Gprs Presentation

Alcatel University - 8AS 90164 0001 VH ZZA Ed.
07 April 2001 Page 1

Introduction to the GPRS
General Packet Radio Service
Alcatel University - 8AS 90164 0001 VH ZZA Ed.07 April 2001 Page 2
OBJECTIVE :
By the end of the course, the trainee will have acquired knowledge enabling him/her to
describe the GPRS technique of exchanging data by packet switching for mobiles, and the
solutions offered by Alcatel for its implementation.
THE TRAINEE WILL BE ABLE TO :
- dentify the technical and commercial benefit of GPRS
- Describe the organization of a GPRS network: architecture, interfaces, protocols, etc
- Briefly describe the data interchange mechanisms on a GPRS network
- Characterize the solution offered by Alcatel
METHOD : Theory in the form of slide presentations.
THIS COURSE IS INTENDED FOR :
Anyone wanting an overview of GPRS. A knowledge of GSM standard principles is
required. A knowledge of basic TCP/P principles is recommended.
Maximum class size : 12.
DURATION : 1 day.
PLAN
What is GPRS ?
GPRS operation
The Base Station Subsystem
Alcatel's solution
What is GPRS ?
"GPRS is a network architecture Ior
exchanging data by packet switching with
mobility and radio access"
MSPDN communications (IP/X.25)
What is GPRS ?
DeIinition
What is GPRS ?
General architecture
BSS
GPRS
Core Network
Gb
NSS
A
PSTN
PDN X25
PDN IP
Gi
What is GPRS ?
Classes oI MS
Class A: GSM call and GPRS data exchange
simultaneously
Class B: GPRS data exchange suspended in case oI
incoming or outgoing GSM call.
Simultaneous standby mode
Class C: exclusive standby mode (manual selection: GSM
or GPRS)
What is GPRS ?
The beneIit oI GPRS -1-
Radio resource assigned according to requirement
Radio resource shared between users
High bit rates (max 160 kbit/s) several channels assigned to one
MS
Low bit rates one channel shared by several MSs.
Optimized use oI the radio resource
Resources allocated dynamically: use oI the radio resource only
when data is transIerred
Uplink and downlink resources reserved separately
DeIinition oI priorities (see QoS)
What is GPRS ?
circuit switching at the radio interface
lnternet
Rodio interfoce
Access node
G5M
network
What is GPRS ?
packet switching at the radio interface
GFR5
network
Focket
doto
network
Rodio interfoce
What is GPRS ?
use oI the radio interIace -2-
GPRS network
What is GPRS ?
the beneIit oI GPRS -2-
Data transIers billed by volume and not by time
BSS architecture re-used Irom GSM
An MS can exchange data by GPRS in parallel with a
conventional GSM call (depending on the class oI the MS)
Service priority
Three classes oI priority Ior maintaining service: 1 (high). 2 (normal) and
3 (low).
TransIer delay
Four classes oI delay. average and 95: 1 (the shortest delays) to 4 (best
eIIort).
Bit rate
Maximum and average bit rates can be deIined.
Reliability
Five classes oI reliability: (1 most reliable). Reliability is deIined by the
probability oI loss. error. duplication or incorrect sequencing oI packets.
What is GPRS ?
QoS proIile
UMTS
2 Mb/s
384 Kb/s
EDGE
What is GPRS ?
GPRS compared to other technologies
GPRS
10 Kb/s
4 Kb/s
HSCSD
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Bit rate
CS data - SMS, 9.6Kbits/s
. Kb/s
Technology
What is GPRS ?
Application
Locotion services Locotion services Locotion services Locotion services
Troffic Conditions
tinerories
Meorest kestouront,
Cinemo, Chemist,
Forking;, ATM ...
Fun Fun Fun Fun
Gomes (Hongmon, Foker, .}
5creen 5over
king Tone
Horoscope
8iorhythm
Medio
Alwoys-on
M-commerce
Mobile Office Mobile Office Mobile Office Mobile Office
Voice (!}
E-moil
Agendo
ntroMet/nterMet
Corporote Applicotions
Dotobose Access
Tronsportotion Tronsportotion Tronsportotion Tronsportotion
Flight/troin
5chedule
reservotion
Verticol Verticol Verticol Verticol
opplicotion opplicotion opplicotion opplicotion
Truic
Munugomonl
Aulomulion
Mobilo brunchos
Houllh
Music Music Music Music
Downlooding of
music files or
video clips
Mews Mews Mews Mews
(generol/specific} (generol/specific} (generol/specific} (generol/specific}
nternotionol/Motionol Mews
Locol Mews
5port Mews
Weother
Lottery kesults
Finonce Mews.
Fhysicol Fhysicol Fhysicol Fhysicol
on-line shopping
on-line food
Mon physicol Mon physicol Mon physicol Mon physicol
on-line
8onking
Ticketing
Auction
Gombling..
Directories Directories Directories Directories
Yellow/White Foges
nternotionol Directories
Operotor 5ervices
True or False ?
GPRS is a circuit switching technology
Billing by volume means that users can be permanently on line
Banking transactions are not well suited to GPRS
HSCSD oIIers billing by volume
A GPRS network is an X.25 network
Data transIers are oIten conducted at variable bit rates
Internet access is possible only with a GPRS mobile and a laptop PC
With a class B mobile. a web page can be downloaded while speaking
Why is GPRS ideal Ior transmitting data at variable bit rates ?
What is GPRS ?
Do you remember the key points ?
False
False
False
False
False
False
True
True
Because it is based on packet switching which means radio resources are allocated only when date is
transferred
GPRS operation
GPRS operation
Main entities
MSC/VLR
HLR (+GR)
5DM 5DM
SGSN GGSN
GFk5 F GFk5 F
8ockbone 8ockbone
nternet nternet
BSS
with PCU
DNS/DHCP
BG
Frome Frome
keloy keloy
Mobile
GPRS
NTP
GPRS operation
SGSN and GGSN
SGSN
2
SGSN
1
PLMN
GSS
IP network 5
IP network 4
IP network 3
IP network 2
IP network 1
GGSN
1
GGSN
3
GGSN
2
IP
backbone
GPRS operation
Border Gateway-
Home PLMN
Visited PLMN
Packet Data
Network
GGSNs
BG
SGSN
private or pubIic
connection
IP
SGSN
BG
Gp
GPRS operation
Main interIaces
GPRS network
SGSN
GGSN
SGSN
IP network Gi
Gn
Gb
Sig. data
Pure Sig.
Mobile
GPRS
BSS MSC
SMS-
GMSC
HLR
A Um
GPRS operation
Mobile states
"Idle"
A
t
t
a
c
h
m
e
n
t
t
o

n
e
t
w
o
r
k
D
e
t
a
c
h
m
e
n
t
Out oI Time
Packet Tx or Rx
D
e
t
a
c
h
m
e
n
t
o
r

O
u
t

o
I

T
i
m
e
"Ready" "Stand-by"
IP backbone
BSS
GPRS operation
Basic procedures
SGSN
MS
1
GGSN1
GGSN2
PDN1
PDN2
LLC
TLLI
1
Attachment
GTP
TID
1
IMSI session
1
Opening
Session(s)
TID
2
IMSI session
2
GPRS operation
IP overview
ip ip ip ip ip
http http ftp ftp smtp smtp gtp gtp
routers
P network
GGSN
SGSN
1
tcp
1 tcp
wap wap
GPRS operation
Layered model -encapsulation in the MS-
NSAPI
NSAPI TLLI
TLLI
X25
GMM/SM
SMS
SNDCP
IP
LLC
NSAPI
i
GPRS operation
Layered architecture -user level-
relay
relay
SNDCP
GTP
Um
Gb
Gn Gi
Application Application
IP/X25 IP/X25 IP/X25
SNDCP GTP
LLC LLC UDP/TCP UDP/TCP
RLC
RLC (BSSGP)
(BSSGP) IP IP
MAC MAC
Frame
relay
Frame
relay
L2 L2
L2 (MAC)
Physical
Layer
Physical
Layer
Physical
Layer
Physical
Layer
Physical
Layer
Physical
Layer
Physical
Layer
MS BSS SGSN GGSN
GPRS operation
GPRS-speciIic subscription data
Network access mode
(GPRS ' NSS ' both)
SM transIer option
"PDP contexts":
PDP type (IP or X.25)
|PDP address (IP( or X.121) |
Access point name (APN) or `
QoS proIile
APN accessible through FPLMN-GGSN ?
global title oI current SGSN
Ilags:
SGSN restoration (done or not)
roaming restriction
SMS-MT supported by current SGSN
mobile not reachable (MNRG)
etc.
GPRS operation
Combined GPRS and NSS attachments (Gs interIace) -1-
SGSN
HLR
Attachrequest (IMSI)
Triplet request
Authentication
Updatelocation
IMSI current SGSN
Insertsubscriberdata
Updatelocationack
IMSI TLLI current RA subscription data
Attachaccept (TLLI)
MS TLLI
SGSN HLR
GPRS operation
Combined GPRS and NSS attachments (Gs interIace) -2-
MSC/VLR
LocationUpdatereq (IMSI. LAI)
Update location (IMSI. mVLR)
Insertsubscriberdata
Updatelocationack
LocationUpdateaccept
IMSI current VLR
GPRS operation
Sending data: "PDP context activation"
ActivatePDPcontextreq
(NSAPI
1
.TI. APNPDN1. QoS. PCO..)
TLLI
DNS
DNSquery (PDN1)
DNSresponse (( IP oI GGSN1)
SGSN
GGSN1
TLLl (NSAPl
T
+ PDP clxl
(~ lMSl + NSAPl + 6 lP GGSN
CreatePDPcontextreq
(TI. APNPDN1. QoS. PCO..)
TID
1
(SGSN(GGSN
TlD
T
6 lP MS
6lP SGSN
CreatePDPcontextresp
((IP Ior MS)
TID
1
(GGSN (SGSN
ActivatePDPcontextaccept
((IP Ior MS)
TLLI
TLLI NSAPI
1
PDP context
GPRS operation
Sending data: "dynamic address allocation"
GGSN1
DHCPoIIer (proposed IP ()
DHCPdiscover (TID)
DHCP
server
DHCPack
DHCPrequest (proposed IP ()
GGSN1 RADIUS
Accessrequest (PCOauthentication data)
Accessresponse (IP( Ior MS)
GPRS operation
Network-requested PDP context activation
PDPPDU
RequestPDPctxtactivation
(IMSI. PDPtype. PDP()
HLR
SGSN
SRIIorGPRS (IMSI)
SRIIorGPRSres ((SGSN.|error|)
GGSN
PDUNotiIication (IMSI. PDPtype. PDP()
PDUNotiIicationres (cause)
PDP context activation procedure
GPRS opertion
Sending data: context review
NSAPI
1
PDP context
1
NSAPI
2
PDP context
2
IMSI TLLI
SGSN
(NSAPI
1
PDP context
1
( oI GGSN
1
)
IMSI TLLI current RA
subscription data
(NSAPI
2
PDP context
2
( oI GGSN
2
)
GGSN1 TID
1
PDP context
1
IMSI ( current SGSN
HLR
IMSI ( current SGSN
- ( MS IP/X25
- APN
- QoS
GPRS operation
Exchanging packets -sending-
TLLI IMSI
NSAPI
1
TID
1
( GGSN1
NSAPI
1
TLLI
NSAPI
1
TLLI
PDP network
TID
1
SGSN
GGSN1
User packet (MS (Srv
(SGSN (GGSN
GPRS operation
Exchanging packets -receiving-
type and ( oI MS TID
1
...
... ( current SGSN
TID
1
NSAPI
1
TLLI current RA
PDP network
GGSN1
SGSN
(SGSN (GGSN
TID
1
User packet (MS (Srv TLLI NSAPI
1
What is GPRS ?
Authentication modes
SSSN
Intranet
IP backbone
TE MT
Internet
DNS
function
SSSN
DHCP
function
Acl|vale P0P Corlexl
|APN = lrle(rel / lrl(arel. P0P = 0)
C(eale P0P Corlexl
|APN : P0P = 0)
APN corl|d al 003N :
-l(arspa(erl rode
-0lCP pa(arele(s
(oul|rd. lurre||rd.
secu(|lv. elc...
SSSN
Intranet/
ISP
IP backbone
TE MT
Authenticution und
uccountinq
Address uIIocution
SSSN
DHCP
primury
Acl|vale P0P Corlexl
|APN = lrle(rel/lrl(arel
Aulrerl|cal|or dala)
C(eale P0P Corlexl
|P0P = 0
Aulrerl|cal|or 0ala)
APN corl|d al 003N :
-ror-l(arspa(erl rode
-RA0lu3 pa(arele(s
-0lCP pa(arele(s
- (oul|rd. lurre||rd. secu(|lv. ...
GPRS operation
RA update. intra-SGSN
SGSN
RoutingAreaupdaterequest
RoutingAreaupdateaccept (|TLLI|)
RoutingAreaupdatecomplete
GPRS operation
Inter-SGSN RA update -1-
new
SGSN
2
RoutingAreaupdatereq (RA
1
)
GGSN
SGSNcontextreq (RA
1
. TLLI. (SGSN
2
)
SGSNcontextresp (MMctxt. PDPctxt)
UpdatePDPcontextreq (TID. (SGSN
2
)
UpdatePDP contextresp
old
SGSN
transIer oI stored packets
SGSNcontextack
GPRS operation
Inter-SGSN RA update -2-
old
SGSN
cancellocation (IMSI)
cancellocationack
Updatelocation (IMSI. (SGSN
2
)
Updatelocationack
HLR
insertsubscriberdata (ack)
RoutingAreaupdateaccept (TLLI)
RoutingAreaupdatecomplete
new
SGSN
DiIIerent possible charging strategies:
Fixed price
By connection time
By volume oI data exchanged
Other ?
Three types oI CDR
MCDR (Mobility) created at SGSN on an attach. closed on "detach" or on
change oI SGSN
SCDR created at SGSN. on activation oI PDP context
GCDR created at GGSN. on activation oI PDP context
Main inIormation in a CDR:
IMSI PDP context identiIier
quantity oI data sent and received
QoS selected
PDP addresses (calling and called)
PDP context duration and start time
APN
GPRS operation
Charging
Secured network access
Authentication oI MSs and conIidentiality oI their identity
Possibility oI encrypting user data
Possibility oI veriIying IMEI with an EIR (GI)
Secured backbone IP network
Firewall application-level Iiltering
Filtering by access lists (in the GGSNs)
Secured intranet access
APN with mandatory subscription
APN with access lists
APN with tunneling on Gi (IPsec).
GPRS operation
Security
True or False ?
The GGSN examines the header oI user packets arriving Irom the PDN
The SGSN encapsulates user-destined packets directly in LLC Irames
The GPRS HLR knows the location oI an MS to the nearest RA
With each web page downloaded. a new PDP context must be activated
User data can be encrypted
A CDR is generated Ior each packet sent or received
No need Ior paging to send a packet to a mobile in the "Ready" state
Attachment to the network does not involve GGSN
What interIaces oI the GPRS NSS does a packet cross Irom a PDN to an MS ?
Why is an RA smaller than an LA ?
GPRS operation
True
False
False
False
False
True
True
True
Gi then Gn then Gb
Since paging is more frequent in GPRS as it is in GSM. it is
better to do it on a smaller number of cells
The position oI the standard
CCU
CCU
CCU
CCU
BSC
PCU
PCU
BSC
BTS
BTS
SGSN
Um
Abis
Gb
CCU Channel Control Unit
PCU Packet Control Unit
SGSN
SGSN
PCU
BSC
CCU
CCU
Gb
GSL
Alcatel`s choice
TRE
TRE
BSC
BTS
SGSN
Um
Abis
TRE Transceiver
Gprs Signalling Links
Gb
BSC
MFS
PCU
PCU
Ater
TRE
TRE
PCU
PCM
SGSN
TC
MSC1
GSM
GPRS
CS
CS / PS
BSC
TC
CS / -
PCU
Gb
Frome Frome
keloy keloy
PCU
MSCx
Cabling
Layered model -signalling in the BSS-
BSC
MFS
Gb
Ater
L2-GSL
L1-GSL
BSCGP
BSCGP
L2-GSL
L1-GSL
Ater
physical
layer
RRM
MFS
MS BTS
relay
Um
BSC
relay
physical
layer
RRM
Abis
Layered model -user level-
Physical
layer
L2-GCH
L1-GCH
MS BTS
MFS
SGSN
relay
relay
BSS
GP
Um
Abis/Ater Gb
Physical
layer
LLC
Physical
layer
Frame
relay
RLC
L2-GCH
L1-GCH
MAC MAC
RLC
Physical
layer
Frame
relay
BSSGP
LLC
IP GMM
GMM IP
PCU
SNDCP SNDCP
Frame Relay principles
access line
access line
Frame Relay data network protocol
user connected to network through a synchronous "access line"
Frome Frome
keloy keloy
DLCIm
DLCIp
PVC
PVC
PVC
DLCI
b
DLCI
a
based on semi-permanent connections. PVCs
a PVC is recognized on each section by a DLCI
possible data loss (CRC)
D
L
C
=
m
DLC
= p
DLCI0 (Sig)
User-to-network signaling (DLCI0)
SGSN
Gb
Physical
layer
SNS
BSSGP
NSC
Gb
Irames
Relay
Physical
layer
SNS
BSSGP
NSC
PCU1
Physical
layer
SNS
BSSGP
NSC
PCU2
BC
1
TS
a
. TS
b
....
BC
2
TS
u
. TS
v
..
Bearer Channel
BC
3
TS
i
. TS
i
..
BC
4
TS
x
. TS
y
..
BC
a
all TS
BC
b
PCM
2
PCM
a
PCM
b
PCM
PCM
1
Frome Frome
keloy keloy
The Gb interIace -physical layer-
Gb
SGSN
Physical
layer
SNS
BSSGP
NSC
Gb
Frame
Relay
Physical
layer
SNS
BSSGP
NSC
PCU1
BC
1
Bearer Channel
BC
4
BC
a
Physical
layer
SNS
BSSGP
NSC
PCU2
Frome Frome
keloy keloy
PVC
2
PVC
3
PVC
4
DLCIo
DLCIr
PVC
PVC
1
DLCIm
DLCIp
The Gb interIace -Sub Network Service-
Gb SGSN
Physical
layer
SNS
BSSGP
NSC
Gb
Physical
layer
SNS
BSSGP
NSC
PCU1
Physical
layer
SNS
BSSGP
NSC
PCU2
Frome Frome
keloy keloy
NS-VCI12
NS-VCI13
NS-VCI14
NS-VC
NS-VCI 11
BSC
1
BSC
2
NSEIx
NSEIy
NSE
The Gb interIace -Network Service Control-
Gb SGSN
Physical
layer
SNS
NSC
Gb
Physical
layer
SNS
NSC
PCU1
Physical
layer
SNS
NSC
PCU2
BSC
1
BSC
2
NSE
BSSGP
The Gb interIace -BSS GPRS Protocol-
BVCIp
BVCIm
BVCIn
BVCIi
BVC
BVCIi
BVCIi
BVCIk
cell
Radio interIace: Irame. multiIrame and block
f
i
1 TDMA Irame TDMA
1
TDMA
51
1 2 3 4 5 7 6 0
multiIrame (52)
TS
0
Block
0
0 to 3
PDCH
0
51
Block
11
47 to 50
PDCH
7
8 physical
channels
Physical channels shared by GSM traIIic and GPRS
traIIic (belongs to the Network Mode oI Operation).
Dynamically allocated PDCH (Packet Data CHannels)
PDCH PTCH (Packet TraIIic CHannel)
PTCH PDTCH PACCH
(Packet Data TraIIic CHannel) (Packet Associated Control CHannel)
Common signaling channels: Master PDCH
Primary MPDCH : carries PBCCH (composed oI PSIs)
PCCCH (PACCH PAGCH PPCH) PDTCH
Secondary MPDCH : carries PCCCH channels
NB: PRACH shall occur on any PDCH carrying
MPDCH
Logical channels
Logical channels
Other Ieatures linked to Master Channel
Fast GPRS access
The access burst on PRACH contains the Multislot Class oI the
MS
Multislot uplink TBFs can be established using the 'one phase
access procedure
Faster establishment oI Multislot uplink TBFs
GPRS traffic on Master Channel
The PCCCH can carry signaling or GPRS traIIic
Optimization oI radio resources
Fast paging on Master Channel
Radio resource management -uplink-
network
MS
time
start
oI TBF
end oI
TBF
TFI
m
TFI
m1
TFI
m2
I
ULi
Channel Request ("packet". Nb oI blocksn)
Packet Resource Assignment
(list(PDCHi.tokent).TFIm)
SEND on block b1 (TFIm)
scanning oI blocks received on PDCHi
in each block b
token t ?
Y
N
n blocks
MFS
example: allocation oI six blocks as UL
Channel Request ("packet". No oI blocks6)
Packet Resource Assignment
(PDCH3.token2.TFI
m
)
I
DLi
0 11
PDCH
3
t1 t1
t2
t2
t 2 t1 t1
t 2
t2
t2
t3 t3
9 5 3
8
4 2
I
ULi
0 11
PDCH
3
6
5 9
4
TFIm TFIm
10
3
TFIm TFIm TFIm TFIm
MFS
Radio resource management -downlink-
Paging
Paging Request ("packet")
TFI
k
MS
network
time
I
DLi
TFI
k
TFI
k-1
Channel Request ("packet")
Packet Uplink Assignment (PDCH.tokent.TFIm)
SEND on block assigned (TFIm)
Packet Paging Response
Packet Downlink Assignment
(list(PDCHi).TFI
k
. n blocks)
scanning oI blocks received on PDCHi
RECEPTION oI block b (TFI
k
)
in block b. TFITFI
k
?
Y
N
n blocks
MFS SGSN
In which equipment did Alcatel choose to implement the PCU Iunction ?
True or False ?
The SGSN is linked to the BSS by an interIace based on the Frame Relay protocol
For each cell. the number oI channels which can be used Ior GPRS traIIic is operator-conIigurable
II a user packet is lost at the Gb interIace. it can be recovered using Irame relay protocol
mechanisms
The LLC protocol is independent oI the type oI BSS employed
In a cell. a TRX can carry eight PDCHs
One PDCH can be allocated in its entirety to a single user
II necessary. blocks on diIIerent PDCHs can be allocated to a single user
The NSEI is the identiIier used by the SGSN to indicate the destination cell oI an LLC Irame to the
MFS
The same quantity oI PVCs is declared on the MFS and SGSN sides
Which protocol is used Ior signaling between SGSN and MFS ?
an MFS
True
False
True
False
True
BSSGP
True
True
True
True
Alcatel's solutions
Focket Focket
Doto Doto
Metwork Metwork
GFk5 GFk5
8ockbone 8ockbone
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5G5M
GG5M
MSC
HLR
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Fublic Fublic
5witched 5witched
Metwork Metwork
BSC
B
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A135 MF5
Gb
Alcatel's solutions
A1000 GPRS -overview-
Reduced investments
Alcatel's solutions
Main options -1-
Flexibility
Deployment oI the right network at least cost
The GPRS NSS can easily be adapted to other wireless access
systems
Flexible deIinition oI priorities between data (GPRS) and voice
(GSM)
Alcatel's solutions
Main options -2-
Full network coverage Ior minimal investment
BSS soItware upgrade
One or more A9135 MFS per MSC site
A Iew SGSN and GGSN Ior the entire network
BSC
B
T
S
M
F
S
SGSN GGSN
B
T
S
BSC
B
T
S
B
T
S
BSC
M
F
S
M5C 1
Alcatel's solutions
First stage oI deployment
M5C 2
SGSN GGSN
B
T
S
BSC
B
T
S
B
T
S
BSC
BSC
B
T
S
M
F
S
M5C 1
M5C 2
M
F
S
Increased power according to required capabilities
hardware extension oI A9135 MFS
addition oI SGSN and GGSN Ior capacity and protection
Alcatel's solutions
Second stage oI deployment
SGSN GGSN
Looking towards the Iuture
Introduction oI "broadband" transmission technologies
GPRS introduces UMTS in two aspects:
Technical: introduction oI packet switching. upgrading oI GPRS
network elements towards their UMTS equivalents.
introduction oI charging by volume oI data exchanged
Commercial: wide scale introduction oI new data services
Alcatel's solutions
Main options -3-
2 or 4
Switches
3 COM 3300
+ IOLAN moduIe
2 or 4
Switches
3 COM 3300
+ IOLAN moduIe
2 DS 10
ControI
sub-rack
2 DS 10
ControI
sub-rack
1 BSXTU
11 GPU (+1)
maxi
1 BSXTU
11 GPU (+1)
maxi
1 BSXTU
11 GPU (+1)
maxi
1 BSXTU
11 GPU (+1)
maxi
Alcatel's solutions
MFS rack installation
Alcatel's solutions
Breakdown oI an SGSN in R2
PCM PCM PCM
Gb
Gs, Gr, Gf
Nectar
Nectar
Nectar
Nectar
Nectar
Nectar
Nectar
Nectar
Nectar
Nectar
Nectar
Nectar
Nectar
Nectar
Nectar
Nectar
GPU GPU GPU GPU
Gn
Alcatel's solutions
SGSN rack installation in R2
2
Co-located
-
GGSN
G
E
F
Basic Racks Extension Rack
1
Pilot
PCM
GPU
MMC
O3
BSS
MF5
OMC
-k
OMC
-G
GG5M
5G5M
Alcatel's solutions
Management principle
DNS/DHCP
BG
NTP
Charging Gateway
Charging Gateway OMC GPRS NSS
OMC GPRS NSS
GGSN SGSN
CCBS
CCBS
Alcatel's solutions
Management element architecture
DHCP DNS BG
Access
routers
Frame-relay network or
PTP connection
E1/E3
E1/E3
FE
Management P Backbone
NTP
NTP
Ga
WAN
LAN
Alcatel's solutions
Overview oI the OMC-G
5G5M 5G5M 5G5M 5G5M
croft croft croft croft
OMC M55 OMC M55 OMC M55 OMC M55- -- -GFk5 GFk5 GFk5 GFk5
GG5M croft GG5M croft GG5M croft GG5M croft
ALMAF Flotform ALMAF Flotform ALMAF Flotform ALMAF Flotform
C5CO EM5 C5CO EM5 C5CO EM5 C5CO EM5
(Cisco Works 2000
+ Cisco View
features)
EML EML EML EML
Telecom 5G5M
5MMF M
ALMAF F ALMAF F ALMAF F ALMAF F
equipment equipment equipment equipment
Supervision.
Maintenance
SGSN TeIecom
GGSN
Datacom
P Equipment
Common platIorm
GPRS network conIiguration: declaration oI NEs. their addresses.
network supervision via graphic maps: creating and editing maps.
display. navigation
detailed view oI NEs: hardware conIiguration and NE states
alarm management: conIiguration. listing. acknowledgement. etc
log management: viewing. conIiguration. backup. etc
trouble ticketing
OMC-G access management: Iunctional and geographic access rights
miscellaneous other Iunctions: calendar. macros. etc
Alcatel's solutions
OMC-G Iunctionalities -1-
GPRS speciIics
stopping and starting GSNs (simpliIied booting procedures)
backing up and restoring GSNs
managing GSN soItware (migrating easily Irom R1 to R2 OMC-G)
managing observation Iunctions: conIiguring collection. display. backup.
Alarm Surveillance Iunction
SGSN-server Gb interIace conIiguration
APN and RA ConIiguration and Management
IP devices management
Cisco Works 2000 (RME ) Cisco View (3.x ou 5.x)
Alcatel's solutions
OMC-G Iunctionalities -2-
Alcatel's solutions
The "Charging Gateway" -architectures-
GTF GTF GTF GTF
IP Backbone
CC85 CC85 CC85 CC85
CC85 CC85 CC85 CC85
G5M G5M G5M G5M
G5M G5M G5M G5M
Chorging Gotewoy Chorging Gotewoy Chorging Gotewoy Chorging Gotewoy
CG CG CG CG ~ ~~ ~ Centrol Centrol Centrol Centrol Frocessing Frocessing Frocessing Frocessing
CG Front CG Front CG Front CG Front- -- -End End End End
G5M G5M G5M G5M
G5M G5M G5M G5M
G5M G5M G5M G5M
G5M G5M G5M G5M
CC85 CC85 CC85 CC85
Ga
ftp
Chorging Gotewoy Chorging Gotewoy Chorging Gotewoy Chorging Gotewoy
Front End + Front End + Front End + Front End +
processing processing processing processing
G5M G5M G5M G5M
G5M G5M G5M G5M
GTF GTF GTF GTF
LAM LAM LAM LAM
G5M G5M G5M G5M
G5M G5M G5M G5M
ftp
Characteristics
Connected to the IP backbone
Provides a unique interIace towards the CCBSs
Operated locally
Functions:
Secure collection oI CDRs with temporary storage
CDR processing: optional reIormatting. consultation. logging.
aggregation oI intermediate CDRs. Iraud detection and analysis)
Backing up and restoring
Secured CDR transIers to CCBSs
Alcatel's solutions
The "Charging Gateway" -characteristics-
Class of
delay
Priority Bit rate resulting QoS
Best Effort - - BEST EFFORT
- Iow - BEST EFFORT
- - Best Effort BEST EFFORT
1, 2 or 3 normaI Specified NORMAL
1, 2 or 3 high Specified PREMUM
Solutions Alcatel
Alcatel oIIer Ior QoS
Class
of delay
Priority Bit rate
Best
Effort
low Best
Effort
2 normal Specified
1 high Specified
True or False ?
Implementing GPRS in the BSS simply entails adding A9135 MFS servers
The GGSN is an IP router made by Cisco with GPRS-dedicated soItware
NSS GPRS equipment management can be conducted Irom a special OMC or using local terminals
The GPRS OMC handles. among other things. alarm management. charging data and log collection
The GPRS OMC is linked to the GSN via direct links or via an X.25 network
Charging data is collected via FTAM. the Iile transIer protocol
The Charging gateway provides a single interIace towards the billing centers
The MAP protocol is implemented in the SGSN
An SGSN is installed on each MSC site
In what way is GPRS the precursor oI UMTS ?
Alcatel's solutions
False
False
False
False
True
True
True
True
False
Technical aspect : packet switching
Commercial aspect : popularize data services for mobiles
ANNEX and GLOSSARY
ANNEX
CS Adaptation
4 Coding Schemes : CS1 -~ CS4
The system selects automatically the best coding scheme :
The data rate is set according to current C/I
Maximum data (160 Kbit/s) only possible with CS4 on 8 channels
0
5
10
15
20
0 10 20 30
C
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a
n
n
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l

r
a
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e

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l

r
a
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h
a
n
n
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l

r
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t
e

{
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a
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{
k
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k
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b
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k
b
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t
/
s
}
/
s
}
/
s
}
/
s
}
C/ (dBm)
CS4
CS3
CS2
CS1
ANNEX
Network Mode oI Operation I with Master CHannel
ANNEX
Network-requested PDP context activation -protection procedure-
HLR
SGSN GGSN
PDUNotiIication (IMSI. PDPtype. PDP()
iI MS idle.
MNRG1
PDUNotiIicationres ("MS GPRS detached")
MARC 1
Failure reportres
Failure report (IMSI)
MARC 1
ANNEX
SMS-MT on GPRS -Gd interIace-
SM transIer
SRIIorSM (|GPRS supported|)
IorwardSM (SM)
SM transIer
report
SRIIorSMres (MSC( and/or SGSN()
IorwardSMres
HLR
SGSN
SMS-GMSC
SMS-SC
report
ANNEX
"Mobile User Activity" Procedure
HLR
SGSN GGSN
GPRSAttachrequest
ReadyIorSM (IMSI)
If MARC1
MARC
NoteMSpresentIor GPRSreq
MARC
SMSGMSC
AlertServiceCenter
AlertServiceCenterack
MARC
NoteMSpresentIor GPRSres
ANNEX
Point-to-Point Protocol Contexts
ISP
IP
PPP 0PPSbeorer
IP IP
PPP
IP
IPsec
0PPSbeorer
UDP/IP/ IPsec
LZTP
PPP
IP
IP
PDP type: IP
PEMOTE USEP
SSSN
SSSN
8ronch Office
IMTEPMET
TunneI
Securify
0ofewoy
IP
PDP type: PPP
IP
PPP
PPP
PPP
PPP
0PPS Core Mefwork
Glossary oI abbreviations used
A to L
ALMAP: ALcatel MAnagement PlatIorm
APN: Access Point Name
AS: Alpha Server (Compaq)
BG: Border Gateway
BSC: Base Station Controler
BSS: Base Station Subsystem
BSCGP: BSC-Gprs Protocol
BSSGP: BSS-Gprs Protocol
BVCI: Bssgp Virtual Connection IdentiIier
CCBS: Customer Care and Billing Center
CCU: Channel Codec Unit
CDR: Call Detail Record
CG: Charging Gateway
CS: Circuit Switching
DHCP: Dynamic Host ConIiguration Protocol
DL: Down Link
DLCI Data Link Connection IdentiIier
DNS: Domain Name System
EDGE: Enhanced Data rates Ior Gsm Evolution
FUMO : Frame Unit Module
FR: Frame Relay
GPRS: General Packet Radio Service
GGSN: Gateway GSN
GMM: Gprs Mobility Management
GR: Gprs Register
GSL: Gprs Signaling Link
GSM: Global System Ior Mobile communication
GSN: Gprs Support Node
GSS: Gprs Sub-System
GTP: Gprs Tunneling Protocol
HLR: Home Location Register
HSCSD: High Speed Circuit-Switching Data
IMSI: International Mobile Subscriber Identity
IP: Internet Protocol
ISDN : Integrated Service Digital Network
ISP: Internet Service Provider
LAN: Local Area Network
LLC: Logical Link Control
M to R
MAC: Medium Access Control
MFS: Multi-Bsc Fast packet Server
MNRG: Mobile Not Reachable Ior Gprs
MS: Mobile Station
MSC: Mobile Switching Center
MT: Mobile Terminal
NDL :
NE: Network Element
NMC: Network Management Center
NNM: Network Node Manager
NRPA : Network Requested PDP Context Activation
NSAPI: Network Service Access Point IdentiIier
NSC: Network Service Control layer
NSEI: Network Service Entity IdentiIier
NSS: Network Sub-System
NS-VC: Network Service- Virtual Circuit
NTP: Network Time Protocol
ODB : On Demand Bandwidth
OMC: Operation & Maintenance Center
OS: Operation System
PAGCH: Packet- Access Grant Channel
PCCCH: Packet- Common Control CHannel
PCO: Protocol ConIiguration Options
PCU: Packet Control Unit
PDCH: Packet Data CHannel
PDN: Packet Data Network
PDP: Packet Data Protocol (IP or X25)
PDU: Protocol Data Unit
PPCH: Packet- Paging CHannel
PRACH: Packet- Random Access CHannel
PS: Packet Switching
P-TMSI: Packet- Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity
PVC: Permanent Virtual Circuit
P-VLR: Packet- Visitors Location Register
QoS: Quality oI Service
RA: Routing Area
RIP : Routing InIormation Protocol
RLC: Radio Link Control
RADIUS: Remote Authentication Dial In Use Service
R to Z
RRDTUF : Roaming Restriction Data Towards
Unknown ForeignPLMN
RRM: Radio Resource Management
RSZ : Regional Subscription Zone
SGSN: Serving GSN
SM: Session Management ' Short Message
SMS: Short Message Service
SMS-C: SMS-Center
SNDCP: Sub Network-Dependent Convergence Protocol
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol
SNS: Sub-Network Service layer
TBF: Temporary Block Flow
TC: Trans Coder
TCH: TraIIic CHannel
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol
TDMA: Time-Division Multiplexing Access
TFI: Temporary block Flow IdentiIier
TID: Tunnel IDentity
TLLI: Temporary Logical Link Identity
TMN: Telecommunication Management Protocol
TS: Time Slot
UDP: User Datagram protocol
UL: Up Link
UMTS: Universal Mobile Transmission System
WAP: Wireless Application Protocol
WAN: Wide Area Network
Main GPRS Standards
EN 301 113 (GSM 02.60) GPRS Service description stage 1
TS 101 350 (GSM 03.64) Overall description oI the GPRS radio interIace. stage 2
GSM 04.60 GPRS MS-BSS interIace. RLC/MAC protocols
TS 101 351 (GSM 04.64) MS-SGSN Logical Link Control layer
TS 101 297 (GSM 04.65) MS-SGSN SubNetwork-Dependent Convergence Protocol layer
TS 101 356 (GSM 07.60) MS supporting GPRS
GSM 08.18 BSS-SGSN BSS GPRS Protocol (BSSGP)
EN 301 347 (GSM 09.60) GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) across the Gn and Gp interIace
TS 101 348 (GSM 09.61) GPRS interworking between PLMN and PDN
TR 10.18 (GSM 10.18) O&M in GPRS
TS 101 393 (GSM 12.15) GPRS charging
Main GPRS Standards
TS 101 350 (GSM 03.64) Overall description oI the GPRS radio interIace. stage 2
GSM 04.60 GPRS MS-BSS interIace. RLC/MAC protocols
TS 101 351 (GSM 04.64) MS-SGSN Logical Link Control layer
TS 101 297 (GSM 04.65) MS-SGSN SubNetwork-Dependent Convergence Protocol layer
TS 101 356 (GSM 07.60) MS supporting GPRS
GSM 08.18 BSS-SGSN BSS GPRS Protocol (BSSGP)
EN 301 347 (GSM 09.60) GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) across the Gn and Gp interIace
TS 101 348 (GSM 09.61) GPRS interworking between PLMN and PDN
TR 10.18 (GSM 10.18) O&M in GPRS
TS 101 393 (GSM 12.15) GPRS charging
Archilecls ol on lnlernel World

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Alcatel University - 8AS 90164 0001 VH ZZA Ed.

07 April 2001 Page 1

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