ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS

GCE Normal Level (Syllabus 4039) CONTENTS

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GCE NORMAL LEVEL MATHEMATICS 4039 MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE MATHEMATICAL NOTATION

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4039 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS N LEVEL (2011)

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
GCE Normal Level (Syllabus 4039)
AIMS
This syllabus caters for the mathematically able students in the Normal (Academic) course and intends to provide an appropriate foundation for O Level Additional Mathematics for students moving on to Sec 5N. The students offering this subject are encouraged to take O Level Mathematics at the end of Sec 4. For students taking N Level Mathematics Syllabus A with this syllabus, knowledge of some additional topics from O Level Mathematics is assumed. The general aims of the mathematics syllabus are to enable students to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. acquire the necessary mathematical concepts and skills for continuous learning in mathematics and related disciplines, and for applications to the real world; develop the necessary process skills for the acquisition and application of mathematical concepts and skills; develop the mathematical thinking and problem solving skills and apply these skills to formulate and solve problems; recognise and use connections among mathematical ideas, and between mathematics and other disciplines; develop positive attitudes towards mathematics; make effective use of a variety of mathematical tools (including information and communication technology tools) in the learning and application of mathematics; produce imaginative and creative work arising from mathematical ideas; develop the abilities to reason logically, to communicate mathematically, and to learn cooperatively and independently.

4039 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS N LEVEL (2011)

ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES
The assessment will test candidates abilities to: AO1 AO2 understand and use mathematical concepts and skills in a variety of contexts; organise and analyse data and information; formulate problems into mathematical terms and select and apply appropriate techniques of solution, including manipulation of algebraic expressions; solve higher order thinking problems; interpret mathematical results and make inferences; write mathematical explanation and arguments.

AO3

4039 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS N LEVEL (2011)

SCHEME OF ASSESSMENT
Paper Duration Description Marks Weighting

Paper 1

1 h

There will be 1315 questions of varying marks and lengths testing more on the fundamental skills and concepts. Candidates are required to answer all questions.

70

50%

Paper 2

1 h

There will be 810 questions of varying marks and lengths. Candidates are required to answer all questions.

70

50%

NOTES
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Omission of essential working will result in loss of marks. Some questions may integrate ideas from more than one topic of the syllabus where applicable. Relevant mathematical formulae will be provided for candidates. Scientific calculators are allowed in both Paper 1 and Paper 2. Unless stated otherwise within a question, three-figure accuracy will be required for answers. Angles in degrees should be given to one decimal place. SI units will be used in questions involving mass and measures. Both the 12-hour and 24-hour clock may be used for quoting times of the day. In the 24-hour clock, for example, 3.15 a.m. will be denoted by 03 15; 3.15 p.m. by 15 15, noon by 12 00 and midnight by 24 00. 7. 8. Candidates are expected to be familiar with the solidus notation for the expression of compound units, e.g. 5 m/s for 5 metres per second. Unless the question requires the answer in terms of , the calculator value for or = 3.142 should be used.

4039 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS N LEVEL (2011)

CONTENT OUTLINE
Knowledge of the content of N Level Mathematics Syllabus A and the following additional topics is assumed. 1. Solution of equations and inequalities solution of simple linear inequalities in one unknown, and the representation of the solution set on the number line. 2. Matrices display information in the form of a matrix; product of a scalar quantity and a matrix; problems involving the calculation of the sum and product of two matrices. Material in N Level Mathematics Syllabus A and the above topics, which are not repeated in the syllabus below, will not be tested directly but may be required indirectly in response to questions on other topics.

Topic/Sub-topics 1 1.1 ALGEBRA Quadratic equations and inequalities

Content

Include: conditions for a quadratic equation to have: (i) two real roots (ii) two equal roots (iii) no real roots and related conditions for a given line to: (i) intersect a given curve (ii) be a tangent to a given curve (iii) not intersect a given curve solution of quadratic inequalities, and the representation of the solution set on the number line conditions for ax 2 + bx + c to be always positive (or always negative) relationships between the roots and coefficients of the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0

1.2

Indices and surds

Include: four operations on indices and surds rationalising the denominator solving equations involving indices and surds Include: multiplication and division of polynomials use of remainder and factor theorems factorisation of polynomials solving cubic equations Include: solving simultaneous equations with at least one linear equation, by substitution expressing a pair of linear equations in matrix form and solving the equations by inverse matrix method

1.3

Polynomials

1.4

Simultaneous equations in two unknowns

4039 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS N LEVEL (2011)

Topic/Sub-topics 1.5 Binomial expansions

Content Include: use of the Binomial Theorem for positive integer n n use of the notations n! and r n n _ r r use of the general term a b , 0<rYn r Exclude: proof of the theorem knowledge of the greatest term and properties of the coefficients

2 2.1

GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY Trigonometric functions, identities and equations Include: six trigonometric functions for angles of any magnitude (in degrees or radians) _ _ _ principal values of sin 1x, cos 1x, tan 1x exact values of the trigonometric functions for special angles ( 30, 45, 60 ) or ( , , ) 6 4 3 amplitude, periodicity and symmetries related to the sine and cosine functions graphs of y = asin (bx ) + c , y = asin x + c , y = acos (bx ) + c , b x y = acos + c and y = atan (bx ) , where a and b are positive b integers and c is an integer

use of the following

sinA = tanA , cosA = cotA , sin2 A + cos2 A =1 , cosA sinA

sec 2 A =1+ tan2 A , cosec 2 A =1+ cot2 A

the expansions of sin(A B), cos(A B) and tan(A B) the formulae for sin2A, cos2A and tan2A simplification of trigonometric expressions solution of simple trigonometric equations in a given interval proofs of simple trigonometric identities

Exclude general solution of trigonometric equations

4039 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS N LEVEL (2011)

2.2

Topic/Sub-topics Coordinate geometry in two dimensions

Content

Include: condition for two lines to be parallel or perpendicular mid-point of line segment finding the area of rectilinear figure given its vertices graphs of equations y = ax n , where n is a simple rational number

y 2 = kx coordinate geometry of the circle with the equation ( x _ a)2 + ( y _ b)2 = r 2 and x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 Exclude: finding the equation of the circle passing through three given points intersection of two circles

3 3.1

CALCULUS Differentiation and integration Include: derivative of f( x ) as the gradient of the tangent to the graph of y = f( x ) at a point derivative as rate of change 2 use of standard notations f ( x ), f ( x ), dy , d y [= d ( dy )] dx dx 2 dx dx n derivatives of x , for any rational n , together with constant multiples, sums and differences derivatives of composite functions derivatives of products and quotients of functions increasing and decreasing functions stationary points (maximum and minimum turning points and stationary points of inflexion) use of second derivative test to discriminate between maxima and minima applying differentiation to gradients, tangents and normals, connected rates of change and maxima and minima problems integration as the reverse of differentiation integration of xn, for any rational n, (excluding n = 1), together with constant multiples, sums and differences integration of (ax + b)n for any rational n (excluding n = 1) definite integral as area under a curve evaluation of definite integrals finding the area of a region bounded by a curve and lines parallel to the coordinate axes

Exclude: differentiation of functions defined implicitly and parametrically finding areas of regions below the x-axis finding the area of a region between a curve and an oblique line, or between two curves

4039 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS N LEVEL (2011)

MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE
1. ALGEBRA Quadratic Equation For the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0,

x=
Binomial expansion

_ b b2 _ 4ac 2a
n n _ r a br r

(a + b)n = an +

_ n n _1 n a b + an 2b2 1 2
n = r

+........+

++ bn ,

where n is a positive integer and

n(n _ 1)........(n _ r +1) n! _ r )! = r! r !(n

2. TRIGONOMETRY Identities
sin 2 A + cos2 A =1 sec2 A =1+ tan 2 A cosec2 A =1+ cot 2 A sin( A B) = sinAcosB cosAsinB cos( A B) = cosAcosB m sinAsinB tan( A B) = tanA tanB 1 m tanAtanB sin2 A = 2sinAcosA _ cos2 A = cos2 A _ sin 2 A = 2cos2 A _ 1=1 2sin 2 A 2tan tan2 A = _ A 1 tan 2 A

Formulae for ABC

a = b = c sinA sinB sinC _ a2 = b2 + c2 2bc cosA 1 = ab sin C 2

MATHEMATICAL NOTATION

MATHEMATICAL NOTATION
The list which follows summarises the notation used in the Syndicates Mathematics examinations. Although primarily directed towards A Level, the list also applies, where relevant, to examinations at all other levels.
1. Set Notation is an element of is not an element of the set with elements x1, x2, the set of all x such that the number of elements in set A the empty set universal set the complement of the set A the set of integers, {0, 1, 2, 3, } the set of positive integers, {1, 2, 3, } the set of rational numbers the set of positive rational numbers, {x : x > 0} the set of positive rational numbers and zero, {x : x [ 0} the set of real numbers the set of positive real numbers, {x : x > 0} the set of positive real numbers and zero, {x : x [ 0} the real n tuples the set of complex numbers is a subset of is a proper subset of is not a subset of is not a proper subset of union intersection the closed interval {x : a Y x Y b} the interval {x : a Y x < b} the interval {x : a < x=Y b} the open interval {x : a < x < b}

{x1, x2, } {x: } n(A)

A

+

`
+
+ 0
n

+ 0

[a, b] [a, b) (a, b] (a, b)

MATHEMATICAL NOTATION

2. Miscellaneous Symbols = <

=

is equal to is not equal to is identical to or is congruent to is approximately equal to is proportional to is less than is less than or equal to; is not greater than is greater than is greater than or equal to; is not less than infinity

Y; >
=

[;

3. Operations

a+b ab a b, ab, a.b a b, a:b

a plus b a minus b a multiplied by b a divided by b

the ratio of a to b
i

a b

, a/b

a
i =1

a1 + a2 + ... + an
the positive square root of the real number a the modulus of the real number a

a
a

n!

n factorial for n + U {0}, (0! = 1)

the binomial coefficient

n r

n! , for n, r + U {0}, 0 Y r Y n r! (n r )!

n(n 1)...(n r + 1) , for n , r +U {0} r!

MATHEMATICAL NOTATION

4. Functions

f f(x) f: A B f: x y f g o f, gf
1

function f the value of the function f at x

f is a function under which each element of set A has an image in set B

the function f maps the element x to the element y the inverse of the function f the composite function of f and g which is defined by (g o f)(x) or gf(x) = g(f(x)) the limit of f(x) as x tends to a an increment of x the derivative of y with respect to x the nth derivative of y with respect to x the first, second, nth derivatives of f(x) with respect to x indefinite integral of y with respect to x the definite integral of y with respect to x for values of x between a and b the first, second, derivatives of x with respect to time

lim f(x)
x a

x ; x

dy dx

dn y dx n f'(x), f(x), , f(n)(x)

ydx ydx
b a

& x x , && ,

5. Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

e e , exp x log a x ln x lg x
x

base of natural logarithms exponential function of x logarithm to the base a of x natural logarithm of x logarithm of x to base 10

6. Circular Functions and Relations

sin, cos, tan, cosec, sec, cot sin1, cos1, tan1 cosec1, sec1, cot1

} the circular functions } the inverse circular functions

10

MATHEMATICAL NOTATION

7. Complex Numbers

i z

square root of 1 a complex number,

z = x + iy = rei, r 0
+

= r(cos + i sin ), r 0 Re z Im z z arg z z*

the real part of z, Re (x + iy) = x the imaginary part of z, Im (x + iy) = y the modulus of z, x + iy = (x + y ),
2 2

r (cos + i sin ) = r

the argument of z, arg(r(cos + i sin )) = , < Y the complex conjugate of z, (x + iy)* = x iy

8. Matrices

M M M
1 T

a matrix M the inverse of the square matrix M the transpose of the matrix M the determinant of the square matrix M

det M

9. Vectors

a
AB

the vector a the vector represented in magnitude and direction by the directed line segment AB a unit vector in the direction of the vector a unit vectors in the directions of the cartesian coordinate axes the magnitude of a the magnitude of AB the scalar product of a and b the vector product of a and b

i, j, k
a
AB

a.b aP b

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MATHEMATICAL NOTATION

10. Probability and Statistics

A, B, C, etc. AB AB P(A) A' P(A | B) X, Y, R, etc. x, y, r, etc.

events union of events A and B intersection of the events A and B probability of the event A complement of the event A, the event not A probability of the event A given the event B random variables value of the random variables X, Y, R, etc. observations frequencies with which the observations, x1,

x1 , x 2 ,
f1 , f 2 ,

x2 occur

p(x)
p1 , p 2

the value of the probability function P(X = x) of the discrete random variable X probabilities of the values

x1 , x 2 , of the discrete random variable X

f(x), g(x) F(x), G(x) E(X) E[g(X)] Var(X) B(n, p) Po() N(, )
2 2

the value of the probability density function of the continuous random variable X the value of the (cumulative) distribution function P(X Y x) of the random variable X expectation of the random variable X expectation of g(X) variance of the random variable X binominal distribution, parameters n and p Poisson distribution, mean normal distribution, mean and variance 2 population mean population variance population standard deviation sample mean unbiased estimate of population variance from a sample,

x
s
2

s2 =

1 2 ( x x ) n 1

probability density function of the standardised normal variable with distribution N (0, 1) corresponding cumulative distribution function linear product-moment correlation coefficient for a population linear product-moment correlation coefficient for a sample

12