Fourth-generation language

Often abbreviated 4GL, fourth-generation languages are programming languages closer to human languages than typical high-level programming languages. Most 4GLs are used to accessdatabases. For example, a typical 4GL command is FIND ALL RECORDS WHERE NAME IS "SMITH" The other four generations of computer languages are y y y y first generation: machine language second generation: assembly language Third generation: high-level programming languages, such as C, C++, and Java. Fifth generation: languages used for artificial intelligence and neural networks.

How do you know when you need a server? How is a server different from a How much memory and disk space will it need?

What are storage area

Fourth Generati on Languag

Will I have to replace it in six months?

Can I use a high-end desktop in place of a Do I need more than one

How much will a server cost?

1. How is a Server Different from a Desktop?

o o o o o Server different from a Desktop? Main Differences Server Hardware Server OS Server Considerations

y Server different from a Desktop?

Many people mistakenly believe that a server is no different from a typical desktop computer. This couldn't be further from the truth. While almost any computer that meets the minimum hardware requirements can run a server operating system that alone does not make a desktop computer a true server. Even if the desktop computer had similar processor speeds, memory and storage capacity compared to a server, it still isn't a replacement for a real server. The technologies behind them are engineered for different purposes.

y Main Differences
A desktop computer system typically runs a user-friendly operating system and desktop applications to facilitate desktop-oriented tasks. In contrast, a server manages all network resources. Servers are often dedicated (meaning it performs no other task besides server tasks). Because a server is engineered to manage, store, send and process data 24-hours a day it has to be more reliable than a desktop computer and offers a variety of features and hardware not typically used in the average desktop computer.

y Server Hardware
One of the best choices for a small business is a dedicated server built from the ground up as a file server to provide features and expansion options that a desktop computer lacks. Some server hardware decisions you will need to make include the following: 1. Form Factor: For small businesses, the best choice is a dedicated entry-level server in a tower configuration. 2. Processor: Choose a server-specific processor to boost performance and data throughput. 3. Memory: Buy as much memory as you can afford and look for expansion slots for future upgrades. 4. Storage: Look for SATA or SCSI hard disks, not IDE.

y Server OS

The operating system (OS) is the software platform on top of which other programs will run. Choosing a server operating system is no easy task. The specific operating system you go with will depend on what the server is going to be mainly used for. For basic file servers a small business should choose an operating system that staff will be the most comfortable with. Another issue to consider is if you have any application that is bestsuited to a particular operating system.

y Server Considerations

For the average home user looking for a basic, infrequently used server a built from an old desktop computer could work. For the small business owner, however, the question to ask is: Do you really want to trust your business data and processes to just any old hardware? Most small businesses will be far happier with a computer that is readymade to be a dedicated server than with one that began life as a standard desktop computer. If your company's data is at all important to you, it is the only way to go.

2- What are Storage Area Networks?

o o o o o What are Storage Area Networks? SAN Explained Advantages of SANs SAN Implementation Do I Need a SAN?

y What are Storage Area Networks?

A Storage Area Network (SAN) is a high-speed subnetwork of shared storage devices. Many IT organizations today debate whether the advantages of implementing a storage area network (SAN) justify the associated costs. So, should you be moving away from your current storage strategy and towards a Storage Area Network (SAN)? Continue reading to learn about the storage area network and its role in modern network environments.

y SAN Explained
Even the most complex technologies provide the most basic of functions. This is certainly true of Storage Area Networks (SANs). A Storage Area Network is a high-speed sub network of shared storage devices. A SAN's architecture works in a way that makes all storage devices available to all servers on a LAN or WAN. As more storage devices are added to a SAN, they too will be accessible from any server in the larger network. A Storage Area Network can be anything from two servers on a network accessing a central pool of storage devices to several thousand servers accessing many millions of megabytes of storage.

y Advantages of SANs
Storage Area Networks (SANs) allow storage devices to exist on their own separate network and communicate directly with each other over very fast media. SANs address the bandwidthbottlenecks commonly associated with LAN-based server storage and the scalability limitations found with SCSI bus based implementations. The advantages of SANs are numerous, but perhaps one of the best examples is that of the serverlessbackup. This system allows a disk storage device to copy data directly to a backup device across the high-speed links of the SAN without any intervention from a server. Data is kept on the SAN, which means the transfer does not pollute the LAN, and the server processing resources are still available to client systems. These advantages have led to an increase in the popularity of SANs as they are better suited to address the data storage needs of data-intensive networks.

y SAN Implementation
Storage Area Networks (SANs) are most commonly implemented using a technology called Fibre channel. Fibre Channel is a set of communication standards that supports very fast data rates. Devices on the Storage Area Network are normally connected together through a special kind of switch, called a Fibre Channel switch that acts as a connectivity point for the devices. This provides a dedicated path between the devices in the SAN fabric so that they can use of the entire bandwidth for the duration of the communication.

y Do I Need a SAN?
Bring it all Together: So, the question that remains is this: Should you be moving away from your current storage strategy and towards a Storage Area Network (SAN)? The answer is not a simple one. If you have the need to centralize or streamline your data storage then a SAN may be right for you. The price tag of SAN equipment may still be outside the reach of small businesses. If this is the case your business may need to investigate other types of storage networking technologies such as Direct Attached Storage (DAS) or Network Attached Storage (NAS).

3- How do you know when you need a server?

o o o o o Do I Need a Server? The Mistake SMBs Make Server 101 Server Benefits Find the Right Server

y Do I Need a Server?
Does your business have more than 5 employees? If your answer is Yes, then your business should be using a server network. Continue reading to better understand the benefits of server technology. While implementing a network is not a trivial or inexpensive undertaking, the benefits you gain by adding a server to your computing environment far outweigh any shortcomings.

y The Mistake SMBs Make

It is surprising that the majority of companies never bother implementing a client/server based network. Instead they just continued adding on workstations to their old peer-topeer network. Peer-to-peer networks don't provide you with much in the way of security and resource sharing. So, not surprisingly, they often have problems accessing workstations, lose data due to viruses or spyware, or experience intermittent Internet problems. PCs networked in a peer-to-peer fashion are adequate when you only have a few users on the network, but once you have more than 5 or 6 users on your network, then you really need to consider investing in a network server. Nevertheless, convincing a small business owner to make this type of investment can be a hard sell. Unlike large corporations, small businesses don't have the benefit of an IT department and/or the deep pockets necessary to maintain a complex IT infrastructure. However, network servers don't have to be overly expensive or complex for you to benefit from them.

y Server 101
But what exactly is a Server? Many people are under the misconception that a server is no different from a typical desktop PC. This couldn't be further from the truth. While almost any PC that meets the minimum hardware requirements can run the server operating system, that doesn't make it a true server. A desktop system is optimized to run a user-friendly operating system, desktop applications, and facilitate other desktop oriented tasks. Even if the desktop had similar processor speeds, memory and storage capacity, it still isn't a replacement for a real server. The technologies behind them are engineered for different purposes A server is engineered to manage, store, send and process data, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 356 days a year. For these reasons, servers need to be far more reliable than their desktop counterparts. In order to accomplish this, servers offer a variety of features not typically found in a desktop PC. Some servers will include: - Duel processors; either equipped or capable - Redundant hard drives or power supplies - Hot swappable components - Are scalable; to meet current, as well as future needs - Can process data faster and more efficiently So now that you know what makes up a server, what can a server do for you? Some of the more important ones are the following: - File and Network security - Increased reliability - Centralized data storage and shared resources - Virus Management - Centralized Backup

y y y y y y y y y y y

y Server Benefits
y #1 File and Network security The most important role of a file server is the network security it provides. By creating individual user and group accounts, rights can be assigned to the data stored on the network preventing unauthorized users from accessing materials they shouldn't be viewing. For example, the sales team doesn t need access to employee personal records which should only be accessible by HR. #2 Increased reliability; decreased workflow interruptions Many servers are equipped with redundant power supplies. With a secondary power supply running in tandem, the loss of one of the power supplies doesn't affect normal system operations. The same goes for a server's storage system. Unlike an average desktop PC that uses a single hard drive, a server will typically use multiple hard drives working in a RAID configuration to prevent data loss or an interruption in workflow. In addition, many servers are also equipped with hot swappable hard drives and power supplies. These hot swappable components allow you to replace faulty hardware without interrupting the entire office. In addition, since all employee data is being stored on the network, if a user's workstation fails mid-workday, employees can access the same files from another workstation. #3 Centralized data storage and shared resources With a network server, all of the users on the network can make use of various network resources right from their desks, increasing efficiently. Some of these resources include the following: - Centralized data storage (RAID Array) - Network Attached Storage (NAS) Devices - CD/DVD Towers - Printers and Fax servers #4 Virus Management One of the greatest threats to your network is the possibility of infection from viruses, spyware and spam. So having good, updated, anti-virus software installed on your systems is a necessity. In an office of 10 people or less, systems can be maintained individually. Anything more than that, though, can become a real burden. In those circumstances, an anti-virus package that combines workstation and server virus protection into a single solution makes more sense.

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#5 Centralized Backup All businesses should backup their data on a regular basis. By having all of your company and employee data stored in one location, backups can be performed reliably and quickly. So you'll never need to worry about what data is stored on what workstation as you do in a peer-to-peer network. Today, almost any media type can be used for backup purposes. In addition to the traditional tape drive, CDs, DVDs, removal storage and even Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices are acceptable. Your choice of media will depend on your specific backup requirements. Depending on your budget and your data retention needs, any of these would be an acceptable solution. Make sure you have at least a scheduled weekly backup, although a daily would be better.

y Find the Right Server

A true server operating system makes all of this possible, and you're going to need to invest in a good one to get the most out of your new hardware. When it comes to choosing an operating system for your server, there really aren't a lot of options Windows or Linux. A Linux-based OS does a fine job. It's reliable and has modest hardware requirements. No matter which you choose, you'll need a qualified technician to install and configure them properly.

4- How Much Memory and Disk Space Will My Server Need?

o o o o
o

Server Memory and Disk Space Server Role Number of Users Server Demands Wrapping It Up

y Server Memory and Disk Space

Once you've determined that your small or mid-sized business can benefit from transitioning to a server-based network (as opposed to a peer-to-peer network), the next step is to start researching the type of server that will best meet your organization's demands and what that server will need in terms of hardware and software requirements. Today we'll address two of your server s most important hardware considerations, the amount of memory (RAM) and storage (typically hard disk drive space). Servers are designed to meet a wide array of needs and accommodate nearly any number of users. While a server's flexibility and scalability are two of its biggest selling points, the downside to this is that it makes it extremely difficult to provide a simple, precise answer to the question of how much memory and storage space will be needed when implementing a new server. Each case needs to be researched based on a number of factors, most notably: - How will the server be used - How many users will the server need to accommodate, both now and in the future - The types of demands users will be placing on the server, both now and in the future

y Server Role
Servers are designed to efficiently provide shared applications and resources to individual computers over a network. Specifically, a server can be responsible for providing access to: - Databases - Websites - Email - Files and applications - Video and other multimedia-based content - Terminal services for remote access - Collaboration and chatting - Any combination of the above Each type of role creates different data processing and information storage needs, which directly impacts the amount of memory and hard drive space a server needs for optimal performance. A file server, for example, is likely to need less memory and more storage space than other types of servers as a result of its primary function involving a greater emphasis on data transfer than data processing. In theory, your server can never have too much memory or storage space, but in reality cost and space limitations make it a necessity to determine an amount that will best fit what your server will be used for while balancing these needs with your organizational or departmental budgetary constraints. The good news is that in most cases both RAM and storage space can be increased fairly easily, allowing you to increase your server's performance as its role expands over time, or as the number of users it needs to support increases.

y Number of Users
The correlation between the number of users a server will be supporting and the amount of memory needed is very high. A server whose number of users consistently exceeds the amount of memory available will see performance suffer as the server has to tap into utilizing hard disk drive storage space for virtual memory, which is considerably slower than physical memory. As a result, the amount of memory in a server directly impacts the number of concurrent users that it can support, as well as the number of applications the users can concurrently use to interact with the server. An important consideration, though, is the maximum amount of RAM the server's operating system can utilize. As an example, the standard editions of Windows Server,

including Windows Server 2008, can only support a maximum of 4 GB of RAM, whereas the enterprise and datacenter editions can scale from 32 GB up to 2 TB, depending on the specific version of Windows Server used. When it comes to storage space, many organizations initially gauge their server's amount of storage based on the number of users the server is expected to accommodate, but the correlation between storage space and users isn't as high as the memory side of the equation. A more important gauge of how much storage is needed involves the types of demands users are expected to place on the server.

y Server Demands
The types of demands users are expected to place on the server are directly related in most cases to the role (or roles) the server is expected to be responsible for, which we covered in the previous slide. What your users will be accessing on the server and working with will determine how much memory and storage you can expect each user to need. In terms of storage, disk quotas can be applied to track and control each individual user's disk space, helping to prevent the server from filling to capacity without warning. Quotas can also be applied on a per-user basis if some users have needs that necessitate additional storage space. As an example, if a file server has a limit of 250 MB per user but you find that some users need to exceed that limit, these users can be provided with higher limits (500 MB or 1 GB, for example). The key is to set quotas that will allow you to accommodate your initial number of users and their needs while retaining enough unused storage space to accommodate user growth or evolving data storage needs. And as mentioned earlier, additional storage space and memory can be added to a server fairly easily and inexpensively in most cases without needing to replace the server. On the memory side of the equation, additional memory will allow users to retrieve information from the server more quickly as well as run more server-based applications concurrently without seeing any performance degradation.

y Wrapping It Up
Servers have many roles and support all types of users, which unfortunately means there are no universal "one size fits all" guidelines when it comes to determining how much memory and storage a given server will need in order to operate efficiently. However, by planning out what your server will be used for as well as the number of users it will support and the types of demands your users will place on the server, you can start to get a much clearer picture of the RAM and hard drive space you'll need in order to implement a server that optimally performs both now and well into the future.

5- Will I Have to Replace My Server in Six Months

o o o o o Will I Have to Replace My Server in Six Months Server Life Expectancy When Should I Replace My Server? Cost-to-Performance Ratio Server Replacement Options Summary

y Will I Have to Replace My Server in Six Months

Once you've determined that your business needs a server and you've started researching how much it will all cost, you may find yourself concerned with the prospect of having to replace your new server in six months or so. Before investing in a new server, you need to consider its applications, storage, processor, and form factor, as well as the server's life expectancy and ROI.

y Server Life Expectancy

How Long Will My Server Last? As with many purchases, in general you get what you pay for when buying a server. While a server purchased or acquired on a tight budget may only meet the needs of your business for a limited time or may become obsolete quicker than expected, the good news is that since servers are typically configured with built-in redundancy and high-quality, enterprise-grade components, in most cases you can expect your server to last much longer than six months. Some servers can keep running smoothly up to a decade or longer, especially if they're used in less-demanding roles or if they support only a limited number of users. However, the more realistic timeframe for the life expectancy of a server is between three and five years. There are several key reasons to consider either replacing your server or transitioning it to handle less mission-critical tasks as it gets closer to four or five years of age.

y When Should I Replace My Server?

How will you know when it's time to replace your server? Ideally, you'll replace your server before it ever has a chance to break down, as most business can ill afford the downtime that comes from having a mission-critical server fail. For this reason, servers are typically replaced when the server service contract expires or when the cost-toperformance ratio gets too high. Server service contract expiration The purchase of a server typically includes a limited-period service contract through either the server vendor or a third-party service. Once this service contract is up it typically becomes very expensive to extend or add a new service contract it s not uncommon for a 1-year contract extension in year 5 or 6 of the server's life to cost close to half what a new server would cost. As a result, when a company's vendor service contract expires, most businesses either replace the server or transition it to handle tasks that aren't as critical to the ongoing operation of the business.

y Cost-to-Performance Ratio
The costs associated with your server's ongoing maintenance as well as employee productivity need to be weighed against the server's ability to perform its tasks efficiently and effectively. Once you start to see performance degradation in your server or when components start to show signs of wearing down, you can expect increased costs to your business resulting from employees accomplishing less work or taking more time to get their work done as well as additional repair and maintenance expenses related to the ongoing operation of the server. As a result, a significant increase in the server s cost-toperformance ratio is often a key impetus for its replacement. y Server Replacement Options Summary If you can gain performance benefits and/or cost efficiency by purchasing a new server, of if the likelihood of failure and risk of downtime becomes too great, you'll know it's time to replace your server. While hardware parts can fail at any time, with the higherquality components used in servers as well as the built-in redundancy for failproof operation, in most cases you can expect your new server to last much longer than six months.

6- How Much Will a Server Cost?

o o o o o How Much Will a Server Cost? Cost of Server Hardware Cost of Server OS and Apps Cost to Administer a Server Server Cost Summary

y How Much Will a Server Cost?

You vedetermined that your business needs a server, one of the first questions you're likely to have involves how much the new server will cost. While the server and its hardware costs are the numbers you're most likely to see quoted, in most cases these represent only a small part of the total cost of ownership for a new server. The three main components to a server's overall costs are: - Cost of hardware - Cost of server operating system and applications - Cost to administer

y Cost of Server Hardware

The tasks your business will need your server to perform as well as the number of users it's expected to serve will largely determine your server's hardware costs. While servers are almost always more expensive than their desktop counterparts, those on a tight budget can find low-cost server options that handle many if not all of the tasks your business will likely need from a server. If your server will primarily be used for tasks like print serving and office document file sharing among fewer than 25 users, a server with a low-end processor, as little as 1GB to 2GB of RAM, and 500GB to 1TB of RAID storage will most likely suffice, and should cost your business as little as $400. SmallBusinessComputing.com has a helpful server buyer's guide that lists several small business server options that range from $499 to a little over $1,000.

On the other end of the scale are high-end servers for tasks like data-intensive Web and database serving, video storage and sharing and enterprise-grade messaging and conferencing. These servers will typically include multiple processors, 16GB or more of RAM, expansive storage with multiple redundancies, and a high-end server operating system, and they can cost in the thousands or tens of thousands of dollars. High-end servers may also be deployed in multiple server configurations known as clustering.

y Cost of Server OS and Apps

The server you purchase may or may not include a server operating system. When it comes to selecting your own server operating system, high-end server OSes like Windows Server 2008 R2 start at about $1,000 for up to five users (five client access licenses, or CALs) and $4,000 for the Enterprise edition, which includes 25 CALs. If you re looking for a less expensive alternative you have plenty of options as well, including Mac OS X Server ($499 with unlimited client licenses), Microsoft Small Business Server (approximately $550 with support for up to 25 users) and a variety of enterprise Linux server distributions that range from free to $1,000 or more for an annual support subscription. You'll also need to budget for the software applications your server will need in order to perform its tasks. The dollar amounts can add up quite quickly in this area for example, to handle e-mail services you'll need an application like Microsoft Exchange Server, which starts at $699 for the Standard edition and $3,999 for the Enterprise edition; for database services an app like Microsoft SQL Server will cost nearly $900; and for file sharing and online collaboration, options like Microsoft's Sharepoint Server or Citrix Presentation Server can cost anywhere from $400 to $3,000 or more.

y Cost to Administer a Server

In most cases, a server's hardware and software costs represent only a small part of the total cost of ownership for a server. In fact, the hardware and software costs typically account for only 15 to 25 percent of the overall costs associated with installing, maintaining, upgrading and supporting a dedicated server. For many businesses, the server becomes the lifeline to its success and any downtime can be disastrous, making it critically important to invest in your server's ongoing operation. As a result, when budgeting for a server, it's necessary to create a solid plan for the costs associated with configuring and administering your server costs that include initial configuration and ongoing support fees, workforce costs for day-to-day administration, reserve funds for replacing hardware as warranties expire, software

update fees and more. A reseller or IT consultant can provide specific guidance in this area to ensure that you're allocating the resources necessary to ensure that once your server is up and running, it stays that way.

y Server Cost Summary

Adding a dedicated server to your business is no simple matter. The hardware, software and administration costs can quickly get out of hand if you don't have a solid plan in place and a budget that accurately accounts for each of these areas. This is one reason many businesses that can't get past the initial "sticker shock" of a dedicated server look at virtual servers as an alternative. Virtual servers are servers that are hosted online and managed by a hosting company. The ongoing costs associated with hosted servers are not exactly inexpensive either, but that's a topic for another time

7-Do I Need More Than One Server?

o o o o o Do I Need More Than One Server? Processing Power Choosing a Server Server Checklist Research Server Options

y Do I Need More Than One Server?

When using a server for your small business, one benefit you'll realize is that a server can be customized and configured to meet your specific needs and budget. Many file and print servers (the most common type of server for small business needs) will not cost much more than a high-end desktop (see How is a Server Different from a Desktop?). Proper planning will ensure you purchase a server with enough power. The number of servers required depends on how much server processing power you need to support your number of users and applications you run.

y Processing Power
To ensure your server meets your business needs you must first understand server processing power and know exactly how you want to use your server. The role of a server is to manage network resources. There are many different types of servers, such as a file, print or database server. These are the most common types of servers a small business will need to invest in.

y Choosing a Server
Choosing the Right Server: At a certain point, it makes sense to relieve the burden of an individual user's computer by having a dedicated server that is capable of providing file storage and print services or any other services that may be required to all the users in the organization. Before investing in a server and choosing the right server hardware, you need to consider many things, including the applications you will run, storage, processor, form factor, and more.

y Server Checklist
To determine the type and number of servers you need, the first step is to determine how the server will be used and who it will be used by. The following checklist will help you determine how much server processing power your business will need:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

What problems are you trying to solve by using a server? How many employees will access and use the server? What software will the server need to run? How fast do you need the server to process data? What type of server do you need? How much memory and disk space will you require? Do you plan to upgrade in the future?

y Research Server Options

Bring It All Together: Once you have a good idea what you are looking for in a server, a reseller or consultant can help you translate your needs into server specifications. Today s server technology allows many small businesses to buy a single heavy-duty server that packs a punch. As your organization grows, so will the number of servers you require the time and skills needed to manage them. Keeping a single server running efficiently is a very different matter to managing a large number of servers. A good rule of thumb when buying a small business server is to look for a small business section on the vendor websites to see what processing power, memory and storage space is offered at different price points.

8-Can I use a high-end desktop in place of a server?

o o o o o Server vs. High-End PC Reliability and Performance Scalability and Security Reduced Administration Advantages of a Server

y Server vs. High-End PC

Once you've determined that your business needs a server, one of the first questions you should ask is whether or not you can use a high-end desktops instead of having to invest in a new server. This is a common question, especially during these times of limited resources and tight budgetary constraints. While a high-end PC can often work and function as a server in a pinch, especially for certain roles such as file serving, there are several reasons a dedicated server makes a better long-term investment. Some of a dedicated server's key advantages over a highend PC include:

y Reliability and Performance

One of the most important differences between servers and high-end desktop computers is the use of higher quality hardware in servers that has built-in failproof protection in the form of redundancy. If a desktop component fails, it typically impacts only one user, whereas if a server component fails it can impact a large number of users or even an entire business. Redundancy is particularly important for storage, where RAID (redundant array of inexpensive disks) is typically utilized to keep a server up and running even if a hard drive crashes, as well as for power, where backup power sources are utilized to keep a server operational even if the main power supply goes down. These components and other hardware in a server can typically be replaced with minimal or no disruption to users. Servers also typically utilize hardware specifically tailored to the needs of businesses, including multiple processors and plenty of RAM to prevent performance degradation when supporting a large number of users.

y Scalability and Security

Server Scalability: Servers are designed with scalability in mind, so as your business grows your server will have little trouble supporting increases of data, users and network traffic. While a high-end personal computer may meet the existing needs of a smaller business, there's a high probability that it won't be able to keep up as the company expands and its network needs increase. Server Security: Security can be implemented more efficiently and effectively with servers, since critical business data resides on one central server computer as opposed to being spread out over a large number of computers and storage devices like flash drives. Backing up that data and preventing data loss in the case of a disaster are also much easier tasks when dealing with a central resource and data controller like a server.

y Reduced Administration
Reduced administration and long-term cost: While you can certainly expect a higher up-front cost when investing in a server as opposed to utilizing an existing high-end desktop, over the long run you're likely to see a lower total cost of ownership with a server for several reasons. First, with your server serving as a central resource controller there will be fewer components to have to support in terms of administration and maintenance. Additionally, with servers being designed to allow many users to share applications and connections to the Internet and wide area networks (WANs), a highend server can reduce the need for duplication of hardware as well as additional computers in many cases.

y Advantages of a Server
While it may seem at first glance to be easier and more cost-effective to utilize a highend desktop computer as a server rather than purchasing one, a dedicated server offers several key advantages that make it the better choice in most all cases. These advantages include increased reliability and performance, scalability, security, reduced administration and lower total cost of ownership. And while a higher initial cost may be an inevitability with a server, there's a greater chance that over time your business will see reduced costs and increased user productivity with a dedicated server versus a stand-in high-end PC.