneous losses
Elastic shortening (same as before)

Time-dependent losses
Computed for 2 time periods: 1) from transfer to deck placement 2) from deck placement to end of life Includes shrinkage, creep, and strand relaxation

Prestress Losses
Include both losses(+) and gains(-)
Anything that causes prestress strands to shorten or relax will result in a loss, e.g. - shrinkage of beam concrete Anything that causes prestress strands to lengthen or increase in tension will result in a gain, e.g. - shrinkage of deck concrete

Prestress Losses
MnDOT continued using pre-2005 interim refined loss method New loss method was studied and errors in sign convention were found Errors were corrected in 4th Edition of 2007 except

Prestress Losses
Shrinkage of deck concrete fpSS :
defined as a gain fcdf will have a negative value

Prestress Losses
LRFD Eqn 5.9.5.4.1-1 subtracts the already negative fpSS , essentially treating it as a loss:

Prestress Losses
New approximate loss method:
Easily computed For members with V/S 3.5

Prestress Losses
Comparisons were made between the old and new methods Significant reduction in losses over previous method Use of new method could create rating problems unless new losses are used in the rating

Prestress Losses
Comparison results:
Beam Type Span ft 62.3 116.8 130.0 Prestress Losses Spacing Old Refined New Refined New Approx ft ksi ksi ksi 9.0 9.0 9.0 62.9 66.5 63.4 44.8 46.3 46.1 47.8 51.6 49.5

27M MN54 72M

Prestress Losses
Comparison results:
Beam Type Span ft 130.0 Spacing ft 9.0 Number of Strands each 44

72M, Original Design

72M, Redesign

130.0

9.0

38

Prestress Losses
Old method is gone, so must move on and choose either new refined method or new approximate method

Prestress Losses
MnDOT Bridge Office policy:
For prestressed I-beam designs, use the new approximate prestress loss method given in LRFD 5.9.5.3 As in the past, do not transform prestress strands in your design Designers to provide prestress loss values to rating engineer for input into Virtis

Vertical Shear Methods

LRFD 2007 4th Edition includes 3 shear methods:
LRFD 5.8.3.4.1 - Simplified procedure for nonprestressed sections LRFD 5.8.3.4.2 - General procedure New LRFD 5.8.3.4.3 - Simplified procedure for prestressed & nonprestressed sections

Vertical Shear Methods

Some background:
Since beginning of LRFD Spec in 1994, there were complaints about the shear procedure because it requires iteration and is too complicated Simplified procedure was desired NCHRP Project 12-61 resulted in NCHRP Report 549 Simplified Shear Design of Structural Concrete Members

Vertical Shear Methods

New LRFD 5.8.3.4.3 simplified procedure
Utilizes a Vci and Vcw approach similar to the Standard Specifications Unified to include both conventionally reinforced and prestressed sections

Vertical Shear Methods :

New LRFD 5.8.3.4.3
LRFD Vci

Std Specs Vci

Vertical Shear Methods : New LRFD 5.8.3.4.3

LRFD Vcw

Std Specs Vcw

Vertical Shear Methods

New shear limitation per LRFD 5.8.3.2

Vertical Shear Methods

LRFD Interim 2008?
Similar to CSA A23.3-04 with and determined by equations for no iteration With min Vs Without min Vs

Vertical Shear Methods

LRFD Interim 2008?
Strain equation revised for no iteration

Current general procedure to be placed in Section 5 appendix

Vertical Shear Methods

MnDOT Bridge Office recommendation:
Continue to use LRFD 5.8.3.4.1 for conventionally reinforced pier caps and footings (with = 2 and = 45 degrees) Continue to use the LRFD 5.8.3.4.2 general procedure for prestressed sections (at least for this year, anyway!)

Interface Shear
LRFD 2007 4th Edition included revisions to interface shear provisions Previous method required a substantial amount of interface shear reinforcement if Vu due to all loads was used MnDOT followed PCI Bridge Design Manual procedure which designed only for live load and superimposed dead load (loading added after deck hardened) PCI procedure did not require additional reinforcement to resist interface shear

Interface Shear
Cohesion values increased significantly (previous value was 0.10 ksi) Deck on concrete girder was made a separate case Vu based on all loads

Interface Shear
Study results:
Beam Type Span ft 27M 27M 36M 81M 62.3 52.5 66.0 122.0 Spacing ft 9.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 Old LRFD Method Required A v f in2/ft 0.74 0.93 0.80 0.30 New LRFD Method Required Av f in2/ft 0.30 0.35 0.30 0.19

Variable Resistance Factor

LRFD 2005 interims eliminated c/d max reinforcement limit and replaced with a variable resistance factor The resistance factor drops below 1.0 for prestressed flexural members when they become overreinforced Will rarely have an effect on beam designs except ped bridges where slab is below top flange

Computer Program Capabilities

Conspan
Losses
Currently gives choice of old refined, new refined, and new approximate losses

Vertical and horizontal shear:

December 2007 (?) release

Variable factor:
December 2007 (?) release

Computer Program Capabilities

PSBeam
Losses
Currently gives choice of old and new refined losses

Horizontal shear and variable factor :

June 2007 (?) release

Approximate losses and vertical shear in a near future release

Computer Program Capabilities

Opis
Losses
Currently only new approximate loss method available and new refined loss method is on possible enhancement list

Vertical and horizontal shear:

Fall 2007 (?) release

Variable factor:
Fall 2007 (?) release

Questions