Introduction to Java

Version 1.0

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Course Objective

The Objective of Java course is: To understand basic programming concepts using Java syntax. To appreciate OOP concepts and encourage problem solving using OOP techniques. To understand various Java API and how to use them effectively in projects. To understand the need for exception handling and how to use in Java environment.

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What is Java?

Java is both: A Programming language A Platform

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The Java Programming Language

Java is an Object Oriented Programming language. Javas syntax is similar to C / C++ syntax. Java is both compiled and interpreted. The intermediate form is called Java byte code, which is platform independent. Byte codes are interpreted by JVM during runtime.

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Java Platform

The Java Platform has two components: The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) The Java Application Programming Interface (Java API)

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The Java Platform

The Java VM is base for Java platform and is ported onto various hardware-based and OS based platforms. The Java API is a large collection of ready-made, frequently used class libraries, stored in packages.

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The Java Environment

Java Program

Java API

JAVA PLATFORM

Java Virtual machine Native OS / Platform

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A Simple Java Program

/** This is our first Java Program */ class FirstClass { public static void main(String args[]) { System.out.println(Hello World.); } }

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Compiling and Running in Eclipse

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Java Data Types

Two major data types Primitive Because java program has to run on different architecture and OS, the size of the data should remain same. Otherwise, on different machines the output will be different Reference All objects are of type reference data type. Java doesnt allow directly to access memory. But objects are refered by pointers only.

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Primitive Data Types

(8 bit) (16 bit) (32 bit) (64 bit)

Integers byte short int long

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Primitive Data Types

(32 bit) (64 bit)

Real Numbers float double

Other Types char boolean (16 bit) (true / false)

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Reference Data Types

Examples: Arrays Strings Objects Interfaces The name reference means a pointer in the memory. All objects are referred by their memory location only. But user cannot directly access memory location. Memory management is taken care by JVM itself.

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Variable Names

Variable names in Java are legal Java identifier comprised of a series of Unicode characters. Variable names must not be Java keyword or a boolean literal Same variable name should not appear twice within a scope.

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Java Operators

Arithmetic Operators +, -, *, /, % Unary Arithmetic Operators ++, -Relational and Conditional Operators >, >=, <, <=, ==, !=, &&, ||, ! Bitwise Operators >>, <<, >>>, &, |, ^, ~ Ternary Operator: ()?():()

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Control Flow

Decision making if-else, switch-case Loop for, while, do-while Exception try-catch-finally, throw Miscellaneous Break, continue, label:, return

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Arrays in Java

Java arrays are objects. Array contains like-typed values. Array can contain both primitive and reference data types. When used with reference data types, reference (memory location) is only stored in arrays and not the real objects. Java supports multidimensional arrays. They are nothing but array of arrays.

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Arrays in Java

Array Declaration int myIntegers[]; int[] myIntegers; Array memory allocation: int myIntegers[] = new int[10]; Array Initialization: int myIntegers[] = {1,2,3,4,5};

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Strings in Java

A sequence of characters is encapsulated as a String object. Java uses + operator for String concatenation. Some useful String functions are: s.length(); s1.equals(s2); s1.subString(int startIndex, int upTo);

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Summary

In this session you learned about: Java Programming Language Java Platform Java Environment First Java Program Data Types Operators Control Flow Java Arrays and Strings

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