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Code No: RR321001 Set No.

1
III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) An AM transmitter has antenna current of 2A with modulation index of 60


percent. What will be the total antenna current if one more identical antenna
is connected in parallel with the previous one, keeping the transmitter output
same? Will it affect the modulation index?
(b) An audio frequency signal 10 sin(2π × 500t) is used to amplitude modulate a
carrier of 50 sin 2π105 t. Calculate
i. Modulation index
ii. Side band frequencies
iii. Amplitude of each side band frequencies
iv. Bandwidth required
v. Total power delivered to the load of 600 ohms
vi. Transmission efficiency. [8+8]

2. (a) Distinguish between phase and frequency modulation. Show that FM can be
derived using PM and vice versa with the help of differentiator or integrator
networks.
(b) Compute the bandwidth requirement for the transmission of FM signal having
a frequency deviation 75 KHz and an audio bandwidth of 10KHz.
(c) In a FM system the frequency deviation constant is 1KHz/V. A sinusoidal
modulating signal of amplitude 15 V and frequency 3 MHz is applied, Calcu-
late
i. Peak frequency deviation
ii. Modulating index. [6+4+6]

3. (a) Explain the operation of radio transmitter.


(b) Why the first power amplifier in radio transmitter is called buffer amplifier?
(c) What is the function of harmonic generator in radio transmitter
(d) What are the contents of audio frequency channel in radio transmitter?[4+4+4+4]

4. (a) Write about tone and volume control in a radio receiver.


(b) Bring out the draw backs of TRF receiver.
(c) 3-point tracking. [5+6+5]

5. (a) What are the various noise components in a transistor ? Deduce its noise
voltage equivalent circuit.

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Code No: RR321001 Set No. 1
(b) A mixture stage has a noise figure of 20 db and this is preceded by an amplifier
that has a noise figure of 9 db and an average power gain of 15 db. Calculate
the overall noise figure referred to the input. [8+8]

6. (a) Draw the conceptual diagram of multiplexing-demultiplexing and explain.


(b) Distinguish between sampling and quantization. [8+8]

7. (a) Draw the block diagram of binary PSK receiver and explain the working prin-
ciple.
(b) Write the difference between coherent and non-coherent systems. Give exam-
ple. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain the fixed routing techniques.


(b) Consider a packet - switching network of N nodes, connected by the following
topologies:
i. Star
ii. Loop
iii. Fully Connected. For each case give the average number of hops between
stations. [8+8]

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Code No: RR321001 Set No. 2
III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) An AM transmitter has antenna current of 2A with modulation index of 60


percent. What will be the total antenna current if one more identical antenna
is connected in parallel with the previous one, keeping the transmitter output
same? Will it affect the modulation index?
(b) An audio frequency signal 10 sin(2π × 500t) is used to amplitude modulate a
carrier of 50 sin 2π105 t. Calculate
i. Modulation index
ii. Side band frequencies
iii. Amplitude of each side band frequencies
iv. Bandwidth required
v. Total power delivered to the load of 600 ohms
vi. Transmission efficiency. [8+8]

2. (a) Explain the indirect method of FM generation.


(b) A 500Hz modulating voltage fed into a PM generator produces a frequency
deviation of 2.25kHz. What is the modulation index if the amplitude of the
modulating voltage is kept constant but its frequency is raised to 6kHz? What
is the new deviation? [8+8]

3. (a) Discuss about long wave, short wave and medium wave radio broadcast trans-
mitter.
(b) What is amplitude limiters? Where it is used? [10+6]

4. (a) Explain in detail the alignment and tracking of a radio receiver.


(b) Draw a practical diode detector and explain.
(c) Explain why local oscillator frequency should be higher than signal frequency.
[6+4+6]

5. (a) Derive the expression for Noise Figure for an amplifier.


(b) The first stage of a two-stage amplifier has a voltage gain of 10, a 600 Ω
input resistor, a 1600 Ω equivalent noise resistance and 27 K Ω output re-
sistor. For the second stage these values are 25kΩ, 81 kΩ, 10kΩ and 1MΩ
respectively. Calculate the equivalent input-noise resistance of this two-stage
amplifier. [8+8]

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Code No: RR321001 Set No. 2
6. (a) A narrow band signal has a bandwidth of 10kHz centered on a carrier frequency
of 100kHz. It is proposed to represent this signal in discrete time form by
sampling its inphase and quadrature components individually. What is the
minimum sampling rate can be used for this representation?
(b) Explain the working of PAM modulator. [8+8]

7. (a) What is companding? Why is it used? Why is it preferable to quantizing with


tapered steps? Illustrate your answer with a sketch of typical companding
curves.
(b) What are the advantages and applications of Pulse-code Modulation? [8+8]

8. (a) What does the mechanical specifications of EIA-232 describe?


(b) What is the relationship between the data rate and the distance that the data
can reliably travel on an EIA interface?
(c) Using RS.-422 (balanced mode), what is the data rate if the distance between
DTE and DCE are 1000 feet? [5+5+6]

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Code No: RR321001 Set No. 3
III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) An AM transmitter has antenna current of 2A with modulation index of 60


percent. What will be the total antenna current if one more identical antenna
is connected in parallel with the previous one, keeping the transmitter output
same? Will it affect the modulation index?
(b) An audio frequency signal 10 sin(2π × 500t) is used to amplitude modulate a
carrier of 50 sin 2π105 t. Calculate
i. Modulation index
ii. Side band frequencies
iii. Amplitude of each side band frequencies
iv. Bandwidth required
v. Total power delivered to the load of 600 ohms
vi. Transmission efficiency. [8+8]

2. (a) Explain the principle of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis in FM with circuits.


(b) A carrier frequency modulator by sinusoidal modulating signal of frequency
2kHz resulting in a frequency deviation of 5kHz. What is the bandwidth occu-
pied by the modulated waveform? The amplitude of the modulating sinusoidal
is increased by factor of 3 and its frequency lowered to 1kHz. What is the new
bandwidth? [8+8]

3. (a) Explain the operation of radio transmitter using lower level modulation sys-
tem.
(b) What is master oscillator? What are the precautions to be taken in designing
of master oscillator to reduce frequency drift. [8+8]

4. (a) Distinguish between simple AGC and delayed AGC.


(b) Draw a block diagram of a superheterodyne receiver and explain the function
of each stage.
(c) What is meant by the term “tracking error”? Explain. [5+6+5]

5. Write notes on:

(a) Fading and diversity reception.


(b) Amplitude limiter. [8+8]

6. (a) Draw the block diagram of TDM system. Discuss the applications of TDM.

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Code No: RR321001 Set No. 3
(b) Discuss the effect of under sampling? [10+6]

7. (a) What is companding? Why is it used? Why is it preferable to quantizing with


tapered steps? Illustrate your answer with a sketch of typical companding
curves.
(b) What are the advantages and applications of Pulse-code Modulation? [8+8]

8. (a) Explain the objectives of computer communication network.


(b) Explain the design features of computer communication network. [8+8]

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Code No: RR321001 Set No. 4
III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) An AM transmitter has antenna current of 2A with modulation index of 60


percent. What will be the total antenna current if one more identical antenna
is connected in parallel with the previous one, keeping the transmitter output
same? Will it affect the modulation index?
(b) An audio frequency signal 10 sin(2π × 500t) is used to amplitude modulate a
carrier of 50 sin 2π105 t. Calculate
i. Modulation index
ii. Side band frequencies
iii. Amplitude of each side band frequencies
iv. Bandwidth required
v. Total power delivered to the load of 600 ohms
vi. Transmission efficiency. [8+8]

2. (a) The sinusoidal modulating wave m(t) = Am cos(2πfm t) is applied to a phase


modulation with phase sensitivity Kp . The unmodulated carrier wave has
frequency fc and amlititude Ac . Determine the spectrum of the resulting
phase modulated wave, assuming that the maximum phase deviation
βp = Kp Am does not exceed 0.5 radians.
(b) A carrier wave of frequency 100 MHz is frequency modulated by sine wave of
amplitude 20 volts and frequency 100 KHz. The frequency sensitivity of the
modulation is 25 KHz per volt. Determine the approximate bandwidth of FM
wave using Carson’s rule. [10+6]

3. (a) Explain the operation of ISB transmitter with block diagram. Where it is
used?
(b) What is the function of crystal filters in SSB transmitter?
(c) State and explain with respect to ‘Q’, various types of filters used to separate
side bands? [4+6+6]

4. (a) What are the drawbacks of Tuned Radio frequency receivers and explain how
they are overcome in superheterodyne receivers?
(b) Discuss the criteria for the choice of local oscillator frequency and Intermediate
Frequency (IF) in a superheterodyne receiver. [8+8]

5. (a) Define noise equivalent bandwidth, Calculate the noise bandwidth of a parallel
RLC filter having a bandwidth B.

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Code No: RR321001 Set No. 4
(b) An antenna has a noise temperature of 5 0 K. It is connected to a receiver,
which has an equivalent noise temperature of 90 0 K. The midband gain of
the receiver is 108 and is represented by a parallel RLC filter having 3 dB
bandwidth of 9 MHz. Find the available output noise power. [8+8]

6. (a) Explain the generation and demodulation of pulse-position modulation.


(b) What is meant by Cross-talk? Explain in detail. [10+6]

7. Draw the block diagram of QPSK transmitter and receiver and explain the opera-
tion. [16]

8. Deduce the number of additional bits required to transmit a message comprising one
hundred, 8 bit characters over a data link using each of the following transmission
control schemes:

(a) Asynchronous with one start bit and two stop bits per character and a single
start of frame and end of frame character per message.
(b) Synchronous with two synchronization characters and a single start of frame
and end of frame character per message.
(c) Explain the operation of the parity bit method of error detection and how it
can be extended to lower block of transfer. [5+5+6]

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