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1 :

.
50
1

. Le Corbusier 5
Units dhabitation. Unit
(1947-1950) Le Corbusier
( /) .
immeuble villa brutalisme ( ). H
( , , ).
- .

1600
2: Barcelonetta ( )
Coderch, 30.
. -
(..
)
3Rmerplatz, Frankfurt am Main:
brutalisme (= .

)
4, 1952: , CIAM
international style,

.
.
,
.
. Team X (= 10) CIAM,
. Alison Peter Smithson,
, DaCarlo, Woods, Anaik .. brutalisme (
Le Corbusier) :
(, ,
bton brut, , ),
(.. ),
(=
)
Hastangton Smithsons , 1952. used as found (=
).
1

Smithsons Observer , 50.


tall building, Smithsons
( )
,
cluster ,
tall building

, ,


1 ( Mies van der Rohe)


seminal
2. , :
.. Wright: 1935 Johnson-Walks
Kaufmann Fallingwater. 40
, -. 1959
90 Guggenheim .
3. Kaufmann 1946 Richard Neutra
(= California) .
California, , international style
30
4. Charles Earns: designer . 1948-9
, (
).
5. Tall building international style: S.O.M. (=
), 1954: -
. -
international style tall building .
50 60

1Carlo Saarpa. , 60,

(15 )
. (, ,
), .
1Louis Baragan. . :
()
. ,
(, ,
)

: ,
(= )
1Louis Kahn. -, 50, 60.
:
form follows function
,


- ,
Mies van der Rohe
(= ),

1James Sterling. , 50 60:
. Cambridge Library, 60.
,
. post-modern
, , ,

60
60 .
, .
20 . 60

1 : (= ),
50.
. 1964 ,
.

Kenzo Tange: .
, .


: :
, Le Corbusier brutalisme (
50 60)
2 : post-modernism,
Robert Venturi, Louis Kahn .
1. 1964 . cottage,
. , .
:

, ( )

.

, Rietveld
(
Kahn)

less is more Mies van der Rohe.
,
1. Guild House.
,
-
.
, , ,

1, 1966: Complexity and contradiction in architecture.

post-modernism.
.
,

3 : Tendenza Aldo Rossi
Giorgio Grassi. Rossi Casa bella,
60 70.
,
( ).
.
, ,
.

1966 Rossi Larchitettura della cit.

,


1971, :
, .
,
.
. Loos,
, 1789 (Boulle, Ledoux, Lequeu),

4 : Aldo van Eyck, Hermann


Herzberger, CIAM, Tendenza
5 : Archigram, .
60, ,
. instant city, walking city.
: ,
. , 1970 Beauburg
Renzo Piano Richard Rogers.
60.
.
high-tech high-tech:
, ( brutalisme), , ,

.
6 :
80 Tschumi .
Derrida.

Liebeskind: .


Philipp Johnson, 1988: Deconstruction
architecture. 90

Villette Tshumi : ,
Mitterand
-
Charles Moore, 1975 , : Piaza
dItalia. , , ,
(,
, )
: . .
,
.
packaging:
. & Philipp
Jonhson ( 20 ,
: ),
Alberti,

, Orsay 80.

70, ,
high-tech
Richard Rogers: Lloyds .
()
Lord Foster ( ):
( -),
Hong-Kong ( 80), ,
1998-9 (
)
: Oswald Mathias Ungers.

, Hans Holdein:
. Graben (= )
: .
,

high-tech: Jean Nouvelle, , 1987.


Institut du monde arabe.

, 80
packaging, (
1980 La presenza dell Passato, Biennale
): Michael Graves, Portland, 1982: design
. .


:
80: Aldo Rossi, .
.
Rmerplatz
.
Sterling,
(1984)
Frank Gherry: , Guggenheim Bilbao

:
Raphael Moneo. , .

2 : international style

international style
.
,, ,

20 30
,
( 70,
).
20.

.
.
Weienhof

Weienhof, 1927.
, Mies van der Rohe,
Werkbund.

.

. Weienhof
. ,
.
, (

20). ,
. Siegfried Gideon (
CIAM) Weienhof. Weienhof :
Le Corbusier (Citrohan ), Mies van
der Rohe, Scharoun
Weienhof
Chemnitz: Mendesohn . ,
- -
Bata Ludwig Kisela, :
.
. 1929 Le Corbusier
.
Neue Sachlichkeit. art nouveau

van Neele , van der Vlugt


Mart Stamm, 1927: - Neue Sachlichkeit. Curtain
wall
Goinland Hilversum J.Duiker: Funktionalismus.
.

van der Vlugt, , 1934:
. (
).

Open air school, , J.Duiker, 1931


1928 Bornheimerhang Frankfurt, Ernst May:

. (1932)
Ernst May, Frankfurt:
Bauhaus :
Funktionalismus
Tugendhat Brno, , Mies van der Rohe, 1929:
. Brno

20
Le Corbusier Savoye Poissy
KarlMarxof, Karl Ehn, :
1Km
Kiefhock, Oyd, 1925: , ,

, , 1933:
(.. Sched).
(MoMA, NY,
1939).
. ,
.
20 30


, : 1932 Henry
Russell Hitshcock - Philipp Johnson
International style.
, ,
. Wright
.
( ,
, ).
, .
, , ,
,
: , ,
,
.
30 international style
..
.
.

. , 1927

11927, Adolf Platz ( )


2 (): Nikolaus Pevsner
3Alberto Sartoris, 1932 Architettura rationale. -
. .
. .
1935, ,
( CIAM 1933).
, Savoye

Triennale, , 1933, 1936:

1Bertold Lubetkin.

. High Point 1,
Le Corbusier
2 .
3Antonin Raimond.

Wright 20

10

4Felix Kandela. 1939

. -
.
( )
5 : Le Corbusier




60.
Shell , Oyd, 1938: ,
. ,
, .
-
, 30

, Richard Neutra Rudolf Schindler.
20. Neutra Adolf Loos
Schindler Otto Wagner F.L.Wright
Schindler:
1 LA, 20:
( , - )
2 Wolf, LA, 1935
3 Rietveld

Neutra:
1 Lovell LA, 1929
2 Kaufmann ( Fallingwater), Arizona, desert
house: .

Neutra Schindler LA,
Hollywood.

international style Neutra Schindler ..
, 1950.
( , 2005) desert house
Rockfeller Center, NY, 1931:
De Stijl.

11

Frank Lloyd Wright: 20 30 .


:
1 Kaufmann, Fallingwater, Pennsylvania, 1935:
.
2 Johnson and Walks, 1935:
.
.

International Style
60: , 1955.
.
. ,
.
.
24. (, , )
.
Eero Saarinen: . 50
:
1 Mies van der Rohe
General Motors, Michigan: , ,

1
, 50:

Terminal TWA, JF, :


.
( 50
,
)
Walter Gropius: 1936 Harvard (1939:
Graduate Center, Harvard)
O
1Walter Gropius, PanAm, NY:
2Pierro Beluschi ( ),: , 1948:

3Harrisson Abramovic ( Le Corbusier), , , 1955:


,
( ) [
/ : ,
1957)

12

4SOM

( ),


5Mies van der Rohe, Siegram Bulding, NY: .
, (
). .
Altes Museum Schinkel
Felix Kandela: / Toroja
Calatrava. - .. ,
, 1955:
baroque
Oskar Niemeyer: . .

()
( )
Kenzo Tange: Le Corbusier 50
Le Corbusier
(
) ...

3 : Le Corbusier

13

, , .
30 .
20 50
,
.
.
. .
, , . (
: --).
.
CIAM: 1933 CIAM. 1933
. . CIAM o
Gideon. To 1941
CIAM . ,
, , Le Corbusier
Modulor: T 1942,
,

. dulor
Leonardo. 1.80 , 2.16.
. ,
. 2.16
2.26, Le Corbusier
Unit dhabitation, Marseille
(.. Le Havre,
, Auguste Perret)
Le Corbusier
Units dhabitation, , .
1945 50.
, -
, . maison Citrohan Immeuble
villas, (= ).
130m 56m , 19 , 337 , 37
1-6 . , 1600 .

- .
Modulor
,
Le Corbusier. 20,
.
, . Le
14

Corbusier :
( ,
),
( ),


(= ).
.
( ):

, .
(= rue corridor)
. .
.
( Citrohan, immeuble villas). , /block ,
. ,
.
,
- , .
.
, , .
.
, /

unit dhabitation
Le Corbusier 1956 (
). Modulor ( 1.83 2.26
) . Rue corridor

, 1952,
maison Citrohan.
, .
. : 3.66 2.66,
. : .
Jose Louis Cert,
( iro
, mediteranean architecture, /
. Le Cobrusier 50 (
, , , )

15

200 ,
. 15 23m.

.

( )

. .
Le Corbusier ( 50 60
)
. .


, (11 )
,
,
.
1m,
, .
.
.
,

.

,
, Giovanni Michelucci
1962
-,
.
. ( )
Tourette, Lyon, 1957
, , ,
, 100
, Certosa
. , .

.
( . .
1945 ,
IFA, Octave Merlier 150
, , , ..
16

. . Le
Corbusier. 1954 1955 ).
Tourette.
( ,
) glissandi
. ourette
.
(
)
, , 1957
. 1929 muse mondiale
.
. Le Corbusier
, 7m.
.

. .
, ,
18 19 , (Rodin).
.
,
.
, Le Corbusier 1929
(
). Le Corbusier .
.
( ).
Tourette

Oskar Niemeyer ( )
-
. 30 Le Corbusier

, ,

Philips , 1958
, .
pome lectronique Edgard
Varse
Chand, ,

17

Le Corbusier 100-150000 (
, .. .
)

7
( )
Capitol
.
, , ,
( )
.
,
60 (.. )
,
( ,
)
:


Niemeyer Kahn
Maison de lhomme, , 1963
Le Corbusier.
. , ,
, Modulor
, 1964
Le Corbusier. .
( Wright Kahn -
)
Laguna


.

( Savoye
) : Le Corbusier
.
( Gropius),
( Wright). ,
,
Mies van der Rohe,

Le Corbusier 1965 Cape Martin, Monte Carlo,
.
18

4 : Louis Kahn (1901-1974)

- . ,
1905 . Philadelphia

. -,
.
, .
, ,
.
19

. ,
.
Kahn.
, .
.
Pennsylvania Philadelphia 1924. 40
. ,
Yale. 1950,
50 .

Louis Kahn
1 , .


, ,
.

2 , .

Kahn

.
20 :
. , 50. .
, ,
,
. Neue Nationalgalerie, Kulturforum , 1964.
Mies van der Rohe.

. 64
8 , .
. .
, .

(, )
. Seagram Building, NY, Mies van der Rohe. , ,

. , , 1955, Harrisson, Abramovic, Le Corbusier.


. , Niemeyer. .
, ( )
20

. Sydney. ,
. Terminal TWA, NY.
. Berliner Philarmoniker, Hans Scharoun

,
,
1

Louis Kahn
1 (

),

2 :

. .
, .
.
Aldo Rossi Kahn
60 Larchitettura della cit

3


(, ) (..
)

4,

Funktionalist. form follows function, Kahn Rossi :



.
/ / ,
. , ,
.
.

5 .

.

6 :

( Funktionalisten

21

30
)
7,
8,

. ,
9

. . ,
Kahn
,
(
)
10 Kahn: , , .

.
, ,
.
11 Kahn: ,

(Boulle, Ledoux), Piranesi, Beaux Arts,


19 . ,
, , , ,

12 Manfredo Tafouri, (

)
,
.
: Beaux Arts, greek revival, FL Wright.

Louis Kahn

1951: . ,
. , 1928-9 1951
.
.
Sienna, 1951: Piazza del Campo. de Chirico.
-, chiaroscuro,
.
.

22

Yale, 1951
. (
) 1928.

(=
). Mies van der Rohe.
,
(:
., 1933 , , 1939)
: 2 , 612 , 1
:
( ,
, )

: .
.
( )


. , ,
.
( )

,
Le Corbusier
Philadelphia, 1957-1962
, , parkings
.
.
.
San Geminiano ()
Philadelphia, 1957
.

: 190 . .

: , , .
- Backminster Fuller (
) 40.
23

Richards , Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, 1957-1961
San Geminiano.
.
(, )

. Kahn,
.

5) (= ).
. ,

.
Larkin Building Wright (1905),
(=
). , Kahn Larkin
,



Kahn ,
. , ,

800 Fortwayne, Indiana
. ,
Salk, California, 60
Richards
, / . :
( Louis Baragan
),
.
, .
:
: , 1963

-, -
, : ,


: , ,

24

(: , ,
Boulle)
.
.
, . Kahn

: , , , .

: ,
60

. (
) ( )
.
Exeter, New Hampshire, 60


Le Corbusier
,
. , :
( ) -


, Yale, 60
campus.
. , ,

:
(
- )
, ,

, .
(..
)
19

Kimbell, Fort Worth, Texas



: travertine romano (= ),
, , ,
25


19
:
19 (.. Gare dOrsay), Genova
1840, Frankfurt 30, Le
Corbusier 50, , Vittorio
Emmanuelle .

5397 ( ).

. Carlos
Sarpa, , Kahn
,
:

( )
, .

5 : 1960

50 , 50
(: ,
26

, : international style
)
50 international
style : , TEAM X ( CIAM
1947-1959,
Le Corbusier), , neo-liberty
1959
60
60 :
1 ,

. 20
, 60 .
2

, .
.
3 .

.
4 ()
5 .


, 60 ,
.
6Louis Kahn: -
7

.
, ,
.

81964: .

, .
9 : , , , .

1961-7:
( ).

27

,
, 50
( Yale, 1958 Paul Rudolf)
1. 1962 (): Biennale .
.
, .
. 3
2. Le Corbusier ,
Laguna, . , 1964
3. Sydney
4. Saarinen Terminal TWA JFK
Dallas Texas
5. Berliner Philarmoniker, Hans Scharoun.
, .
30 ,
,
6. Berliner Philarmoniker
Mies van der Rohe . Neue
Nationalgalerie. Mies van der Rohe : ,
, ( Neue Nationalgalerie
Illinois, ).
1942 Bacardi , . Neue
Nationalgalerie 1.80 () 64 m ().
8
. ,

.
. .
7. Giovanni Michelucci, , , 1962:
-. ,
.
,
8. Leonardo Ricci, :
9. Savioli, 1969: , design
10. Delft :
. ,
60
60:

, (
),
. 20 .
28

50 . 60 .
.
.
() 60:

.
, ,
.
,
. . ,
.
.
.
. .
: Kenzo Tange ( 50), Kisho Korukawa ..
( ) Tange
Korukawa.

1964 ,
( 2-3
)
Kenzo Tange: Tae kwo D .


(.. - )
Kenzo Tange: , 60.
.
.
.
Tange
, ,
( : Backminster Fuller, ).
, Freedman
, Soleri 6

: . 1959
, (=
).
29

50, FIX,
. 1977.

ARCHIGRAM
60. , 1963-4. Peter
Cooke, Philipp Webb ..
. .
Walking, 1964: .
.
.
.
Peter Cooke, 1964, Plaging city: , ,
. unite dhabitation X 103. -. ,
60 Kurusawa
.
:
1 Bush Le Corbusier :

2 ,
3 . citt nuova SantElia
. ,
. , ARCHIGRAM
( )
ARCHIGRAM yellow submarine
Peter Cooke , Graz,
2003, bubble, Graz .

.
. , ,
.


1960: Kevin Lynch The image of the city
1964: Christopher Alexander A pattern language :
30

1966: Robert Venturi Complexity and contradiction in architecture


1966: Aldo Rossi () L architettura della citt
1967: Giorgio Grassi () La construzione logica dell architettura
1968: Manfredo Tafuri Theorie e storia dell architettura (o
, )

: Robert Venturi
, Yale, Louis Kahn. ,
Ignazio Kandella . 1964 ,
, complexity
and contradiction, .
. -

. , (
). ,
. cottage East Anglia. less is
more Mies van der Rohe, less is a bore,
.
Guild House, 1965: complexity contradiction.
( ).
.
.
( ). Venturi
. ,
kitsch, .
Learning from Las Vegas, 1970:
.
.
.
Venturi .
. .
. Funktionalismus.

James Sterling
.

31

, Lester, 60:
,
( ).
-.
, Cambridge, 60
Queens college, Oxfored,
, .

60:

design
Vespa, 500, , , Olivetti 1969,

6 : 1960

Aldo Rossi Tendenza


1964: Aldo Rossi Larchitettura della citt.
Venturi.

32

Aldo Rossi ,
30 . 50 Casa
bella . Casa bella Architectural design
, ,
.
Casa bella Ernesto Nathan Rogers ( , R
4 BPER .
,
Rossi, Tafuri, Grassi ..) Rogers
, . ,
. ,
, , ,
.
( )
Rossi .

.
, .

( : : : : )

. ,
. Rossi ,
.

. (Loos,
, , Schinkel, Kahn).
1967: Giorgio Grassi ( Grassi : La
construzione logica dellarchitettura) Tendenza,
, .
.
, pop culture,
,
. . ,
.. , East Coast.
.
. Rossi 80 90.
1971: Rossi , Modena.
(citt analoga),
(-, , -).
. ,
( ).
33

: 19
.
, , .
(.. ..
) .

Rossi.

Superstudio
.
, architettura radical.
, , .
,
(. Archigram)
1969: . ,

1969: .
,
.
1972: , . Superstudio,


. , , ,
. .

,
. ,
, , design,
Rossi. non-stop city

Mario Botta

34

.
, .
.
1966, Le
Corbusier . ,
Le Corbusier.
60 (1965:
Le Corbusier, 1968: Mies van der Rohe, 1969: Gropius) 1968
Bauhaus, Hochschule fr Gestalltung, Ulm.
, .


: Audo van Eyck, Herman Herzberger.
CIAM, Team X.
.
Van Eyck:
.
Team X .
,
,
. ,
.
van Eyck , 1960
( ).
.
(: , ). ,
. ,
.
Van Eyck: 1966. ,
.
( van Eyck
)
Herzberger: ntessori .
. De Stijl
Herzberger: .
. ( van Eyck)
. :
, .
35

Herzberger Becher Alpedorn,


60

Beaubourg
60 ( )
Beaubourg
: Renzo Piano (), Richard Rogers ().
, .
: 60.
high-tech , , .
. , ,
, ( )
. ,
.
.


, 1968, .
,
.

Washington , 60

Hans Hollein, Mnchengladbach, 70


. .
, .
, design.
.

, .
.

, , 1972

36

1968. Frei Otto, Gnther Benisch. 60.


(
, )

60
Louis Kahn, Rossi

Carlos Scarpa: . , .
CastellVechio,
60 .
, .
. 60
( Rogers , Moretti , Scarpa )
.
.
. ,
.
Scarpa 70
(15 ) . Scarpa .
Scarpa: . Kahn.
. , reaction poetique.
:
. .
. ,
,
(, ). .
Louis Baragan: , . ,
, 1966. .
40 . (
, ). .
: (),
()


,
. (
50- 80). ( )

37

( ) ,
.
1

2 /

3
4Complexity and contradiction (Venturi). Learning from Las Vegas (Venturi):

pop culture

5 Venturi: . 1974:

Vincent Sculli The shingle style revisited



6

. ,
20. ,
(, ,
, )
71973: ,
8 , (packaging)

, .
,
9 Kahn Rossi.

.
.

kitsch

10 ,

38

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