Texts in Applied Mathematics Sirovich Introduction to Applied Mathematics Wiggins Introduetion to Applied Nonlinear Dynameal Systems and Chaos Hale/Kogak Dynamics and Bifurcations Chorin/Marsden A Mathematical Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, 31d ed Hubbard/West Differential Equations A Dynamucal Systems Approach Ordinary Differential Equations Sontag Mathematical Control Theory Deterministic Finite Dimensional Systems, 2nd ed Perko Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems, 2nd ed Seaborn Hypergeometne Functions and Their Applications Pipkin A Course on Integral Equations Hoppensteadi/Peskin Mathematics in Medicine and the Life Sciences 11 Braun Differential Equations and Their Applications, 4th ed 12. Stoer/Bulirsch Introduction to Numerical Analysis, 2nd ed 13. Renardy/Rogers A First Graduate Course in Partial Differential Equations 14 Banks Growth and Diffusion Phenomena Mathematical Frameworks and Applications 15. Brenner/Scott The Mathematical Theory of Fimte Element Methods 16 Van de Velde Concurrent Scientific Computing 17 Marsden/Ratw Introduction to Mechanics and Symmetry, 2nd ed 18 Hubbard/West Differential Equations A Dynamical Systems Approach Higher- Dimensional Systems 19 Kaplan/Glass Understanding Nonlinear Dynamics 20 Holmes Introduction to Perturbation Methods 21 Curtain/Zwart An Introduction to Infinite-Dimensional Linear Systems Theory 22. Thomas Numerical Partial Differential Equations Funite Difference Methods 23 Taylor Partial Differential Equations Basic Theory 24 Merkin Introduction to the Theory of Stability of Motion 25 Naber Topology, Geometry, and Gauge Fields Foundations 26 Polderman/Willems Introduction to Mathematical Systems Theory A Behavioral Approach 27 Reddy Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications to Boundary-Value Problems and Fimte Elements 28 Gustafson/Wileox Analytical and Computational Methods of Advanced Engineering Mathematics 29 Tverto/Winther Introduction to Partial Differential Equations A Computational ‘Approach 30 Gasquet/Witomskt Fourier Analysis and Applications Filtering, Numerical Computation, Wavelets 31 Bremaud Markov Chains Gibbs Fields, Monte Carlo Simulation, and Queues 32 Durran Numerical Methods for Wave Equations in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics A wRUNne wan Ss (continued afier ndex)Alexandre J. Chorin Jerrold E. Marsden A Mathematical Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Third Edition With 87 Illustrations & SpringerAlexandre J Chorm Jerrold E Marsden Department of Mathematics Control and Dynamical Systems 107-81 Unwersity of California Caltech Berkeley, CA 94720 Pasadena, CA 91125 USA USA Edutors JE Marsden L Sirovich ‘Control and Dynamical Systems 107-81 Division of Applied Mathematics Caltech Brown Unversity Pasadena, CA 91125 Providence, RI 02912 USA USA M Golubitsky Department of Mathemaucs University of Houston Houston, TX 77004 USA Cover Nlustraton. A computer simulation of a shock diffraction by a pair of cylinders, by John Bell, Philhp Colella, William Crutchfield, Richard Pember, and Michael Welcome Mathematics Subject Classification (1980) 76-01, 76C05, 76D05, 76D10, 76N15 Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data Chorin, Alexandre Joel A mathemancal introduction to fluid mechames / AJ Chorin, JE Marsden —3rd ed Pp cm —(Texts in apphed mathematics , 4) Includes bibhographical references and index ISBN 0-387-97918-2 (acid-free paper) - ISBN 3540-97818-2 (acid free paper) 1 Fluid mechanics I Marsden, JerroldE I Title UL Senes QAI C53 1992 582 de20 92-2645 Printed on acid-free paper The first edition was published in the Universitext series, 1979 by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc © 1990, 1993 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc All nghts reserved This work may not be translated or copied in whole orm part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc , 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by sumilar or dissimilar methodology now known or here- after developed 1s forbidden The use of gencral descnpuve names, trade names, trademarks, etc , in this publication, even af the former are not especially idennfied, 1s not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone Producuon managed by Chnisun R. Ciresi, manufacturing supervised by Vincent Scelta ‘Typesetting and graphics by June Meyermann, Ithaca, NY Printed and bound by Edwards Brothers, Inc, Ann Arbor, MI Printed in the United States of America 98 76 5 4 (Corrected fourth prnung, 2000) ISBN 0-387-97918.2 Springer Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg ISBN 3540-97918 2 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York SPIN 10764957